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Gazetteer IRAN plus. Caravanserai, Chaparkhaneh. updated 06/06/2026 general notes `Abdolabad karvansara (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.300312 long 52.95041 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara کاروانسرا VARIANT names: `Abdolabad karvansara (?) , Abbas Abad Taybad caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.995895 long 60.718275 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Abbas Abad bei Torbat-e Djam , Abbas Abad Taybad caravanserai , Abbasabad serai , ※ SOURCE for Abbas Abad bei Torbat-e Djam « Abbas Abad bei Torbat-e Djam » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Abbas Abad Taybad caravanserai «1668-008 Abbās Abād Tāybād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 59 45.37 E60 43 6.12 0.41 ha 150.33 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Abbasabad serai « Toorbut to Kareez, 13 ?. ?., 30 ?.By level road across open plains, bearing S.E. At distance of 8 miles pass on the left a covered well, containing water: rather more than half way is the ruined village and serai of Abbasabad; no water here. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 46 Abbas mirza Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.083117 long 46.436264 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Abbas mirza Caravanserai , Karavanserail Arpadaraseh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Arpadaraseh « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit tonnengewölbten Stallungen entlang der östlichen und westlichen Hofseite, Wohnräume auf der Nordseite beiderseits des Eingangs und starke Ab-schlußmauer im Süden (Abb. 52).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 56,30 x 56,00 m, Hofmaße 45 x 45,20 m. Breite der Stallungen 3,30 m. Mauerstärke 1,20 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with barrel-vaulted stables along the eastern and western sides of the courtyard, living quarters on the north side on either side of the entrance, and a strong retaining wall to the south (Fig. 52).Dimensions: External dimensions 56.30 x 56.00 m, courtyard dimensions 45 x 45.20 m. Stable width 3.30 m. Wall thickness 1.20 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 36 Abbas'abad Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.361119 long 56.387864 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi ebas abad کاروانسرای شاه عباسی عباس آباد VARIANT names: Abbas Abad caravanserai , Abbas'abad Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Abbasabad , ※ SOURCE for Abbas Abad caravanserai «1668-026 Abbās Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 21 40.39 E56 23 16.35 0.86 ha 30.63 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Abbasabad « Karavanserail Abbasabad (Abb. 7 und 228) an der Khoras-sanstraßeLage: 15 km östlich von Alhaq und 17 km westlich des Karavanserails Sadrabad (Semnan), in + 850 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit hohem Portalbau im Osten und kleinerem Portal im Westen. Große Vier-Iwan-Anlage (102), nicht vermessen.fn 102 M. Siroux, Caravanserais d'Iran, Kairo 1949, 81. [Abbasabad Caravanserail (Figs. 7 and 228) on the Khorasan HighwayLocation: 15 km east of Alhaq and 17 km west of the Sadrabad Caravanserail (Semnan), at an elevation of 850 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with a high portal building in the east and a smaller portal in the west. Large four-iwan complex (102), not surveyed.... fn 102 M. Siroux, Caravanserais d'Iran, Cairo 1949, p. 81.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 123 Abgarm Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.505895 long 60.066487 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye abgaram کاروانسرای آبگرم VARIANT names: Abgarm Caravanserai , Ab-i-Garm : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Ab Garm , Abgarm , Ab-i-Garm , آب گرم , آبگرم , VARIANT names: Ab Garm , Ab-e garm , Ab-i-Garm , ※ SOURCE for Ab Garm « At 6 miles pass village of Kirdi, water from spring. Population sedentary Qashqai. Kalāntar 1911, Mehdi Khan. Road now crosses a low hill which fies across the valley, the track rising 300 to 2,000 above sea level. It descends to river again and at 9½ miles Ab Garm is passed on left bank. A track diverges hence to Mubarakābād, easier than that of Makka and in regular use. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 165 ※ SOURCE for Ab-e garm « Nur 4 km von Shahabad entfernt liegt ein großer Palmenhain mit einem kioskartigen Bau, der von einer heißen Quelle den Namen Ab-e garm erhalten hat (Taf. 87, 2). Der Kiosk ist ein quadratischer Bau von 14,50 m Seitenlänge und besteht aus einem zentralen Raum von 6 m Seitenlänge, der in zwei Stockwerken von schmalen Räumen umgeben wird. Die Räume des unteren Geschosses sind verschüttet, die Tonnengewölbe sind abererhalten. Durch die tiefe Verschüttung waren die Türen nicht mehr feststellbar. Von den im Obergeschoß gelegenen Räumen waren nur noch Reste der Grundmauern erhalten (Abb. 6). Der Bau entspricht in seinem Grundriß einer Ruine bei Sar Pole Zohab (1.0.). [Only 4 km from Shahabad lies a large palm grove with a kiosk-like building, which was given the name Ab-e garm after a hot spring (Pl. 87, 2). The kiosk is a square building with sides measuring 14.50 m and consists of a central room with sides measuring 6 m, which is surrounded by narrow rooms on two floors. The rooms on the lower floor are buried, but the barrel vaults are preserved. The doors could no longer be secured due to the deep burial. Of the rooms on the upper floor, only the remains of the foundation walls were preserved (Fig. 6). The building's floor plan corresponds to a ruin at Sar Pole Zohab (1.0.).] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 185 Abolghasem Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.89099 long 54.370003 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye abolghasm کاروانسرای ابوالقاسم VARIANT names: Abalqasem caravanserai , Abolghasem Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Abalqasem caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 Abrouz Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.902529 long 51.764617 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi by?zūuy?(abozidabad) کاروانسرای شاه عباسی بیزُوُی(ابوزیدآباد) VARIANT names: Abrouz Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Abuzaidabad sarai , Bizovoy Hotel , ※ SOURCE for Abuzaidabad sarai « ABÜZAIDABAD OR BÜZABAD-Elev. 3,282'.IA large village of 300 houses 20 miles from Kāshān, on the high road to Yazd. It has a post house and old and new sarai. The first chāpārkhāneh on the post road to Nain from Kāshān. Supplies scarce but procurable; water from kanāts. (Schindler). » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 12 ※ SOURCE for Bizovoy Hotel google maps Acopaz caravasar (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.641124 long 52.402335 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: approximate location of caravanserai based on text VARIANT names: Acopaz caravasar (?) , ※ SOURCE for Acopaz caravasar (?) « A 12, jueves santo, de mañana se salio de aqui, caminandose quatro leguas hasta un grande y hermoso carauasar y una pequeña aldea que junto á él estaua, çercada de una rruin muralla de tapias, y en medio della, en sitio algo más rreleuado que lo demas, auia una rruin fortaleza medio derribada; alderredor della y dentro de la primera çerca de la aldea auia hasta cien casillas,... por todo aquel llano en que estan el caravasar y aldea, ... Ay junto al caravasar una grande huerta que Alauerdecan dexó rrecien plantada antes que muriese, en que ay gran número de todo genero de frutales, con grandes y derechas calles de álamos, plátanos [On the 12th, Holy Thursday, in the morning, they left here, walking four leagues to a large and beautiful caravanserai and a small village that stood next to it, enclosed by a ruined wall of adobe, and in the middle of it, in a place somewhat more elevated than the rest, there was a ruined fortress half-demolished; around it and within the first enclosure of the village there were up to one hundred huts, ... throughout that plain where the caravanserai and village are located, ... There is next to the caravanserai a large orchard that Alauerdecan left newly planted before he died, in which there are a great number of all kinds of fruit trees, with large and straight avenues of poplars, plane trees] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 pp. 11-12 Adraskan Rud : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 33.64267536 long 62.26487524 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Adraskan Rud , ※ SOURCE for Adraskan Rud « 13. ADRASKAN RUD See also 2057 DEH SABZ. Original: Lat. 33º 380 N, long. 62º 160 E. Map 70. Revised: 33.64267536 N, 62.26487524 E / 33º 380 33.63130644 N, 62º 150 53.55087588 E. Herat Province. 80 km south of Herat, 300 m west of the Shindand road, south of the Adraskān Rūd, after crossing this river. Dates: Achamenid, 6th–4th cent. BC; Partho-Sasanian, 1st– 4th cent.; pre-Mongol Islamic, 10th–13th cent. (ceramic). Description: Small quadrangular platform (60 x 60 m), height 5 m, at edge of the river; ruins of a brick caravanserai. Collection: National Museum/AIA—sherds. Fieldwork: 1. 1885–6 ABC—topographical exploration. 2. 1952 Le Berre-Gardin, DAFA—survey. 3. 1968–78 Kruglikova, Soviet-Afghan Mission—survey. Sources: 1. DAFA archives: unpublished report by M. Le Berre 1952, Tepe Herat-Shindand6. 2. Maitland et al. 1887: 80—mention ruins of an old fort and caravanserai. 3. Peacocke 1887: 213—mentions two small ruined baked brick forts. 4. Amir Khan and Shahzada Taimus, 1888a: 137—mention. 5. Gazetteer 1975: III. 14—mention. 6. Gaibov et al. 2010: 112—mention that the platform had disappeared by 1970 (Site K150). » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 12 Adumabad serai and post-house (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.229124 long 51.4458 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Adumabad serai and post-house (?) , ※ SOURCE for Adumabad serai and post-house (?) « At distance of 2 miles pass on right mall village of Dah-loor. From this by excellent road, with gradual descents, across extensive plain, thinly covered with bush. At distance of 10 miles pass on right ruined serai (Adumabad) and deserted post-house. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57 Afzal Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.043958 long 48.852139 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye afazl کاروانسرای افضل VARIANT names: Afzal Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Afzal Caravanserai «1668-052 Afzal Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 2 38.26 E48 51 7.66 0.1 ha 1.42 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Agha Ibrahim Khan Karani C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Agha Ibrahim Khan Karani C. , ※ SOURCE for Agha Ibrahim Khan Karani C. Caravanserai of Agha Ibrahim Khan Karani online reference link [accessed 25 Sep 2024] Ahar Goyjah Bel Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.343819 long 46.863374 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye govijeh bil har کاروانسرای گویجه بیل اهر VARIANT names: Ahar Goyjah Bel Caravanserai , Goujebel caravanserai , Karavanserail Valoghli , ※ SOURCE for Goujebel caravanserai «1668-036 Goujebel Iran (Islamic Republic of) N38 20 38.02 E46 51 48.06 0.15 ha 10.93 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Valoghli « Lage: Das Karavanserail liegt auf der Südseite des Passes in + 1760 m ü. N.N. an der Straße Ahar - Tabriz.Typ: Vollständig gedecktes Bergland-Karavanserail mit mittlerem Erschließungsgang und jeweils 5 seitlichen Kam-mern. Zusätzlich am Eingang ein Raum für den Wächter.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37,50 × 30,30 m. Mittelgang-breite 3,90 m, die seitlichen, tonnengewölbten Kammern sind 4,20-4,50 m breit, die Höhe des Mittelganges beträgt 4,70 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, die Gewölbe und Kuppeln sind in gebrannten Ziegeln ausgeführt. [Location: The caravanserai is located on the south side of the pass at an elevation of 1760 m above sea level on the Ahar-Tabriz road.Type: Fully covered mountain caravanserai with a central access corridor and five side chambers on each side. There is also a guard's room at the entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions 37.50 × 30.30 m. Central corridor width 3.90 m, the side, barrel-vaulted chambers are 4.20–4.50 m wide, the central corridor height is 4.70 m.Building material: Rubble masonry; the vaults and domes are constructed of fired bricks.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 34 Ahovan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.770501 long 53.73011 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ahooan Caravanserai , Ahovan Caravanserai , Ahovan Iran caravanserai , Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in Abuan , Shah Abbasi (Ahuan) , ※ SOURCE for Ahooan Caravanserai « Ahooan, a caravanserai and post-house, situated in a small plain a reservoir of rain-water; good bread, but nothing else obtainable. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 40 ※ SOURCE for Ahovan Iran caravanserai «1668-003 Ahovān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N35 46 13.94 E53 43 48.52 0.69 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in Abuan « Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in Abuan (Taf. 31,4 und 32,1-32,2) (Abb. 7 und 176) (82)Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 74,50 x 71,50 m Außenmaße, 43,40 x 39,50 m Hofabmessungen und 9,40 m Höhe des Kuppel scheitels (Abb. 177). Sowohl die Räume im Obergeschoß unter der Kuppel über dem Eingang, als auch die im Oberge-schoß im Nordiwan (Abb. 178) sind durch Nischen reich ge-gliedert.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail befindet sich im Verfall.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt. Eine Tafel über dem Eingang ist verschwunden.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. fn 82 Robat Anushirvani und Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in Ahuan wurden im Grundriß am 29. 10. 1976 vermessen, ebenfalls in Schnitt und An-sicht das Karavanserail. Die rekonstruierten Eingangsfronten beider Bauphasen des Robat Anushirvani wurden am17.10.1994 aufgenom men. [Shah Abbasi Caravanserail in Abuan (Plates 31.4 and 32.1–32.2) (Figs. 7 and 176) (82)Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two stable sections, a projecting portal, and a dome over the entrance.Dimensions: 74.50 x 71.50 m external dimensions, 43.40 x 39.50 m courtyard dimensions, and 9.40 m height of the dome apex (Fig. 177). Both the rooms on the upper floor under the dome above the entrance and those on the upper floor in the north iwan (Fig. 178) are richly articulated by niches.Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is in a state of disrepair.Inscriptions: unknown. A plaque above the entrance is missing.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The ground plan of Robat Anushirvani and the Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in Ahuan was surveyed on October 29, 1976, as were the sections and elevations of the caravanserai. The reconstructed entrance facades of both construction phases of Robat Anushirvani were photographed on October 17, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 96 ※ SOURCE for Shah Abbasi (Ahuan) « Shah Abbasi (Ahuan) » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 118 Ahuan Chaykhaneh : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.771471 long 53.732668 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ahuan Chaykhaneh , ※ SOURCE for Ahuan Chaykhaneh « Chaykhaneh in Abb. 171 Ahuan, Lageskizze » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 96 Akbarabad sarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approximate location based on map VARIANT names: Akbarabad sarai , ※ SOURCE for Akbarabad sarai « Akbarabad sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948} Akhundzada : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 31.3555802 long 65.92950159 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Akhundzada , ※ SOURCE for Akhundzada « 23. AKHUNDZADA Original: Lat. 31º 19’ N, long. 65º 56’ E. Maps 89, 99. Revised: 31.3555802 N, 65.92950159 E / 31º 21’ 20.08870668 N, 65º 55’ 46.20572112 E. Kandahār Province. Near Takhta Pul, 35 km south-east of Kandahār, 1 km to the south-west of the road to Spin Baldak. Dates: Indo-Parthian, 1st–3rd cent.; Ghaznavid, 11th–12th cent. (ceramic). Description: Alarge ruined mud-brick caravanserai and deserted hamlet of late date. Immediately to the west, towards the desert, is a thick scatter of sherds and building debris stretching for several hundred metres, and three large, probably artificial, mounds. Fieldwork: 1951 Casal, DAFA—survey. Sources: 1. Site description by Warwick Ball. 2. Gardin and Lyonnet, chronological study, 1980, of unpublished pottery from DAFA surveys. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 21 Alaghband Carvansara : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.061375 long 59.433936 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat alaghband رباط علاقبند VARIANT names: Alaghband Carvansara , Ribat-i-Bizd Kush , ※ SOURCE for Ribat-i-Bizd Kush « Ribat-i-Bizd Kush » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. J-40X Meshed} Alaki Caravanserai (Harzand-e Atiq) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.6445895563986 long 45.6778273319697 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye alaki nparzand atiq کاروانسرای الاکی هرزند عتیق VARIANT names: Alaki Caravanserai (Harzand-e Atiq) , Karavanserail Airandibi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Airandibi « Karavanserail Airandibi (Abb. 4 und 39) (35)Lage: 27km nördlich von Marand an der Straße nach Djulfa.Typ: Hofkaravanserail. An den Außenseiten durch Halbrundtürme bewehrt, Eingang auf der Westseite, weitere Einzelheiten der Hofgestaltung sind unbekannt. Reste der Außenfassade im Torbereich erhalten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 60,50 × 50,00 m, ohne die Turmvorsprünge. Hofmaße 39 x 28 m.Baumaterial: Sauber gearbeiteter Steinsockel in 3 Schichten, darauf Ziegelmauerwerk (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur die Ostwand des 4,40 m weiten Portals (Taf. 1,1.2) ist auf 11,80 m Höhe erhalten und der Anfang der Fassade von etwa 10,50 m Höhe. Das Portal ist in mehrfarbigem Ziegelmosaik (hell-türkis - dunkeltürkis - ziegelfarben) in Blendnischen, Säulen und Stalaktiten sowie Schriftbändern in Kufi-Schrift gestaltet (Abb. 40). Die Fassade läßt sich auf 10,50 m Höhe und die Portalumrahmung auf eine Höhe von 14,90 m rekonstruie-ren. Alle anderen Teile des Karavanserails sind bis auf Schutt-wälle zerstört.Inschriften: Reste einer Kufi-Inschrift an der Portalrahmung.Datierung: Auf Grund der Portalarchitektur kann der Bau in die timuridische Zeit (14.-15. Jahrhundert) angesetzt werden.fn 35 AMI N. F. 5, 1972, 186f. Das Karavanserail wurde am 15. 5. 1971 aufgenommen. [Airandibi Caravanserai (Figs. 4 and 39) (35)Location: 27 km north of Marand on the road to Djulfa.Type: Courtyard caravanserai. Fortified on the outer sides by semicircular towers, entrance on the west side; further details of the courtyard layout are unknown. Remains of the outer facade are preserved in the gate area.Dimensions: External dimensions 60.50 × 50.00 m, excluding the tower projections. Courtyard dimensions 39 × 28 m.Building material: Neatly worked stone foundation in 3 layers, topped with brickwork (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Only the east wall of the 4.40 m wide portal (Plates 1.1.2) is preserved to a height of 11.80 m, along with the beginning of the facade, which is approximately 10.50 m high. The portal is decorated with a multicolored brick mosaic (light turquoise - dark turquoise - brick-colored) in blind niches, columns, and stalactites, as well as inscription bands in Kufic script (Fig. 40). The facade can be reconstructed to a height of 10.50 m and the portal frame to a height of 14.90 m. All other parts of the caravanserai are destroyed except for mounds of rubble.Inscriptions: Remains of a Kufic inscription on the portal frame.Dating: Based on the portal architecture, the building can be dated to the Timurid period (14th-15th centuries).fn 35 AMI N. F. 5, 1972, 186f. The caravanserai was photographed on May 15, 1971.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 31 Alborz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.728616 long 50.972129 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Alborz Caravanserai , Al-Fateh Khan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Al-Fateh Khan Caravanserai , Kleinkaravanserail (Station) nördlich Bastak , ※ SOURCE for Al-Fateh Khan Caravanserai « Al-Fateh Khan Caravanserai is one of the caravanserai in the west of Hormozgan province in the south of Iran, which belongs to the Safavid period. This caravanserai is located in the city of Bastak and in the central part of Bastak, Hormozgan, and is considered one of the historical monuments and sightseeing spots of Hormozgan province. This place is one of the historical monuments on the road connecting Lar city to Bandar Lange city. This caravanserai is located in the eastern part of Azadi Square in Bestak, and it is considered to be a work of the Safavid era. The building is in the form of two porches with cells on the sides. Two stables have been built on the eastern and western sides of the caravanserai. » online reference link [accessed 01 Jul 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail (Station) nördlich Bastak « Kleinkaravanserail (Station) nördlich Bastak (Abb. 8; 244) (124)Lage: 2 km nördlich des Karavanserails Bastak, 6 km südwestlich des vor dem Pass (+640 m ü. N.N.) gelegenen nächsten Kleinkaravanserail (nicht vermessen), in + 390 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Langrechteckiger Bau aus zwei Seitenräumen und einem mittleren Zugangsraum mit Spiegelgewölbe.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 17,90 × 3,50 m, Gebäude-höhe 3,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten; vor dem Gebäude liegen zwei Plattformen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.fn 124 Die Station wurde am 13.3.1986 vermessen. [Small Caravanserail (Station) north of Bastak (Fig. 8; 244) (124)Location: 2 km north of the Bastak Caravanserail, 6 km southwest of the next small caravanserail (not surveyed) located before the pass (+640 m a.s.l.), at +390 m a.s.l., on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Long rectangular building consisting of two side rooms and a central entrance hall with a mirrored vault.Dimensions: External dimensions 17.90 × 3.50 m, building height 3.20 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved; two platforms are located in front of the building.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 124 The station was surveyed on March 13, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 133 Alhar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Alhar Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Alhar Caravanserai online reference link [accessed 31 Oct 2024] Ali Abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.131561 long 50.976062 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ali Abad Caravanserai , Aliabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Aliabad , ※ SOURCE for Aliabad caravanserai « on the slope of a black volcanic hill we came upon the lofty towers and gaudy tiled front of 175this great caravanserai, imposing at a distance in the solitude and snow clouds, but shabby on a nearer view, and tending to disintegrate from the presence of saltpetre in the bricks and mortar.There are successions of terraces and tanks of water with ducks and geese upon them, and buildings round the topmost terrace intended to be imposing. The seraidar is expecting the Amin-es-Sultan (the Prime Minister) and his train, who will occupy rather a fine though tawdry "suite of apartments"; but though they were at our service, I prefer the comparative cosiness of a small, dark, damp room, though with a very smoky chimney, as I find to my cost. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 174-5 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aliabad « Karavanserail Aliabad (Taf. 8,1 und 8,2) an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (Abb. 3 und 49) (25)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht in + 1020 m ü. N.N. an der qadjarischen Route von Teheran nach Qom und am Ab-zweig einer Verbindung zum Karavanserail Hauz-i Sultan (Howz-e Soltan), am safavidischen Weg von Teheran nachfn 25 M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran, Kairo 1949, 91 ff. - Die Schnitte und die ursprüngliche Front des Karavanserails wurden am 14. 9. 1986 vermessen. [Caravanserail Aliabad (Plates 8.1 and 8.2) on the road from Tehran to Qom (Figs. 3 and 49) (25)Location: The caravanserail is situated at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level on the Qajar route from Tehran to Qom and at the junction of a connecting road to the Hauz-i Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) caravanserail, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom.See M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran, Cairo 1949, pp. 91 ff. - The cross-sections and the original frontage of the caravanserail were surveyed on September 14, 1986.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 36 Aliabad Stony Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.119548 long 50.989207 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Aliabad Stony Caravanserai کاروانسرای سنگی علی?آباد VARIANT names: Aliabad Stony Caravanserai , caravanserai , Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi Aliabad , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « Some miles from Shashgird, far from the road, there is a large salt lake over which some stationary mists were brooding. Beyond this an ascent among snow clouds along some trenched land where a few vines and saplings have been planted leads to a caravanserai built for the accommodation of state officials on their journeys, where in falling snow we vindicated our origin in the triumphant West by taking lunch on a windy verandah outside rather than in the forlorn dampness of the inside, and brought a look of surprise even over the impassive face of the seraidar. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 174 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi Aliabad « Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi Aliabad (Taf. 8,3-9,2) in Aliabad, an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (Abb. 3 und 51)26Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 1 km östlich des Karavan-serails von Aliabad, an einer Ost-West-Verbindung zum Ka-ravanserail Hauz-i Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) und weiter nach Daihr (Abb. 51). Auf einem Höhenrücken steht ein Mil (Ka-rawanenrichtpunkt), ein runder Turm in Bruchsteinmauer-werk auf einer Plattform, die einmal erweitert wurde. Der Turm noch etwa 8 m hoch erhalten - enthält eine Wendel-treppe (Abb. 51).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Stallungen in den rückwärtigen Teilen der vier Flügel. In der Südecke überkuppelter Kreuzraum. Halbrunde Eck- und Courtinen-türme und vorgezogener, abgeschrägter Portalbau (Abb. 52). [Caravanserail Qal'eh Sangi Aliabad (Plates 8.3-9.2) in Aliabad, on the road from Tehran to Qom (Figs. 3 and 51)26Location: The caravanserail is located 1 km east of the caravanserailAliabad, on an east-west road connecting to the Hauz-i Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) caravanserail and further on to Daihr (Fig. 51). On a ridge stands a mil (caravan landmark), a round tower built of rubble masonry on a platform that was once extended. The tower, still standing approximately 8 m high, contains a spiral staircase (Fig. 51).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and stables in the rear sections of the four wings. A domed cross-shaped hall is located in the southern corner. Semi-circular corner and curtain towers and projecting, chamfered portal structure (Fig. 52).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 37 Alkhalaj Abassi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.7180824427839 long 46.9797925118906 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi olkhalaj کاروانسرای شاه عباسی الخلج VARIANT names: Alkhalaj Abassi Caravanserai , Guilaclar caravanserai , Karavanserail Gilak , ※ SOURCE for Guilaclar caravanserai « Le dix ſeptiéme nous partîmes au jour par des campagnes affez unies, mais defertes, et nous vin-mes loger dans un Caravanferail nommé Guilaclar. [On the seventeenth we set out by day through fairly flat, but deferred countryside, and we came to lodge in a Caravanferrail named Guilaclar.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 49 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gilak « Karavanserail Gilak (Abb. 4 und 64) (56)Lage: Karavanserail Gilak (Taf. 4,2) liegt 86km südöst-lich von Tabriz am Wege nach Zandjan und Qazvin.Typ: Vier-Iwan-Karavanserail mit gegliederter Fassade, Ecktürmen und 4 voneinander getrennten Stallkomplexen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 46,80 × 55,50 m, Hofmaße 30,80 x 21,90 m. Die Kuppelhöhe (Abb.65) über dem Ein-gang beträgt 5,70 m. Die äußere Portalhöhe ist auf 6,70 m an-zunehmen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel. 56 M. Siroux 37 62 f. - Der dort vorgelegte Grundriß konnte am 1. 5. 1976 verbessert werden. [Gilak Caravanserai (Figs. 4 and 64) (56)Location: Gilak Caravanserai (Plate 4.2) is located 86 km southeast of Tabriz on the road to Zanjan and Qazvin.Type: Four-iwan caravanserai with a segmented facade, corner towers, and four separate stable complexes.Dimensions: External dimensions 46.80 × 55.50 m, courtyard dimensions 30.80 × 21.90 m. The dome height (Fig. 65) above the entrance is 5.70 m. The external portal height is assumed to be 6.70 m.Building material: Fired bricks.56 M. Siroux 37 62 f. - The ground plan presented there was improved on May 1, 1976.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 44 Alku : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.6496 long 52.3808 NIMA/GNS names: Alku , Karvansara-ye Lekab , Karvansara-ye Lekow , الکو , كاروانسرای لکاب , كاروانسرایلكو , VARIANT names: Alku , Allah Verdikhan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Allah Verdikhan Caravanserai , Baghin caravanserai , Caravanserai/Khan - 0207240 , Karavanserail Bagin , ※ SOURCE for Baghin caravanserai « « BAGHIN-Lat. 30° 12' 5" (St. John).Long.Elev. 5610' (Gill).A village in Karman, north-west from Karman, on the road to Yazd. It is now a village of sixty or eighty houses, although the ruins with which it is surrounded testify to its former importance. There are a few trees and evidently abundance of "kanát" water. There is a very good caravansarai here, and also a post station. (Smith.)It has a hundred and twenty houses, with a sarai; is a flourishing village with bountiful crops of wheat and opium and surrounded by orchards. The water is brackish. Supplies are plentiful. Cotton and melons are also grown here. (Lovett-St. John-Gill-Stack.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914~p. » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 13 ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207240 EAMENA-0207240 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bagin « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen Iwane die Eingänge zu den beiden Stallab-teilungen bilden.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 43,50 × 38,50 m, Hofab-messungen 21 X 20 m, Stallgangbreite 4 m, Fassadenhöhe 4,50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 5,50 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, the two side iwans forming the entrances to the two stable sections. Dimensions: External dimensions 43.50 × 38.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21 × 20 m, stable aisle width 4 m, facade height 4.50 m, gatehouse height approximately 5.50 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 83 Allahabad caravanserai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.277488 long 55.826924 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Allahabad caravanserai ? , ※ SOURCE for Allahabad caravanserai ? « ALLAHABAD (2) LAT. 29° 17' N. LONG. 55° 47' 30" E. ELEV.A village in the Sirjan district of Kirman, 16 miles south of Saidabad. It contains about 80 houses and also a good caravanserai. Supplies are procurable, and water is good and plentiful. (Newcomen, 1905.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 47 Allah-Qoli Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.555587 long 50.484263 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ollah ghli کاروانسرای الله قلی VARIANT names: Allah-Qoli Caravansary , Karavanserail Alagoli , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Alagoli « Abmessungen: 55,50 × 46,50 m Außenmaße plus 6,20 m Stallanbau auf der Ostseite, 27 x 23,50 m Hofabmessungen, Portalhöhe 5,30 m (Abb.25). [Dimensions: 55.50 × 46.50 m external dimensions plus a 6.20 m stable extension on the east side, 27 x 23.50 m courtyard dimensions, portal height 5.30 m (Fig. 25).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 23 Amin Abad Caravanserai Yazd : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Amin Abad Caravanserai Yazd , Amnabad caravanserai , Amnabad Karawanserei , Karavanserail Aminabad , new caravasar , ※ SOURCE for Amin Abad Caravanserai Yazd online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] « 1668-014 Amin Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 40 21.7 E52 4 6.41 0.4 ha 5.23 ha » The Persian Caravanserai at whc.unesco.org ※ SOURCE for Amnabad caravanserai « AMNABAD-LAT. 31139' N. LONG. 52° 8' Ε. The last village, 9 miles from Yazd-i-khāst, 75 miles from Isfahan on the main road thence to Shiraz. It has a caravanserai and fort, and ruins. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 51 ※ SOURCE for Amnabad Karawanserei « 3 kleine Farsach bis zu einem ziemlich großen königlichen Dorfe Amnâbâd. ... Dorfs ein Kala Hamum (Qal'ä Burg, Hammam Bad), Mescit (Masdjed, Moschee) und Karawanserei, die Ala Werdi Chan (Allâh-Werdi Chân, Feldherr des Schahs Abbas I.), der auch die Brücke in Isfahan gemacht, gestiftet, als woselbst sich Fars von Arak oder Parthien scheidet. Die Karawanserei war achtkantig, außen von Feldsteinen und wie eine Festung mit Rondellen gebaut. Hatte doch außen, um den Meidan-Platz quadratisch zu machen, eine blind gewölbte Mauer von 9 Fenstergewölben aus gebrannten Steinen. Vor der Pforte hatte es ein vier-eckiges Wasserbecken. War gar bequem zu logieren. Jede Seite hatte 5 schmale Kammern. Jede Kammer hatte ein bequemes Vorgewölbe mit einem erhabenen Absatz. Hinter diesen Kammern waren Pferdegänge in Form eines Hauses. (3 Zeichnungen geben ein klares Bild der Karawanserei.) [Three small Farsach villages led to a fairly large royal village, Amnâbâd. The village had a Kala Hamum (Qal'ä Castle, Hammam Bath), a Mescit (Masjed, Mosque), and a caravanserai, which Ala Werdi Khan (Allâh-Werdi Khan, general of Shah Abbas I, who also built the bridge in Isfahan) had established at the point where Fars separated from Arak or Parthia. The caravanserai was octagonal, built of fieldstones and like a fortress with roundels. To create a square encirclement to the Meidan Square, it had a blind-arched wall with nine arched windows made of fired bricks. In front of the gate was a square pool. It was quite comfortable to stay in. Each side had five narrow chambers. Each chamber had a comfortable vestibule with a raised platform. Behind these chambers were horse passages in the form of a house. (Three drawings give a clear picture of the caravanserai.)] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 89 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aminabad « Lage: 7 km südlich der Grenzstation, 22 km nördlich von Izadkhast (Izad Khast), in + 2100 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz, neben einem befestig-ten Dorf 67.Typ: Oktogonales Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und acht runden Ecktürmen. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 56 x 56 m, Hofabmessungen 38 × 38 m, Höhe des Torbaus etwa 14 m. [Location: 7 km south of the border station, 22 km north of Izadkhast (Izad Khast), at an elevation of 2100 m above sea level. N. N., on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz, next to a fortified village.Type: Octagonal courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, a projecting gatehouse, and eight round corner towers.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions without tower projections 56 x 56 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 38 m, gatehouse height approximately 14 m.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 52 ※ SOURCE for new caravasar A 16 caminó la caravana siete leguas, á una mucho mas pobre y miserable aldea cuyo nonbre no mereçe hazerse memoria del; pero poco menos que á la mitad de la jornada se pasó por un muy grande y hermoso caravasar, nueuo y labrado todo de piedra, con gran-des torreones á las esquinas; en fin, era el mejor, á lo que de fuera se pudo juzgar, de quantos se auian visto y vieron despues en esta jornada, obra tanbien de Alauerdechan y hecho á su propia costa. Frente del caravasar por que pasaua el camino por medio, auia tanbien una gran fortaleza nueua y fuerte, y una pe-queña aldea de vezinos dentro della, [At 16 o'clock the caravan traveled seven leagues to a much poorer and more wretched village whose name does not deserve to be remembered; but almost halfway through the journey they passed by a very large and beautiful caravanserai, new and built entirely of stone, with great towers at the corners; in short, it was the best, as far as could be judged from the outside, of all those seen and seen afterward on this journey, also the work of Alauerdechan and built at his own expense. Opposite the caravanserai, through which the road passed, there was also a large, new, and strong fortress, and a small village of inhabitants within it.] Amini Saray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.882421 long 59.210988 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Amini Saray , ※ SOURCE for Amini Saray « Amini Saray is located within the historical context and the old market of Birjand. The initial use of this building was commercial, and the trade of wool, tea, sugar, carpets, etc. was carried out in this house. This building was built on two floors and is almost symmetrical. Considering its architectural type, in addition to its commercial use, it has also been used to accommodate travelers and merchants. » «google maps» online reference link [accessed 24 Dec 2025] Aminoddole Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.984205 long 51.448815 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Aminoddole Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Aminoddole Caravanserai « Il y a dans Cachan ... les Carvanferas grands et commodes; mais il y en a un entr'autres qui eftoit fort magnifique proche des jardins du Roy à l'entrée de la ville, dans lequel je logeay à mon dernier voyage d'Afie. Tant le Carvanfera que les Jardins font des ouvrages de Chabas I. du nom, et il y fit une fort grande depenfe. Ce Carvanfera à environ 100. pas en quarre, il eſt bati de brique, et à deux étages, et contient prés de fix vingt chambres voutées et d'une raiſonnable grandeur. [In Cachan there are... large and comfortable Carvanferas; but there is one among others that was quite magnificent near the King's Gardens at the entrance to the town, in which I stayed on my last trip to Africa. Both the Carvanfera and the Gardens are the work of Chabas I, and he spent a very large amount on them. This Carvanfera, about 100 paces square, is built of brick, has two stories, and contains nearly twenty vaulted rooms of reasonable size.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 72 Aminzadeh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.043189 long 48.851895 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye amin zadeh کاروانسرای امین زاده VARIANT names: Aminzadeh Caravanserai , Amut Khansar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.231289 long 50.332426 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye amot khansar کاروانسرای آموت خوانسار VARIANT names: Amut Khansar Caravanserai , Anar Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.068048 long 55.026433 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shams کاروانسرای شمس VARIANT names: Anar Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Anar Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.879495 long 55.272016 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi anar کاروانسرای شاه عباسی انار VARIANT names: Anar Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Anar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Anar « Karavanserail Anar (Taf. 16,14) (Abb. 4; 125)50Lage: 33 km südöstlich von Robat Shams, 28 km nord-westlich von Bayaz, in + 1370 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Rafsandjan und Kerman. Anar liegt an der Ab-zweigung der Hauptstraße über Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas (Abb. 4). Eine Burganlage beherrscht den Ort. Das Karavanserail, eine Hofanlage, ist aus gebrannten Ziegeln errichtet. Maße liegen nicht vor.fn 50 Anar wurde am 9. 3. 1986 besucht. Das Karavanserail war nicht bet bar. [Caravanserai Anar (Plate 16.14) (Fig. 4; 125)50Location: 33 km southeast of Robat Shams, 28 km northwest of Bayaz, at an elevation of 1370 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Rafsanjan and Kerman. Anar lies at the junction of the main road via Sirdjan to Bandar-e Abbas (Fig. 4). A fortified complex dominates the site. The caravanserai, a courtyard complex, is built of fired bricks. Dimensions are not available.fn 50 Anar was visited on March 9, 1986. The caravanserai was not accessible.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 77 Anarak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.311795 long 53.700341 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Anarak caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Anarak caravanserai «EAMENA-0207239» online reference link [accessed 04 Jun 2026] Anarestan carvanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.389762 long 53.497996 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Anarestan carvanserai کاروانسرای انارستان VARIANT names: Anarestan carvanserai , Karavanserail Narestan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Narestan « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabteilungen und einer vor dem inneren Portal in voller Breite des Karavanserails verlaufenden Halle mit Nischen und je einem Raum an der Nordecke und an der Westecke. An der äußeren Front ein angebauter und einmal veränderter Vorbau sowie Rundtürme an den rückwärtigen Ecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 39 × 35 m, Hofabmessungen 12,90 × 12,90 m, Breite der Vorhalle 5 m, [Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two stable sections, and a hall running the full width of the caravanserail in front of the inner portal, featuring niches and a room at each of the north and west corners. An extension, which has been modified at some point, was added to the outer facade, and round towers were located at the rear corners. Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 39 × 35 m, courtyard dimensions 12.90 × 12.90 m, vestibule width 5 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 31 Anjireh brick Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.153257 long 54.477117 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Anjireh Brick Caravanserai کاروانسرای آجری انجیره VARIANT names: Anjirak caravanserai , Anjireh Ajori caravanserai , Anjireh brick Caravanserai , caravanserai Engyra , Karawanenhaltepunkt Robat Andjireh , ※ SOURCE for Anjirak caravanserai « ANJIRAK-ELEV. 4,690'.A caravanserai, with a spring of good water, about 18 miles from Yazd on the road to Biabanak. The sarai is 80 yards square and could hold 400 men. (MacGregor; Gill.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 35 ※ SOURCE for Anjireh Ajori caravanserai «1668-006 Anjireh Ajori Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 9 11.68 E54 28 37.59 1.76 ha 275.74 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for caravanserai Engyra « Früh morgens tra ten wir in der Caravanſeray Engyra ab. [Early in the morning we departed from the Caravanſeray Engyra.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 64 ※ SOURCE for Karawanenhaltepunkt Robat Andjireh « Karawanenhaltepunkt Robat Andjireh (Taf. 8,3.4; 9,1-3) (Abb. 4; 66) (33)Lage: 15 km nordöstlich von Howz-e Djaffar, 32 km südwestlich von Kharanaq, in + 1300 m ü. N. N., an der Ka-rawanenstraße von Yazd nach Tabas und nach Mashhad. Robat Andjireh liegt 30 km östlich Aliabad, an der Haupt-straße Ardakan - Yazd.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Das safavidische bis qadjarische Karavanserail und der vorsafavidische Achteckbau. Dazwischen liegen Lehmziegelruinen, ein Caparkha. neh, ein Wachtturm, ein Quellhaus, Ruinen von Ziegel-öfen und nahe von Quellen die Reste einer Wasserleitung (Abb. 66).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei der östliche Iwan das Treppenhaus in die außerhalb des Kara-vanserails gelegene Zisterne enthält. Sechs Stallabteilungen sind voneinander getrennt und durch einen umlaufenden, zum Hof hin offenen, nur durch Podeste vom Hof ge trennten Umgang zugänglich. An den Ecken stehen runde Türme, über dem Eingang ist eine Kuppel gespannt (Abb. 67).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 68,50 × 62 m, Hofabmessungen 37 × 29 m. Der umlaufende Gang ist 3,40 m breit. Die Kuppel über dem Eingang hat einen Durchmesser von 6 m und ist 8,10 m hoch. Die Eingangsfront erreicht eine Höhe von 7,30 m (Abb. 68), die Hoffassaden sind 6,10 m hoch. Die Zisterne ist 9,40 m tief, wird durch Oberflächenwasser gespeist und besitzt drei Windtürme zur Belüftung (Abb. 68).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5,5 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Zisterne, außerhalb des Karavanserails gelegen, ist nur vom Hof des Karavanserails aus zugänglich. Der Bau ist in gutem Zustand und wird von einer islamischen Einrichtung genutzt. Inschriften: Keine bekannt. Datierung: Spätsafavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn. 33 Die Bauten in Robat Andjireh wurden am 12. und 13-4-1975 und am 25.2.1984 vermessen. [Caravan stop Robat Andjireh (Plates 8,3.4; 9,1-3) (Fig. 4; 66) (33)Location: 15 km northeast of Howz-e Djaffar, 32 km southwest of Kharanaq, at +1300 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Yazd to Tabas and to Mashhad. Robat Andjireh is located 30 km east of Aliabad, on the main road from Ardakan to Yazd.The following can be distinguished at the site: the Safavid to Qajar caravanserai and the pre-Safavid octagonal building. In between lie mud-brick ruins, a caparkha, a watchtower, a spring house, ruins of brick kilns, and, near springs, the remains of an aqueduct (Fig. 66).The Caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, the eastern iwan containing the stairwell to the cistern located outside the caravanserai. Six stable sections are separated from each other and accessible via a surrounding walkway open to the courtyard and separated from it only by landings. Round towers stand at the corners, and a dome is spanned over the entrance (Fig. 67).Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections: 68.50 × 62 m, courtyard dimensions: 37 × 29 m. The surrounding walkway is 3.40 m wide. The dome above the entrance has a diameter of 6 m and is 8.10 m high. The entrance facade reaches a height of 7.30 m (Fig. 68), and the courtyard facades are 6.10 m high. The cistern is 9.40 m deep, is fed by surface water, and has three wind towers for ventilation (Fig. 68).Construction material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The cistern, located outside the caravanserai, is only accessible from the caravanserai courtyard. The building is in good condition and is used by an Islamic institution.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Late Safavid to Qajar.fn. 33 The buildings at Robat Andjireh were surveyed on April 12 and 13, 1975, and on February 25, 1984.] »#1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 48 Anjireh Sangi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.162254 long 54.484079 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Anjireh Sangi Caravanserai کاروانسرای انجیره سنگی VARIANT names: Anjireh Sangi Caravanserai , Robat Andjireh (old) , ※ SOURCE for Anjireh Sangi Caravanserai «1668-007 Anjireh Sangi Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 9 43.96 E54 29 2.54 0.09 ha» online reference link [accessed 08 May 2025] ※ SOURCE for Robat Andjireh (old) « Der Achteckbau:Typ: Unregelmäßiges Oktogon mit vorgezogenem Portalbau und halbrunden Risaliten, die teilweise jüngere Anbauten sind. Der Bau hat vier Stallräume und drei Wohnräume (Abb. 69).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 28,50 × 27,50 m, Hofabmessungen 13,30 × 11,70 m, maximale Höhe des Gebäudes 5,70 m (Abb. 70).Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Ziegel. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark ver-fallen. Inschriften: Keine bekannt. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch, Vorgänger-bau des großen Karavanserails. [The octagonal building:Type: Irregular octagon with a projecting portal and semicircular projections, some of which are later additions. The building has four stables and three living quarters (Fig. 69).Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 28.50 × 27.50 m, courtyard dimensions 13.30 × 11.70 m, maximum building height 5.70 m (Fig. 70).Building material: Rubble stone and brick.Structural features and condition: Very badly dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably pre-Safavid, predecessor of the great caravanserai.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 49 another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) , ※ SOURCE for another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) , ※ SOURCE for another caravanserai was built (Rebelo) « Nous reprimes notre chemin au quart de l'aube et nous arrêtâmes à une source de très bonne eau, près de laquelle on bâtissait un autre caravansérail. [We resumed our journey at quarter to dawn and stopped at a source of very good water, near which another caravanseraiwas built. ] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 115 AqBaba Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.337614 long 49.765401 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye agh baba کاروانسرای آق بابا VARIANT names: AqBaba Caravanserai , Karawanenort Aqa Baba , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenort Aqa Baba « Karawanenort Aqa Baba (Taf. 8,3) bei Qazvin (Abb. 4 und 95) (75)Lage: 25 km nordwestlich von Qazvin, am Wege nach Rasht, an der modernen Asphaltstraße. Hier verläßt der alte Karawanenweg über Kharzan die moderne Straße, um sie bei Pa Cenar (Petchinar) wieder zu erreichen.Typ: Befestigtes Karawanendorf mit architektonisch hervorgehobenem Portal (Abb. 95). Ein solches Dorf bot den Karawanen Unterkunft und Schutz und erübrigte ein geson dertes Karavanserail. fn 75 Aqa Baba wurde am 3. 8. 1981 besucht. [Caravan site Aqa Baba (Plate 8.3) near Qazvin (Figs. 4 and 95) (75)Location: 25 km northwest of Qazvin, on the road to Rasht, on the modern asphalt road. Here, the old caravan route via Kharzan leaves the modern road, only to rejoin it at Pa Cenar (Petchinar).Type: Fortified caravan village with an architecturally prominent gateway (Fig. 95). Such a village offered caravans accommodation and protection, making a separate caravanserai unnecessary.fn 75 Aqa Baba was visited on August 3, 1981.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 58 Aqina : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.13203605 long 65.1930878 VARIANT names: Aqina , ※ SOURCE for Aqina « 2005. AQINA Original: Lat. 37º 080 N, long. 65º 110 E. Map 24. Revised: 37.13203605 N, 65.1930878 E / 37º 070 55.32977676 N, 65º 110 35.11606380 E. Faryāb Province. Some 20–5 km north of Andkhūi beside the new road to the Turkmenistan frontier. Date: 18th cent. (stylistic). Description: A caravanserai and a cistern. A large, baked brick sunken cistern approx. 10 m square, with a domed roof. Access to the water is by the descent of a brick staircase. Similar in style and size to the urban cisterns of the old city of Herat and surrounding area. The remains of a medieval canal lie to the south-east of the cistern, and the broken walls of a caravanserai and other buildings lie to the north and east of the cistern. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 425 Arjanan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.328925 long 53.803877 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Arjanan Caravanserai , Arjanun Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Arjanun Caravanserai « After leaving Maibut the range of snow-covered hills which had fringed our route so far ended, and the temperature became much warmer. The next stage to the good caravanserai of Arjanun was without interest, save that the underground canal, which supplied the water, contained fine fish ten inches long. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 361 Asfak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.033263 long 57.212911 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi esfak | beshroyeh کاروانسرای تاریخی اصفاک | بشرویه VARIANT names: Asfak Caravanserai , Karavanserail Asfak (Esfark) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Asfak (Esfark) « Karavanserail Asfak (Esfark) (Taf. 32,2-33,2) (Abb. 5 und 103) (111)Lage: 28 km östlich von Deh Mohammad, 33 km nordwestlich Boshruiyeh, 30 km südlich des Karavanserails Nignan, am Weg von Tabas nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 55×54m Außenmaße ohne Portalvor-sprung, 31,30 × 27,70 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Por-talbaus etwa 9 m. fn 111 Karavanserail Asfak (Esfark) wurde am 11. 3. 1977 vermessen. [Asfak (Esfark) Caravanserai (Plates 32.2-33.2) (Figs. 5 and 103) (111)Location: 28 km east of Deh Mohammad, 33 km northwest of Boshruiyeh, 30 km south of the Nignan Caravanserai, on the road from Tabas to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a dome over the entrance.Dimensions: 55 × 54 m external dimensions without the portal projection, 31.30 × 27.70 m courtyard dimensions, height of the portal structure approximately 9 m.The Asfak (Esfark) Caravanserai was surveyed on March 11, 1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 72 Asgar'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.827813 long 50.841585 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye asgarabad کاروانسرای عسگرآباد VARIANT names: Asgar'abad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Askerabad , SadrAbad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Askerabad « Karavanserail Askerabad (Taf. 9,3 und 9,4), an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (Abb. 3 und 55) (29)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht in + 880 m ü. N.N., etwa 8 km südlich Manzariyeh, an der Straße nach Qom, 15 km nördlich der Stadt neben der Brücke über den Saveh-Qom-Flufß (Qara Cay).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und seitlichen, durchgehenden, zweischiffigen, zum Hof in Arkaden geöff-neten Stallungen.Abmessungen: 70×67 m Außenmaße, 52 × 50,50 m Hof-abmessungen, Portalhöhe 7 m (Abb. 56).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel 21/21/4,5 cm.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Bauwerk ist teilzerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Spätqadjarisch. fn 29 Das Karavanserail wurde am 20. 12. 1977 im Grundriß und am 30. 1. 1980 im Längsschnitt und im Querschnitt vermessen. [Askerabad Caravanserail (Plates 9.3 and 9.4), on the road from Tehran to Qom (Figs. 3 and 55) (29)Location: The caravanserail is situated at an elevation of 880 m above sea level, approximately 8 km south of Manzariyeh, on the road to Qom, 15 km north of the city, next to the bridge over the Saveh Qom River (Qara Cay).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans and continuous, two-aisled stables on either side, opening onto the courtyard via arcades.Dimensions: 70 × 67 m external dimensions, 52 × 50.50 m courtyard dimensions, portal height 7 m (Fig. 56).Building material: Fired bricks, 21/21/4.5 cm. Structural features and condition: The structure is partially destroyed.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Late Qajar.fn 29 The caravanserail was surveyed in plan on December 20, 1977, and in longitudinal and cross sections on January 30, 1980.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 39 Asiab Chah chaparkhaneh (?) : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.159138 long 51.869972 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Asiab Chah chaparkhaneh (?) , Atiab Shah caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Asiab Chah chaparkhaneh (?) « at 12 miles the chaparkhaneh of Asiab Chah is reached. Here is a mill and a plentiful supply of water. The mill shaft is 10 yards in circumference, and is said by the miller to be 40 feet deep; this is kept full of water from the kariz, which also has an overflow channel with a stream of rapidly flowing water 3 inches deep and 1 foot wide. Supplies practically nil. Post-horses obtainable. The chāpārkānch has just been rebuilt (October 1906) and has half a dozen small rooms for travellers. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 347 ※ SOURCE for Atiab Shah caravanserai « ATIAB SHAH-A small caravanserai between Mahiar and Qumisheh. (Trotter.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 75 Asif Caravanserai of Shah Abbas I : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.837148 long 52.602128 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: approx 60x60m .asef karvansaraye shah ebas ol آصف کاروانسرای شاه عباس اول VARIANT names: Asif Caravanserai of Shah Abbas I , Karavanserail Asaf (Beidha) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Asaf (Beidha) « Karavanserail Asaf (Beidha) (Taf. 14,2-4) (Abb. 5; 138) (99)Lage: Etwa 25 km (Luftlinie) südlich von Pol-e Now, 28 km nördlich Badjgah, in + 1630 m ü. N. N., am Kurzweg von Esfahan nach Shiraz (Abb. 138). Das Karavanserail liegt etwa 3 km südlich des westlichen Endes des rund 4 km lan-gen Damm-Brücken-Damm-Weges (Pol-e Gorg) durch sal-zigen und temporär sumpfigen Talboden (+1625 m ü. Ν. Ν.). Dieser Weg führt die Karawanenstraße von Asaf in Richtung Pol-e Now (100).Der Karawanenhaltepunkt Asaf umfaßt mehrere Bau-ten (Abb. 139), von denen außer dem Karavanserail auch die Reste eines weiteren Karavanserails (Bau 2) vermessen wurden Abb. 140)fn. 99 Das Karavanserail Asaf wurde von D. Huff gefunden und vom Verfasser am 4. 9. 1991 vermessen.fn. 100 AMI 25, 1992, 243 ff. [Asaf Caravanserai (Beidha) (Plate 14,2-4) (Fig. 5; 138) (99)Location: Approximately 25 km (as the crow flies) south of Pol-e Now, 28 km north of Badjgah, at +1630 m above sea level, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz (Fig. 138). The caravanserai is located approximately 3 km south of the western end of the approximately 4 km long dam-bridge-dam route (Pol-e Gorg) through salty and temporarily swampy valley floor (+1625 m above sea level). This route carries the caravan route from Asaf towards Pol-e Now (100).The Asaf caravan stop comprises several buildings (Fig. 139), of which, in addition to the caravanserai, the remains of another caravanserai (Building 2) were surveyed (Fig. 140).fn. 99 The Asaf caravanserai was discovered by D. Huff and surveyed by the author on September 4, 1991.fn. 100 AMI 25, 1992, 243 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 80 Avaj Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.577959 long 49.223075 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi avaj كاروانسرای شاه عباسی آوج VARIANT names: Avaj Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Avadj , ※ SOURCE for Avaj Shah'abbasi Caravanserai « Au pied de cette montagne, il y a vn affez bon bourg à vn bout duquel il y a vn Han, c'eſt à dire vn palais des plus beaux qui ſe puiſſent voir, tant pour ſon eſtenduë, que pour ſes compar-timens baſtis à la moderne. Partant d'A'NA deux heures auant iour, [At the foot of this mountain, there is a fairly good village at one end of which there is a Han, that is to say one of the most beautiful palaces that can be seen, as much for its extent, as for its compartments built in the modern style. Leaving A'NA two hours earlier,] » #3614 unknown ed. M. Morisot, Relations veritables et curieuses de l'isle de Madagascar, et du Bresil. : Auec l'histoire de la derniere guerre faite au Bresil, entre les Portugais et les Hollandois. ; Trois relations d'Egypte, et vne du royaume de Perse, Chez Augustin Courbé, Paris, 1651 ~ p. 126 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Avadj « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und umlaufen-dem Stall. Durch Halbrundtürme befestigt.Abmessungen: Außenmaße, einschließlich der Türme 64,50 x 62,00 m. Hofmaße 32,50 x 31,30 m, Breite der Stallun-gen 4 m. Mauerstärke 1 m. Die Eingangsfront (Abb. 116) ist 5,80 m hoch, der Portalbau erreicht eine Höhe von 7,90 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans and a surrounding stable. Fortified by semicircular towers.Dimensions: External dimensions, including towers, 64.50 x 62.00 m. Courtyard dimensions 32.50 x 31.30 m, stable width 4 m. Wall thickness 1 m. The entrance facade (Fig. 116) is 5.80 m high, and the gatehouse reaches a height of 7.90 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 71 Azizabad : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.72932991 long 68.54262656 VARIANT names: Azizabad , ※ SOURCE for Azizabad « 2008. AZIZABAD Original: Lat. 33º 430 N, long. 68º 310 E. Map 80. Revised: 33.72932991 N, 68.54262656 E / 33º 430 45.58766088 N, 68º 320 33.45562212 E. Ghazni Province. Approximately 20 km north-east of Ghazni just to the east of the main road. Date: Ghaznavid, 11th–12th cent. (stylistic). Description: A caravanserai where a fragment of a Ghaznavid stucco has been found. Source: Site information by A. D. H. Bivar. 2009. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 416 Baba Haji C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Baagì , Baba Haddji , Baba Hadji , Baba Hajees , Baba Haji C. , Baba Hhadji , Babaadgi , Baba-Adgi , Babaghali , Babagi , Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy) , Babbahad-jie , Babe Hasy , Bäwärji-Sarai , Bobba Hodge , Bobbahodge , Bobbaw-hodgee , Bobohogi , Carab-Bajar , Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr) , Carvanfera Babbahasj , Karavanserail Bid Zard , ※ SOURCE for Baagì « On the 21st at the usual hour we began traveling again in a very beautiful plain, in the middle of which we ate at the 24th hour. At the 6th hour of the night we stopped in the caravanserai Baghan (28) after having passed two or three small mountains which are at one end of that plain. fn. 28. Bembo's "Baagi." » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 297 ※ SOURCE for Baba Haddji « den 8. Dez. gereist nach der Karawanserei Baba Haddji (Baba Håddji) 5 Farsach, die schlecht von Feldsteinen erbaut war. [December 8th traveled to the caravanserai Baba Haddji (Baba Håddji) 5 Farsach, which was poorly built of field stones.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Baba Hadji « Je m'arrête à l'étang d'eau douce de Baba Hadji, où, à ma première visite en 1935, j'avais trouvé une multitude énorme d'oiseaux et où l'eau semblait fourmiller de poissons, de reptiles et de batraciens. Cette fois-ci, il n'y a là pas le moindre oiseau et dans l'eau claire je n'aperçois aucune faune macroscopique, mais les jolis nénufars sont en fleurs et ma récolte de Crustacés, péniblement exécutée avec un seul bras, est des plus fructueuses (83, p. 259). [I stop at the fresh water pond of Baba Hadji, where, on my first visit in 1935, I found an enormous multitude of birds and where the water seemed to teem with fish, reptiles and amphibians. This time, there is not the slightest bird there and in the clear water I don't see any macroscopic fauna, but the pretty water lilies are in flower and my harvest of crustaceans, painfully carried out with a single arm, is most fruitful (83, p. 259).] »#3059 K Lindberg, Voyage dans le Sud de l'Iran : carnet de route d'un me´dicin, a` la poursuite du ver de Me´dine., C.W.K. Gleerup, Lund, 1955 ~ p.180 « Laissant à gauche divers villages, nous attei- gnîmes un caravansérail appelé Baba-hadji, près duquel est une source, et où nous nous arrêtâmes pendant une heure pour faire prendre haleine à nos chevaux. A cinquante pas de ce caravansérail, est une cellule où se tient un dervich, qui vit des aumônes des voyageurs. [Leaving on the left various villages, we reached a caravanserai called Baba-hadji, near which is a spring, and where we stopped for an hour to let our horses take breath. Fifty paces from this caravanserai is a cell where a dervish lives, who lives on the alms of travelers.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 463 ※ SOURCE for Baba Hajees « Baba Hajees » in {map#1233 Route Map Shiraz to Bushire round trip, TAYLOR R L Lieutenant-Colonel, 1858, British Library: IOR X/3125, route map 5} ※ SOURCE for Baba Haji C. « The Mahalu mountains were still on our left. Seven miles from Deh-i-Nau, they throw out a low spur, which divides the plain of Shiraz from that of Kavar. It is crossed by a road called Baba Haji's Pass 4 (gardana i Baba Haji), and there is also an easier road which turns the point of the spur, and which is used by the Qawam's carriage, when he takes his drives abroad. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. 77 « BABA HAJI-LAT. 29° 21' N.; LONG. 52° 40' E.; ELEV . A village in Färs, 15 miles from Shiraz, on the road to Firūzabad, from which it is distant 51 miles. A few supplies are procurable here from the nomads, and there is generally some grain stored in the village. Water is derived from a spring. The climate here in summer is said to be cool and refreshing. These distances differ from those given in routes. St. John and Ross describe it as only a caravanserai, 20 miles from Shiraz. There is fruit procurable, Grazing reported good. Supplies easily obtainable in limited quantity from numerous villages in the neighbourhood. A mule track diverges to Sarvistán valley (Wilson-Pelly.) »#2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ p. 177 « Every traveller, with the exception of Hedges, considered Baba Hajji a poor karavansaray. It was situated at the end of the Shiraz plain, which is about twelve leagues in length and, in some places, two leagues in width. Water was not good here. The karavansaray was rather large, but partly dilapidated. It stood alone, was badly constructed of freestone and, in one word was "wretched". It had been named after its founder who was buried close by. It had no good water, though a little beyond the karavansaray there was some to be found. The karavansaray was close to a cluster of seven villages, of which the most populous one contained the karavansaray. In 1717 this last was old, though still a reasonable place for staying the night. According to Hedges, Baba Hajji was situated in a fine, well-watered plain and was wellstored with provisions. (79) fn. 78 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 111 (Pylli Pessa); Speelman, pp. 83-4 (Ousjouael); Fryer, vol. II, p. 209 (the Beggards- Garden called Udgewally); Valentijn, vol. V, p. 284 (Oesiwat; Osiwar); KA 1793, fol. 999 (Oudsjou alla); de Silva y Figueroa, p. 105 (Ochiar). The lake refers to the Darya-i Mahalu, a salt lake, where there was also a karavansaray, p. 351. Jean Aubin (ed. and tr.). L'Ambassade de Gregorio Pereira Fidalgo à la cour de Chah Soltan Hosseyn 1696-1692 (Lisbon, 1971), pp. 42-3 (Uxuan).fn. 79 Stodart, p. 79 (Bobohogi); Thevenot, vol. II. p.127 (Baba- Adgi); Valentijn, vol. V. p. 262 (Babaghasi); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 111 (Baba Haddji); Speelman, p. 83 (Babe Hasy); Herbert, p. 107 (Bobbaw-hodgee); Fryer, vol. II, p. 208 (Bobba Hodge); Strauszens, p. 193 (Dobba); Hedges, p. 207 (Bobba Hadgee); KA 1793, fol. 998b (Bha Bha Hadje); Tavernier, p. 310 (Babaadgi); Winninx, 22 July (Babba Hasi); Chardin, vol. VIII, pp. 461-2 (Babahaagi); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 312 (Babba hadjie); Carmelites, loc. cit. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p.75 ※ SOURCE for Baba Hhadji « Den 4. dito quam zyn Ed: met den dag na 7 mylen rydens, in de Karrawaanfera Baba Hhadji, [Den 4. Dito quam zyn Ed: met den dag na 7 mylen rydens, in de Karrawaanfera Baba Hhadji,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274 « Den 19. dito, na een weg van 4 mylen rydens, en het trekken over de brug Polifaſa, quam zyn Ed: aan de Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji. [On the 19th, after riding four miles and crossing the bridge Polifaſa, his Ed arrived at the Karrawaanſera Baba Hhadji.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Babaadgi « j'arrivai au carvansera appelé Babaadgi. L'eau n'y est pas bonne et est comme tiède, et depuis ce lieu-là on commence à ne sentir plus de froid. [I arrived at the carvansera called Babaadgi. The water there is not good and is like lukewarm, and from there you begin to no longer feel cold.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310 ※ SOURCE for Baba-Adgi « Travelled till half an hour after One a Clock, we came to a wretched Kervanseray flanding all alone; it is called Baba-Adgi from the name of its Founder, who lies buried hard by, and is five Agaisch from Schiras » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 127 ※ SOURCE for Babaghali « en wy namen ons verblyf in tenten by een Karrawanfera Babaghali, zeer eenzaam in 't gebergte ſtaande, nevens klip, en riet land. [and we took up our abode in tents near a Karrawanfera Babaghali, standing very lonely in the mountains, next to a cliff and reed land.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Babagi « Camminammo adunque tutta la notte, e venimmo a fermarci la Domenica 19. nel Cafale di Bagbun, che vuol dire Ortolano, diſtante 30. miglia da Sciras. La giornata ordinaria faria ſtata fino a Babagi 10. miglia più in dietro; però ci avanzammo, come diffi fino a Bagbun, per effer patria de' nuovi Ciarvatari. [So we walked all night, and we came to stop on Sunday 19th in the Cafale di Bagbun, which means Ortolano, 30 miles away from Sciras. The ordinary day would be up to Babagi 10. miles further back; therefore we advanced, as far as Bagbun, to become the homeland of the new Ciarvatari.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 264 ※ SOURCE for Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy) « Je fis cinq lieues, la plupart dans la belle plaine où Chiras est situé, et je fus coucher à un caravanserai, nommé Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy), c'est-à- dire, père pélerin, du nom du fondateur. C'est un méchant gîte, petit et mal entretenu, situé au pied d'une montagne, de laquelle il sort des eaux tièdes, qui sont les seules que l'on puisse avoir en cet endroit-là (1). f. n. 1 Thévenot ajoute pourtant qu'il s'y trouve, un peu plus loin, une source dont l'eau est fort bonne. Il place Bábà Hhadjy à cinq Aghatch de Chyraz. C. Le Bruyn donne la mèrue distance que Chardin. (L-s.) [I traveled five leagues, most of it in the beautiful plain where Chiras is located, and I slept at a caravanserai, named Babahaagi (Baba-hhadjy), that is to say, pilgrim father, named after the founder. It is a nasty lodge, small and poorly maintained, located at the foot of a mountain, from which lukewarm waters come out, which are the only ones that can be had in that place (1). f. not. (1) Thévenot adds, however, that there is a spring there, a little further on, with very good water. He places Bábà Hhadjy five Aghatch from Chyraz. C. Le Bruyn gives the same distance as Chardin. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 459-60 ※ SOURCE for Babbahad-jie « Au milieu de la plaine,proche de ce pont, il y a une montagne feparée de toutes les autres, laquelle nous laiffämes à gauche,arriv?mes à minuit au Caravanserai de Babbahad-jie, à 5. lieuës de Zjie-raes. [In the middle of the plain, and close to this bridge, there is a mountain separated from all the others, which we left on the left, and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Babbahad-jie, 5 leagues from Zjie-raes.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312 ※ SOURCE for Babe Hasy « T'eynde der vlacte (die min dan 7 mijlen breet ende wel soo langh is) sijn noch een mijl over moeyelijke steenachtige bergwegen gereden wesende, ten een uure naer de middagh 8 mijlen van Mossaffry in de rustplactse Babe Hasy (1)fn. 1 Babqa haji (Simla kaart) Papa pelgrim (Mekkaganger). ... [The valley (which is less than 7 miles wide and about as long) has been driven for a mile over difficult stony mountain roads, about an hour after noon, 8 miles from Mossaffry in the resting place Babe Hasy (1) fn. 1 Babqa haji (Simla card) Papa pilgrim (Mecca goer). ...] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 83 ※ SOURCE for Bäwärji-Sarai [This could be a corruption of Baba Haji. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Bobba Hodge « We continued journying all this Night; wherefore the Sun had gilded the Firmament with his Vermilion Red, before we took up at Bobba Hodge (3), Thirty Miles compleat from our last Stage. fn. 3 Baba HajI, lying S.W. of the Daria-i-Mahala lake. “Here the Firuzabad road joins the main Jahrum-Shiraz road” (Wilson, 165). Herbert (132) writes Bobbaw-hodgee; Hedges (i, 207) Bobba Hadgee. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 208 ※ SOURCE for Bobbahodge « Dined here and went away for Shirass, being 5 farsangs, bad way up hills and down ; about the middle of the way in a fine plain is a good caravensaroy. Arrjved at Shirass at 8 at night. 21st [February], being Sunday. Went away for Bobbahodge, 9 farsangs good way. note: Diary of 21 February 1707/8. Bobbahodge. Bâbâ Hâjî. See Tavernier (Persian Travels, p. 251), who calls the place Badaadge; Fryer (II, 208 and n. 3). Le Bruyn stayed at the "Caravanserai of Babba-had-jie, five leagues from Zjie-ras" in August 1704 (II, 64), and again in November 1706 (II, 137), when he calls the place "Babasjie." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47 ※ SOURCE for Bobbaw-hodgee « next day to Pully-pot-ʃhaw (1) (leaving Bobbaw-hodgee on our left hand) fn. 1 This place (like the two preceding ones) has not been identified. The name is evidently Pul-i-Padshah, the bridge of the Emperor'. Herbert's itinerary (see appendix) adds the name of another stage, viz. Emoom (not identified). Clearly the cavalcade did not keep strictly to the usual route. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132 ※ SOURCE for Bobohogi « And when the daye apeered we sett forward and came to Bobohogi [Baba Hajji], a poor caravansero weh standes att the end of the playne of Siras, weh is about 12 lges. in lengthe and in som places 2 lges. in bredth. Here we picht, haueing traveled 6 lges. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p 79 ※ SOURCE for Carab-Bajar « Ohnweit Carab-Bajar traffen wir einen Wald an von lauter Terpentin-Bäumen. [Not far from Carab-Bajar we come across a forest of turpentine trees.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Carawanfera (Struys 05 apr) [no place name given - description used for Route 60 stage 001. PBR] « 2 apr pond teeming with fish near K. » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ p. ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Babbahasj « 8 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384 « 22 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bid Zard « Karavanserail Bid Zard (Abb. 5; 180)(126)Lage: 33 km südlich von Shiraz (Zentrum), 22 km nörd- lich von Kavar und 40 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Ab-e Germ, in + 1490 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom nach Lar und Bandar-e Abbas und an der Straße von Shiraz nach Firuzabad und Bandar-e Taheri (Si- raf).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei- lungen und Halbrundtürmen an den Courtinen und Gebäu- deecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 51 x 48,30 m, Hofabmessun- gen 30,30 x 24,30 m, Höhe der Hoffronten 5,20 m, Höhe ein- schließlich Obergeschoß 9,60 m (Abb. 181).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Relativ gut er- halten, landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Bid Zard Caravanserai (Fig. 5; 180)(126)Location: 33 km south of Shiraz (center), 22 km north of Kavar and 40 km northwest of the Ab-e Germ Caravanserai, at + 1490 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz via Djahrom to Lar and Bandar-e Abbas and on the road from Shiraz to Firuzabad and Bandar-e Taheri (Si-raf).Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections and semicircular towers on the courtyards and building corners.Dimensions: external dimensions 51 x 48.30 m, courtyard dimensions 30.30 x 24.30 m, height of courtyard fronts 5.20 m, height including upper floor 9.60 m (Fig. 181).Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: relatively well preserved, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 101 Baba Qodrat Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.271808 long 59.619552 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye baba ghodrat کاروانسرای بابا قدرت VARIANT names: Baba Qodrat Caravansary , Oozbeck caravanserai (?) , ※ SOURCE for Oozbeck caravanserai (?) « February 4th, I repaired to the bazar, along with the meerza, to make enquiry respecting the departure of caravans for Bockhara; and at the Oozbeck caravanserai we learnt that there was then in the city a cāfilah, which had been detained for some time by indefinite rumours of dangers on the road, but which it was believed would now depart in a week. We came at once to the resolution of accompanying it. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 478 Babakhani caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.065488 long 50.48415 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi babakhani کاروانسرای تاریخی باباخانی VARIANT names: Babakhani caravansary , Badasht Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.424647 long 55.050614 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye badsht کاروانسرای بدشت VARIANT names: Badasht Caravanserai , Bidasht caravanserai , Budusht caravanserai , Karavanserail Bedasht , ※ SOURCE for Bidasht caravanserai « BIDASHT-LAT. 36° 25' 35"; LONG. 55° 2' 15"; ELEV. 4,316'.-(Lemm.)A village in the Zirustak sub-district of Shahrül-Bastām in Khorāsān, 44 miles from Shahrüd, on the road to Meshed. It is a large walled village of 150 houses inhabited by Arabs, who settled in the country, it is said, during the khalifat of Bani 'Abbās. They have lost their language and distinctive type. The village and the neighbouring bamlet of Sa'adabad are watered by a fine qanāt, with a stream flowing through an avenue of trees. It is sufficient to supply a large force. There is a post-house, and the ruins of an old fort and caravanserai built in A. H. 1055 in the village. (Napier; Stewart; Schindler.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 80 ※ SOURCE for Budusht caravanserai « Budusht, a village about four miles further on, where there is a large caravanserai, and where cafilahs of any large size prefer remaining on account of the facility of grazing their camels in the plains around. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 321 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bedasht « Karavanserail Bedasht am Stadtrand von Shahrud (Taf. 33,4) (Abb. 7 und 197)91Lage: Am südöstlichen Stadtrand von Shahrud (Bedash ist in Shahrud eingemeindet), in + 1250 m ü.N.N., an de alten Khorassanstraße gelegen, etwa 33 km nordöstlich vun Karavanserail Deh Molla. Die alte Karawanenstraße, erwy der Bahnlinie entsprechend, führt im Süden an Shahrud (ji gere Ortsanlage) vorbei. » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 108 Badini small caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: about 11x11m 50m southeast of the bigger caravanserai VARIANT names: Badini small caravanserai , Karavanserail Bad Ney [2] , ※ SOURCE for Badini small caravanserai « Dans la vallée que nous suivons, quelques arbres dominent une multitude infinie de ron- ces. Après une heure et demie de marche sur un chemin caillouteux, on trouve deux caravansérails délabrés. Vis-à-vis sont trois citerres, dont deux de forme circulaire, et la troisième en berceau. [In the valley we are following, a few trees dominate an infinite multitude of brambles. After an hour and a half of walking on a stony path, we come across two dilapidated caravanserais. Opposite are three cisterns, two of which are circular and the third is barrel-shaped.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 430 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bad Ney [2] « Karavanserail Bad Ney [2] (Baha ed Din) (Abb. 5; 259) (181)Lage: 17 km östlich von Cahar Berkeh, 9 km westlich des Karavanserails Ceki, in +600 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein qadjarisches Kara-vanserail, heute eine Gendarmeriestation, ein safavidisches Pavillon-Karavanserail und vier Zisternen (Abb. 259). [2] Das safavidische Karavanserail:Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail mit erhöhter Zentralkup-pel und außen umlaufender Bank sowie vier iwanartig be-tonten Eingängen in den Achsen. Die vier Eckräume sind nur von außen betretbar (Abb. 260).fn 181 Die Gebäude von Bad Ney wurden am 4. 12. 1984 vermessen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die umlaufenden Bänke 10,40 x 10,40 m, Höhe des Kuppelraumes 5,30 m, Fas-sadenhöhe 3,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Die beiden wohl safavidischen Kuppel-Zisternen haben innere Durchmesser von 7,80 m und 7,90 m, sowie Höhen von 5,80 und 4,50 m (Tiefen jeweils ca. 6 m) (Abb. 261). Die abgerundete, rechteckige Zisterne (Abb. 262) hat eine Länge von 12,80 m und ist 5 m breit. Die Höhe beträgt 2,20 m über dem Boden. Innen ist der Bau 6,20 m tief. Er dürfte in qadja-rischer Zeit erbaut sein. [Bad Ney Caravanserail [2] (Baha ed Din) (Fig. 5; 259) (181)Location: 17 km east of Cahar Berkeh, 9 km west of the Ceki Caravanserail, at an elevation of 600 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas.At the site, the following can be distinguished: a Qajar caravanserail, now a gendarmerie station, a Safavid pavilion caravanserail, and four cisterns (Fig. 259).[2] The Safavid caravanserail:Type: Pavilion caravanserail with a raised central dome and a surrounding bench, as well as four iwan-like entrances in the axes. The four corner rooms can only be accessed from the outside (Fig. 260). fn 181 The buildings of Bad Ney were surveyed on December 4, 1984.Dimensions: External dimensions without the surrounding benches 10.40 x 10.40 m, height of the domed chamber 5.30 m, facade height 3.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The two domed cisterns, likely Safavid in origin, have internal diameters of 7.80 m and 7.90 m, and heights of 5.80 m and 4.50 m (depths approximately 6 m each) (Fig. 261). The rounded, rectangular cistern (Fig. 262) is 12.80 m long and 5 m wide. The structure stands 2.20 m tall above ground level. Inside, it is 6.20 m deep. It is likely to have been built during the Qajar period.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 141 Baghche Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.979568 long 59.597986 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye baghcheh کاروانسرای باغچه VARIANT names: Baghche Caravanserai , Bagh-e Babur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.502326 long 69.15631 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bagh-e Babur Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Bagh-e Babur Caravanserai «Bagh-e Babur Restoration: Caravanserai Kabul, Afghanistan» online reference link [accessed 04 Jun 2026] Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah) , Baſiga , caravanserai (Bembo) , ※ SOURCE for Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah) « Ce jour-là, 7, je partis de Laar sur les trois heures du soir, par le faubourg qu'on appelle Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah), c'est-à-dire, lieu de tribut, parce que les gardes des chemins y ont un petit bureau, vis-à-vis d'un grand caravanserai, où ils prennent leurs droits sur toutes les marchandises qu'on transporte. [That day, 7, I left Laar at three o'clock in the evening, through the suburb called Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah), that is to say, place of tribute, because the guards of the roads have a small office there, opposite a large caravanserai, where they take their rights on all the goods that are transported. ] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 486-7 « Diese Konzentration von Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar, zu denen vermutlich auch ein heute nicht mehr existierendes Karavanserail, welches sich nach Chardin in Bags-Gae einer südlichen Vorstadt von Lar, befand, (6) gehörte ist nicht verwunderlich, liegt die Stadt doch etva in Zentrum der Verstrecke von Bender Abbas nach Jahrom, einem Weg, der auf Grund seiner Xlimabedin unmen, seiner Anfälligkeit für Überfälle und seiner Wasserlosigkeit bei den europäischen Reisenden des 17. 18. Jhts, bekannt und gefürchtet war. [This concentration of caravanserails in the city of Lar, which probably also included a caravanserail that no longer exists today and which was located in Bags-Gae, a southern suburb of Lar, according to Chardin, (6) is not surprising, as the city is located approximately Center of the route from Bender Abbas to Jahrom, a route that was known and feared by European travelers of the 17th and 18th centuries due to its Xlimabedin unmen, its susceptibility to raids and its lack of water.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ p. 2 ※ SOURCE for Baſiga « Wy trokken voorby de Karrawanſera's Baſiga, en Sargab, [We passed by the Karrawanſeras Baſiga, and Sargab,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai (Bembo) « Our lodging was in a new caravanserai outside the city, although it was not well built. There were many gardens all around, and there I found melons and watermelons that did not seem to us to be very good and not better than the ones in Kong. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 293 Bahadoran Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.337999 long 54.906494 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bacpehedran کاروانسرای بهادران VARIANT names: Bahadoran Caravanserai , Bahramabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Bahramabad , Rafsanjan , Rafsinjan , رفسنجان , VARIANT names: Bahramabad , Rafsandjan , Unas , ※ SOURCE for Bahramabad « ["The province Kerman is still rich in turquoises. The mines of Páríz or Párez are at Chemen-i-mó-aspán, 16 miles from Páríz on the road to Bahrámábád (principal place of Rafsinján), and opposite the village or garden called Gód-i-Ahmer. These mines were worked up to a few years ago; the turquoises were of a pale blue. Other turquoises are found in the present Bardshir plain, and not far from Mashíz, on the slopes of the Chehel tan mountain, opposite a hill called the Bear Hill (tal-i-Khers). » #2066 Yule, Henry, Sir, The book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian : concerning the kingdoms and marvels of the East, J. Murray, London, 1903, ~ vol. 1 p. 92 note. 2 « We put up our tents inside the rooms, and when we had settled in, our Yezd acquaintance arrived to dinner, as the floods had delayed him on his journey to Kerman. He told us that from the roof of the Bahramabad caravanserai he had seen houses collapsing one after another around him, and the drainage channel was turned into a roaring torrent some thirty yards wide, sweeping away everything in its course. » #1630 Sykes, Ella C., Through Persia on a side-saddle, A. D. Innes and Co Ltd, 1898, ~ p. 77 « 9th April, Bahramabad, 8 farsakhs ; 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. We had eight farsakhs to march next day. The road descends the bed of the river, winding among the mountain-tops, and passes three villages at twelve, fourteen, and sixteen miles from God-i-Ahmar. At the last village we breakfasted, overlooking the Rafsinjan plain, which was simmering and shimmering in the hot air. The rest of the march was one long descent towards Bahramabad ... It was a long sixteen miles to Bahramabad. We sought quarters in the Persian telegraph-office, but it was too small, so we took the post-house (chaparkhana) instead. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 191 « We spent two days in a garden near Bahramabád, the chief town of Rafsinján (1) and, after being royally entertained, I said good-bye to His Highness, fn. 1 Khafájai are the only nomads in the district, numbering sixty families. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 77 « The night was quite chilly and the march very tedious, and even when soon after dawn we sighted Bahrámábád, a weary length of wilfully sinuous and serpentine road remained to be traversed ere we finally alighted at the post-house . » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 425 ※ SOURCE for Rafsandjan RAFSANDJAN, a town of Kirman province, central Persia (lat. 30° 25' N., long. 56° 00' E., altitude 1,572 m/5,156 ft.), situated on the Yazd road 120 km/74 miles to the west of Kirman city. It is the cheflieu of a shahrastan or district of the same name. Known also as Bahramabad, in 1991 it had an estimated population of 87,798 (Preliminary results of September 1991 census, Statistical Centre of Iran, Population Division). Bahramabad is a considerable town of 4,000 houses, fairly clean, and evidently thriving. The caravan- serai was a good one, the rooms having for the first time, if I remember rightly, doors and windows; ※ SOURCE for Unas « The town of Rudan, with Unas (also known as Bahramabad) and Aban, was situated in a northern extension of the Kerman oasis which, nevertheless was considered part of Istakhr kurah during this period. » #3094 Donald Whitcomb, Trade and Tradition In Medieval Southern Iran - Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1979 ~ p. 113 « To sum up, during Sassanian times the northern desert fringe of both Fars and Kirman was being systematically colonized, and the process may well have included the founding, or at least the enlargement, of the whole string of small qanat-oases in northern Kirman: Zarand, Rafsandjan, Bafq, etc.(6) fn. 6. Yaqut (tr.: 285) calls Zarand an "old town", a designation which usually means pre-Muslim. From the distances given in the geographical literature Le Strange (1905: 286) would identify Rafsandjan, previously Bahramabad, with the medieval town of Unas (see also Schwarz: 224). It might also be a case of successive settlements. The name "Bahramabad" appears from the end of the 14th century (Samarkandi tr.,: 113f). Also Kuh-bunan (between Bafq and Ravar) is sometimes listed as a Sassanian founding (Tomaschek, 1883: 605). 3112 pp. 179-181 ch 14 A parallel can be made with the small town of Unas. The name has also disappeared, but the actual settlement must be either identical with or succeeded by Bahramabad /Rafsandjan.(44)fn. 44 Cf. above p. 181, note 6. » #3112 Peter Christensen, The Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environment in the Middle East, 500 bc–ad 1500, Bloomsbury Publishing Limited, London, 2015 ~ p. 113 Bajgah caravansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bafigaar Kar??wanfera , Bajgah caravansarai , caravasar , Karavanserail Badjgah , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Bajgah) , ※ SOURCE for Bafigaar Kar??wanfera Den 1. November zyn wy tot Bafigaar gekomen. Daar is een flordige Kar??wanfera. Voor den ingang tlaat een vierkante watertank, dog ten deelen vervallen. Digt daar by, daar zyu Ed: tent ttond, was een fontein, door de rots opborlende, dat aangenaam om te sien was, en diens water koel om te drinken was. [On November 1st we arrived at Bafigaar. There is a flourishing Karwanfera. Before the entrance stands a square water tank, though partly in ruins. Nearby, where Ed's tent stood, was a fountain bubbling up through the rock, which was pleasant to look at, and its water was cool to drink.] ※ SOURCE for Bajgah caravansarai « Beyond this it passes over several ranges of rounded stony hills, through which the gradients are easy, and the track broad and stony, and crossing an uncultivated valley, reaches the Bajgah caravansarai at 11 miles, a masonry building, with a tank supplied with good running water. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 191 « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 ※ SOURCE for caravasar « Caminaronse aquella tarde, y hasta las ocho ó nueue de la noche, tres leguas pequeñas, con luna muy clara, haziendo jornada en un caravasar medio derribado, aunque, sigun sus rruinas, mostraua bien su mucha capaçidad, con grandes bouedas á todas partes, de las quales auia algunas enteras con otras menores, pero todas muy suzias por recogerse dentro dellas los camellos y otros jumentos de las carauanas. [They walked that afternoon, and until eight or nine at night, three short leagues, with a very clear moon, making their way to a caravanserai that was half demolished, although, judging by its ruins, it showed its great capacity, with large vaults everywhere, some of which were whole and others smaller, but all very dirty because the camels and other donkeys of the caravans were kept inside them.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 368 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Badjgah « Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 × 62 m, Hofabmessun-gen 49 × 34 m, Höhe des Kuppelportals 7,70 m. Der Portal-bau ist in seiner Außenfassade 7,70 m hoch, die Hoffronten maximal 6,30 m (Abb. 124).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 x 22 x 5 cm) und Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist teil-restauriert, aber stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit, im 17. Jahrhundert errichtet. [Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 65 × 62 m, courtyard dimensions 49 × 34 m, height of the domed portal 7.70 m. The portal structure is 7.70 m high on its exterior facade, the courtyard facades a maximum of 6.30 m (Fig. 124).Building material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5 cm) and rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The building is partially restored but in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built during the Safavid period, in the 17th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 72 Bakwa serai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.24191 long 62.947306 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: 85x78m to be confirmed VARIANT names: Bakwa serai , ※ SOURCE for Bakwa serai « Bakwa serai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Afghanistan:, , , David Rumsey Map Collection fig. Farah I-41 U 1942} Bala C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bala C. , Biri Bala , Sera 't Surgou , ※ SOURCE for Bala C. « Le 20, un froid pénétrant se faisait sentir. A sept heures du matin nous commençâmes à marcher. Le chemin était rocailleux, et bordé de canaux souterrains. Après une farseng, nous nous arrêtons quelques instans dans un caravansérail appelé Bala, placé entre deux citernes en berceau. Un chemin inégal et mon- tueux nous conduit à un ravin. [On the 20th, a penetrating cold was felt. At seven o'clock in the morning we began to walk. The path was rocky, and bordered by underground canals. After a farseng, we stopped for a few moments in a caravanserai called Bala, placed between two barrel cisterns. An uneven and hilly path led us to a ravine.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 432 « The road now slopes very gently towards the N. At 3½ miles the ruined caravansarai of Biri Bālā is passed, ½ a mile to the N. of the road; water from one open cistern; grazing fair; supplies nil. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 170 ※ SOURCE for Biri Bala « Biri Bala (in ruins) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} ※ SOURCE for Sera 't Surgou « 19en 'smorgens ontrent ½ vijff, wen met Sijn Edele weder te peert saten en bij goeden tredt naer drie mijlen rijdens de Sera 't Surgou (4), welke vol reysigers lagh, voorbij gereden en daarontrent wat ontbeten hebbende, is weynigh daaraan den tolkfn. 4 Sarkh-o?, 1. e. Roodwater Bij Petter vindt men Sargab (ab= water, wordt in vele streken van het Z. van Perzië door de landlieden • uitgesproken). Tavernier geeft het als Tcherkab, Chardin: Chercoff. [19 and around half past five in the morning, we sat down again with His Honor and, with good pace, drove past three miles of the Sera 't Surgou (4), which was full of travelers, and having had some breakfast there, the interpreter is almost there. fn. 4 Sarkh-o?, 1. e. Redwater Near Petter one finds Sargab (ab= water, pronounced by farmers in many regions of southern Persia). Tavernier gives it as Tcherkab, Chardin: Chercoff.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 44 Baladein Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.03401 long 54.581547 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye boldin کاروانسرای بلدین VARIANT names: Baladein Caravanserai , Bampan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bampan , Berkei Dobend , Bonko Bonpaan , Borka bon paan , caravanserai on the left , ※ SOURCE for Bampan « Bampan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « The ground, stony, and sparsely covered with thin dried up yellow grass, kanar, and furze bush, slopes always south-easterly, and for the next 4 miles 6 furlongs is crossed continually by a succession of small and very shallow water-courses, all of which are dry, and in most cases appear to be worn by mere surface drainage to the river Shur. At 4 miles 2 furlongs we pass the ruins of a caravanserai, named "Bampan," and two or three cisterns, the latter containing no water. The hills, on the south side of the valley, are now distant from the road about 2 or 3 miles. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 30 « Pas Par Dalan 8¾ m. General direction W.-N.-W. At 2½ miles the ruined caravanserai and dry cisterns of Bampan. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 32 « BAMPAN-LAT. 27° 17' N.; LONG. 55° 11' E.; ELEV.A ruined serai, and 3 cisterns (all dry in March 1907), 2½ miles west of Jihün on the Bandar 'Abbās-Lär road. No population. (Wilson and Cruickshank, 1907.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt 1 A-K p. 125 « At 4 miles 2 furlongs we pass the ruins of a caravanserai, named "Bampan," and two or three cisterns, the latter containing no water. The hills, on the south side of the valley, are now distant from the road about 2 or 3 miles. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 30 « At 24 miles ruined caravansarai and dry cisterns of Bampan. The road crosses some water courses, flowing S.-E., and becomes steeper and stonier as the hills to the N. are approached. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 166 ※ SOURCE for Berkei Dobend « We parted frotu thence Monday the fixth of April, half an hour after Midnight; at firſt, for above an hour we had very bad ftony way, but it proved pretty good afterward; about two in the Morning we paſſed by a little covered Kervanferay, called Berkei Dobend, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 133 [from Tenghidalan 1.5 hrs at 4 km/hr ≃ 6 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Bonko Bonpaan « Den 11. dito. Ten 2 uuren 's nachts weder vertrokken zynde, quam zyn Ed. een uur na zonsopgang aan de ruft-plaats Bonko Bonpaan, zynde 1 myl verder, dan Gioen. [On the 11th ditto. Having left again at 2 o'clock in the morning, his Ed. arrived an hour after sunrise at the resting place Bonko Bonpaan, which is 1 mile further than Gioen.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 pp. 272-3 ※ SOURCE for Borka bon paan « Den 7. na 6 mylen over een ſteenagtigen weg gereden te hebben; quam zyn Ed: in de Karrawaanſera Borka bon paan. [The 7th, after having driven 6 miles over an eighty-eighty road; quam zyn Ed: in the Karrawaanſera Borka bon paan.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai on the left « Die letzten Meilen waren wegen der Menge der Bäume und Kräuter gar lustig, 1½ Farsach zu einer Karawanserei links, [The last miles were quite fun because of the amount of trees and herbs, 1½ farsach to a caravanserai on the left,] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 123 Baqam Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.154106 long 52.2582 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bagham کاروانسرای بغم VARIANT names: Baqam Caravanserai , Karavanserail Bahram (Baqam) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bahram (Baqam) « Karavanserail Bahram (Baqam) (Taf. 26,1) (Abb. 12;221)Lage: 30 km südlich Ardestan, am Weg von Ardestan nach Esfahan, in +1980 m ü.N.Ν.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, dreiseitig um-laufendem Stallgang, später hinzugefügten runden Ecktür-men und vorgezogenem Portalbau.fn 121 Siroux, Anciennes voies..., 128 ff. - Die Frontansicht wurde am 23. 2. 1984 eingemessen. [Bahram (Baqam) Caravanserail (Plate 26.1) (Figs. 12; 221)Location: 30 km south of Ardestan, on the road from Ardestan to Isfahan, at an elevation of 1980 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, a three-sided surrounding stable passage, later added round corner towers, and a projecting entrance hall.See 121 Siroux, Anciennes voies..., pp. 128 ff. - The front view was surveyed on February 23, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 111 Baqerabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Baqerabad , باقر آباد , VARIANT names: Bagher-abad , Baqerabad , Station Bagherabad , ※ SOURCE for Bagher-abad « Bagher-abad (site 35)» in {map#1345 in #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ fig. Carte II Anciennes Routes vers Ispahan} ※ SOURCE for Station Bagherabad « Station Bagherabad (Taf. 12,2.3) (Abb. 12; 95)(67)Lage: 32 km nördlich von Esfahan (Zentrum), in +1680 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Murcehkhort.Typ: Einem hallenartigen Stallgebäude und drei Gast-räumen ist ein auf drei Seiten umbauter Hof vorgelagert. Der hallenartige Gebäudeteil hat Ähnlichkeit mit der Station nördlich von Murcehkhort am Wege zum Karavanserail Vandadeh und wie diese einen Turmaufbau hier aber ist das Obergeschoß vom Gebäudeinnern zugänglich. Abmessungen: 61,60 x 22,40 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 20,50 x 14,70m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus 4,70 m und des Turmaufbaus 8,70 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Turmaufbau übernimmt wieder die Funktion eines Karawanenrichtpunk-tes (Mil). Das Gebäude ist stark beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit, im 19. Jahrhundert, erbaut.fn 67 Siroux, Anciennes voies..., 192f. - Die Ruine wurde am 7. 9. 1991 neu vermessen. [Bagherabad Station (Plate 12.2.3) (Figs. 12; 95) (67)Location: 32 km north of Esfahan (city center), at 1680 m above sea level, on the Esfahan–Murcehkhort route.Type: A hall-like stable building and three guest rooms are fronted by a courtyard enclosed on three sides. The hall-like section of the building is similar to the station north of Murcehkhort on the road to the Vandadeh caravanserai and, like that station, has a tower structure; however, here the upper floor is accessible from inside the building.Dimensions: 61.60 x 22.40 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 20.50 x 14.70 m courtyard dimensions, height of the portal building 4.70 m and of the tower structure 8.70 m.Building material: Clay construction. Structural features and condition: The tower structure once again serves as a caravan reference point (Mil). The building is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built during the Qajar period, in the 19th century.fn 67 Siroux, Anciennes voies..., 192f. - The ruin was resurveyed on September 7, 1991.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 52 BaqerAbad Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.93033 long 50.823445 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: BaqerAbad Caravansary , Station Baqerabad , ※ SOURCE for Station Baqerabad « Station Baqerabad an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom(Abb. 3 und 54)Lage: Die Station liegt in + 990 m ü. N.N., 22 km süd-lich Kushk-e Nosrat, südlich der Senke des Salzsees von Qom. Hier schneidet eine Querverbindung von Qal'eh Sangi Kadj und Karavanserail Sadrabad nach Karavanserail Reza Abad und Saveh die Route Teheran-Qom.Typ: Station mit Wohnhof, Stallhof und Verteidigungs-turm.Abmessungen: 29,50 x 18 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprung).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist verfallen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: In qadjarischer Zeit entstanden, Ende 19. Jahrhundert. [Baqerabad Station on the Tehran-Qom Road(Figs. 3 and 54)Location: The station is situated at an elevation of 990 m above sea level, 22 km south of Kushk-e Nosrat, south of the Qom Salt Lake depression. Here, a connecting road from Qal'eh Sangi Kadj and the Sadrabad Caravanserai to the Reza Abad and Saveh Caravanserai intersects the Tehran-Qom route.Type: Station with a residential courtyard, stable yard, and defensivetower.Dimensions: 29.50 x 18 m external dimensions (excluding the towerprojection).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The building is derelict.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Constructed during the Qajar period, late 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 39 Barayjan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.004595 long 53.056162 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: کاروانسرای برایجان Barayejan caravanserai VARIANT names: Barayjan caravanserai , Berayjan (Asmanjerd) Caravanserai , Karavanserail Ali Abad (Gasun) , ※ SOURCE for Barayjan caravanserai « Hinter der Karawanserei jenseits des Stromes liegt ganz im Grünen das Dorf Baradjun (Barasdjân). [Behind the caravanserai across the river lies the village of Baradjun (Barasdjân), surrounded by greenery.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Berayjan (Asmanjerd) Caravanserai « karvansaraye barayejan (asmanjerd) کاروانسرای برایجان (آسمانجرد) » ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ali Abad (Gasun) « Karavanserail Ali Abad (Gasun) (Taf. 22,1) (Abb. 5; 186)Lage: 27 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Ab-e Germ, 27 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Aseman Gerd, an ei- nem alten Übergang über den Rudkhaneh Mand, an der Hauptkarawanenstraße von Shiraz nach Djahrom, Lar und Bandar-e Abbas sowie an einer Querverbindung von Firu- zabad (Firuz Abad) nach Sarvestan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail, weitere Angaben sind nicht möglich.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Caravanserail Ali Abad (Gasun) (Plate 22.1) (Fig. 5; 186)Location: 27 km southeast of the Ab-e Germ caravanserail, 27 km northwest of the Aseman Gerd caravanserail, at an old crossing over the Rudkhaneh Mand, on the main caravan road from Shiraz to Djahrom, Lar and Bandar-e Abbas and at a cross-connection from Firuzabad (Firuz Abad) to Sarvestan.Type: Hofkaravanserail, no further information is possible.Dating: Probably Qajarian, 19th century. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 104 Bard e Shiraz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 30.667369 long 53.712399 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Heritage Place - EAMENA-0265143 VARIANT names: Bard e Shiraz Caravanserai , Bard-e Shiraz Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Bard e Shiraz Caravanserai EAMENA-0265143 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Bard-e Shiraz Caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 « Bard-e Shiraz caravanserai is located in Bavanat county of Fars province in the south of Iran (fig 1). This caravanserai is located in a desert landscape where there are Bavanat mountains on the south side and the desert on the northeast side; today the closest city to it is the city of Bavanat. Khan Khore Caravanserais are located 58 kilometers northwest and Zainuddin Caravanserais 125 kilometers northeast of this building. Since there is no city or village between Zainuddin Caravanserai and Bard-e Shiraz, and due to the long distance, there was probably a caravanserai between these two. People from the eastern parts like Yazd have planned to go to Shiraz or the Persian Gulf and have rested in this caravanserai. The above caravanserai is a type of caravanserai outside the city, which is located on the road between Yazd and Shiraz. The water of the caravanserai is supplied by the Kariz that is located next to it, and there is also a bathroom to the north of it. The above building has a square plan with dimensions of 40 × 40 meters and its area is 1600 m2. » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 488 Barkeh-ye Soltan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Barkeh-ye Soltan caravanserai , Berkei Soltonni , Berkei Soltonni , Birkeh Sultan , Birkeh Sultan , Birkeh Sultan Caravanserai , Borké-Soltoún , Karavanserail Berkeh Sultan , KM014 (Gaube) , S. Berkei Soltani , small Karrawanſera (Valentyn) , Soultany , ※ SOURCE for Berkei Soltonni « We parted from thence about half an hour after one a Clock in the Morning: during a large quarter of an hour we had bad flony way, and about half an hour after five we paffed by a little covered Kervanferay, called Berkei Soltonni; » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 134 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Sultan « Birkeh Sultan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} «014 (km) | S. Berkei Soltani (Thévenot) | S. Birkeh Sultan (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « BIRKEH SULTAN LAT. 27° 14' N.; LONG. 55° 37' E., ELEV. 95 .A halting place seven stages from Bandar 'Abbas, on the caravan route to Lar. (Pelly.) A caravanserai in Läristän, 17 miles from Bandar 'Abbas, on the road to Lar. It is supplied with good water from 3 cisterns, one of which is in bad repair. Plenty of camel grazing is procurable. At this point the road to Rüdar, Avin, Gishü Güniz and Lilang, via the Tang-i-Rüdar, diverges. The hills to the north are crossed by two passes the Tang-i-Rüdar and the Tang-i-Kishidari-lying respectively north-north-west and north-west from the caravanserai. (Butcher, 1888-Shakespear, 1905-Wilson and Cruikshank, 1907.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt A- K p. 174 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Sultan « Since passing Kishidari caravanserai the rond has been very stony, over hard gravel scantily clothed with dried up yellow grass in scattered patches. At 14 miles 1 furlong we arrive at the caravanserai, and two large cisterns of Birkeh Sultan, the latter being full of good water. Altitude above sea, 97 feet. … Note. From Birkeh Sultan a narrow pass, Tang Rahdari (pronounced Rowdari), through the spur Kishi, bears N. by W.¼ W. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 33 [site located using the bearing from Tang Rahdari. PBR] « At 4½ miles is the sarai of Birkeh Sultan, and two cisterns (dry in March 1907); fuel from scrub; » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 164 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Sultan Caravanserai « At 14 miles 1 furlong we arrive at the caravanserai, and two large cisterns of Birkeh Sultan, the latter being full of good water. Altitude above sea, 97 feet. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1888 ~ p. 33 ※ SOURCE for Borké-Soltoún « Après avoir fait reposer nos chevaux et pris des fourrages, nous, nous remîmés en route, en suivant toujours la même vallée. Une heure après, nous nous arrêtâmes dans un caravansérail nommé Borké-Soltoún, à côté duquel est une citerne couverte. [After resting our horses and taking fodder, we set off again, always following the same valley. An hour later, we stopped at a caravanserai called Borké-Soltoún, next to which is a covered cistern.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 424 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Berkeh Sultan « Karavanserail Berkeh Sultan (Taf. 26,4) (Abb. 7; 221) (108)Lage: 8 km westlich Berkeh Seta, 11 km östlich von Karavanserail Keshehdari (Kishideri/Keshidan), in +70 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail mit rechteckigem Grund- riß, Kreuzform mit vier Eckräumen ist beibehalten und die Kuppel über der Vierung sowie das Westportal betont.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 12,80 x 10,80 m, Gebäu- dehöhe 4,50 m.[Karavanserail Berkeh Sultan (Plate 26.4) (Fig. 7; 221) (108) Location: 8 km west of Berkeh Seta, 11 km east of Karavanserail Keshehdari (Kishideri/Keshidan), at +70 m above sea level. N.N., on the way from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. Type: Pavilion-caravanserail with a rectangular floor plan, a cross shape with four corner rooms is retained and the dome over the crossing and the west portal are emphasized. Dimensions: external dimensions 12.80 x 10.80 m, building height 4.50 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ pp. 123-4 ※ SOURCE for KM014 (Gaube) « KM 014: Westlich von Qaleh-ye Parü treten die Berge enger zusammen, der Weg steigt an und führt durch ein ausgedehntes Geröllfeld. Hier liegen bei KM 014 eine kleine, aus Feldsteinen errichtete, außen wie innen verputzte Karavanenstation (Fig. 3) und zwei Zisternen. Sie ist die erste Anlage des "Cahar-Taq "-Typs auf unserer Strecke. Ihre Außenmaße betragen ca. 11 mxt1 m. Vier kreuz- förmig angeordnete spitze Tonnengewölbe treffen sich unter einer Kuppel. [KM 014: West of Qaleh-ye Parü the mountains become closer together, the path climbs and leads through an extensive scree field. Here, at KM 014, there is a small caravan station made of field stones and plastered inside and out (Fig. 3) and two cisterns. It is the first facility of the "Cahar-Taq" type on our route. Its external dimensions are approx. 11 mxt1 m. Four pointed barrel vaults arranged in a cross shape meet under a dome.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ pp. 39-40 « (Good water in cisterns) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} ※ SOURCE for S. Berkei Soltani «014 (km) | S. Berkei Soltani (Thévenot) | S. Birkeh Sultan (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for small Karrawanſera (Valentyn) « Wy trokken voorby een kleine Karrawanſera, daar eenige Benjaanen bleven. [We passed a small Karrawanſera, where some Benjaans remained.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Soultany « et trois heures plus loin nous nous arrêtons au caravansérail de Soultany, sans habitants; [and three hours later we stop at the caravanserai of Soultany, without inhabitants;] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 533 Barmeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Barmeh , Birmey , ※ SOURCE for Barmeh « BARMEH A ruined village, 87¼ miles east of Bushire on the road to Firuzabad. Near by are the ruins of a large caravanserai, almost buried in the sand. (Stotherd, 1893) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 1 p. 148 « Barmeh » in {map#1085 Series 1404 World 1:500,000, Great Britain War Office and Air Ministry, 1958-, 1958, The Perry-Castañeda Library (PCL) Map Collection} ※ SOURCE for Birmey « Birmey… 35 miles … A small place: the village of Ferashbaund to the left, distant nine miles. Road bad: country barren. At sixteen miles a small rivulet crosses the road. » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ p. 460 « From Bushire to Ahram, over the plain of the Deshtistan, 30 miles ; road sandy, but otherwise good ; water and forage favourable. Through the easy pass of Kalkhum 20 miles; water, forage, and brushwood abundant; population Arab; then through the pass of Hajji Salli to Bushgum, which is rocky and bad, 18 miles; to Birmey 35 miles ; of tolerable road to Firhabad 35 miles, from whence begins the descent of the mountains, the road very difficult. » #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857, 27:108-19 ~ p. 119 « Birmey » in {map#1121 Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, , 1850, #1334 Monteith, William, Notes on the Routes from Bushire to Shiraz, etc., Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, London, 1857 27:108-19 ~} « Birmey » in {map#1231 ‘Sketch of Lieut. Snodgrass’s Route from Bushire to Shiraz, via Feruzabad, A.D. 1810’, , , [1r] (1/2), British Library: Map Collections, IOR/X/3118, in Qatar Digital Library} Barsian Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.522122 long 52.033356 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye barsian کاروانسرای برسیان VARIANT names: Barsian Caravanserai , Karavanserail Barsian , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Barsian « Karavanserail Barsian (Barsiyan/Berseyan) (Abb. 12; 255)Lage: 41 km westlich von Esfahan (Zentrum), am Nord-ufer des Zayandeh Rud, im Verlauf der Karawanenroute von Esfahan nach Yazd, in +1490 m ü.N.N., neben einer sel-dschukischen Moschee.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und schmalen, runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 51 x 40 m Außenmaße, 26,30 x 24,50 m Hofabmessungen, Höhenmaße nicht bekannt. [Barsian Caravanserai (Barsiyan/Berseyan) (Fig. 12; 255) Location: 41 km west of Isfahan (city center), on the north bank of the Zayandeh Rud River, along the caravan route from Isfahan to Yazd, at an elevation of 1490 m above sea level, next to a Seljuk mosque. Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, four stable sections, a dome over the entrance, and narrow, round corner towers. Dimensions: 51 x 40 m exterior dimensions, 26.30 x 24.50 m courtyard dimensions, height unknown.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 129 Bastak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.198471 long 54.375851 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bastak کاروانسرای بستک VARIANT names: Bastak Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Bastak Caravanserai «1668-053 Bastak Iran (Islamic Republic of) N27 11 54.6 E54 22 33.5 0.1 ha 2.24 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Bastak Lar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.97621 long 51.771598 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Bastak Lar Caravanserai کاروانسرای بستک لار VARIANT names: Bastak Lar Caravanserai , Karavanserail Bastak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bastak « Karavanserail Bastak (Taf. 17,1-3) (Abb. 155 und 183)126Lage: 3 km südöstlich der Station von Sefid Ab I, im Lartal in +2580 m ü. N.N., am Weg von Teheran über Bala-deh an das Kaspische Meer, an einer starken Quelle.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit jüngerem Anbau, wahrscheinlich abweichender Funktion.Abmessungen: 19,40 × 13,60 m. Innenhöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch und qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.Aus dem Karavanserail stammen 5 Bruchstücke von irani-schen Hufeisen mit 4 oder 6 Löchern für die Hufnägel. Ein Hufnagel hat sich am Eisen erhalten (Abb. 184). fn 126 Karavanserail Bastak wurde am 9. 7. 1981 vermessen. [Caravanserail Bastak (Plate 17.1-3) (Figs. 155 and 183) 126Location: 3 km southeast of the Sefid Ab I station, in the Lartal valley at 2580 m above sea level, on the road from Tehran via Bala-deh to the Caspian Sea, by a strong spring.Type: Covered mountain caravanserail with a later addition, probably serving a different purpose.Dimensions: 19.40 × 13.60 m. Interior height 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid and Qajar, 19th century.Five fragments of Iranian horseshoes with four or six holes for horseshoe nails were recovered from the caravanserail. A horseshoe nail has been preserved on the iron (Fig. 184).fn 186The Bastak caravanserail was surveyed on July 9, 1981.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 108 Basti Pariab C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Baʃta-paryouw , Basseparo , Basti Pariab C. , Basti Parija , Bast-i-Pariab , Caravan Ser Raw , Farate , Fariyab , Faryab Castle , K. Tang-e Nao , K. Tenghinoun , new Caravan Ser Raw , Pariaap , Paste Poeriouw , Pastepariouw , Qalʿa-yi Fariyab , S. Tenginoun , Tanguni , Tanguni C. , Tengonou , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Basti Pariab C. FOR Ourmangell (Herbert) [PBR], ※ SOURCE for Baʃta-paryouw « Nous continuâmes notre voyage à l'entrée de la nuit, par une belle plaine bordée d'arbres et de maifons d'un côté, qu'on diroit qui font partie de la ville, et après avoir traverſé pluſieurs villages, nous arrivames à minuit au Caravanʃerai de Baʃta-paryouw, à 4 líeuës de la ville. Nous en partimes le trentieme et traverſames 3. fois une petite riviere fort bafle en cetems-là, et fort enflée en hyver, et arrivames 2. heures après à Baʃiele, où nous attendimes la litiere. Nous pourfuivimes enfuite notre chemin et parvinmes à onze heures à un petit Caravanserai à demi demoli, où il y avoit une vieille femme avec des provifions. On trouve en ce quartier-là quantité de citernes couvertes, dont l'eau eft admirable; et beaucoup de gens occupez a en creufer d'autres, et des puits, fans quoi on n'y pourroit fubfifter, [We continued our journey at the onset of night, through a beautiful plain lined with trees and houses on one side, which looked like they were part of the city, and after passing through several villages, we arrived at midnight. at the Caravanʃerai of Baʃta-paryouw, 4 leagues from the city. We left on the thirtieth day and crossed 3 times a small river, very swollen at that time, and very swollen in winter, and arrived 2 hours later at Baʃiele, where we waited for the litter. We continued on our way and arrived at eleven o'clock at a small, half-demolished Caravanserai, where there was an old woman with provisions. We find in this district a number of covered cisterns, the water of which is admirable; et many people busy digging others, et wells, without which we could not find them,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318 ※ SOURCE for Basseparo « Quelques palmiers végétaient çà et là. Plus loin deux ca- ravansérails en très-mauvais état s'élevaient auprès de trois autres citernes. Ce lieu s'ap- pelle Basseparo. [A few palm trees grew here and there. Further on, two caravanserais in very poor condition stood near three other cisterns. This place is called Basseparo.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 432 ※ SOURCE for Basti Pariab C. « Advancing another 5 furlongs, we again cross the dry bed of the water-course previously passed. The further or eastern bank is here perpendicular, and forms a cliff about 20 feet high, but is broken down at the point of crossing, sons to form a steep slope. About 20 yards to east of this low cliff we pass the caravanserai, called "Basti Pariab". The cliff, formed by the further bank of the stream, runs round and covers the south, as well as the west face of the caravanserai, which, with stone walls two feet thick, is 30 yards square, and contains about 19 lower rooms. Close to the caravanserai are three cisterns, all in good repair. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1888 ~ p. 26 ※ SOURCE for Basti Parija « Basti Parija ... 1685 Kaempfer » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Bast-i-Pariab « Basti Pariab » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} « Bast-i-Pariab, Sarai (3 Cisterns) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} « At 8½ miles, the large caravansarai of Bast-i-Pariab is reached; water from three cisterns close by, and from one passed at 8¼ miles; supplies nil; fuel scanty; grazing poor. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 170 ※ SOURCE for Caravan Ser Raw « wherefore at Sunset we made for Lhor^ choaked with Dust and Heat; half¬ way, at a new Caravan (2) Ser Raw, we encountred three Caphalaes laden with Dry Fruit for the Port: fn. 2 * This was perhaps Tang-i-āão. "From Tang-i-Nao to Lar is a dreary march of sixteen miles over a flat alluvial plain, bounded on each side by barren mountains" (Wilson, 158). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 190 ※ SOURCE for Farate « Le lendemain nous marchâmes longtemps avant le jour par des chemins facaeux, après leſquels nous arrivâmes à un village nommé Farate. [The next day we walked long before daylight along easy paths, after which we arrived at a village called Farate.] » #3257 Jan Janszoon Struys, Glanius (Monsieur), Les voyages de Jean Struys, en Moscovie, en Tartarie, en Perse, aux Indes, et en plusieurs autres païs étrangers, 1718 ~ pp. 60-1 « Den 23. machten wir uns sehr frühe wieder auff/ und zogen zur rechten Hand für dem Dorff Farate fürüber/liegende als ein groffer Lust-Ballast mitten in einem Busch mit Dadel/Pomeransen / und Le mon-baumen bewachsen. [On the 23rd we set off again very early and moved to the right hand side of the village of Farate, lying as a large ballast of pleasure in the middle of a bush overgrown with Dadel/Pomeranese and lemon trees.] » #3258 Joh. Jansz. Straußens, Sehr schwere/ wiederwertige/ und Denckwürdige Reysen/ Durch Italien/ Griechenland/ Lifland/ Moscau/ Tartarey/ Meden/ Persien/ Türckey/ Ost-Indien/ Japan/ und unterschiedliche andere Länder, von Meurs, Amsterdam, 1678 ~ p. 197 « Den 23 dito bralien wy borgh been den dagh weder op / cu trokken ter rechter-handt voorby seker Dorp Farate, staande als een groot Luft-Paleys/ te midden in een Bosch van Dadel- Orangien- en Limoen-Boomen. [On the 23rd of July we left again on the day and marched on the right to the village of Farate, standing like a large sky palace in the middle of a forest of date, orange and lime trees.] » #3243 Jan Janszoon Struys, Drie aanmerkelijke en seer rampspoedige Reysen, Meurs, 1677 ~ pp. 362-3 [Floor links Farate with the Basti Pariab caravanserai, see below. The distances given by Struys put the location of Farate some distance further. PBR] « Travellers then continued to Fariyab, seeing many villages and cultivated land en route. The karavansaray was very good, but was in a lonely situation; while there also was an old simpler karavansaray. (114) fn. 114 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 121 (Basti Parija); Valentijn, vol. V, p. 265 (Pariaap; karavansaray of Basti Parija), 285 (kara- vansaray of Paste Poeriouw); Strauszens, p. 197 (Farate); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 318 (Basta paryouw). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 78 « Travellers then continued to Fariyab, seeing many villages and cultivated land en route. The karavansaray was very good, but was in a lonely situation; while there also was an old simpler karavansaray. (114) fn. 114 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 121 (Basti Parija); Valentijn, vol. V, p. 265 (Pariaap; karavansaray of Basti Parija), 285 (kara- vansaray of Paste Poeriouw); Strauszens, p. 197 (Farate); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 318 (Basta paryouw). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Fariyab « Travellers then continued to Fariyab, seeing many villages and cultivated land en route. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Faryab Castle « Persian text omitted. [Faryab Castle 15. The distance from Char Bar to Faryab Castle is three farsakhs. The road is smooth and level. The mountain south of the road is located at a distance of half a farsakh in the south, about one farsakh, they reach Haji Ali's caravanserai, there are two ponds and a caravanserai here. There are three ponds, a caravanserai and a ruined castle in Faryab Castle. Watermelons, melons, barley and wheat used to be in this Faryab Castle, but now they are not.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 582 ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Nao(Arch. Site) « Karavans. Tang-e Nao » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for K. Tenghinoun « about two hours after we paffed by another Kervanseray, like to the former, called Tenghinoun; and a little further to the Left Hand, we faw a fmall Forrest of Palm-Trees. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687, ~ pt. 2 p. 132 ※ SOURCE for new Caravan Ser Raw « wherefore at Sunset we made for Lhor, choaked with Dust and Heat; halfway, at a new Caravan (2) Ser Raw, we encountred three Caphalaes laden with Dry Fruit for the Port:fn.bnThis was perhaps Tang-i-Nao. “From Tang-i-Nao to Lar is a dreary march of sixteen miles over a flat alluvial plain, bounded on each side by barren mountains ” (Wilson, 158). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 190 [Note. Fryer. Tangedelon to Cormoot 20 rocky miles (actual 18.6), Cormoot to Shan Zangee 20 miles (actual 18.7. Sham Zangee halfway to Lhor which is correct. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Pariaap « Wy trokken voorby de Karrawanlera's Baſiga, en Sargab, en bleven tot Pariaap, zagen veel dorpen en zaey-land; ook veel putten en ſchoone plantagien van dadelboomen. Deze Karrawanserais goed; dog ſtaat zeer eenzaam, ook heeft men hier nog een zeer zobere Karrawanſera. [We passed by the Karrawanleras Baſiga, and Sargab, and stayed as far as Pariaap, saw many villages and zaey-lands; also many wells and beautiful plantations of date trees. This Karrawanfera is good, but it is very lonely, and there is also a very dreary Karrawanfera here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Paste Poeriouw « Paste Poeriouw ... 1703 down Hoogcamer » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Pastepariouw « Pastepariouw ... 1701 up Hoogcamer » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 88 « Den 15. dito quam zyn Ed na 3½ myl rydens i in de Karrawanfera Paſtepariouw, kreeg een brief, met eenige groente, van den Hertog van Lhaar, smet verzoek, om zyn Intrede ten 3 uuren na zons opgang (alzoo dat een gelukkig uur was) in Lhaar te doen. [On the 15th his Ed arrived at Karrawanfera Pastepariouw after a journey of 3½ miles, and received a letter, with some vegetables, from the Duke of Lhaar, requesting him to enter Lhaar at 3 o'clock after sunrise (as that was a fortunate hour).] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 4. April van Lhaar vertrekkende, quam zyn Ed:, na 3½ myl rydens, in de Karrawaanſera Paſte poeriouw. [Departing from Lhaar on April 4, at his Ed: after 3½ miles of journey, in the Karrawaanſera Paſte poeriouw.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Qalʿa-yi Fariyab « Qalʿa-yi Fariyab ... 1896 Sadid al-Saltana » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for S. Tenginoun «147 (km) | S. Tenginoun (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Tanguni « In the neighbourhood of Lar are a few villages. At twelve miles we passed the ruins of Tanguni, with a small but well-built caravansarai, now untenanted; the qanat which gave life to theplace has been choked some years. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ vol. 1 p. #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ 146 ※ SOURCE for Tanguni C. « At twelve miles we passed the ruins of Tanguni, with a small but well-built caravansarai, now untenanted; the qanat which gave life to the place has been choked some years. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 147 ※ SOURCE for Tengonou « 15 février. Je ne pus partir qu'après dîner, et comme pour trouver un village, il faut marcher quinze farsangs, nous n'en fimes que trois et nous arrêtâmes à Tengonou, hameau de trois maisons, avec quelques palmiers et des cultures. [February 15. I was only able to leave after dinner, and as to find a village you have to walk fifteen farsangs, we only did three and stopped at Tengonou, a hamlet of three houses, with a few palm trees and crops.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 530 Bayaz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.701269 long 55.447232 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye biyaz کاروانسرای بیاض VARIANT names: Baiaz caravanserai , Baiaz sarai , Bayaz Caravanserai , Biath caravanserai , Karavanserail Bayaz , ※ SOURCE for Baiaz caravanserai « BAIAZ LAT. 30° 41' N. LONG. 54° 31' E. ELEV.4,540'.A village in Kirman, 111 miles from the city of that name, on the road to Yazd. It contains 200 houses with some 600 inhabitants, and belongs partly to Government and partly to the owner, Nasrullah Khân, who divide the taxes in the proportion of two-thirds to the former, and one-third to the latter. It has a good caravanseras and post-house. Livestock are 400 cattle, 1,200 sheep and goats.The village, which is surrounded by quantities of mulberry trees and has a stream of clear sweet water 3 feet 9anches wide by 9 inches deep, pro-duces annually 15,000 mans of wheat and barley, and 500 mans of opium. Cotton, til, and water-melons are also grown. Supplies are obtainable in fair quantities.-(Preece, 1892; Wood, 1899; Sher Jang, 1902.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 90 ※ SOURCE for Baiaz sarai « ) BAIAZ (KARMAN)-Lat. Long. Elev. 4482' (Gill). A small village, with some mulberry trees and a spring of running water, 119 miles from Yazd, on the road to Karman. It contains forty or fifty houses. About a quarter of a mile from the village are a post-house and sarai. (Smith.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 18 ※ SOURCE for Biath caravanserai « We had rain every day, and the fine caravanserai of Biath was approached in a slough of mud. Leaving Biath we crossed a belt of shingle, then one of sand, and then one of mud, there being about two miles of each. Here we met a cafila, or caravan, of fifty camels carrying opium and. asafoetida, and after a tedious struggle through mud, reached Anar on the sixth January. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 349 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bayaz « Karavanserail Bayaz (Abb. 4; 126) (51)Lage: 28 km südöstlich Anar, 35 km nordwestlich von Heydarabad (Haidarabad), in + 1420 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Rafsandjan und Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und einem Vorhof, der von einem zweigeschossigen Bauteil flankiert wird. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 54,50 × 49,50m, Hofab-messungen 29,30 × 29,30 m, Breite des Stallganges 3,80 m, Abmessungen des Vorhofes 8 x 8m, Abmessungen des Obergeschosses 23,80 × 13,40 m (Abb. 127), Höhe der Hof-fassaden 5,80 m, Höhe der Fassaden des Vorhofes 9,30 m (Abb. 128).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird vom umgebenden Dorf genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.fn 51 Das Karavanserail Bayaz wurde am 1. 12. 1984 vermessen. [Bayaz Caravanserail (Fig. 4; 126) (51)Location: 28 km southeast of Anar, 35 km northwest of Heydarabad (Haidarabad), at an elevation of 1420 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Rafsanjan and Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a courtyard flanked by a two-story building.Dimensions: External dimensions 54.50 × 49.50 m, courtyard dimensions 29.30 × 29.30 m, width of the stable passage 3.80 m, dimensions of the forecourt 8 x 8 m, dimensions of the upper floor 23.80 × 13.40 m (Fig. 127), height of the courtyard facades 5.80 m, height of the forecourt facades 9.30 m (Fig. 128).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used by the surrounding village.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 51 The Bayaz caravanserai was surveyed on December 1, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 77 Befestigung 6 km nördlich Pataveh : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.983154 long 51.247313 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Befestigung 6 km nördlich Pataveh , ※ SOURCE for Befestigung 6 km nördlich Pataveh « Befestigung 6 km nördlich Pataveh (Taf. 3,3) (Abb. 4; 31)33Lage: Am alten Karawanenweg von Pataveh nach Semirom (Esfahan Bandar-e Deylam) in +1350 m ü.N.N. gelegen, über steil abfallendem Hochufer.Typ: Langrechteckiger Bau mit vier starken Rundtürmen und Hofbebauung, mindestens an den beiden Langseiten.Abmessungen: 85 x 44 m (ohne Turmvorsprünge), Raumreihen etwa 6m breit.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und große Flußkiesel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich Straßenstation des 18.-19.Jahrhunderts. [Fortification 6 km north of Pataveh (Plate 3.3) (Fig. 4; 31)33Location: Situated on the old caravan route from Pataveh to Semirom (Esfahan Bandar-e Deylam) at an elevation of 1350 m above sea level, above a steeply sloping high bank.Type: Long rectangular structure with four strong round towers and courtyard buildings, at least along both long sides.Dimensions: 85 x 44 m (excluding tower projections), rows of rooms approximately 6 m wide.Building material: Rubble and large river pebbles.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably a road station from the 18th-19th century.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 24 Behjat'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.161713 long 51.744089 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Behjat'abad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Bedjatabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bedjatabad « Karavanserail Bedjatabad (Taf. 23,1) (Abb. 12; 195) (108)Lage: 12 km südlich Karavanserail Caharabad, am safa-vidischen Weg von Natanz nach Esfahan (nicht über Robat-e Sangi und Robat-e Soltan), in +1870 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail von leicht langrechteckiger Form mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, halbrunden Eck- und Zwischentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau, sowie durch Blendnischen gegliederte Süd- und Ostfassade.Abmessungen: 48,20 x 36,90 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 19,55 x 11 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portal-baus 8,40 m (Abb. 196).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk mit Ziegelverkleidung. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist verfallen.Inschriften (über dem Eingang): verlorengegangen. Datierung: Safavidisch, Anfang 17. Jahrhundert.fn 108 Sirous, Anciennes voies... 139ff. - Die Schnitte und Ansichten wur den am 9. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Caravanserail Bedjatabad (Plate 23.1) (Figs. 12; 195) (108)Location: 12 km south of the Caharabad caravanserail, on the Safavid road from Na?anz to Isfahan (not via Robat-e Sangi and Robat-e Soltan), at an elevation of 1870 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail of a slightly elongated rectangular shape with four iwans, four stable compartments, semicircular corner and intermediate towers, and a projecting entrance structure, as well as blind niches on the south and east facades.Dimensions: 48.20 x 36.90 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 19.55 x 11 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the entrance structure: 8.40 m (Fig. 196).Building material: Rubble masonry with brick facing.Structural features and condition: The building is dilapidated.Inscriptions (above the entrance): lost. Dating: Safavid, early 17th century.fn 108 Sirous, Anciennes voies... 139ff. - The sections and elevations were surveyed on March 9, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 100 Belade'shapur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.788202 long 50.561547 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye belad shapordeddesht کاروانسرای بلاد شاپوردهدشت VARIANT names: Belade'shapur Caravanserai , Bere-mir Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat .6895374594 long 99 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bere-mir Caravanserai , Bere-mir Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.689013 long 54.026794 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bere-mir Caravanserai , Beriz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Beriz , Bizeh , Tireh , بریز , VARIANT names: Beeres , Behry , Beli , Berez , Beri , Beries , Beris , Beriz , Berre , Berrie , Berry , Bery , Bexim, Bechim , Bieries , Bihri , Biri , Biries , Biriis (Beriẞ) , Biris , Biris or Bizri , Biriz , Briz , Bury , ※ SOURCE for Beeres « and travelled to Beeres, a pretty large Towne, and a spacious Caravan-Sarai, the best I have yet seen on yo Road, except that at Larr. Very bad Water, but plenty of Provisions.August 15.-We rose from Beeres, »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206 ※ SOURCE for Behry « Le caravanserai de Behry a été bâti, il y a cin- quante ans, par la mère d'un gouverneur de Laar, nominé Ahvez bec ou Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), et consacré à son nom. [The Behry caravanserai was built fifty years ago by the mother of a governor of Laar, named Ahvez bec or Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), and dedicated in her name] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 477 ※ SOURCE for Beli « Partimmo tardi da Benarù il Giovedì ultimo, e per malagevole ſtrada, così di piani, come di peſſime falite ce ſceſe di pietre, arriyammo dopo aver fatte 30. miglia in 11. ore, nel Cafale, e famoſo Karvanſerà di Beli. [We left Benarù late on the last Thursday, and along a difficult road, both flat and rocky, we arrived after having covered 30 miles in 11 hours, in the Cafale, and famous Karvanſerà di Beli.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 271 ※ SOURCE for Berez « MOGU BAY to SHIRAZ 8. BEREZ | 21 | 147 Seven hours. The road is over the open country generally, but a few passes over low ridges are met with. Water is procurable from wells and springs. Camp in an open desert. No supplies. » #3334 Routes in Asia: Routes in Persia and Balochistan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1878 ~ p. 388 ※ SOURCE for Beri « 15 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ 385 « 14 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Beries « Den 21. dito op 't vorige uur verreisde hy weder, en quam met den dag in Beries; [On the 21st of the same day, at the previous hour, he set out again, and arrived in Beries that same day;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 29. dito na 6 mylen rydens, in 't dorp Beries. [The 29th ditto after 6 miles drive, in the village of Beries.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Beris « [27th February]. About 5 sett out for Diacoo, 9 farsangs; the 1[st] farsang bad way, the other 2 good till you come to a Radeler house 3 farsangs more very bad way. Went over a great many mountains, goeing up hill and down till come to Beris about 1 in the morning. Beris is a very good caravensaroy and a good village; lay there till morning and went to Discoo, 3 farsangs more; good way, very good caravensaroy and good village. note: Diary of 27 February 1707/8. Beris, Biriz. The Bury of Fryer (II, 198 and n. 1), and the Bibri of Thévenot (Pt. II, 130), who had a similar experience of "very stormy way . up hill and down hill," but found the inn "a fair new built" structure, "one of the loveliest Karavanserays in all Persia." Le Bruyn also (II, 68) praises the inn at "Bieries," and the one in the "large handsome village" of "De-hakoe." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 48 ※ SOURCE for Beriz [not to be confused with another Beriz NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3056064 coordinate: lat 27.8928 long 54.083 NIMA/GNS names: Bavaz , Beriz , Biriz 25.5kms bearing 254°. PBR] « [margin: 11 of November] On the 11th of November, we left this spot and reached Beriz early in the morning. This was another small town like the one we had left behind, and we spent just one night ther »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 317 ※ SOURCE for Berre « (26) Berre [? sic) -6 farsakhs. A place with a fort in ruins. Two ab-anbars on the road. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes « And this five and twentieth day at night lodged at a Casal, called Berre. And to the South of the Towne is an old Castle upon an high Mountaine. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460 ※ SOURCE for Berrie « Here we picht in a prophets lodge lying by the waye side, whose name is Shohzoda [Shahzada], the townes nam is Berrie [Biriz], haueing traveled 5 or 6 lges. Here the water is good. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 82 ※ SOURCE for Berry « we mounted our melancholly Mules, and made our next Manzeel at Berry. Nothing was obfervable in the way, fave a huge thick wall, of great length and height, cut by infinite toyle out of the follid rock, to fafeguard the Larians from the Skyrazians, Larr in that place terminating. Berry is a ſmall Village; it promiſes much at diſtance, but when there,deludes the expectation: yet is it famous through the Perfian Territories » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Bery « Bij goeden tret quamen al voormiddagh naer niet min als drie mijlen rijdens in Bery (2), een slegt dorp, maer vrij aansienelijk om de carewansera, weynigh jaren verlede daar door den Lhaersen gouverneur 72 pas- sen in de lengte, 79 dito in de breete, weersijts met een stallingh 10 treden wijt, van binnen een ruym viercant pleyn, rontsom met 24 moeye camerkens en aan de ingangh off in de poorte mede twee affgeslote camerkens, in welker eene den Edele Heer Cunaeus logys nam, [If the weather was good, I arrived early this afternoon, not less than three miles away, in Bery (2), a poor village, but quite significant for the carewansera, some years ago the governor of Lhaersen built it there 72 paces in length, 79 ditto in the width, again with a shed 10 steps away, inside a spacious square square, round with 24 large cafeterias and at the entrance to the gate also two closed cafeterias, in which the Noble Lord Cunaeus took refuge,] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 56 ※ SOURCE for Bexim, Bechim « au quart de l'aube, pour aller nous restaurer dans un autre appelé Bexim.Il est grand, avec de belles maisons, quoiqu'elles soient en torchis. [at quarter to dawn, to go and eat in another called Bexim. It is large, with beautiful houses, although they are made of cob.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Bieries « nous pourfuivimes notre chemin le vingt-fixieme, une heure avant le coucher du foleil, par des montagnes pierreulesde méchans chemins,arrivåmes à une heure du matin au Caravanseras de Bieries dans la plaine, après une traite de 5. licues. C'est un grandbel édifice de pierre, [We continued our journey on the twenty-fifth, an hour before sunset, through stony mountains of steep paths, arriving at one o'clock in the morning at the Caravanseras of Bieries in the plain, after a journey of 5 licues. It is a large beautiful stone building,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Bihri « we arrived at a great Village called Bihri, where many Palms and Tamarisk-Trees grow: there are ſeveral Ciſerns there, but the water of them is full of Worms, and therefore one must be careful to ſtrain it through a Cloath, We Lodged in a fair new built Kervanʃeray in that Village, this is one of the lovlieſt Kervanʃerays in all Perfia, not only for the ſolidity of the Fabrick, being built of rough Stone and hard Flint, but alſo for its neat Portal, large ſquare Court, many fpacious Rooms, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 130 « Le vingt-sixième, je partis à une heure après minuit, et marchai jusques à neuf heures du matin, en partie dans la plaine et en partie entre les montagnes, dans lesquelles je vis une vieille tour qui était pour garder le passage. Je demeurai à Bihri, petite ville bâtie au coin d'une plaine qui aboutit à une haute montagne. Le carvansera est neuf et bâti assez magnifiquement par la mère d'Aimas, kan de Lar, le grand Cha-Abas ayant pris ce pays-là sur les Guèbres qu'il contraignit de se faire maho- métans. Ce fut dans ce même carvansera que Monsieur Thévenot, l'un des plus illustres voyageurs de notre siècle', se blessa fort dangereu- sement, un de ses pistolets qu'il avait demandés à son valet pour les mettre auprès de lui sur le matelas où il était couché, s'étant malheu- reusement lâché et lui ayant percé la cuisse, de quoi il fut presque en termes de mourir. [On the twenty-sixth, I set out at one o'clock after midnight, and walked until nine o'clock in the morning, partly in the plain and partly between the mountains, in which I saw an old tower which was to guard the passage. I stayed in Bihri, a small town built on the corner of a plain which leads to a high mountain. The carvansera is new and built quite magnificently by the mother of Aimas, kan of Lar, the great Cha-Abas having taken that country from the Guèbres whom he forced to become Mohammedans. It was in this same carvansera that Monsieur Thévenot, one of the most illustrious travelers of our century, seriously injured himself, one of his pistols which he had asked his valet to place near him on the mattress. where he was lying, having unfortunately let go and pierced his thigh, from which he almost died.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 316-7 ※ SOURCE for Biri « Il venerdi, forse due ore innanzi giorno, avendo camminato sola- mente da due leghe, scaricammo a prender riposo vicino ad un caravanserai che chiamano della campagna di Biri, perchè poco lontano di là sta la villa Biri, abitata [On Friday, perhaps two hours before the day, having walked only two leagues, we unloaded to take a rest near a caravanserai which they call Biri countryside] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 384 « On the 11th we traveled from the 22nd hour until the 2nd hour of the night and lodged in the caravanserai Beriz, bigger than the others, with several little towers around it. The arches inside were open from top to bot tom, and each arch corresponded to a room. There were staircases in the four corners to go up to the terrace.(20) fn. 20. Bembo calls it "Biri." Beriz is 19 km northwest of Lar. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 294 ※ SOURCE for Biries « Den 17. dito reden wy over veel gebergte van kley en key-fteenen, quamen in een ſchoone Valey, en trokken door een groot dorp, Biries genaamd. In 't inkomen zag men een vierkante gemetzelde pilaar laan, zynde ontrent voeten hoog, alwaar voor eenigen tyd een per- zoon levendig is ingemetzeld. Hier ftaat ook een cierlyke Piramide, zynde eeu grafitede, daar onder een ſchoone kapel, met Tapyten belegd, is, in welke ook eenige lampen brandden, en werd daar dagelyks voor de verltorvenen gebeden. Hier is een koftelyke nieuwe Karrawan- fera met veel overdekte water-tankken en putten. Regt voor de Karrawanfera ftaat een uitstekende fchoone verwelfde watertank, zynde wel 100 voeten over 't Kruis, en 300 voeten in 't rond. Dit is een van de opmerkens weerdigite metzelwerken, die ik in Meden Perien heb gezien, hebbende 4 bebe en Konink- lyke ruime poorten of ingangen om water te ſcheppen. Men heeft hier veel begraaf-fteden en eenig geboomte. [On the 17th we rode over many mountains of Kley and Keyfteene, came to a beautiful Valley, and passed through a large village called Biries. In the entrance one saw a square brick pillar avenue, about feet high, where a person was lively bricked in for some time. Here is also a beautiful Pyramid, made of graphite, under which there is a beautiful chapel, covered with Tapytes, in which some lamps were also burning, where prayers were said daily for the deceased. Here is a cool new Karrawanfera with many covered water tanks and wells. In front of the Karrawanfera there is an excellent beautiful arched water tank, about 100 feet above the Cross, and 300 feet around. This is one of the most remarkable stoneworks I have seen in Meden Perien, having 4 bebe and royal spacious gates or entrances for creating water. There are many burial places and some trees here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 pp. 264-5 ※ SOURCE for Biriis (Beriẞ) « den 18. Dez. 1685 vor Sonnenaufgang bis zu dem großen Dorfe Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach. [December 18, 1685 before sunrise to the large village of Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 118 ※ SOURCE for Biris « The fine serai and little hamlet of Biris, with blue domed mosque close by, stands at the edge of a narrow flat; plain, some 10 miles long east and west, and 2 miles broad. »#1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 160 « On découvre le village de Biris, quelque temps avant d'y arriver (1). Un fort situé sur une éminence, regarde l'entrée de la vallée qui se dirige de l'O. à l'E., et qu'ildomine. Les murailles, et quelques tours quiles flanquaient, existent encore. Une ving-taine de familles seulement habitent ce lieu,et donnent au gouverneur de Lår les deuxtiers de leurs récoltes.Biris renferme beaucoup de citernes, un immense caravansérail, et deux mausolées nouvellement construits. fn. 1 Il m'a semble que de Deh-ak-kou à Biris, nous n'avions pas marché autant à l'E., que le marque la carte de d'Anville. [We discover the village of Biris, some time before arriving there (1). A fort located on an eminence, looks at the entrance to the valley which runs from the W. to the E., and which it dominates. The walls, and some towers which flanked them, still exist. Only about twenty families live there, and give the governor of Lår two-thirds of their harvests. Biris contains many cisterns, an immense caravanserai, and two newly built mausoleums. fn. 1 It seemed to me that from Deh-ak-kou to Biris, we had not walked as far to the E., as d'Anville's map shows.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 446-7 ※ SOURCE for Biris or Bizri « Nous traversâmes ensuite une autre montagne et une autre plaine où est situé Biris ou Bizri, petit village ruiné, avec un vaste caravansérail, bâti par Chah-Abbas [We then crossed another mountain and another plain where Biris or Bizri is located, a small ruined village, with a vast caravanserai, built by Shah-Abbas] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 528 ※ SOURCE for Biriz « Biriz has a sarai, shrine, and three cisterns, one of which had an abundance of good water at this time. Firewood and grazing practically nil. Supplies nil. Large open plain for camping ground. Locusts have eaten up all crops in this district. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 192 ※ SOURCE for Briz « Persian text omitted. [When they leave from Dehko, they go to Sharfu, it is six miles away. When they went three farsakhs, they reached the village of Briz. There are several valleys without water on the road. In the village of Briz, there are eight ponds and a fort, and there are not many houses, houses, and wells.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 583 ※ SOURCE for Bury « Hence to Bury (1) metes out Twelve Miles more, where the best Caravan Ser Raw is on all the Road, it being not only well Adorned with White facing Stone, but is both a Large and Convenient, as well as Stately Fabrick. Hard by this is a Peor, or Burying-place of one of their Prophets, being a goodly Monument, with an Arabick School Founded in his Honour, and Endowed with a good Pension for to maintain the Devotion of their Priests. fn. 1 Biris, about 15 miles as the crow flies N.W. of Lar, the Berry of Herbert (130). "I stand at Bihry, a little City seated upon a plain, that borders upon a high mountain. The Inn is new and very mag- nificently built by the mother of Aimas, Kan of Lar, when the great Sha-Abbas took the country from the Gaures, whom he constrain'd to turn Mahumetans" (Tavernier, 252 f.). Hedges (Diary, i, 206) calls it Beeres, and praises the "spacious Caravan-Sarai, the best I have seen on y Road, except that at Larr." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 198 Berkeh-ye Now : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Berkeh-ye Now , Berkeh-ye Nuh , Birkeh Nuh , بركۀ نو , بركۀ نوح , برکه نو , VARIANT names: Barke Nu , Berkeh-ye Now , Birkeh Noh , Birkeh Nou , Birkeh Nuh , caravanserais (Rebelo) , Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid , KM033 (Gaube) , Naou , ※ SOURCE for Barke Nu « Persian text omitted. [In Barke Nu, there is a pond and a caravanserai, and it is not a settlement,] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 580 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Noh « The rate of travelling, when traversing these ravines, decreases to 2 miles 23 furlong- per hour. At 15 miles 3 furlongs the caravanserai and one cistern, of Birkeh Noh, both of which are in good repair, and the latter full of good water. Altinde above sea. 910 feet. There is a large extent of open ground about the caravanserai. To north of this open space the ground is cut up by a network of dry watercourses, and mounds covered with grass and thickets of kanar and other small trees. On all other sides the surface of the valley is much broken by ravines, low gravelly hills » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 31 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Nou « KM 038 Birkeh Nou (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Nuh « Birkeh Nuh » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « The track follows the bed of the river for some way, emerging at 5½ miles, and crossing numerous small watercourses. All arms can move as far as Birkeh Nüh from the Shür river. At 6 miles the track emerges on to a stony level plateau, from which the Küristan stream, Rasül, and Rūdār rivers take their rise. At 9 miles the caravan- sarai of Birkeh Nüh is reached. Water. From a cistern. Fuel. Scanty. Fodder. Grazing poor.Supplies. Scanty, from Kishi 4 miles to N.-E. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 165 ※ SOURCE for caravanserais (Rebelo) « and left during the first shift of the night, walking until two o'clock in the morning. We rested until late afternoon the next day in one of these caravanserais, where I left my name written on the wall, with many others, Moors and also some Venetians. » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 103 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid « Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid (Taf. 27.4) (Abb. 7; 225) (112)Lage: 5 km westlich von Taqi Khaneh, 11 km südöst- lich von Djeyhun, in + 250 m ü.N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar.Typ: Eine Mischung von überdachtem Bergland-Kara- vanserail und Pavillon-Karavanserail, innen kreuzförmig mit Vierungskuppel und in den Gebäudeecken vier Zweier- gruppen von Räumen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 17,30 × 16,70 m, Gebäude- höhe 3,90 m. [Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid (Plate 27.4) (Fig. 7; 225) (112)Location: 5 km west of Taqi Khaneh, 11 km southeast of Djeyhun, at + 250 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar.Type: A mixture of covered mountain caravanserail and pavilion caravanserail, cross-shaped on the inside with a crossing dome and four groups of two rooms in the corners of the building.Dimensions: external dimensions 17.30 × 16.70 m, building height 3.90 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 125 ※ SOURCE for KM033 (Gaube) « KM 033: Nach nur sieben Kilometern stößt man in ca. 250 m Höhe auf das vierte Wegmonument (Fig. 5) dieses Streckenabschnitts, neben dem zwei überkuppelte Zisternen errichtet wurden. Der Bau ist größer als die zwei vorangegangenen. Er mißt ca. 18,5 m x 18,5 m und ist in seinen unteren Mauer- partien aus grob-rechteckig behauenen Steinen errichtet. Vier kreuzförmig angelegte Tonnengewölbe treffen sich unter einem Klostergewölbe in der Mitte der Anlage. Den Zentralteil um die Kuppel erweitern vier, zu jeweils zwei der Tonnengewölbe offene, Eckräume. In jeder der vier Ecken des Gebäudes liegen je zwei rechteckige Räume und ein quadratischer Raum, die von außen durch Türen erschlossen sind. [KM 033: After just seven kilometers you come to the fourth monument (Fig. 5) of this section at a height of approx. 250 m, next to which two domed cisterns were built. The building is larger than the previous two. It measures approx. 18.5 m x 18.5 m and the lower parts of the wall are made of roughly rectangular hewn stones. Four cross-shaped barrel vaults meet under a monastery vault in the middle of the complex. The central part around the dome is extended by four corner rooms, each open to two of the barrel vaults. In each of the four corners of the building there are two rectangular rooms and one square room, which are accessed from the outside through doors.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 41 [distance 33 kms more like 30.5 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Naou « La route continuait d'être pierreuse; des torrens sans eau la traversaient. Après une heure de marche est une autre citerne dans un lieu nommé Naou. Deux farsengs au-delà est le village de Kechi. [The road continued to be stony; waterless torrents crossed it. After an hour's walk is another cistern in a place called Naou. Two farsengs beyond is the village of Kechi.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 425 Besin town caravanserai (?) : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.740226 long 52.424504 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: viewed in google maps but not substantiated VARIANT names: Besin town caravanserai (?) , Bibazag Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.177479 long 57.566986 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bi bazg کاروانسرای بی بازگ VARIANT names: Bibazag Caravanserai , Bibi Hayat Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.478059 long 56.606796 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bibi hayat کاروانسرای بی?بی حیات VARIANT names: Bibi caravanserai , Bibi Hayat Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Bibi caravanserai « BIBI HAIAT-LAT. 30°24' N. LONG. 56°24' E. ELEV. 6,900. A village and shrine in the Khinaman district of Kirman, about 36 miles west of Kirman city. The shrine is dedicated to Bibi Haiat-a sister of the Imām Riza-and is accessible to women only. The village is small, but contains a caravanserai and a fine water tank. -(Sykes, 1900.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 159 Bidak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Caravanserai in the middle of the forest کاروانسرا میان?جنگل VARIANT names: Bidak caravanserai , Karavanserail Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa , karvansaraye mianjangel , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa « Karavanserail Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa (Taf. 20,2.3) (Abb. 5;173) (120)Lage: 5 km südöstlich von Siadabad Miyan Djangal.etwa 18 km (Luftlinie) nordwestlich des Karavanserails Baushlu, in + 1730 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Fasa und Darab und 7 km westlich der Karawanenstation Daihr-e Djangal (Deyr-e Djangal), stan nach Estahban und Neyriz. an der Straße von Sarvestan nach Estahban und Neyriz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei Iwanen, aus der Längs-achse versetztem, vorgezogenem Portal und Halbrundtür-men an den Ecken und an den Courtinen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 30,50 × 27 m, Hofabmessungen 18,50 × 14,30 m, Gebäude-höhe 5 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark beschädigt, wird aber als Lagerplatz der Qashqa?i-No-maden genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 120 Der Bau wurde am 16. 3. 1980 vermessen. [Caravanserail Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa (Plate 20.2.3) (Fig. 5;173) (120)Location: 5 km southeast of Siadabad Miyan Djangal.Approximately 18 km (as the crow flies) northwest of the Baushlu caravanserail, at an elevation of 1730 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Fasa and Darab, and 7 km west of the Daihr-e Djangal (Deyr-e Djangal) caravan station, on the road from Sarvestan to Estahban and Neyriz.... Type: Courtyard caravanserai with three iwans, a projecting portal offset from the longitudinal axis, and semicircular towers at the corners and curtain walls.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 30.50 × 27 m, courtyard dimensions 18.50 × 14.30 m, building height 5 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: The building is heavily damaged but is used as a camp by the Qashqai nomads.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 120 The building was surveyed on March 16, 1980.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 96 ※ SOURCE for karvansaraye mianjangel « karvansaraye mianjangel کاروانسرای میان?جنگل » Bilabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.742242 long 52.901093 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bilabad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Riavad-e Bostan , ※ SOURCE for Bilabad Caravanserai « the top of the long foot-slope, facing Nain, stand a few villages, and beyond them is the untenanted caravansarai of Bilabad, near which we breakfasted under mulberry-trees, beside a cool qanat-stream. The ascent to this point from Yazd, though nearly 3000 feet, is so gradual as to be scarcely noticeable. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 14 « BILABAD, BALABAD OR BULABAD-E: EV. 7,015'.A small village 15 miles south-west of Näin on the road to Isfahan. It has a fine caravanserai in good repair which was built in 1652 A.D. Six miles west from the caravanserai the top of the Bulābād pass is reached, elevation 8,260, and a mile further the village Faizābād, 8,060.-(Schindler.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 98 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Riavad-e Bostan « Karavanserail Riavad-e Bostan/Rivad-e Bostan (Taf. 29,1-3) (Abb. 12; 239)12Lage: 23 km westlich von Na'in, 48 km östlich von Kuh-paych, in +2220 m ü.N.N., an der Straße von Esfahan nach Na'in.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, Rundtürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. Abmessungen: 48 x 47,80 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprünge), 21,10 x 20,20 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Por-talbaus 9,40 m (Abb. 240). [Caravanserail Riavad-e Bostan/Rivad-e Bostan (Plate 29.1-3) (Figs. 12; 239)12 Location: 23 km west of Na'in, 48 km east of Kuh-paych, at an elevation of 2220 m above sea level, on the road from Isfahan to Na'in. Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two stable sections, round towers, and a projecting gatehouse. Dimensions: 48 x 47.80 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 21.10 x 20.20 m courtyard dimensions, gatehouse height 9.40 m (Fig. 240).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 124 Birkeh Band-i- 'Ali : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Band Ally , Bandali , Bandalie , Bandally , Bande Aly , Bendali , Bend-Ali , Bendaly , Bendaly , Birkeh Band-i- 'Ali , C. Bandali , K. Bend Ali , Kar Bendali , ※ SOURCE for Band Ally « they returning to Gombroon, and we going on Three Pharsangs that Night to Band Ally (1) fn. 1 Band ’All, “the embankment of ’All,” about 9 miles S.W. of Bandar ’Abbas. “The first night (from Gombroon) we rode to Bandally, sixteene English miles (and most part along the Gulph)” » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 177 ※ SOURCE for Bandali « Een Portugees, Baltasar Borges genaamd, die te Bender Congo, waar de Portugeesche schepen aankomen, de helft van de tollen geniet, heeft hem verteld, dat hij naar Bandali, 3 mijlen van Gamron, wil verhuizen, omdat Bender Congo ongeschikt is. [A Portuguese named Baltasar Borges, who enjoys half the tolls at Bender Congo, where the Portuguese ships arrive, has told him that he wants to move to Bandali, 3 miles from Gamron, because Bender Congo is unsuitable.] » #2780 Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën Grote serie · Volume 72 Bronnen tot de geschiedenis der Oostindische Compagnie in Perzie, 1611-1638., Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1930, ~ p. 471 « Haben unser Einkehr genommen zu Bandali in einer ganz neue auferbaueten Caravansera, ware Sonns tag/und der 14:October, [We stopped off at Bandali in a brand new caravanserai, it was Sunday and the 14th of October.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 272 « Den 28. dito trokken wy over een zeer moejelyk klippig en kleyagtig ge- bergte, alwaar een ſchoone nieuwe over- dekte Tank op ſtaat, met ſlegt water voorzien; want men alhier 4 a 5 mylen in 't rond ſlegt water heeft. Wy qua- men voorby twee vervalle Karrawanſera's Onefoor genaamd, en floegen ons ter neder tot Bandali, niet weinig verheugd zynde, dat wy nu de Zee weer zagen, alzoo deze plaats op 't gebergte aan ſtrand legt. [On the 28th we crossed a very difficult, rocky and clayey mountain range, where there is a beautiful new covered tank, supplied with fresh water; because there is water 4 to 5 miles around here. We passed two ruined Karrawanſeras called Onefoor, and settled down to Bandali, not a little rejoicing that we now saw the Sea again, as this place lays on the mountain on the beach.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 267 « Den 7. Namiddernacht, ten 4 uuren brak hy op, en quam in de Carrawanfera tot Bandali ten half zeven, [On the 7th midnight, at 4 o'clock, he set out, and arrived at the Carrawanfera at Bandali at half past six,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 272 ※ SOURCE for Bandalie « We continued our journey on the fifth at sunset, and arrived at midnight at the Caravanserai of Bandalie after a journey of 5. » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 319 ※ SOURCE for Bandally « The firſt night (from Gumbroon) wee rode to Bandally, fixteene English miles (and moft part along the gulph) or to compute it in the Perſian tongue, five farfangs and a halfe; a farlang (Pliny calls it a parasang which containes thirty ftades or foure Italian miles) is three of ours, or a Dutch league; in namesonly different. At Band Ally we found a neat Carravansraw or Inne » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 124 ※ SOURCE for Bande Aly « 'sCompagnies saeken op 't hoogste in agtinge gegeven hebbende, heeft Sijn Edele 't affscheyt genomen en met 'tgevolgh wegh gevordert tot 's avont ten negen uyren, dat in de carewansera (1) Bande Aly (2) 2½ mijl van Gamron ende dight aan de strandt gelegen, op de manier van een cruyskerkje in 't midden een achtcante overwulffde plaets gemaekt en seer gerieffelijk voor den reysiger. Van hier geraekte fn. 1 Karavanserai (woordelijk: verblijf, herberg der karavanen).fn. 2 Bend Ali. - Een Bend is een dam in een stroom ter opstuwing van het water voor irrigatie. Dupré (Foy. en Perse, I, 389) 1807, ver- meldt omtrent deze plaats de grafstede van een mohammed. heilige: [Having given the Company's utmost consideration, His Honor took the post and accordingly progressed until nine o'clock in the evening, which was in the carewansera (1) Bande Aly (2) 2½ miles from Gamron and the located close to the beach, in the manner of a Cruys church in the middle an octagonal overwhelmed place created and very comfortable for the visitor. Got from here fn. 1 Caravanserai (literally: residence, inn of caravans). fn. 2 Bend Ali. - A Bend is a dam in a stream to impound water for irrigation. Dupré (Foy. en Perse, I, 389) 1807, mentions the grave of a Mohammed about this place. saint:] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Bendali « : about an hour and a half after, we came to another little covered Kervanferay, called Bendali, which is but an Agatfch from Houni Serikb, and cloſe by the Sea: werefted there two hours, becauſe they would have fired upou us from the Fort of Bender Abaʃʃi, it we had come there in the Night time, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 135 ※ SOURCE for Bend-Ali « L'autre chemin, qui est sur la droite, qui est le seul bon chemin, n'est presque qu'un sable continuel jusqu'au Bander-Abassi, et il se fait d'ordinaire en une journée. On passe deux carvanseras, dont le dernier s'appelle Bend-Ali, bâti au bord de la mer; et c'est où a été enterré Monsieur de Lalain, l'un des deux députés que le Roi avait envoyés en Perse et aux Indes pour l'établissement de la nouvelle compagnie de commerce dans l'Orient. [The other path, which is on the right, which is the only good path, is almost only continuous sand up to Bander-Abassi, and it is usually done in one day. We pass two carvanseras, the last of which is called Bend-Ali, built by the sea; and this is where Monsieur de Lalain was buried, one of the two deputies that the King had sent to Persia and the Indies for the establishment of the new trading company in the Orient.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 325-6 ※ SOURCE for Bendaly « Les environs de Bendaly (1) sont sablon- neux, remplis de dattiers et de pruniers sauvages. On y voit aussi de-çå et de-là beaucoup de ci- ternes de caravanserais et de tombeaux. fn. 1 Bend A'ly est un käravansérây ouvert de tous côtés pour laisser circuler l'air de la mer, dont il n'est éloigné que de 300 pas. Les habitans, qui végétent dans le plus grand dénument, habitent de misérables cabanes couvertes de feuilles de palmier et montées sur des roues pour pouvoir changer de place quand il leur plaît. Eend A'ly est à cinq lieues de Goûr bazárgaun. Fryer's account of East India and Persia, 230; Voyages de C. Le Bruyn, tom. IV, Pag. 476. (L-s.) [The surroundings of Bendaly (1) are sandy, full of date palms and wild plum trees. We also see here and there many caravan cisterns and tombs. fn. 1 Bend A'ly is a käravansérây open on all sides to let the sea air circulate, from which it is only 300 steps away. The inhabitants, who vegetate in the greatest destitution, live in miserable huts covered with palm leaves and mounted on wheels so that they can change places whenever they please. Eend A'ly is five leagues from Goûr bazárgaun. Fryer's account of East India and Persia, 230; Travels of C. Le Bruyn, tom. IV, Page. 476. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 503 ※ SOURCE for Bendaly « 6th March. Sett out for Bendaly, 4 farsangs, a little hilly way. note: Diary of 6 March 1707/8. Bendaly. Band-i-'Alî. See Fryer, II, 177 and n. 1. Le Bruyn praises the "Caravanserai of Band-Alie" (II, 71): "That building is open on all sides, for the commodious admission of the breezes, which blow from the sea, and are very refreshing; that place being not above 3000 paces distant from the gulf of Persia, which much resembles the main sea." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49-50 ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Band-i- 'Ali « Birkeh Band-i- 'Ali » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Bandar_Abbas G-40C 1942} « At 9 miles pass the ruined caravanserai and cistern of Band-i-'Ali. (No water in March 1907.) The sea lies half a mile to the south. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 27 « Birkeh Band-i- 'Ali » in {map#1242 , , , 'BUNDER ABBAS-PUHAL SURVEY ', '(Sd.) B.W. MAINPRISE, Capt. R.E., Octr. 1913.' [?49r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/316, f 49, in Qatar Digital Library fig. Section No. II Suru to the Rud-i-Kul} « We then pass the cistern and ruined caravanserai of "Band Ali," the former apparently in good repair, and, for 100 yards or so, traverse broken ground, intersected by gullies, amid low hillocks of sand and sun-baked clay. The mounds of sand to south of the road then merge in the general surface, and afford a view of the sea, distant about half a mile, and of the adjacent islands of Hormuz and Kishm. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 37 ※ SOURCE for C. Bandali « Den 7. Namiddernacht, ten 4 uuren Komt te brak hy op, en quam in de Carrawanſera Bandali ten half zeven, tot welke plaats toe zyn Ed: door den koopman van Hairen, en den onder-koopmande Later, uytgelei gedaan wierd, nemende de zelve, daar van zyn Ed. afſcheid. [On the 7th afternoon, at 4 o'clock, he arose and arrived at the Carrawanreta Bandali at half past six, to which place his Ed: by the merchant of Hairen, and the sub-merchant de Later, was carried away, taking the same, there from his Ed. farewell.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 272 ※ SOURCE for K. Bend Ali « ½ Farach nach der Karawanserei Bend Ali (Band Ali). Ist eine neue Sommerkarawanserei, guten Klanges, erhabenen Grundes ins Kreuz gebaut mit einem großen Mittelgewölbe und Seiten-Eiwanen im Kreuz. Zwischen welchen außen in jeder Ecke ein wohlgebautes Kämmenden ist. Nach dem Meeren zu hat sie noch eine Erweiterung bekommen, die in 2 großen, offenen, erhabenen Eiwanen besteht, bequem und kuhl zu logieren. - Ist etwa einen Musketenschuß von dem Golf. [½ Farach to the Bend Ali caravanserai (Band Ali). Is a new summer caravanserai, of good sound, built on a sublime base in the cross with a large central vault and side eggs in the cross. Between which there is a well-built combing end in every corner. After the sea, she got an extension, which consists of 2 large, open, raised eggs, comfortable and cool to stay in. - Is about a musket shot from the Golf.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 125 ※ SOURCE for Kar Bendali « Nach Kar Bendali (Kâr Band-e 'Ali) und weiter nach Bostuun (Bostânu). Unweit davon haben wir unter freiem Himmel bei einem Hirten geschlafen, der uns ein ziemlich gutes Trinkwasser wußte zu spendieren. [To Kar Bendali (Kâr Band-e 'Ali) and further to Bostuun (Bostânu). Not far from there we slept under the open sky with a shepherd who gave us some pretty good drinking water.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 143 Bohre'tork Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.07178 long 54.648035 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bacper tark کاروانسرای بهر ترک VARIANT names: Bohre'tork Caravanserai , Borazjan Caravanserai Bushehr : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Borazjan caravanserai , Borazjan Caravanserai Bushehr , Borazjan Moshir-ol-Molk Castle , Karavanserail Borazdjan , ※ SOURCE for Borazjan caravanserai «1668-050 Borāzjān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N29 16 1.61 E51 12 29.73 0.78 ha 6.01 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Borazjan Caravanserai Bushehr online reference link [accessed 29 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Borazdjan « Karavanserail Borazdjan (Abb. 5; 20; 21) (21)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht + 30 m ü. N. N. im Zen-trum von Borazdjan (22).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und drei Stallab-teilungen. In den Außenfassaden hoher Bau mit Verteidi-gungsfunktion (Abb. 21).Abmessungen: sind in der iranischen Planaufnahme nicht ablesbar.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanserail befindet sich in gutem baulichen Zustand und ist in Be-nutzung.Inschriften: nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit im 19.Jahrhundert errichtet.fn 21 Karavanserail Borazdjan wird von Revolutionsgarden besetzt, ein Betreten ist unmöglich. Es liegt ein Grundriß der iranischen Be-hörden- ohne Maßstabsangabe vor (Abb. 20).fn 22 Am Hauptplatz des Ortes. Abb. 21 wurde A. L. de Vilmorin, De Paris A Bombay par la Perse (Paris 1895) 344 entnommen. Borazdjan wurde am 8. 11. 1990 besucht. [Borazdjan Caravanserai (Figs. 5; 20; 21) (21)Location: The caravanserai stands 30 m above sea level in the center of Borazdjan (22).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and three stable compartments. The outer facades feature a tall structure with a defensive function (Fig. 21).Dimensions: Not discernible on the Iranian map.Building material: Fired bricks, plastered.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is in good structural condition and is in use.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Probably built during the Qajar period in the 19thcentury.fn 21 Borazdjan Caravanserai is occupied by Revolutionary Guards; entry is impossible. A floor plan provided by the Iranian authorities is available- without a scale (Fig. 20).fn 22 At the town's main square. Fig. 21 was taken from A. L. de Vilmorin, De Paris A Bombay par la Perse (Paris 1895) 344. Borazdjan was visited on November 8, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 20 Borazjun : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3056856 coordinate: lat 29.269896 long 51.218803 NIMA/GNS names: Borazdjan , Borazjan , Borazjun , برازجان , برزدجن , VARIANT names: Barazgoon , Borasgoon , Borasgoun , Borasgun , Borasjoon , Borauzgoon , Borazjan , Borazjun , Burazjun , ※ SOURCE for Barazgoon « We went southerly 'along the foot of the hills, as on our right was swampy ground i and in our way we passed some fretid pools, and were plagued with flies and musquitoes: the night was calm and warm. The road gradually turning off to the south-west, we came in about five hours to the large scattered village of Barazgoon, seated among palm-trees, and four fursucks from Dahlikee. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343 ※ SOURCE for Borasgoon « Borasgoon » in {map#1129 Map of Asia Minor Armenia and Koordistan, , 1816, #3020 John Macdonald Kinneir, Journey Through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan in the Years 1813 and 1814, John Murray, London, 1818 ~} ※ SOURCE for Borasgoun [caravanserai coordinates lat. 29.267250° long 51.208444°. PBR] « By 1876, the caravanserai was ready, so that now Borazjan was described as consisting of “a telegraph-station, a caravansarai, and a village.”(114) … The new caravanserai made quite an impression on European travellers. From afar it stood out as a landmark against the sky, looking like a two-tiered mediaeval castle with lofty and loopholed walls, ramparts, enormous towers and turrets. Everyone considered it to be the finest caravanserai in Iran, and although “it lost much of its impressiveness as one draws nearer,” it was still a magnificent building. On the inside there was “a splendid suite of rooms for the governor or other travelling officials of high rank.”(116) Although a caravanserai, the building was at the same time a stronghold “capable of being utilised as a fort, the reason why locally it was called dezh or fort. High Persian officials passing through Burazjan treat the Sarai as a residence.”(117) Apparently, later some smaller additional caravanserais were constructed in Borazjan. According to a survey by 1896, the town had one large caravanserai and three small ones.(118) fn. 114. Arnold 1877, p. 401. fn. 115. Bradley-Birt 1909, pp. 61-62; Weeks 1896, p. 127; Stack 1882, vol. 1, p. 31. fn. 116. Curzon 1892, vol. 2, p. 226 (with description); Weeks 1896, p. 127; De Vilmorin 1895, pp. 343-44. (with a detailed description and drawing); Bradley-Birt 1909, pp. 61-2; Williams 1907, p. 42; Sadid al-Saltaneh 1362, p. 30; Pirzadeh 1343, vol. 2, p. 413. fn. 117. Lorimer 1915, p. 328; Farrashbandi 1336, vol. 2, p. 224. This caravanserai was used as the headquarters of the fourth battalion of the gendarmerie as of 1913. Akhgar 1366, p. 109. fn. 118. Sadid al-Saltaneh 1362, pp. 30-31 (unless the small ones had already existed prior to 1876, but had been disregarded by Europeans, which seems unlikely). » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ pp. 41-2 « Nous arrivons à Borasgoun, l'un des plus vastes caravânséraï de la Perse, construit en pierres de taille, à une époque encore toute récente. L'aspect engageant de ce monument nous invite à y pénétrer, et même à nous y installer. » #3071 Lacoin de Vilmorin, De Paris à Bombay par la Perse, Firmin-Didot, Paris, 1895 ~ p. 343 ※ SOURCE for Borasgun « Borasgun (39) the 2nd place out of Bushire I reached on 1st May ... Borasgun is very hot, has a good bazaar, the best Caravanserai (44) in Persiabuilt by the Mushir-ud-daulah (45) or Prime minister (now dead) as a charity. It would easily accommodate 1,000 men. fn. 39 Stanley (1895), vol. 2. p. 410: “Borazjûn is inhabited by a most murderous set of people, and is famous in history for being the scene of a battle between the English troops and the Persians, February 8th, 1857. I am not likely to forget the scores of scorpions I saw at this place.” fn. 44 Vilmorin (1895), p. 344: “Although the first floor of thecaravansary was clean and well kept, the same could not be saidof the small rooms on the ground floor which surrounded thecourtyard. The filth some people had left behind was dreadful….The telegraph station was near the caravanserai.” fn. 45 Possibly Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh Sepahsalar(1828–1881) was the prime minister (sadr-e a’zam) of Naseral-Din Shah Qajar of Iran (Persia) between 1871 and 1873. » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ pp. 43-4 ※ SOURCE for Borasjoon « Borasjoon » in {map#1161 Route of H.M. Mission through Persia on 1809, , , #3070 James Justinian Morier, A Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1812 ~} ※ SOURCE for Borauzgoon « Borauzgoon [name of place] | 24 [miles] | Road good, over a plain. At six miles crossed the bed of a dry river, called Kharga, breadth about fifty or sixty feet. At fifteen miles a village on the right of the road. Half a mile before Borauzgoon the road stony. Borausgoon is a large village, sur- rounded with a mud wall, flanked with towers. [remarks] » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ Appendix p. 363 ※ SOURCE for Borazjan « Fourteen years later there was still no caravanserai, for though the road through Borazjan was a major trade route one did not find a caravanserai till one reached Daleki.106 However, there was the ruin of the old caravanserai, for in 1875 Ballantine wrote that there was a caravanserai, but it was totally tumbled down.107 This means that either between 1865 and 1875 a caravanserai had been built, which in that short period had become ruined, which seems highly unlikely, or what is more likely, that it was the ruin of the caravanserai destroyed in 1824. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 41 « we reached Burazjun at half-past nine at night, hungry and tired. Mr. Arshak, who was there in charge of the telegraph station, received us hospitably, and gave us a good dinner. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 31 ※ SOURCE for Borazjun « Burazjún is a large village, with walls and towers; near it we observed some cultivated land and trees. … During the twenty-ninth, we halted at Burazjún; but foupd it difficult to procure a sufficiency of. Provisions for our numerous party. … Near our camp was the tomb of some modern Imámzádah or Mohammedan saint » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 254 and 257 « At Borazjun for that was the name of the village which lay near the 'fortress' (which turned out a fine caravanserai)-I found the first rest-house of the Indo-European Telegraphs. These rest-houses, primarily intended for the superintendents of the line, are dotted at intervals all the way up the main trade route from Bushire to the Caspian, and the officials are most generous in allowing travellers to make use of them on their journeyings. Sometimes they are detached buildings, sometimes they are specially apportioned parts of the common caravanserai; » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 42 Bulak sarai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.223394 long 62.781979 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: unknown structure 45x45m sarai ? VARIANT names: Bulak sarai , Bunemad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.699448 long 53.986077 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bonemad کاروانسرای بونماد VARIANT names: Bunemad Caravanserai , Bustano Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.081035 long 55.992952 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bostano کاروانسرای بوستانو VARIANT names: Bustano Caravanserai , Caravan site Tabas : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.714956 long 56.798452 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: location not known. this is a proposed location of building 37x22m with internal courtyard 17x12m VARIANT names: Caravan site Tabas , ※ SOURCE for Caravan site Tabas « Karawanenort Tabas (Abb. 5 und 99) (107)Lage: Tabas liegt an der großen Wüsten-Durchgangs-straße von Khorasan und Herat nach Yazd und Esfahan und auch von Qucan und Sabzevar nach Kerman, 465 km westlich von Herat und 285 km nordöstlich von Yazd, in + 690 m ü. N. Ν.Im Stadtzentrum, in der Nähe vom Bazar und der Zitadelle, liegt ein qadjarisches Karavanserail, nicht vermes-sen.fn 107 Tabas wurde vom 3. 3. bis 5. 3. 1976 und am 11.3. 1977 besucht. L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 636. [Caravan site Tabas (Figs. 5 and 99) (107)Location: Tabas lies on the major desert thoroughfare from Khorasan and Herat to Yazd and Isfahan, and also from Qucan and Sabzevar to Kerman, 465 km west of Herat and 285 km northeast of Yazd, at an elevation of 690 m above sea level.In the city center, near the bazaar and the citadel, is a Qajar caravanserai, not surveyed.(fn 107) Tabas was visited from March 3 to 5, 1976, and on March 11, 1977. L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, p. 636.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 71 caravansarai Pazaunu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: unavble to identify location. VARIANT names: caravansarai Pazaunu , caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for caravansarai Pazaunu « At about 17 miles a ruined caravansarai Pazaunū with a streamlet of fresh water running along the road side is reached. The direction from here is S.-S.-E. up a rocky valley in which there is a continuous ascent where the going is very stony. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai [no place name given - description used for Route 84 stage 005a. PBR] « On the summit of the mountain appear the ruins of a caravanserai. We descend from it to enter an uncultivated valley. Beyond a dried-up torrent, we climb another mountain called Passanou, covered with thick woods » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 2 p. 61 caravanserai (?) Kushk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.643318 long 51.496126 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserai (?) Kushk , caravanserai (?) nr Bazbacheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 30.915098 long 52.441914 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: possibly ruined caravanserai square, external walls 47m with internal courtyard 36m square having circular towers at four corners orientated 45° to north. adjacent to north east corner ruined rectangular building 34x21m VARIANT names: Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?) , caravanserai (?) nr Bazbacheh , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan (?) « Our next stage being a long one, we set out three boors before sun-rise, going south-south-cast, over uneven ground, and at day-break we came to a ruined station called Caravansera Shah Sultan Hussan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 256 Caravanserai (?) nr Eran : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.91266 long 65.071561 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai (?) nr Eran , Caravanserai (7 Km west of Anveh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 27.40396 long 54.219162 VARIANT names: Caravanserai (7 Km west of Anveh) , Karavanserail 7 km westlich Anveh , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai (7 Km west of Anveh) « Caravanserai (7 Km west of Anveh) Anveh, Iran (Islamische Republik), Asien arachne.dainst.org/entity/6258787 Arachne ID:6258787 Category: Orte Old serial number:163859 Informationen zum Ort Verweise Datensatz im iDAI.Gazetteer Koordinaten Long: 54.219143 Lat: 27.404113 exakt Caravanserai (7 Km west of Anveh) » online reference link [accessed 31 Dec 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 7 km westlich Anveh « Karavanserail 7 km westlich Anveh (Abb. 8; 253) (132)Lage: 7 km westlich von Anveh, in + 510 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit fünf tonnengewölbten Räumen und einem Eingangsraum.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 21,20 × 21,20 m, Hofab-messungen 13,70 × 13,70 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 132 Das Karavanserail wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Caravanserail 7 km west of Anveh (Fig. 8; 253) (132)Location: 7 km west of Anveh, at 510 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with five barrel-vaulted rooms and an entrance hall.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 21.20 × 21.20 m, courtyard dimensions 13.70 × 13.70 m, building height 3.20 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn 132 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 137 Caravanserai (9 Km west of Anveh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 27.400373 long 54.200544 VARIANT names: Caravanserai (9 Km west of Anveh) , Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 9 km westlich Anveh , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai (9 Km west of Anveh) « Caravanserai (9 Km west of Anveh) Anveh, Iran (Islamische Republik), Asien arachne.dainst.org/entity/6258788 Arachne ID:6258788 Category: Orte Old serial number:163860 Informationen zum Ort Verweise Datensatz im iDAI.Gazetteer Koordinaten Long: 54.200544 Lat: 27.400373 exakt Caravanserai (9 Km west of Anveh) » online reference link [accessed 31 Dec 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 9 km westlich Anveh « Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 9 km westlich Anveh (Abb. 8; 254) (133)Lage: 9 km westlich von Anveh, 5 km südöstlich des Passes (+690 m ü. N.N.), zwischen Anveh und Hormud-e Bagh, an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar. Zwi-schen der Station und dem nächsten Karavanserail in 17 km Entfernung stehen drei größere, runde Zisternen (nicht vermessen).Typ: Einraum-Gebäude mit hervorgehobenem Eingang.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,50 × 4,20 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,10 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch.fn 133 Die Station wurde am 14.3.1986 aufgenommen. [Small Caravanserail (Station) 9 km west of Anveh (Fig. 8; 254) (133)Location: 9 km west of Anveh, 5 km southeast of the pass (+690 m a.s.l.), between Anveh and Hormud-e Bagh, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar. Between the station and the next caravanserail, 17 km away, are three large, round cisterns (not surveyed).Type: Single-room building with a prominent entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions 10.50 × 4.20 m, building height 3.10 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar.fn 133 The station was recorded on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 138 caravanserai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: 25x25m 6 no. 5x2 rooms north east ans south west sides, bastions at four corners VARIANT names: caravanserai ? , caravanserai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: needs confirmation VARIANT names: caravanserai ? , Caravanserai Ab Barik : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 30.732172 long 52.470823 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: 75x54m orientation of 75m wall 26 from north with six round corners towers VARIANT names: Caravanserai Ab Barik , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Caravanserai Ab Barik FOR Dombona carav. [[unable to associate namw] PBR], ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai Ab Barik « Koordinaten Long: 52.470823 Lat: 30.732172 exakt Ab Barik » arachne dainst online reference link [accessed 10 Apr 2025] « Karavanserail Ab Barik (Taf. 13,3) (Abb. 5; 130)(92)Lage: 18 km südlich des Karavanserails Kushk-e Zar und etwa 25 km (Luftlinie) nördlich von Emamzadeh Esma'il, in + 2220 m ü. N. N., an der Kurzstrecke von Esfa-han nach Shiraz und am Kreuzungspunkt mit einer moder-nen Straßenverbindung von Yasudj über Aspar-Eqlid-Abarku nach Yazd (Abb. 5).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit - soweit noch erkennbar -mindestens drei Iwanen und runden Ecktürmen sowie im Südteil durchgehenden Stallungen (Abb. 131).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 58 × 47 m, Hofabmessungen 30 x 25 m, bis 2 m hohe Schuttwälle. Baumaterial: Bruchsteine.fn. 92 Die Reste des Karavanserails wurden am 8. 6. 1987 aufgenommen. [Caravanserai Ab Barik (Plate 13.3) (Fig. 5; 130) (92)Location: 18 km south of the Kushk-e Zar caravanserai and approximately 25 km (as the crow flies) north of Emamzadeh Esma'il, at +2220 m above sea level, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz and at the intersection with a modern road connection from Yasudj via Aspar-Eqlid-Abarku to Yazd (Fig. 5).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with—as far as can still be seen—at least three iwans and round corner towers, as well as continuous stables in the southern part (Fig. 131).Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 58 × 47 m, courtyard dimensions 30 × 25 m, rubble walls up to 2 m high. Construction material: rubble.fn. 92 The remains of the caravanserai were photographed on June 8, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 77 Caravanserai Ahmadi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.615611 long 52.547922 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ahmadi کاروانسرای احمدی VARIANT names: Caravanserai Ahmadi , caravanserai and cistern (NW Bastak) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: caravanserai and a bourkah , caravanserai and cistern (NW Bastak) , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai and a bourkah « At 1½ miles a broad stony ravine is entered, and at 3½ miles a small caravanserai and a bourkah are passed. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 8 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai and cistern (NW Bastak) « and at 3½ miles a small caravanserai and a cistern are passed. The road, now stony, leads up, winding about, some times in and sometimes outside of a nālā which is very stony and steep in parts, where it twists about between huge boulders, and is quite impassable to guns. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 69 caravanserai at Khusk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.643302 long 51.496151 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserai at Khusk , khan Mohur Dar Koosh , ※ SOURCE for khan Mohur Dar Koosh « We found, after some enquiry, a halt of comparative privacy in the khan Mohur Dar Koosh, where there were but few travellers, and these chiefly Bagdad merchants. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 194 Caravanserai Babur's Garden Kabul : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.502354 long 69.156296 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai Babur's Garden Kabul , caravanserai Basti Kamku : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.368087 long 55.022247 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bascomakoe , caravanserai Basti Kamku , caravanserai Bastu-Komakū , ※ SOURCE for Bascomakoe « Den 24. dito trokken wy voorby 3 Karrawanſera's, Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, en Sertang genaamd, hebbende elendige huis-veſting. [On the 24th we passed by three Karrawanſeras, called Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, and Sertang, who had miserable housing.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai Basti Kamku « The road now leaves the Hajamal river, and emerging into aplain some one and a half miles broad, passes between the lowclayey hills which border it on the east. At 5¾ miles the ruinedcaravanserai of Basti Kamku is passed. Water from threecisterns. Grazing poor. Fuel scanty. Supplies nil. At6 miles the road passes between dried mud hillocks which risedirectly from the side » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 33 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai Bastu-Komakū « The ground at times gravelly and stony, at other times earthy, is bare of vegetation save for some scattered furze. Two furlongs in advance the road passes the old, and rather delapidated caravanserai of Bastu-Komakū. At 12 miles 6 furlongs, we strike the river Hajamal, salt water running, a few inches deep, and 30 to 40 feet broad, bed varying in width from 150 to 200 yards. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 29 « Basti Komaku » in {map#1241 in #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ fig. 'Skecth Map to Illustrate Report of Mr. Butcher's Survey from Bushire to Bandar-Abbas During 1888} Caravanserai Dalaki : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai Dalaki , Dahlikee caravansera , Karavanserail Dalaki , ※ SOURCE for Dahlikee caravansera « It was sun-set before we reached the bottom of this pass, when we turned around to the south to enter the large village of Dahlikee, where we found shelter in a new and good caravansera. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dalaki « Karavanserail Dalaki Lage: Im Ortsgebiet, 23 km nördlich von Borazdjan und 11 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Hadji Maha-mad Rahim. Dalaki liegt in + 100 m ü. N. N. am Fuß des Ge-birges an der Straße Bushehr - Shiraz.Typ: Großes Karavanserail mit vier Iwanen.Abmessungen: nicht bekannt.Baumaterial: Gemörteltes Bruchsteinmauerwerk (?).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und in Benutzung.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Dalaki CaravanserailLocation: Within the town limits, 23 km north of Borazdjan and 11 km southwest of the Pol-e Hadji Maha-mad Rahim Caravanserail. Dalaki lies at an elevation of approximately 100 m above sea level at the foot of the mountains on the Bushehr-Shiraz road.Type: Large caravanserail with four iwans.Dimensions: Unknown.Building material: Mortared rubble masonry (?).Structural features and condition: Well-preserved and in use.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 21 Caravanserai Dehra ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: ruined building 24m square. VARIANT names: Caravanserai Dehra ? , Caravanserai Goumrong : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.615974 long 52.548041 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai Goumrong , Gomrok caravanserai , Seray-e Gomrok , Caravanserai Khan-i-Kuh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.044728 long 56.736323 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Khargur Caravanserai کاروانسرای خرگور VARIANT names: Caravanserai Khan-i-Kuh , Karavanserail Godar-e Khargu , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai Khan-i-Kuh « quitting the Tehrán road, we struck south-west, entering a broad belt of hills covered with rhubarb, in which we found a filthy little caravanserai, known as Khán-i-Kuh. Just below it the direct route from Kermán via Kheirabád joined in, which had been explored by Captain Gill in 1880, and was traversed by myself in 1900. ... At the caravanserai I met a mild-looking old gentleman, who informed me that he was the General of the Kermán regiment, and on his way home. He had quitted the Farmán Farmá at Sirján after several months' pursuit of Husein Khán, Bahárlu (1) fn. 1 This very powerful chief rose not against the Shah, but against the Governor-General of Fárs, and finally gained the day, his enemy being dismissed from office. » #1631 Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, Ten thousand miles in Persia or eight years in Iran, John Murray, London, 1902, ~ p. 73 « This is gained at 9½ miles, and the track runs down a narrow and rocky defile to the caravanserai of Khan-i-Küh, which is reached at 11½ miles. Directly beyond the caravanserai the road to Baghin branches off to the left. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 12 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Godar-e Khargu « Karavanserail Godar-e Khargu (Taf. 18,1) (Abb. 4; 150) (64)Lage: 24 km nordöstlich von Bardsir (59 km nordöst-lich von Khaneh Sorkh), 18 km südwestlich von Bagin, in + 2090 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Kerman über Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas oder nach Shiraz.Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail mit drei Stallabteilungen und zwei Wohnräumen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 22,30 × 18,80 m, Hofab-messungen 11,70 × 7,70 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 4,10 m, Höhe der Eingangsfront 6,10 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Bruchsteinfundamenten.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen und partiell eingestürzt. Inschriften: Keine bekannt, über dem Eingang eine Nische für eine Bauinschrift. Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 64 Der Bau wurde am 16.4.1975 im Grundriß und am 12.3.1980 in Schnitten und Ansichten vermessen. [Godar-e Khargu Caravanserail (Plate 18.1) (Fig. 4; 150) (64)Location: 24 km northeast of Bardsir (59 km northeast of Khaneh Sorkh), 18 km southwest of Bagin, at an elevation of 2090 m above sea level, on the road from Kerman via Sirjan to Bandar-e Abbas or Shiraz.Type: Small courtyard caravanserail with three stable compartments and two living quarters.Dimensions: External dimensions 22.30 × 18.80 m, courtyard dimensions 11.70 × 7.70 m, height of courtyard facades 4.10 m, height of entrance frontage 6.10 m.Building material: Fired bricks on rubble stone foundations.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known; above the entrance, a niche for a building inscription.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 64 The building was surveyed in plan on April 16, 1975, and in sections and elevations on March 12, 1980.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 88 Caravanserai Nakhlestan-e Bashir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approximately external 14x14m internal courtyard 6.7x6.7m barrel roof 3.5m wide all 4 sides located 2.7km NbW of Fatuyeh VARIANT names: Caravanserai (14 Km southeast of Anveh) , Caravanserai Nakhlestan-e Bashir , Kleinkaravanserail 14 km südöstlich Anveh , Typ Senakhet km 101 (Pohanka) , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai (14 Km southeast of Anveh) « Caravanserai (14 Km southeast of Anveh) Anveh, Iran (Islamische Republik), Asien arachne.dainst.org/entity/6258784 Arachne ID:6258784 Category: Orte Old serial number:163856 Informationen zum Ort Verweise Datensatz im iDAI.Gazetteer Koordinaten Long: 54.403336 Lat: 27.354225 exakt Caravanserai (14 Km southeast of Anveh) » online reference link [accessed 31 Dec 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail 14 km südöstlich Anveh « Kleinkaravanserail 14 km südöstlich Anveh (Taf. 28,1.2) (Abb. 8; 249) (128)Lage: 14 km südöstlich von Anveh, in + 430 m ü. N. Ν., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail mit sechs tonnenge-wölbten Räumen und zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Eingängen mit Kuppeln.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,70 × 16,50 m, Hofab-messungen 8,60 × 8,30 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 128 Der Bau wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserai 14 km southeast of Anveh (Plate 28.1.2) (Figs. 8; 249) (128)Location: 14 km southeast of Anveh, at an elevation of 430 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Small courtyard caravanserai with six barrel-vaulted rooms and two opposing entrances with domes.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 16.70 × 16.50 m, courtyard dimensions 8.60 × 8.30 m, building height 3.60 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn 128 The structure was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 136 ※ SOURCE for Typ Senakhet km 101 (Pohanka) « Zwischen Anweh und Sheikh Hozur liegen noch zwei weitere Karavanserails vom Typ Senakhet im Ort Lar-Deh-Maya und isoliert stehend bei km 101. [Between Anweh and Sheikh Hozur there are two more caravanserai of the Senakhet type in the village of Lar-Deh-Maya and one standing isolated at km 101.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 302 Caravanserai of Pomegranate Sellers : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.661874 long 51.677656 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai of Pomegranate Sellers , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai of Pomegranate Sellers « No 4 Caravanserai of Pomegranate Sellers. Despite the specificity of its name, this caravanserai hosted purveyors of a range of fruits » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 Caravanserai Safi Elah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.375496 long 50.332546 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvan saraye safi aleh کاروان سرای صفی اله VARIANT names: Caravanserai Safi Elah , caravanserai Sheikh Ali Khan (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: requires further investigation as to location of the ruins VARIANT names: caravanserai , caravanserai Sheikh Ali Khan (?) , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « caravanserai » in {map#1419 in #3639 Eugène Flandin, Pascal Coste, Voyage en Perse de mm. Euge`ne Flandin, peintre, et Pascal Coste, architecte, entrepris par ordre de m. le ministre des affaires e´trange`res, d'apre`s les instructions dresse´es par l'Institut. Publie´ sous les auspices de m. le ministre de l'inte´rieur, Gide et J. Baudry, Paris, 1851-[54] ~ fig. Tak-i Bostan. Plan général de la plaine de Kirmanschah [Kirma¯nsha¯h].} ※ SOURCE for caravanserai Sheikh Ali Khan (?) « Pol-i-Karasu or Pol-i-Shah - This bridge consists of 6 arches and is very strongly built and kept in good condition. The whole structure is of burnt bricks. It was built by a certain Sheikh Ali Khan, once Prime Minister under one of the Saffavi Monarchs and an ancestor of the present Zahir-ul-Mulk. The bridge is on the highway between Kermanshah and Bisutun at 1 farsakh from the former and five from the latter. Close by are the ruins of a caravanserai built by the same Sheikh Ali Khan, as whakf for pilgrims. The Pol-i-Karasu furnishes in winter the only passage over the Karasu for many miles. » #3633 Gazetteer of Kermanshah., British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/19, in Qatar Digital Library, 1907 ~ p. 285 Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.190822 long 59.011348 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192675 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.235154 long 58.45729 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192622 » Caravanserai/Khan : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.657323 long 59.788514 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0207501 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.303543 long 59.22308 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192676 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.866446 long 58.938619 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0194775 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.776112 long 58.879011 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192661 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.16287 long 58.238155 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192658 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.107179 long 59.06129 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192604 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.158349 long 59.788229 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-019269 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.151131 long 59.788501 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192690 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.105751 long 59.107745 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192677 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.4703 long 59.218115 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192646 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.108561 long 59.205319 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192687 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.773598 long 61.402143 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192281 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.763774 long 60.201199 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192688 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.476579 long 60.211697 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192695 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.866584 long 59.375781 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192223 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.291116 long 58.15565 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192633 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.586884 long 58.877786 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192667 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.023364 long 59.178983 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192642 » Caravanserai/Khan : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.867245 long 57.425486 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192673 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.403993 long 59.288213 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192672 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.549796 long 59.039055 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192671 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.557427 long 60.08972 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192669 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.230906 long 58.983624 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192648 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.980905 long 59.149041 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192680 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.602563 long 58.900372 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192666 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.927707 long 58.708995 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0194707 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.019156 long 59.558548 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192657 » Caravanserai/Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.260923 long 60.947554 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0207124 » Caravanserai/Khan - 0207492 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 30.406982 long 55.991839 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0207492 C. no name VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207492 , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207492 EAMENA-0207492 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Caravanserai/Khan - 0231554 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.649388 long 49.059802 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0231554 no local name is is a fort? VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231554 , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231554 EAMENA-0231554 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] Caravanserai/Khan - 0231683 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.6153 long 47.46065 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0231683 no local name VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231683 , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231683 EAMENA-0231683 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] Caravanserai/Khan - 0231686 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.317441 long 47.068847 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0231686 no name VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231686 , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231686 EAMENA-0231686 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] Caravanserai/Khan Shoja Abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.439134 long 51.976526 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Shoja Abad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Shoja Abad « EAMENA-0231527 Caravanserai/Khan Shoja Abad » Caravanserai/Khan Abadeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 31.162411 long 52.649524 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0265181 VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Abadeh , Carawansera , Obadah caravensaroy , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Abadeh EAMENA-0265181 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Carawansera « About 12 a clock it began to snow very hard, so continuing till the Evening when we met with a good Carawansera, which was no small comfort to us, having no stomach to lie such weather without a Roof in the open Field. The same day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330 ※ SOURCE for Obadah caravensaroy « 10 [February]. About 8 set out for Obadah, 6 farsangs; plain way. about 1 afternoon; very bad Caravensaroy, but a large village where may have all things. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39 Caravanserai/Khan Ali Abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.461156 long 52.041964 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Ali Abad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Ali Abad « EAMENA-0231528 Caravanserai/Khan Ali Abad » Caravanserai/Khan Ardestan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.388693 long 52.374551 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Ardestan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Ardestan « EAMENA-0231524 Caravanserai/Khan Ardestan » Caravanserai/Khan Kumeshah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 32.034534 long 51.877964 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0265194 VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan Kumeshah , Kamscha Carauansera , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan Kumeshah EAMENA-0265194 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Kamscha Carauansera « I travell'd on the 18. and came that day to the village of Kamfcha,fix leagues from Majar. All this way was one continued walk, fet with trees on both fides in a direct line, with very pleasant Gardens adjoyning, ſo that I do not think there can be a more delightful place then that Village? but the Carauanfera, where I was to take up my lodging, had nothing but the bare walls. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1 Caravanserai/Khan near Ardestan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.385952 long 52.357723 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan near Ardestan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan near Ardestan « EAMENA-0231525 Caravanserai/Khan » Caravanserai/Khan near Esfidan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.447936 long 52.023474 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan near Esfidan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan near Esfidan « EAMENA-0216148 EAMENA-0231526 Caravanserai/Khan » Caravanserai/Khan near Taqi Abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.19782 long 51.446676 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan near Taqi Abad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan near Taqi Abad « EAMENA-0231544 Report Date: January 22, 2026 » Caravanserai/Khan north Asmadabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.225957 long 51.370281 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan north Asmadabad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan north Asmadabad « EAMENA-0231546 Report Date: January 22, 2026 » Caravanserai/Khan north Taqi Abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.223678 long 51.401301 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan north Taqi Abad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan north Taqi Abad EAMENA-0231545 Report Date: January 22, 2026 Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 30.158835 long 60.700011 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle « EAMENA-0207502 » Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.286862 long 59.444314 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan, Fort/Fortress/Castle « EAMENA-0207499 » Caravanserai-i Mahmud Beg : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.662051 long 51.6783 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Mahmud Beg , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Mahmud Beg « No 5 Caravanserai-i Mahmud Beg. This caravanserai housed merchants from Iran and Central Asia specializing in a wide range of goods including tableware, ceramics, perfumes and rice. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 Caravanserai-i Mustaufi Sabiq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.661652 long 51.678945 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Mustaufi Sabiq , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Mustaufi Sabiq « No 8 Caravanserai-i Mustaufi Sabiq. This caravanserai was occupied by wealthy merchants from both Iran and India. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 219 Caravanserai-i Saru Taqi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.661852 long 51.679521 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Saru Taqi , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Saru Taqi « No 9 Caravanserai-i Saru Taqi. Hosting sellers of dyed cloth, this caravanserai was named after a member of the court who was assassinated during its construction. For this reason, and despite its existing size and aesthetic virtue, its upper level was not completed. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 219 Caravanserai-i Yazdiyan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.66083 long 51.678639 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Yazdiyan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Yazdiyan « No 10 Caravanserai-i Yazdiyan. This facility composed of two associated inns, hosted merchants specializing in luxury, gold embroidered and brocaded garments as well as those selling more prosaic items such as rosewater, plain cloth and fruits. The latter group seemed to have hailed from the central Iranian city of Yazd, indicated in the caravanserai’s name. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 219 caravanserail Iman Zadeh Hachem : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.779392 long 52.038965 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserail Iman Zadeh Hachem , Karavanserail Imamzadeh Hashem , ※ SOURCE for caravanserail Iman Zadeh Hachem « Le caravansérail de l'Iz. Hachem, juste au bord de la piste, est repérable de fort loin, grâce à la proximité du tombeau voisin (pl. II, 3), Parfaitement symétrique, il est composé d'une première galerie faisant office de vestibule et débouchant à l'extrémité des écuries (fig. 3). [The Iz. Hachem caravanserai, right at the edge of the track, can be spotted from a great distance, thanks to the proximity of the neighboring tomb (pl. II, 3). Perfectly symmetrical, it consists of a first gallery serving as a vestibule and opening at the end of the stables (fig. 3).] » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 36 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Imamzadeh Hashem « Karavanserail Imamzadeh Hashem (Abb. 133 und 162) (113)Lage: Paßkaravanserail in + 1640 m Höhe ü. N.N., auf der Grenze der Provinzen Teheran und Mazanderan, neben dem gleichnamigen Imamzadeh, 13km südlich von Polur und km nordöstlich des Karavanserails Ab-e Ali, am Wege von Amol nach Teheran.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail.Abmessungen: Außenmaße, ohne Turmvorsprünge, aber mit Eingangsvorbau 16 x 12,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand:Gut erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 113 Siroux 36f. [Caravanserail Imamzadeh Hashem (Figs. 133 and 162) (113)Location: Pass caravanserail at an altitude of 1640 m above sea level, on the border of the provinces of Tehran and Mazanderan, next to the Imamzadeh of the same name, 13 km south of Polur and km northeast of the Ab-e Ali caravanserail, on the road from Amol to Tehran.Type: Covered mountain caravanserail.Dimensions: External dimensions, excluding tower projections but including the entrance porch, 16 x 12.60 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition:Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 113 Siroux 36f.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 95 Caravanserail Kalakoli (Qadjar) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.64239 long 53.04245 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserail Kalakoli (Qadjar) , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserail Kalakoli (Qadjar) « Karavanserail Kalakoli (Taf. 26,4; 27,1.2) (Abb. 5; 206)72 km westlich von Djahrom, 32 km westlich der Stra- Benstation am Wege nach Djahrom und etwa 22 km östlich Esfal sowie ca. 40 km südöstlich von Meymand, in + 1020 m ü. N. N., am alten Weg von Shiraz über Kavar und Meymand nach Djahrom.Am Platz sind eine ausgedehnte, mittelalterliche Burganlage, ein älteres Karavanserail, ein qadjarisches Kara- vanserail, eine Wüstung und ein dreiräumiges Emamzadeh (Abb. 206) voneinander zu unterscheiden.Das neuere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei winkel- förmigen Stallabteilungen im West- und im Ostflügel und vier oktogonalen Räumen in den Gebäudeecken. Vier Eck- türme.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 38 × 33 m, Hofabmessungen 20 x 20 m, Gebäudehöhe 4 m (Abb. 207).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell stark zerstört, teilweise als Stallung genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Fig. 205 Tang-e Zandjiran, Robat Qal'eh Kushk, ceramicsCaravanserail Kalakoli (Pl. 26.4; 27.1.2) (Fig. 5; 206)72 km west of Djahrom, 32 km west of the road station on the way to Djahrom and about 22 km east of Esfal and about 40 km southeast of Meymand, at + 1020 m above sea level, on the old route from Shiraz via Kavar and Meymand to Djahrom.On the site, an extensive, medieval castle complex, an older caravanserail, a Qajar caravanserail, a deserted village and a three-room emamzadeh (Fig. 206) can be distinguished from one another.The newer caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two angled stable sections in the west and east wings and four octagonal rooms in the corners of the building. Four corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 38 × 33 m, courtyard dimensions 20 x 20 m, building height 4 m (Fig. 207).Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Partially heavily destroyed, partly used as stables.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 116 Caravanserail Kalakoli (Safavid) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.64324 long 53.042557 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserail Kalakoli (Safavid) , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserail Kalakoli (Safavid) « Karavanserail Kalakoli (Taf. 26,4; 27,1.2) (Abb. 5; 206)72 km westlich von Djahrom, 32 km westlich der Stra- Benstation am Wege nach Djahrom und etwa 22 km östlich Esfal sowie ca. 40 km südöstlich von Meymand, in + 1020 m ü. N. N., am alten Weg von Shiraz über Kavar und Meymand nach Djahrom.Am Platz sind eine ausgedehnte, mittelalterliche Burganlage, ein älteres Karavanserail, ein qadjarisches Kara- vanserail, eine Wüstung und ein dreiräumiges Emamzadeh (Abb. 206) voneinander zu unterscheiden. Das ältere Karavanserail:Typ: Lage neben dem neueren Karavanserail. Hofan- lage mit vier Iwanen, Räume an den Außenmauern aufge- reiht. Anbau eines Vorhofes. Rundtürme an den Gebäude- ecken (Abb. 208).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 29 × 29 m, Hofabmessungen 17,20 × 17 m, Vorhof 29 x 20 m Au- ßenmaße.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Vorgängerbau des neueren Karavanserails, vielleicht safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. [Kalakoli Caravanserai (Table 26.4; 27.1.2) (Fig. 5; 206)72 km west of Djahrom, 32 km west of the road station on the way to Djahrom and about 22 km east of Esfal and about 40 km southeast of Meymand, at + 1020 m above sea level, on the old road from Shiraz via Kavar and Meymand to Djahrom.On the site, an extensive, medieval castle complex, an older caravanserai, a Qajar caravanserai, a deserted settlement and a three-room emamzadeh (Fig. 206) can be distinguished from one another.The older caravanserai:Type: Located next to the newer caravanserai. Courtyard complex with four iwans, rooms lined up along the outer walls. Addition of a forecourt. Round towers at the corners of the building (Fig. 208).Dimensions: external dimensions without tower projections 29 × 29 m, courtyard dimensions 17.20 × 17 m, forecourt 29 x 20 m external dimensions.Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: destroyed down to the foundations.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: predecessor building of the newer caravanserai, perhaps Safavid, 17th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 116 Carvansara sahl abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.773138 long 58.801409 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara sonpal abad کاروانسرا سهل آباد VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , Carvansara sahl abad , Karavanserail Robat Canbar Gharbal , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0194768 » ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Canbar Gharbal « Lage: 100 km nordwestlich von Mashhad, etwa 20 km westlich Radkan, etwa 20 km nordwestlich Seyyed Abad und etwa 40 km südöstlich von Qucan, in +1240 m ü. N. N., sowohl an der südlichen Route von Gorgan über Shahr-e Belqeys (Shahr-e Bilqis) nach Tus/Mashhad als auch an der Route von Qucan nach Mashhad.Typ: Vollständig überdecktes, fünfschiffiges Hallenka-ravanserail mit breiterem Mittelschiff.Abmessungen: 26 × 26,50 m Außenmaße ohne Portal-vorsprung, Höhe des Gebäudes 5,40 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 6 m. [Location: 100 km northwest of Mashhad, approximately 20 km west of Radkan, approximately 20 km northwest of Seyyed Abad, and approximately 40 km southeast of Qucan, at an elevation of 1240 m above sea level, situated on both the southern route from Gorgan via Shahr-e Belqeys (Shahr-e Bilqis) to Tus/Mashhad and the route from Qucan to Mashhad.Type: Fully covered, five-aisled hall caravanserail with a wider central nave.Dimensions: 26 × 26.50 m external dimensions without portal projection, building height 5.40 m, portal height 6 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 20 Carvansara sharif abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.584326 long 56.081123 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvan saraye sang hasin abad pel ebrisham کاروان سرای سنگ حسین آباد پل ابریشم VARIANT names: Carvansara sharif abad , Robat Now Gonbad , ※ SOURCE for Robat Now Gonbad « Robat Now Gonbad an der Route Shahrud - Djoghatay-Neyshabur (Nishapur) (Taf. 35,2 und 35,3) (Abb. 7 und 208) (96)Lage: 35 km östlich Tepe Qabri/Hosseinabad bei Bo-kran und 24 km westlich Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala, in + 1040 m ü. N.Ν.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, einer quer vor den Hof gelegten Stallabteilung, die durch den Eingang in 2 Hälften geteilt wird, runden Ecktürmen und vor94 Der Hügel wurde am 19. 10. 1994 besucht. AMI 28, 1995 (im Druck). 95 Die Südfront von Robat Sepandi wurde am 18. 5. 1994 vermessen,siehe M.Y. Kiani, AMI N.F. 7, 1974, 227 ff.gezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 34,50 × 28,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 18 × 17,20 m Hofabmessungen und 6,30 m Höhe des Portalbaus. Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, Gewölbe aus ge-brannten Ziegeln (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder frühqadjarisch.fn 96 Robat Now Gonbad wurde am 13. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Robat Now Gonbad on the Shahrud-Djoghatay-Neyshabur (Nishapur) route (Plates 35.2 and 35.3) (Figs. 7 and 208) (96)Location: 35 km east of Tepe Qabri/Hosseinabad near Bo-kran and 24 km west of Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala, at an elevation of 1040 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, a stable section positioned transversely in front of the courtyard and divided into two halves by the entrance, round corner towers, and a hill. 94 The hill was visited on October 19, 1994. AMI 28, 1995 (in press). 95 The southern front of Robat Sepandi was surveyed on May 18, 1994.See M.Y. Kiani, AMI N.F. 7, 1974, 227 ff.Recessed portal structure.Dimensions: 34.50 × 28.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 18 × 17.20 m courtyard dimensions, and 6.30 m height of the portal structure.Building material: Rubble masonry, vault of fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Safavid or early Qajar.fn 96 Robat Now Gonbad was surveyed on October 13, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 112 Carvansaraye biseh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: external walls approx. 20x20m internal courtyard approx. 14x14m VARIANT names: Carvansaraye biseh , Karvansara berke akhond , Kleinkaravanserail 8 km südöstlich Anveh , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail 8 km südöstlich Anveh « Kleinkaravanserail 8 km südöstlich Anveh (Abb. 8; 250) (129)Lage: 8 km südöstlich von Anveh, in + 460 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Kleinkaravanserail mit fünf Räumen und einem Eingang mit Kuppelgewölbe.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 21,50 × 21,50 m, Hofab-messungen 14,30 × 14 m, Gebäudehöhe 3 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 129 Das Kleinkaravanserail wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail 8 km southeast of Anveh (Fig. 8; 250) (129)Location: 8 km southeast of Anveh, at 460 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Small caravanserail with five rooms and a domed entrance.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 21.50 × 21.50 m, courtyard dimensions 14.30 × 14 m, building height 3 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.fn 129 The small caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 136 Carvansaraye gahkom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Carvansaraye gahkom , Gahkom caravansary , Station Gahkom , ※ SOURCE for Carvansaraye gahkom « Leaving the Ziarat, the road makes for a rocky spur of the Gakum range at 1 mile, over pat. Passing this the route swings N. and makes for a ruined caravanserai at 2 miles. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 7 ※ SOURCE for Gahkom caravansary « The facilities of the second route1. Gahkom گهکم caravansary (fig. 4): Gahkom is among the villages along the route connecting Hormūz to the Iranian Plateau. The caravan route divides here into three, one leading towards Sirjān Sirjān and Kerman, the other to Tarom, Forg, and Darab داراب and the last toward Tārom, Biyūnj, and Lār. Based on the construction method and style, it is probable that this caravansary was built in the 15th century CE. » #3350 Mohammad-Bāgher Vosoughi, Welfare and Security Establishments on the Hormūz Strait: Lārestān Caravan Routes between the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Centuries CE, in: ed. Roderich Ptak and Ralph Kauz, Asian Sea Straits Functions and History (c. 500 to 1700), Orientierungen: Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens, , 2015, pp. 86-109 ~ p. 98 ※ SOURCE for Station Gahkom « Station Gahkom (Taf. 23,2.3) (Abb. 7; 192)Lage: 18 km südwestlich von Hadjiabad, 32 km nörd-lich von Tang-e Dokan, in +680 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Kerman über Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas.Typ: Rechteckiger Baukörper mit quadratischem Mit-telraum, mit einer zentralen Rundsäule und je zwei Zim-mern nördlich und südlich des Mittelraumes. Im Norden sind zwei Räume angebaut.Abmessungen: Außenmaße einschließlich Anbau 18,90 × 7,90 m, Innenraumhöhe 4,40 m. [Gahkom Station (Plate 23.2.3) (Fig. 7; 192)Location: 18 km southwest of Hajibad, 32 km north of Tang-e Dokan, at an elevation of 680 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Kerman via Sirdjan to Bandar-e Abbas.Type: Rectangular structure with a square central room, a central round column, and two rooms each to the north and south of the central room. Two rooms are attached to the north side.Dimensions: External dimensions including the extension 18.90 × 7.90 m, internal height 4.40 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 111 Chah Begi caravanseray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.41472 long 53.690301 Supplement: 30x25m not confirmed VARIANT names: Chah Begi caravanseray , ※ SOURCE for Chah Begi caravanseray « We reached Chah-Begí, a miserable walled village, containing a few sordid and quarrelsome inhabitants, a little before 7 A.M. , and alighted at the dilapidated caravansaray, in front of which stand several sickly trees. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 354 Chah Gonbad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.49941 long 57.64297 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye chah gonbad کاروانسرای چاه گنبد VARIANT names: Chah Gonbad Caravanserai , Chah Kura : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.569321 long 56.850119 NIMA/GNS names: Chah Kura , Chah Kureh , Chah Kuru , چاه كوره , چاه كورو , VARIANT names: Chah Kura , Chah Kuran Caravanserai , Karavanserail Cah Kuru , ※ SOURCE for Chah Kuran Caravanserai «1668-047 Chāh kūrān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 34 9.6 E56 51 0.61 0.16 ha 35.69 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cah Kuru « Karavanserail Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru) (Taf. 21,1) (Abb. 4; 172) (76)Lage: 19 km südwestlich von Darband, 22 km nördlich Esma'ilabad, in + 1230 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Mash-had und Tabas nach Kerman. Am Ort befinden sich das Karavanserail, eine runde Zisterne, auf dem Felsrücken nordwestlich oberhalb des Karavanserails ein Wachtturm und zwei kleine Karawanenrichttürme (Mil) nordöstlich und östlich des Karavanserails, an den Wegen nach Tabas/Mashhad und nach Ravar/Kerman. In einem Wadi aufwärts nach Westen läuft ein Pfad nach Kuhbanan (Kuhbonan).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen zugleich Eingänge in die beiden Stallabtei-lungen in den Seitenflügeln sind. Der Bau hat vier runde Ecktürme und ein Pavillon-Obergeschoß (Abb. 173).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 33,80 × 33 m, Hofabmessungen 18 × 16 m, Größe des Pavillon-Obergeschosses 5,80 × 5,80 m (Außenmaße), Höhe der Hoffassaden und der Außenfassaden 4,60 m, Höhe des Torbaus, einschließlich Laterne der Kuppel 9,50 m (Abb. 174).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, leerstehend.Inschriften: Nicht bekannt. Eine Inschriftennische ist über dem Portal angebracht.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 76 Das Karavanserail wurde am 15.4.1982 vermessen. [Caravanserail Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru) (Plate 21.1) (Fig. 4; 172) (76)Location: 19 km southwest of Darband, 22 km north of Esma'ilabad, at an elevation of 1230 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad and Tabas to Kerman. The site includes the caravanserail, a round cistern, a watchtower on the rocky ridge northwest of the caravanserail, and two small caravanserail signal towers (mil) northeast and east of the caravanserail, on the roads to Tabas/Mashhad and Ravar/Kerman. A path leads westward up a wadi to Kuhbanan (Kuhbonan).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, the two side iwans also serving as entrances to the two stable sections in the side wings. The building has four round corner towers and a pavilion-style upper story (Fig. 173).Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 33.80 × 33 m, courtyard dimensions 18 × 16 m, pavilion-style upper story dimensions 5.80 × 5.80 m (external dimensions), height of the courtyard and exterior facades 4.60 m, height of the gatehouse, including the lantern of the dome 9.50 m (Fig. 174).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, vacant.Inscriptions: Unknown. An inscription niche is located above the portal.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 76 The caravanserail was surveyed on April 15, 1982.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 100 Chah Moslem Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: in google maps VARIANT names: Chah Moslem Caravanserai , Tang Kuh caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Chah Moslem Caravanserai کاروانسرای چاه مسلم ※ SOURCE for Tang Kuh caravanserai « to 2 feet in depth. Current slow. (N.B.-In flood this road would be im- practicable from 3 to 5 miles.) Leave the river by a short but steep ascent. Soil soft. At 5 miles the small caravanserai of Tang Kuh and its bourkah are visible at about mile's distance to the left of the road, which now runs over fairly open ground, and at 6 miles crosses a small dry nullah. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 4 Chahar'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , VARIANT names: caravasar (?) , Chahar'abad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Cabarabad , Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , ※ SOURCE for caravasar (?) « A 4, se paró en otro carauasar mejor reparado que el pasado, y aunque tenia á la entrada del una muy abundante fuente de clara y muy fria agua, [At 4, he stopped at another caravanserai better repaired than the previous one, and although it had at its entrance a very abundant spring of clear and very cold water,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cabarabad « Karavanserail Cabarabad (Chaharabad) (Abb. 12; 192)Lage: 14 km südwestlich vom Karavanserail Sardahan und 12 km nördlich des Karavanserails Bedjatabad, sowie auf einem direkten Weg rund 22 km nördlich vom Karavanserail Dombi, in +2040 m ü.N.N., am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kaspischen Meer. Das Karavan-serail liegt gegenüber dem safavidischen Schloß 17. Hier wird nur das Karavanserail besprochen.Typ: Oktogonales Hof-Karavanserail mit vier Iwanen, drei Stall-Abteilungen und eingezogenem Iwan-Portalbau.Abmessungen: Mit 50,50 x 48,20 m Außenmaße nicht genau oktogonal. Die Hofabmessungen betragen 23,70 x 21,25 m (Abb. 193). Die Höhe des Gebäudes kann auf 4,90 m undan Hand von Gewölbeansätzen - die Höhe des Portal-baus auf etwa 9,40 m rekonstruiert werden (Abb. 194).band. Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtelver-Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail ist sehr stark zerstört, nur noch Reste des Portals stehen aufrecht.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Zusammen mit dem benachbarten Schloß-bau in safavidischer Zeit, Anfang des 17. Jahrhundert, erbaut.107 Ebenda, 99 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 223 ff. - Die Anlage wurde am 22. 2. 1984 besucht. [Cabarabad (Chaharabad) Caravanserai (Figs. 12; 192)Location: 14 km southwest of the Sardahan Caravanserai and 12 km north of the Bedjatabad Caravanserai, and approximately 22 km north of the Dombi Caravanserai, at an elevation of 2040 m above sea level, on the Safavid Royal Road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian Sea. The caravanserai is located opposite Safavid Palace 17. Only the caravanserai itself is discussed here.Type: Octagonal courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, three stable sections, and a recessed iwan gateway.Dimensions: With external dimensions of 50.50 x 48.20 m, it is not exactly octagonal. The courtyard measures 23.70 x 21.25 m (Fig. 193). The building's height can be reconstructed as 4.90 m, and based on the remains of the vaults, the height of the portal structure as approximately 9.40 m (Fig. 194).Building material: Rubble masonry set in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is severely damaged; only remnants of the portal remain standing.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built together with the adjacent palace during the Safavid period, at the beginning of the 17th century.107 Ibid., 99 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 223 ff. - The site was visited on February 22, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 98 Chahargush Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.985593 long 51.44972 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye chehargosh کاروانسرای چهارگوش VARIANT names: Chahargush Caravanserai , Chah-e-Nou Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.542724 long 53.500843 Supplement: Chah-e-Nou Rabat Chah-e-Nou Caravanserai رباط چاه نو کاروانسرای چاه نو VARIANT names: Chah-e-Nou Caravanserai , Karavanserail Cah Now (Chahnow) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cah Now (Chahnow)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Cah Now (Chahnow) (Taf. 2,3) (Abb. 4; 21) 10Lage: 22 km südöstlich Now Gonbad, 17 km nord-westlich von Aqda, in + 1230 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Na'in nach Yazd. Der Karawanenort besteht aus mehreren Gebäuden. » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 22 Chah'farsi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.939359 long 53.249696 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat chah farsi رباط چاه فارسی VARIANT names: Chah'farsi Caravanserai , Karawanenstation Cabfarsi , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Cabfarsi « « At last we emerged from the bazaars into the fine spacious square called Meydán- i- Shah. On our right hand as we entered it was the 'Alí Kápí (Supreme Gate), which is the palace of the Zillu ' s -Sultán, the Prince Governor of Isfahan, of whom I have already spoken » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893~p. 196 [Cabfarsi (Chahfarsi) Caravan Station (Plates 29.4; 30.1) (Figs. 12; 246) (131)Location: 24 km northeast of Na'in, 53 km southwest of Anarak, and 15 km west of the Kashan-Yazd railway line, on the Esfahan-Na'in-Anarak-Khorassan route.It consists of a small station, two cisterns, and an unfinished caravanserail (Fig. 246).Type: The unfinished caravanserail is of the courtyard caravanserail type, with only one iwan still recognizable (Fig. 247). The station building is a long rectangular structure with domed vaults and a projecting entrance (Fig. 246). The cisterns are also elongated structures with domed vaults. Dimensions: Caravanserail width 38 m, probable length 40 m (Fig. 247).The station building has maximum dimensions of 26 x 8.20 m, the large cistern is 18 x 4.90 m and 4.40 m deep, the small cistern is 11.90 m long and 5 m wide (Fig. 246).Building material: Rubble stone and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Partially dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: All structures likely date from the Qajar period, 19th century.fn 131 The station buildings were surveyed on February 28, 1976.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 126 Chah-Khavar caravansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Cah Khavar station , Chah-i-Kavir caravanserai , Chah-Khavar caravansarai , Karavanserail Cah Khavar , ※ SOURCE for Cah Khavar station « Der kleinere Bau (Station):Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, vier runden Ecktür-men und vorgezogenem Portalbau (Abb. 112).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 22 x 22 m, Hofabmessun-gen 11,80 x 10,80 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,70 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lehmpackungen.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark ver-fallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [The smaller building (station):Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, four round corner towers, and a projecting gateway (Fig. 112).Dimensions: External dimensions 22 x 22 m, courtyard dimensions 11.80 x 10.80 m, building height 4.70 m.Building material: Mud bricks and clay infill.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 70 ※ SOURCE for Chah-i-Kavir caravanserai « CHAH-I-KAVIR-A caravanserai in Yazd, 37 miles from Yazd and about 20 miles from Fahraj on the road from Kirman, standing near the bed of a river, with nothing but bare, stony ridges, and dry, rocky hills all round. It is large and well built, with a well of rather brackish water, but quite solitary and untenanted. Abbott says that Balūch robbers are frequently found on this road. (Stack-Abbott.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 190 ※ SOURCE for Chah-Khavar caravansarai « By daylight we were astir, the guide cast about and recovered the road, and in an hour we reached the caravansarai of Chah- Kâvar. This stands near the bed of the river, with nothing but bare stony ridges and dry rocky hills all around; it is a large and well-built caravansarai, with a well of brackish water, but quite solitary and untenanted. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 1 p. 252 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cah Khavar « Das größere Karavanserail:Typ: Im Gelände zeichnet sich ein Hofkaravanserail ab, mit Außenmaßen von etwa 53 x 35 m und einem abgeschrägten, rechteckigen Hof von etwa 28,50 x 20,50 m Grö Se (Abb. 111).Abmessungen: In der nordöstlichen Ecke stehen die Ruinen eines Oktogons, mit Nischen und anschließenden Räumen. Das Oktogon ist 8,30 m weit und 4 m hoch. Es war nicht überdeckt und hat im Fußboden ein eingelasse-nes, rundes Wasserbecken.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (20/20/5,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. [The larger caravanserail:Type: The outline of the site reveals a courtyard caravanserail, with external dimensions of approximately 53 x 35 m and a sloping, rectangular courtyard of approximately 28.50 x 20.50 m (Fig. 111).Dimensions: In the northeast corner stand the ruins of an octagon, with niches and adjoining rooms. The octagon is 8.30 m wide and 4 m high. It was not roofed and has a recessed, round water basin in the floor.Building material: Fired bricks (20/20/5.5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 70 Chaki : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Chak Chak , Chaki , Cheki , Chuka , Chuki , Karavanserail Ceki , KM109 (Gaube) , S. Tschektschek , Sjek Sjek , 't Sjekke-sek , Tchek-Tchek , Tʃchektʃchek , ※ SOURCE for Chak Chak « Persian text omitted. [After going two farsakhs, they reached a pass called Chak Chak, which is somewhat difficult to pass. When the pass ends, there are two ponds, a caravanserai, and a spring. Some words have disappeared.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 582 ※ SOURCE for Chaki « Chaki (2 cisterns)» in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} « Chaki » in {map#1214 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Parts of Persia and Arabia, Surveyor General of India, , University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet 18 1908} ※ SOURCE for Cheki(Arch. Site) « Cheki » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Chuka «109 (km) Chuka (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Chuki « Chuki » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ceki « Karavanserail Ceki (Abb. 5; 263) (182)Lage: 9 km östlich von Bad Ney (Baha ed Din), 14 km nordwestlich von Hormud-e Abbasi, in + 680 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und vier Ställen in den Gebäudeecken. fn. 182 H. Gaube, a.a.O., 44.[Karavanserail Ceki (Fig. 5; 263) (182) Location: 9 km east of Bad Ney (Baha ed Din), 14 km northwest of Hormud-e Abbasi, at + 680 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. Type: Court caravanserail with two iwans and four stables in the corners of the building. fn. 182 H. Gaube, ibid., 44.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 143 ※ SOURCE for KM109 (Gaube) « KM 109: Hinter Hormüd-e 'Abbāsi steigt der Weg über einen Paß und gelangt zum Karvansarai Ceki (Fig. 10). Dieser Bau ist, wie die Bauten KM 000 und KM 088, cine Hofanlage. [KM 109: Behind Hormüd-e 'Abbāsi the path climbs over a pass and reaches Karvansarai Ceki (Fig. 10). This building, like the buildings KM 000 and KM 088, is a courtyard complex] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 44 ※ SOURCE for S. Tschektschek «109 (km) S. Tschektschek (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Sjek Sjek « Den 23. dito trokken wy voorby twee eenzame Manſels, ieder 2 Karrawanſera's en water-tangen hebbende, d'eene Bahadini, en d'andere Sjek Sjek genaamd; [On the 23rd day we passed by two lonely Manſels, each having 2 Karrawanſeras and water-tongs, one called Bahadini, and the other Sjek Sjek;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for 't Sjekke-sek « Naarmiddagh ten vier uuren saten ook tegelijk weder te paart en naar drie uuren rijdens over seer snoot en leelijk gebergte passeerden eene carewansera genaamt 't Sjekke-sek (1), fn. 1 Thérenot en Dupré schrijven het Tchek-Tchek. De Simla kaart heeft Chuki. [At four o'clock in the afternoon we paired up again at the same time and after a three-hour drive over very snooty and ugly mountains, we passed a carewansera called 't Sjekke-sek (1) fn. 1 Thérenot and Dupré write the Tchek-Tchek. The Simla card has Chuki.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 43 ※ SOURCE for Tchek-Tchek « Laissant à droite un sentier qui conduisait à un camp de nomades, nous allons prendre quelques instans de repos à Tchek-Tchek, où sont deux caravansérails qui tombent en rui- nes, et, dans leur voisinage, quatre citernes, dont une seule manquait d'eau. [Leaving on the right a path which led to a nomad camp, we will take a few moments of rest at Tchek-Tchek, where there are two caravanserais which are falling into ruins, and, in their vicinity, four cisterns, only one of which lacked water.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 430 ※ SOURCE for Tʃchektʃchek « and about ſeven by another called Tʃchektʃchek, by this laſt there is a Hut where Rhadars Lodge; about eight a Clock we entered in amongst Hills » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 132 Champeh ruined C. ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Champeh ruined C. ? , ※ SOURCE for Champeh ruined C. ? SOURCE for Ciampa « Dopa due altre miglia giugnemmo nel Karvāſerà di Ciampa. Quivi trovammo un Padre Agostiniano Vicario del Congo, il quale la ſera ne diede cena. [After two more miles we reached the Karvāſerà of Ciampa. There we found an Augustinian Father Vicar of the Congo, who gave us dinner there.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 277 Chaparkhaneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.604691 long 54.531747 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: chaparkhaneh چاپارخانه VARIANT names: Chaparkhaneh , chaparkhaneh delak : place IRN (chaparkhaneh) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 34.796283 long 51.048125 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: chaparkhaneh delak چاپارخانه دلاک VARIANT names: Caparkhaneh Pol-e Dellak , chaparkhaneh delak , ※ SOURCE for Caparkhaneh Pol-e Dellak « Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak (Taf. 19,4 and 20,1) (Abb. 3. und 106), nordöstlich von Qom (53)Lage: Die Ruinen des Karavanserails und des Capar-khanch liegen am Nordufer des Qom-Rud, den eine Brücke (Raine) kreuzt.Pol-e Dellak liegt in + 920 m.N.N., am safavidischen Weg von Teheran nach Qom, etwa 21 km nordöstlich von bQom und ebenfalls am Verbindungsweg von Qom über Kadj und Daihr nach Varamin (Abb. 3).Typ: Das Karavanserail ist als Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier vom Hof aus zugänglichen und einer quer vor-gelagerten Stallabteilung zu bezeichnen. Das Caparkhaneh ist ebenfalls eine Hofanlage.2.) Caparkhaneh: 24,50 x 23 m Außenmaße (ohne Tür-me), 17,50 x 12 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 108) und 7 m Por-talhöhe (Abb. 109).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Beide Bauten sind stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Das Karavanserail ist in safavidischer Zeit entstanden, das Caparkhaneh qadjarisch zu datieren.fn 53 Die Bauten in Pol-e Dellak wurden am 22. 5. 1979 und am 29. 9. 1983 vermessen, siehe AMI 14, 1981, 143 ff. [Caravanserail Pol-e Dellak (Plates 19.4 and 20.1) (Figs. 3 and 106), northeast of Qom (53)Location: The ruins of the caravanserail and the Capar-khanch are located on the north bank of the Qom Rud River, which is crossed by a bridge (Raine).Pol-e Dellak is situated at an elevation of 920 meters above sea level, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom, approximately 21 km northeast of Qom, and also on the connecting road from Qom via Kaj and Daihr to Varamin (Fig. 3).Type: The caravanserail can be described as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four sections accessible from the courtyard, and a transverse stable section in front. The Capar-khanch is also a courtyard complex.2.) Caparkhaneh: 24.50 x 23 m external dimensions (excluding towers), 17.50 x 12 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 108), and 7 m gate height (Fig. 109).Structural features and condition: Both structures are heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: The caravanserai dates from the Safavid period; the Caparkhaneh is of Qajar origin.fn 53 The structures at Pol-e Dellak were surveyed on May 22, 1979, and September 29, 1983; see AMI 14, 1981, pp. 143 ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 65 Chaparkhaneh Hauz-e-Sultan : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.080575 long 51.110248 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: based on M. Siroux diagram VARIANT names: Chaparkhaneh Hauz-e-Sultan , ※ SOURCE for Chaparkhaneh Hauz-e-Sultan « Abb. 96. Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan, Lageplan [Fig. 96. Hauz-e Sultan Caravanserail, Site Plan] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 59 « Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (Taf. 18,2 und 18,3) (Abb. 3 und 96), an der Strecke von Teheran nach QomLage: Etwa 30 km südlich des Karavanserails Kenargird (Kenargerd) und 30 km nördlich des Karavanserails Sadra-bad, an der safavidischen Straße von Teheran nach Qom und an einer Querverbindung vom Karavanserail Daihr zum Ka-ravanserail Aliabad (westlich des Salzsees von Qom), in +800 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: 1. Älterer, wohl safavidischer Bau als Hofkaravan-serail mit zwei Iwanen (Abb. 97) und fünf getrennten Stallungen. 2. Anbau, 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Hofkara vanserail mit vier Iwanen, durchgehenden Stallungen und ei nem von Nischen und Räumen umgebenen Vorhof.3. Ein Caparkhaneh in Hofform, mit schweren Rund. türmen und einer großen Zisterne außerhalb des Karavanse rails.Abmessungen: Das ältere Karavanserail hat 41 × 33 m Außenabmessungen, 14,50 × 11,50 m Hofabmessungen und ist 5,20 m hoch.Der Anbau hat eine äußere Abmessung von 129 × 58 m. Der Hof mißt 42 x 29 m und der Vorhof 53 × 20 m. Der lang-gestreckte Anbau erreicht eine maximale Höhe (ohne die Schornsteine) von 7,50 m (Abb.98 und 99).Das Caparkhaneh hat eine Außenabmessung von 30 x 25 m und die Zisterne einen Durchmesser von 16 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die hochaufra-genden Schornsteine bilden eine bauliche Besonderheit. Die Anlage weist partielle Beschädigungen auf.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Älterer Bau safavidisch - Erweiterungsbau qadjarisch, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrh. [Hauz-e Sultan Caravanserai (Howz-e Soltan) (Plates 18.2 and 18.3) (Figs. 3 and 96), on the Tehran-Qom routeLocation: Approximately 30 km south of the Kenargird Caravanserai and 30 km north of the Sadra-bad Caravanserai, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom and on a connecting road between the Daihr Caravanserai and the Aliabad Caravanserai (west of the Qom Salt Lake), at an elevation of 800 m above sea level.Type: 1. An older, likely Safavid, courtyard caravanserai with two iwans (Fig. 97) and five separate stables.2. Extension, second half of the 19th century, as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, continuous stables, and a forecourt surrounded by niches and rooms.3. A courtyard-style caravanserail with heavy round towers and a large cistern outside the caravanserail.Dimensions: The older caravanserail has external dimensions of 41 × 33 m, a courtyard of 14.50 × 11.50 m, and is 5.20 m high.The extension has external dimensions of 129 × 58 m. The courtyard measures 42 × 29 m and the forecourt 53 × 20 m. The elongated extension reaches a maximum height (excluding the chimneys) of 7.50 m (Figs. 98 and 99).The Caparkhaneh has external dimensions of 30 x 25 m, and the cistern has a diameter of 16 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The towering chimneys are a distinctive architectural feature. The structure exhibits some damage.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Older structure Safavid – extension Qajar, second half of the 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 62 Charka : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.44353923 long 61.60560319 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Charka , ※ SOURCE for Charka « 177. CHARKHA Or RABAT-I CHIRKAH. Original: Lat. 34º 26’ N, long. 61º 37’ E. Map 51. Revised: 34.44353923 N, 61.60560319 E / 34º 26’ 36.74123016 N, 61º 36’ 20.17149876 E. Herat Province. 66 km west of Herat on the road to Islām Qal’a, between Mamizak and Ruzanak. Date: Timurid, 15th–16th cent. (ceramic). Description: A ruined baked brick cistern and a scatter of baked bricks forming a vague square. Fieldwork: 1977 Ball—survey. Sources: 1. Maitland 1888a: 276—mentions ruined caravanserai. 2. Peacocke 1887a: 139—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 78 Charsouq Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.289755 long 57.07753 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye cheharsogh کاروانسرای چهارسوق VARIANT names: Charsouq Caravanserai , Chasma-i Mashak : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 31.95853859 long 61.76362069 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chasma-i Mashak , ※ SOURCE for Chasma-i Mashak « 184. CHASHMA-I MASHAK Original: Lat. 31º 57’ N, long. 61º 46’ E. Map 83. Revised: 31.95853859 N, 61.76362069 E / 31º 57’ 30.73891320 N, 61º 45’ 49.03446888 E. Nimrūz Province. On the Farāh-Lāsh Juwain road, 31 km north of Lāsh Juwain. Date: Early Islamic, 8th–13th cent. (ceramic). Description: Some mud remains, probably of a caravanserai, with a depression marking a possible cistern. Collection: National Museum—sherds. Fieldwork: 1960–70 Fischer, Bonn University—survey. Source: Fischer et al. 1974–6: 35—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 80 Chehel Payeh caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.940027 long 57.140407 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chehel Payeh caravanserai , Chehelpayeh caravanserai , Karavanserail Cehel Payeh , ※ SOURCE for Chehel Payeh caravanserai «1668-043 Chehel Pāyeh Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 56 24.04 E57 8 25.47 0.33 ha 45.54 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Chehelpayeh caravanserai «This caravanserai was located on the Kerman-Mashhad pilgrimage route and dates back to the Safavid-Qajar periods. Next to it was an Ab-Anbar (a domed cistern) and a kiln.» online reference link [accessed 05 Jun 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cehel Payeh « Karavanserail Cehel Payeh (Chehel Payeh) (Taf-363-383) (Abb. 5 und 111) (123) Lage: 22 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Howz-e Khan, 26 km nordöstlich der Karavanserails von Darband Provinz Kerman). Letztes Karavanserail in Khorasan vor der Grenze zur Provinz Kerman, in + 780 m ü. N.N., an der Karawanenstraße von Mashhad nach Kerman.In einer Schlucht, durch die ein Wadi zieht, stehen das Karavanserail, vier runde und rechteckige Zisternen,fn 123 Cehel Payeh wurde am 11.5.1993 vermessen. [Cehel Payeh Caravanserail (Taf-363-383) (Figs. 5 and 111) (123)Location: 22 km southwest of the Howz-e Khan Caravanserail, 26 km northeast of the Darband Caravanserails (Kerman Province). The last caravanserail in Khorasan before the border with Kerman Province, at an elevation of 780 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Mashhad to Kerman.The caravanserail, four round and rectangular cisterns, are situated in a ravine through which a wadi runs.fn 123 Cehel Payeh was surveyed on May 11, 1993.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 79 Chenar Rahdar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Bagh-e Khowshru , Chenan-i-Rahdar , Chenar Rahdar , Chenar-i-Rahdar , Khowshru , Rahdar , باغ خوشرو , چنار راهدار , خوشرو , VARIANT names: Chanar-i-Rahdar , Chenar Rahdar , Chinar , Chinarada , Chinarada caravanserai , Tschinar Raddar , ※ SOURCE for Chanar-i-Rahdar « CHANAR-I-RAHDAR-LAT. 39° 36' N. LONG. 52° 27' E. ELEV. 5,300'.A caravanserai and toll station, 8 miles west of Shiraz, on the banks of the Kara Aghach river, which is crossed here by a bridge. Trotter reverses the name and calls it Rähdär-i-Chanār.-(Trotter-Curzon, 1889-New-comen, 1905.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 200 ※ SOURCE for Chenar Rahdar « Saturday May 10th at 1.30 a.m. we started for 28 miles into Shiraz past the Caravanserai of Chenar Rahdar at 22 miles. » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ p. 87 ※ SOURCE for Chinar « After two long days of plodding constantly downwards, we had now come to the final descent, and at last, by the caravanserai of Chinar, » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 119 ※ SOURCE for Chinarada « We breakfasted in the caravansarai of Chinarâda, and rode rapidly over the last eight miles to Shiraz. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Chinarada caravanserai « CHINARADA-LAT. LONG. ELEV.A caravanserai in Färs, 8 miles west of Shiraz on the road to Bushire, -(Stack) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 213 ※ SOURCE for Tschinar Raddar « et nous campames près de Tſchinar Raddar une maiſon de péage à la riviere. Sur la route entre Abuſchähhr et Schirâs il y a proprement fix comptoirs de péage. Les Européens, à ce qu'on prétend, ne feroient pas obligés felon leurs priviléges d'y payer la moindre Choſe. [And we camped near Tſchinar Raddar at a tollhouse on the river. On the road between Abuſchähhr and Shiras, there are indeed fixed tollbooths. Europeans, it is claimed, are not obliged, according to their privileges, to pay the slightest thing there.] » #3642 Niebuhr, Carsten, Voyage en Arabie et en d'autres pays circonvoisins, vol. 2, S.J. Baalde, Amsterdam, 1780 ~ vol. 2 p. 91 Chenar'rahdar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.618204 long 52.424656 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi chenareranpandar کاروانسرای تاریخی چنارراهدار VARIANT names: Chenar'rahdar Caravanserai , Karavanserail Rahdar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Rahdar « Karavanserail Rahdar, westlich von Shiraz (Abb. 5; 69) (52)Lage: Nach M. Siroux etwa 25 km westlich von Shiraz, an der Straße von Bushehr nach Shiraz. Weitere Angaben sind nicht möglich, außer der Lage an einem Wasserlauf.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und fünf- bis sechsseitigen Ecktürmen sowie einem östlichen Anbau und einem Wohnhof in der Nordecke. Abmessungen: 58,30 × 50,30 m Außenmaße ohne Turm-vorsprünge, Hofabmessungen 27,20 x 27,20 m, Anbau ohne Ecktürme 49 x 12,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf geringe Reste zerstört.Inschriften: nicht erhalten.Datierung: Der Bau wird von M. Siroux in die Regie-rungszeit Nasser-ed-Din Shah Qadjars datiert, mit dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erfolgten Anbau.fn 52 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 ff. [Rahdar Caravanserail, west of Shiraz (Figs. 5; 69) (52)Location: According to M. Siroux, approximately 25 km west of Shiraz, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz. No further details are available, except for its location by a watercourse.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and five- to six-sided corner towers, as well as an eastern annex and a residential courtyard in the northern corner.Dimensions: 58.30 × 50.30 m external dimensions without tower projections, courtyard dimensions 27.20 × 27.20 m, annex without corner towers 49 × 12.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Destroyed except for minor remains.Inscriptions: Not preserved.Dating: M. Siroux dates the construction to the reign of Nasser-ed-Din Shah Qadjar, including the additions made at the end of the 19th century.fn 52 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 43 Chercoff : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Chardin: 8 leagues to Tchem sesengui (40 kms), 2 to Chercoff (≃ 10 kms) VARIANT names: Birak , Cherchoke , Chercoff , Sargab , Sargon , Tcherkab , Tʃcherchab , Tjerg aab , Zscherchap , ※ SOURCE for Birak « A deux heures, nous trouvons deux petits villages, Birak et Biraki. Quant au village de Chercoff dont parle Chardin, c'est un nom estropié et tout à fait inconnu; c'est probablement Birak. Le B majuscule aura été pris pour Ch, i pour e, a pour co; et k pour deux ff (1). fn. 1 Cette explication ressemble beaucoup à une plaisanterie. On pourrait en dire autant de beaucoup d'étymologies. [At two hours, we find two small villages, Birak and Biraki. As for the village of Chercoff of which Chardin speaks, it is a crippled and completely unknown name; it's probably Birak. The capital B will have been taken for Ch, i for e, a for co; and k for two ff (1). fn. 1 This explanation sounds a lot like a joke. The same could be said of many etymologies.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ pp. 530-1 ※ SOURCE for Cherchoke « The 12th daye being Fridaye we set forward onour journey, haueing rested in this citie of Larr 7 dayes, and came to Cherchoke [?],(1) a litle poore towne, haueing traveled 2 lges. of fayer waye. Here is good tanck water. fn. 1 Tavernier gives Tscherkah . This is possibly to be identified with the Birak given in St. J ohn's map (1876), distant c. four miles from Lar. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p.83 ※ SOURCE for Chercoff « Ce jour-là, 7, je partis de Laar sur les trois heures du soir, par le faubourg qu'on appelle Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah), c'est-à-dire, lieu de tribut, parce que les gardes des chemins y ont un petit bureau, vis-à-vis d'un grand caravanserai, où ils prennent leurs droits sur toutes les mar- chandises qu'on transporte. Je fis huit lieues longues et rudes, quoiqu'en pays plat. Après en avoir fait deux, on passe à travers d'un grand village nommé Chercoff, plein de jardins; [That day, 7, I left Laar at three o'clock in the evening, through the suburb called Bags-gae (Bakhche-gah), that is to say, place of tribute, because the guards of the roads have a small office there, opposite a large caravanserai, where they take their rights on all the goods that are transported. I covered eight long and difficult leagues, although in flat country. After having done two, we pass through a large village called Chercoff, full of gardens; ] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 486-7 ※ SOURCE for Sargab « Wy trokken voorby de Karrawanſera's Baſiga, en Sargab, [We passed by the Karrawanſeras Baſiga, and Sargab,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~bk. 5 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Sargon « 11 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 360 ※ SOURCE for Tcherkab « Le premier d'avril, je partis de Lar à cinq heures du matin, et je marchai jusques à trois heures après midi dans un pays stérile et pierreux, à la réserve d'un village nommé Tcherkab où il y a beaucoupde palmiers et quelques terres à blé. [On the first of April, I left Lar at five o'clock in the morning, and I walked until three o'clock in the afternoon in a barren and stony country, to the reserve of a village called Tcherkab where there are many palm trees and a few wheat lands.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 320 and 322 ※ SOURCE for Tʃcherchab « but Thursday the ſecond of April, about five of the Clock in the Morning, we continued our Journy, going ftreight East, in a very good Sandy way betwixt CornFields for the Villages are very thick thereabouts. On that Road I obferved a pretty pleafant thing, which is practifed in all that Country as far as Bendar Abaffi: I faw feveral Peafants running about the Corn-Fields, who raifed loud ſhouts, and every now and then clacked whips with all their forces and all this, to drive away the Birds which devour all their Corn: when they fee Flocks of them coming from a neighbouring Ground, that they may not light on theirs, they redouble their cries, to make them go farther; and this they do every day Morning and Evening. The truth is, there are fo great numbers of Sparrows in Perfia, that they deltroy all things, and ſcare-Crows are fo far from frightning them, that they will Pearch upon them. At eight a Clock we paffed by a little covered Kervanʃeray called Tʃcherchab, which puts: an end to the Corn-Fields; for beyond that, there is hardly ardly any thing to be found but Defarts fowed with flones: about two hours after we paffed by another Kervanseray, like to the former, called Tenghinoun; and a little further to the Left Hand, we faw a fmall Forrest of Palm-Trees. We afterwards marched on for the ſpace of about two hours through very flony Ground, and then carne to good even Sandy way. Half an hour after one in the Afternoon we paffed by a covered Kervanʃeray called Oaʃili, and keeping on our way over little Sandy Hills, we came at three a Clock to another, which is alfo covered, and called Schemzanghi, where we flopt, and this place is ʃeven Agaiʃch from Lar. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 132 ※ SOURCE for Tjerg aab « die sich von der Stadt bis fortsetzt 1/4 Farsach, zum Dorfe Kanarú rechts am Weg 1 Far- sach, dann durch eine baumreiche Gegend zum Dorf Tjerg aab 1 Farsach, [which continues from the city to 1/4 Farsach, to the village of Kanarú on the right along the path 1 Farsach, then through a wooded area to the village of Tjerg aab 1 Farsach,] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 121 ※ SOURCE for Zscherchap « Am Donnerstag, dem 2. April, setzten wir unseren Weg frtih gegen ftinf Uhr in 6stlicher Richtung auf einem sch6nen kiesigen Weg durch Getreidefelder und an D6rfern vorbei fort. .... Gegen acht Uhr passierten wir einen kleinen, bedeckten Karvansarai, Zscherchap genannt, der am Ende der besditen Felder [d.h. am Ostrand der Bewdisserungsoase von Lar] liegt.[On Thursday, April 2nd, at around five o'clock we continued our journey eastwards along a lovely gravelly path through grain fields and past villages. .... About eight o'clock we passed a small, covered karvansarai, called Zscherchap, which was at the end of the best fields [i.e. is located on the eastern edge of the vegetation oasis of Lar].] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 37 Chimask caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.237966 long 48.211306 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chameshk caravanserai , Chimask caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Chameshk caravanserai «1668-051 Chameshk Iran (Islamic Republic of) N33 14 16.64 E48 12 40.81 0.22 ha 11.67 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Chimask caravanserai « On the north side of the gorge stands the Chi mashle caravanerai, in good condition, at the junction of the Ab-i-Kabgan and Ab-i-Raikhän. » #3520 Routes in Persia Volume III, Part 2, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1916 ~ p. 152 Chotza Kassim Caravansera : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.731648 long 51.695882 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: The current Robat-i-Sang or Zizeh Caravanserai has been identified by Kleiss as of the Qajar period, well before the Olearius - Mandelslo journet in 1638-9. VARIANT names: Chotza Cassim Carawansera , Chotza Kassim Caravansera , Chotzakassim Caravansera , Hodia Kasim , ※ SOURCE for Chotza Cassim Carawansera « After we had lay Eight days in Kaschan and bought Wares and Provision, we broke up, and on the 13 at night came to Carawansera Chotza Cassim, which stands in the middle of a Grove of Cypress and other Trees, which Winter and Summer grow always green In the said Carawansera we found very good Accommodation. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312 ※ SOURCE for Chotza Kassim Caravansera « 26. of Iuly? as soon as the Moon was up, which was then at the full. That Night we travell'd six Leagues and came the next morning to Caravansera, called Chotza Kassim: but in regard it was very narrow, and withall very nasty, we lodg'd our selves in a Garden not far from it, in the shade of abundance of Cypress Trees and Pomegranate-Trees, upon the side of a pleasant Rivulet, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 196 ※ SOURCE for Chotzakassim Caravansera « The 26. we travell'd on, and took up our Quarters at night in a Caravansera, named Chotzakassim. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Hodia Kasim « I månens sken kom man fram till karavanserajet Chotza Kassim (Hodia Kasim) [In the moonlight they reached the caravanserai Chotza Kassim (Hodia Kasim)] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 454 cistern and caravanserai (R63) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: cistern and caravanserai (R63) , Kleinkaravanserail 3 km östlich von Hormud , ※ SOURCE for cistern and caravanserai (R63) « rather indifferent road, which runs over open grounds as far as the N.-Ε. extremity of the plain, passing a cistern and a caravanserai at 1¼ miles. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 62 ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail 3 km östlich von Hormud « Kleinkaravanserail 3 km östlich von Hormud (Abb. 8; 259) (137)Lage: 3 km östlich von Hormud, als letzter Karawa-nenort der Provinz Hormozgan vor der Provinzgrenze Hormozgan/Fars, in +710 m ü.N.N., 11 km vor dem Paßübergang (+850 m ü. N. N.) nach Nimar, Senakhet und Lar (Provinz Fars), an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit sechs tonnengewölbten Räumen und zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Eingängen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 17,20 × 17,20 m, Hofab-messungen 9,60 × 9,60 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.In der Umgebung wurde hellgraubraune, rädchenver-zierte Keramik beobachtet. fn 137 Das Karavanserail wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Small Caravanserai 3 km east of Hormud (Fig. 8; 259) (137)Location: 3 km east of Hormud, the last caravanserai in Hormozgan Province before the Hormozgan/Fars provincial border, at 710 m above sea level, 11 km before the mountain pass (850 m above sea level) to Nimar, Senakhet, and Lar (Fars Province), on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with six barrel-vaulted rooms and two opposing entrances.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 17.20 × 17.20 m, courtyard dimensions 9.60 × 9.60 m, building height 3.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.Light grayish-brown, wheel-decorated pottery was observed in the surrounding area.fn 137 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 140 Dabare Saray : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.131347 long 66.238519 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Dabare Saray , ※ SOURCE for Dabare Saray « In 1906 the Dahbashi and 7 Khassadars still used the old small thana. The new building, some 100 yards square, combining a caravan-Serai and thana was under construction. The place also possesses a bania's shop and two large godowns for supplies. The erection of this and similar serais which are being made along the entire route from Kala-i-Jadid (Baldak) to Kandahar will obviate the trouble to travellers of having to leave the main road and seek out villages often far out of their way for lodging and supplies. » #3495 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1972 ~ vol. 5 p. 118 Dallak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.796376 long 51.047356 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye delak کاروانسرای دلاک VARIANT names: Ali-Abad caravanserai , Ali-abad mihman-khane , Dallak Caravanserai , Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak , Pool-e-dulak , ※ SOURCE for Ali-Abad caravanserai « During the survey of the caravanserais built near the lake—Ali-Abad, Sangui, Kaleh Kermes, and Haouz-e-Sultan—it became apparent to us that the latter two were aligned, thus defining a causeway that should normally have crossed the lake. Dr. Schmidt (director of the American Archaeological Mission at Persepolis) kindly made an observation during one of his aerial tours, which fully confirmed our remark. » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 139 ※ SOURCE for Ali-abad mihman-khane « The mihmán-kháné of ‘ Alí- ábad, which we reached an hour or so before sunset, presents no features worthy of remark except this, that in the room allotted to me I found three books, which proved on examination to be a copy of the Kur'an, a book of Arabic prayers, and a visitors' book ! » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ pp. 166-7 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak « Karavanserail Pol-e Dellak (Taf. 19,4 and 20,1) (Abb. 3. und 106), nordöstlich von Qom (53)Lage: Die Ruinen des Karavanserails und des Capar-khanch liegen am Nordufer des Qom-Rud, den eine Brücke (Raine) kreuzt.Pol-e Dellak liegt in + 920 m.N.N., am safavidischen Weg von Teheran nach Qom, etwa 21 km nordöstlich von bQom und ebenfalls am Verbindungsweg von Qom über Kadj und Daihr nach Varamin (Abb. 3).Typ: Das Karavanserail ist als Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier vom Hof aus zugänglichen und einer quer vor-gelagerten Stallabteilung zu bezeichnen. Das Caparkhaneh ist ebenfalls eine Hofanlage.Abmessungen: 1.) Karavanserail: 54 x 44,50 m Außen-maße, 23 x 21 m Hofabmessungen und 7,70 m Portalhöhe (Abb. 107). nschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Das Karavanserail ist in safavidischer Zeit entstanden, das Caparkhaneh qadjarisch zu datieren.fn 53 Die Bauten in Pol-e Dellak wurden am 22. 5. 1979 und am 29. 9. 1983 vermessen, siehe AMI 14, 1981, 143 ff. [Caravanserail Pol-e Dellak (Plates 19.4 and 20.1) (Figs. 3 and 106), northeast of Qom (53)Location: The ruins of the caravanserail and the Capar-khanch are located on the north bank of the Qom Rud River, which is crossed by a bridge (Raine).Pol-e Dellak is situated at an elevation of 920 meters above sea level, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom, approximately 21 km northeast of Qom, and also on the connecting road from Qom via Kaj and Daihr to Varamin (Fig. 3).Type: The caravanserail can be described as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four sections accessible from the courtyard, and a transverse stable section in front. The Capar-khanch is also a courtyard complex.Dimensions: 1.) Caravanserail: 54 x 44.50 m external dimensions, 23 x 21 m courtyard dimensions, and 7.70 m portal height (Fig. 107). Structural features and condition: Both structures are heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: The caravanserail dates to the Safavid period, the Caparkhaneh to the Qajar period.fn 53 The buildings in Pol-e Dellak were surveyed on 22 May 1979 and on 29 September 1983, see AMI 14, 1981, 143 ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 65 ※ SOURCE for Pool-e-dulak « Hous-Sultan to Pool-e-dulak, 44 ?. ?., 18 ?.By good road leading s. across desert track of country, on which not a vestige of vegetation is visible. 12 miles, a caravanserai, in good repair, with covered well of water. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55 Damqan Shah Abbasi Caravansera : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.168324 long 54.343455 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shabbasi damaghan کاروانسرای شاه?عباسی دامغان VARIANT names: Damqan Shah Abbasi Caravansera , Karavanserail Damghan 2 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Damghan 2 « Karavanserails in der Stadt Damghan (Abb. 7 und Abb. 185-187) (86) 1. Größeres KaravanserailTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und dreiseitig umlaufenden Stallungen, mit Kuppel über dem Eingang, vor-gezogenes Portal. Als freistehendes Karavanserail errichtet. Abmessungen: 74 x 69 m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvorsprung), Hofabmessungen 37× 37 m. Höhenangaben können nicht gemacht werden, da keine Schnitte vorliegen. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Plan ist bei-derseits der Kuppel in den Stallbereichen ergänzt. Inschriften: ? Datierung: Safavidisch?fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, Teheran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), S.214, S. 147 und S. 59. [Caravanserails in the city of Damghan (Figs. 7 and 185-187) (86)1. Larger CaravanserailType: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and stables surrounding on three sides, with a dome over the entrance and a projecting portal. Built as a freestanding caravanserail.Dimensions: 74 x 69 m external dimensions (excluding the portal projection), courtyard dimensions 37 x 37 m. Height measurements cannot be given, as no cross-sections are available.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The plan has been supplemented on both sides of the dome in the stable areas.Inscriptions: ?Dating: Safavid?fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, Tehran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), p.214, p. 147 and p. 59.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 103 Darreh Buhabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Darreh Buhabad , Darreh-ye Bahabad , Darreh-ye Buhabad , دره بوه آباد , درۀ باه آباد , درۀ بوه آباد , VARIANT names: Darreh Buhabad , Darreh Buhabad serai , ※ SOURCE for Darreh Buhabad « Darreh Buhabad Serai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Bafq H-40B 1942} Darzin caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: needs further investigation Kleiss states 2 fortd but doesn't indicate where. VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207498 , Darzin caravanserai , Die Forts von Darzin , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207498 EAMENA-0207498 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Die Forts von Darzin « Die Forts von Darzin (Abb. 4; 182) (84)Lage: Darzin liegt 29 km nordwestlich von Bam, 25 km südöstlich von Abareq, an der Straße von Kerman nach Bam - Zahedan und Pakistan. Typ: Beide Forts sind Hofanlagen mit runden Eck. und Courtinentürmen und zwei- bis dreigeschossig.Abmessungen: Fort 1: Außenmaße ohne Turmvor-sprünge 26 x 25,40 m, Hofabmessungen 12,60 × 11 m und Höhe der Außenwände mindestens 9 m.Fort 2: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 23 × 22 m, Weite des Arkadenhofes 9 x 7,20 m, Höhe der Außenmau-ern 10 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in frühislamischer Zeit erbaut, als Sicherungsposten für den Karawanenweg und seinen Abzweig nach Djiroft-Kahnudj-Minab (Althormoz).fn 84 Studia Iranica 20, 1991, Fasc. 2, 219-227. [The Forts of Darzin (Fig. 4; 182) (84)Location: Darzin is located 29 km northwest of Bam, 25 km southeast of Abareq, on the road from Kerman to Bam – Zahedan and Pakistan.Type: Both forts are courtyard forts with rounded corner and curtain towers, and two to three stories high.Dimensions: Fort 1: External dimensions without tower projections 26 x 25.40 m, courtyard dimensions 12.60 × 11 m, and height of the outer walls at least 9 m.Fort 2: External dimensions without tower projections 23 × 22 m, width of the arcaded courtyard 9 x 7.20 m, height of the outer walls 10 m.Building material: Mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the early Islamic period as a fortified outpost for the caravan route and its branch to Djiroft-Kahnudj-Minab (Althormoz).fn 84 Studia Iranica 20, 1991, Fasc. 2, 219-227.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 106 Das Alte Karavanserail Bisutun : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.386619 long 47.435333 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Das Alte Karavanserail Bisutun , ※ SOURCE for Das Alte Karavanserail Bisutun « Die Karavanserails von Bisutun (Abb. 121 und 137) (101)Im Bereich von Bisutun sind folgende Anlagen an der alten Karawanenstraße zu unterscheiden:1. Ein Erdwall-Qal'eh südlich des safavidischen Karavanse rails, Alter unbestimmbar (102).2. Ein Bruchstein-Kastell neben der safavidischen Brücke Größe 95 × 79 m, mit Türmen und 2,50 m Mauerstärke, auf gehendes Mauerwerk aus Lehmmaterial. Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch (103).3. Das Alte Karavanserail.4. Das Safavidische Karavanserail.Das Alte Karavanserail (Taf. 12.3.4)Lage: Im Bereich des Dorfes Bisutun, unterhalb der großen, unvollendeten Felsabarbeitung.Typ: Aus einer frühislamischen Straßenstation durch Einbauten im 12.-13. Jahrhundert entwickeltes Hofkaravan- fn. 101 Das Alte Karavanserail siehe W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (im Druck). Das Safavidische Karavanserail: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ebenda 25. [The Caravanserai of Bisutun (Figs. 121 and 137) (101)In the area of ??Bisutun, the following structures can be distinguished along the old caravan route:1. An earthwork qal'eh south of the Safavid caravanserai, of undetermined age (102).2. A rubblestone fort next to the Safavid bridge, measuring 95 × 79 m, with towers and 2.50 m thick walls, with standing masonry made of clay material. Probably pre-Safavid (103).3. The Old Caravanserai.4. The Safavid Caravanserai.The Old Caravanserai (Plate 12.3.4)Location: In the area of ??the village of Bisutun, below the large, unfinished rock carving.Type: Court caravan developed from an early Islamic road station through additions in the 12th-13th centuries. 101 For the Old Caravanserai, see W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (in press). The Safavid Caravanserai: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ibid. 25.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 83-86 Das Safavidische Karavanserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.384453 long 47.434977 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: beautiful caravanserai , Bisotun caravanserai , Das Safavidische Karavanserail , large caravanserai , Scehr-neu , ※ SOURCE for beautiful caravanserai « L'onziéme nous loger-mes dans un beau Caravanſeraid qui eſt au pied d'une montagne, où je vis quantité d'inſcriptions fur des tombeaux. On juge par les ruines qu'il y a eu là une grande Ville. Il y reste encore une grande porte bâtie de fort groſſes pierres de taille contre lefquelles on voit des figures toutes armées. [On the eleventh, we lodged in a beautiful caravanserai at the foot of a mountain, where I saw many inscriptions on tombs. The ruins suggest that a large city once stood there. A large gate, built of very large hewn stones, still remains, against which armed figures are depicted.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 131 ※ SOURCE for Bisotun caravanserai «1668-032 Bisotūn Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 23 04.32 E47 26 05.76 0.81 ha 35.36 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Das Safavidische Karavanserail « Die Karavanserails von Bisutun (Abb. 121 und 137) (101)Im Bereich von Bisutun sind folgende Anlagen an der alten Karawanenstraße zu unterscheiden:1. Ein Erdwall-Qal'eh südlich des safavidischen Karavanse rails, Alter unbestimmbar (102).2. Ein Bruchstein-Kastell neben der safavidischen Brücke Größe 95 × 79 m, mit Türmen und 2,50 m Mauerstärke, auf gehendes Mauerwerk aus Lehmmaterial. Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch (103).3. Das Alte Karavanserail.4. Das Safavidische Karavanserail.Das Alte Karavanserail (Taf. 12.3.4)Lage: Im Bereich des Dorfes Bisutun, unterhalb der großen, unvollendeten Felsabarbeitung.Typ: Aus einer frühislamischen Straßenstation durch Einbauten im 12.-13. Jahrhundert entwickeltes Hofkaravan- fn. 101 Das Alte Karavanserail siehe W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (im Druck). Das Safavidische Karavanserail: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ebenda 25. [The Caravanserai of Bisutun (Figs. 121 and 137) (101)In the area of ??Bisutun, the following structures can be distinguished along the old caravan route:1. An earthwork qal'eh south of the Safavid caravanserai, of undetermined age (102).2. A rubblestone fort next to the Safavid bridge, measuring 95 × 79 m, with towers and 2.50 m thick walls, with standing masonry made of clay material. Probably pre-Safavid (103).3. The Old Caravanserai.4. The Safavid Caravanserai.The Old Caravanserai (Plate 12.3.4)Location: In the area of ??the village of Bisutun, below the large, unfinished rock carving.Type: Court caravan developed from an early Islamic road station through additions in the 12th-13th centuries. 101 For the Old Caravanserai, see W. Kleiss/H. Luschey et al. Bisutun... (in press). The Safavid Caravanserai: AMIN. F. 3, 1970, 289 ff. fn. 102 AMI 21, 1989, 24.fn. 103 Ibid. 25.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 83-86 Nous arrivâmes à dix heures du soir dans un vaste caravansé-rail, près d'un chétif hameau, à peu de dis-tance du mont Bi-sutoun, dont il prend le nom. Un ruisseau qui a sa source au pied de la montagne, baigne à l'E. les murs de ce ca-ravansérail, et va fertiliser la plaine. [We arrived at ten o'clock in the evening at a vast caravanserai, near a small hamlet, a short distance from Mount Bi-sutoun, from which it takes its name. A stream which has its source at the foot of the mountain, bathes the walls of this caravanserai to the east, and goes to fertilize the plain.] ※ SOURCE for large caravanserai « Dà queſto luogo proſeguendo il viaggio in lontananza di quattr' ore, ritrovali a piedi del monte un fuperbo Caravanserai, capace di dar alloggio a due mila Cavalli, ed altrettante perſone, e quando pallai, eraſi fatto riaggiuſtar da Kulikam; [From this place, continuing the journey for four hours, he found at the foot of the mountain a large caravanserai, capable of giving accommodation to two thousand horses and as many people, and when he arrived, he had been readjusted by Kulikam.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 20 ※ SOURCE for Scehr-neu « Speravamo riposar la notte in un grande alloggiamento pubblico di quelli che non più chan come in Arabia, ma si chiamano in questi paesi, come anche in Turchia, chieruan-serai, cioè palazzo o casa di carovana, ed è fabbricato nel fin della giornata insieme con certe altre poche case fatte di nuovo a piè di un'altissima montagna, e sopra il chieruan-serai tanto ripida, che par quasi tagliata a posta perpendicolare come muro. Chiamano il luogo in persiano Scehr-neu, cioè Città nuova, perchè di poco si è cominciata a fabbricare: ma noi restammo ingannati del riposo che vi speravamo, perchè veniva appunto da Ispahan una gros-sissima carovana di più di duemila e settecento camelli, la quale benchè andasse spartita in diverse ville, era nondimeno parte di essa (che in Scehr-neu trovammo alloggiata) con tanta gente; che non solo noi che venimmo da poi, ma gran parte anche di loro non avevano luogo nel chieruan-serai, e stavano attendati di fuori. [We hoped to rest the night in a large public lodging of the kind no longer known as chan as in Arabia, but called in these countries, as in Turkey, chieruan-serai, that is, palace or caravan house, and which was built at the end of the day, together with a few other newly constructed houses, at the foot of a very high mountain, and above the chieruan-serai so steep that it almost seems to have been cut perpendicularly like a wall. They call the place in Persian Scehr-neu, meaning New City, because construction has only recently begun. But we were deceived in the rest we hoped for, for a very large caravan of more than two thousand seven hundred camels was coming from Ispahan, which, although it was divided among several villages, was nevertheless part of it (which we found lodged in Scehr-neu) with so many people. that not only we who came from later, but also a large part of them had no place in the chieruan-serai, and were camped outside.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 437-8 Das Stationsgebäude Kermanshahan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.273427 long 54.898964 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Das Stationsgebäude Kermanshahan , ※ SOURCE for Das Stationsgebäude Kermanshahan « Karawanenhaltepunkt Kermanshahan (Shahan) (Taf.14,1) (Abb. 4; 105) (44)Lage: 24 km südöstlich von Robat Zeyn-od-Din, 30 km nordwestlich von Robat Shams (Provinz Kerman), in + 1480 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Yazd nach Rafsandjan und Kerman. Es ist auf dieser Strecke der letzte Haltepunkt in der Provinz Yazd vor der Provinzgrenze Yazd/Kerman.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Das safavidische Karavan-serail, ein stark verändertes, älteres Karavanserail oder Sta-tionsgebäude (Caparkhaneh) und eine qadjarische Festung (Abb. 105). Das Stationsgebäude (Caparkhaneh):Das im Außeren ohne Vorsprünge 31 x 24,30 m mes-sende Gebäude ist im Innern (Hofabmessungen etwa 18 x 12 m) durch Neubauten vollständig verändert. Es dürfte in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut worden sein (Abb. 108). Fn 44 Die Bauten in Kermanshahan wurden am 16.3.1976 und am 16.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan stop Kermanshahan (Shahan) (Plate 14.1) (Figs. 4; 105) (44)Location: 24 km southeast of Robat Zeyn-od-Din, 30 km northwest of Robat Shams (Kerman Province), at an elevation of 1480 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Rafsanjan and Kerman. It is the last stop on this route in Yazd Province before the Yazd/Kerman provincial border.At the site, the following structures can be distinguished: the Safavid caravanserail, a heavily altered, older caravanserail or station building (Caparkhaneh), and a Qajar fortress (Fig. 105). ... The station building (Caparkhaneh):The building, which measures 31 x 24.30 m externally without projections, has been completely altered internally (courtyard dimensions approximately 18 x 12 m) by new constructions. It is likely to have been built during the Qajar period (Fig. 108).Fn 44 The buildings in Kermanshahan were surveyed on March 16, 1976, and September 16, 1988.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 66 Dashbani Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.951201 long 54.272568 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara dasht bani کاروانسرا دشت بانی VARIANT names: Dashbani Caravanserai , Daulatabad : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 6013431 coordinate: lat 32.79978 long 51.695527 NIMA/GNS names: Daulatabad , Dowlatabad , دولت آباد , VARIANT names: Daulatabad , Dolatabat , ※ SOURCE for Daulatabad « Dowlatabad (Abb. 5)61Lage: Dowlatabad, etwa 24 km östlich Torbat-e Heydariyeh, liegt an einem Karawanenweg von Torbat-e Heydariyeh über Kariz/Saadabad nach Herat. Eine Kara-wanenstation ist hier und an weiteren Orten der Strecke zu erwarten. [Dowlatabad (Fig. 5)61 Location: Dowlatabad, about 24 km east of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, lies on a caravan route from Torbat-e Heydariyeh via Kariz/Saadabad to Herat. A caravan stop can be expected here and at other locations along the route.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 47 ※ SOURCE for Dolatabat « A 29 se fue á una aldea tres leguas de alli, llamada Dolatabat, en que auia una pequeña casilla del rey que no tenia más de un aposento pequeño, y al derredor dél quatro varandas y un retrete pintado, de obra muy antigua, en que auia caças y vanquetes, [On the 29th he went to a village three leagues away, called Dolatabat, in which there was a small royal house that had no more than one small room, and around it four verandas and a painted toilet, of very ancient construction, in which there were hunting lodges and banquets,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 52 De Ghase Rabat : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: De Ghase Rabat , De Ghashe Rabat , VARIANT names: De Ghase Rabat , Deh Bakri caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: location is of the summit to the pass but with extensive roadworks and tunnelling am unabe to locat the caravanserai VARIANT names: Deh Bakri caravanserai , Deh Bid Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Deh Bid Caravanserai کاروانسرای ده بید NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Deh Bid Caravanserai , Dihbid caravansaray , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Deh Bid) , rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid , ※ SOURCE for Dihbid caravansaray « It was nearly 1.30 P.M. when we reached Dihbíd, a small village consisting of about fifteen or twenty cabins, a very dilapidated caravansaray, a post - house, and the telegraphoffice. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 236 ※ SOURCE for rechteckige Karavanserail Dehbid « Karawanenhaltepunkt Dehbid (Abb. 5; 105) (76)Lage: 29 km südlich von Khaneh Khorreh und 13 km nördlich der Station Qal'eh Murceh, in + 2210 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz und an dem Weg von Shiraz über Abarku nach Yazd. Dehbid liegt 35 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5). Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein oktogonales Karavanserail, ein rechtecki-ges Hofkaravanserail und ein kleineres Stationsgebäude. Außerdem liegt ein vorgeschichtlicher Tepe im Bereich der Ortschaft. Das oktogonale Karavanserail:Das rechteckige Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen und vier runden Ecktürmen (Abb. 106). Der Grund-riß des Gebäudes (77) ist partiell stark verändert worden. In Abb. 106 wird der wahrscheinlich ursprüngliche Zustand angegeben.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 77 x 70 m, Hofabmessun-gen 44 × 44 m, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 7,50 m.fn 76 Ebenda, 73. - Der Tepe von Dehbid wurde am 9. 12. 1988 begangen.fn 77 M. Siroux, ebenda, 83, Fig. 41. [Dehbid Caravan Stop (Fig. 5; 105) (76)Location: 29 km south of Khaneh Khorreh and 13 km north of Qal'eh Murceh station, at an elevation of 2210 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and on the road from Shiraz via Abarku to Yazd. Dehbid is located 35 km north of Didgan (Fig. 5). The following structures can be distinguished at the site: an octagonal caravanserai, a rectangular courtyard caravanserai, and a smaller station building. A prehistoric tepe is also located within the settlement area.The octagonal caravanserai:The rectangular caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, and four round corner towers (Fig. 106). The ground plan of the building (77) has been significantly altered in some sections. Figure 106 shows the likely original state.Dimensions: External dimensions 77 x 70 m, courtyard dimensions 44 x 44 m, height of the portal structure approximately 7.50 m.fn 76 Ibid., 73. – The Tepe of Dehbid was visited on December 9, 1988.fn 77 M. Siroux, ibid., 83, Fig. 41.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 62 Deh Mohammad Caravansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.991569 long 56.97911 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dah mahmad کاروانسرای ده محمد VARIANT names: Deh Mohammad Caravansarai , Karavanserail Deh Mohammad , ※ SOURCE for Deh Mohammad Caravansarai «1668-045 Deh Mohammad Iran (Islamic Republic of) N33 59 29.62 E56 58 45.04 0.25 ha 10.68 ha» online reference link [accessed 26 Dec 2025] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Mohammad « Karavanserail Deh Mohammad (Taf. 31,2-32,1) (Abb. 5 und 102) (110)Lage: 17 km östlich Robat-e Shir Geshk, 28 km west-lich von Asfak (Esfark), in + 1170 m ü. N. N., an einer Route von Tabas nach Neyshabur.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und runden Ecktürmen. Das Obergeschoß ist ein jüngerer An- und Aufbau.Abmessungen: 40,50 × 35 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge, 19,30 × 18,90 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Gebäudes etwa 9 m (mit jüngerem Aufbau).Baumaterial: Außenmauern und Türme in Bruchstein-mauerwerk, Hofarchitektur in gebrannten Ziegeln (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Im Hof eine runde Zisterne. Der Bau wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch. fn 110 Karavanserail Deh Mohammad wurde am 11.3. 1977 vermessen. [Caravanserai Deh Mohammad (Plates 31.2–32.1) (Figs. 5 and 102) (110)Location: 17 km east of Robat-e Shir Geshk, 28 km west of Asfak (Esfark), at an elevation of 1170 m above sea level, on a route from Tabas to Neyshabur.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, and round corner towers. The upper story is a later addition.Dimensions: 40.50 × 35 m (external dimensions excluding projections), 19.30 × 18.90 m (courtyard dimensions), building height approximately 9 m (including later additions).Building material: Exterior walls and towers constructed of rubble masonry, courtyard architecture of fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: A round cistern is located in the courtyard. The building is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar.fn 110 Caravanserai Deh Mohammad was surveyed on March 11, 1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 72 Deh Namak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.254512 long 52.732942 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rayaashodeh deh namak کاروانسرای رهاشده دِه نمک VARIANT names: Deh Namak caravanserai , Deh Nimmuck caravanserai , Karavanserail Deh Namak 2 , ※ SOURCE for Deh Nimmuck caravanserai « On the 22d we marched to the caravanserai of Deh Nimmuck, a distance nearly as great as that of the day before. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 296 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Namak 2 « 2. Das Lehmziegelkaravanserail (Taf. 27,2) (Abb. 7 und 150)Lage: Unmittelbar an der Karawanenstraße, östlich des safavidischen Karavanserails, das ursprünglich allein im Ge-lände stand (Abb. 151).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und 5 Stallabtei-lungen, sowie vorgezogenem Portalbau. Abmessungen: 49,50 x 48m Außenmaße (ohne Torvor-sprung), 27,50 x 27,50 m Hofabmessungen und 5,50 m Por-talhöhe (Abb. 152).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel (24/24/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist erheblich zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Erbaut nach 1848. [2. The mud-brick caravanserai (Plate 27.2) (Figs. 7 and 150)Location: Directly on the caravan route, east of the Safavid caravanserai, which originally stood alone on the site (Fig. 151).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and five stable compartments, as well as a projecting portal.Dimensions: 49.50 x 48 m external dimensions (excluding the gate projection). Courtyard dimensions: 27.50 x 27.50 m, gate height: 5.50 m (Fig. 152).Building material: mud bricks (24/24/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is significantly damaged.Inscriptions: unknown.Dating: Built after 1848.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 85 Deh Seyf Caravanserai،castle : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.552913 long 57.772211 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ghale dah sif قلعه ده سیف VARIANT names: Deh Seyf Caravanserai،castle , Deh Sheikh Historical Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.6141 long 52.331607 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi dah sheykh کاروانسرای تاریخی ده شیخ VARIANT names: Deh Sheikh Historical Caravanserai , Dehaqin Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.45143 long 53.172615 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dehaghin کاروانسرای دهاقین VARIANT names: Dehaqin Caravanserai , Dehdez Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.707043 long 50.287156 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dahadz کاروانسرای دهدز VARIANT names: Dehdez Caravanserai , Dehkuh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Deh Kooyeh , Dehkuh , Dehkuyeh , دهکویه , VARIANT names: Däaku , Däaku (Deh-Kuh?) , Dacu , Dahkuh , Dakkah , De Kert (Delhi-Kourd) , Deachow (or Techoo) , Deh Kuh , Dehaccow , Dehacoe , Deh-ak-Kou , De-hakoe , Dehcohibibia , De-hi Kourd , Dehikoe , Dehko , Dehkuh , Dehkuyeh , Dehkūyeh , Deku , Diacoo , Dirkuh , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Dehkuh FOR Achu [PBR], ※ SOURCE for Däaku « Erst aus dem Dorfe S ¼ Stunde, dann SO + S ½ Farsach, dann links SO+S ½ Farach, links ½ Stunde, wo links eine Tange ... ¼ Farsach. SO, ¼ Farsach, wo wir aus den Hügeln heraus kamen auf eine sehr hohe Ebene ... dann S ¼ Farsach zum Dorfe Däaku (Deh-Kuh ?). Liegt am Ende dieser am Berge ... Einen halben Farsach von diesem Dorfe war am Wege wie ein Reitpfahl aufgemasert, wo der Weg sich teilte und ein andrer links unter dem Gebirge abging nach Darab, welches 12 Far sach von hier liegt. Den Pfahl habe ein Kaufmann aufrichten lassen, als er die ganze Nacht hier gereist war und anstatt den Larschen den Darabschen Weg gegangen war. [First from the village S ¼ hour, then SE + S ½ Farsach, then left SE+S ½ Farach, left ½ hour, where on the left there is a tange... ¼ Farsach. SE, ¼ Farsach, where we came out of the hills onto a very high plain... then S ¼ Farsach to the village of Däaku (Deh-Kuh?). At the end of this lies on the mountain... Half a farsach from this village there was a riding post on the road where the path split and another went off to the left under the mountains to Darab, which is 12 farsach from here. A merchant had the post erected when he traveled here all night and went the Darab route instead of the Larschen.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 119 ※ SOURCE for Däaku (Deh-Kuh?) « Erst aus dem Dorfe S ¼ Stunde, dann SO + S ½ Farsach, dann links SO+S ½ Farach, links ½ Stunde, wo links eine Tange ... ¼ Farsach. SO, ¼ Farsach, wo wir aus den Hügeln heraus kamen auf eine sehr hohe Ebene... dann S ¼ Farsach zum Dorfe Däaku (Deh-Kuh ?). [First from the village S ¼ hour, then SE + S ½ Farsach, then left SE+S ½ Farach, left ½ hour, where on the left there is a tange... ¼ Farsach. SE, ¼ Farsach, where we came out of the hills onto a very high plain... then S ¼ Farsach to the village of Däaku (Deh-Kuh?). ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 119 ※ SOURCE for Dacu « Il Venerdì primo d'Ottobre fatte 20. miglia di cammino per aridi monti, ci fermammo dopo ſette ore nel Karvan- ſerà di Pacurel; avendo laſciato cinque miglia prima il Karvanſerà, e Caſale di Dacu. [On the first Friday of October, having walked 20 miles across arid mountains, we stopped after seven hours in the Karvanſerà of Pacurel; having left five miles earlier the Karvanſerà, and Kaſale di Dacu.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 271 ※ SOURCE for Dahkuh « Dahkuh » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} « My muleteers mere all impressed by the governor, and on the second day we arrived at their village, Dah-Kuh, where I halted to let them cook food for the road. They were very anxious to stop and assist in gathering the harvest. » #1754 Vaughan, H. B., Journeys in Persia (1890-91), The Geographical Journal, London, 1896 (Jan.), 7:1:24-41 ~ p. 26 ※ SOURCE for Dakkah « , till the track emerges on to the little Dahkuh plain, an expanse of perfectly flat arable land some 2 miles square, hemel in by low hills, and drained by the ravine referred to above into the Kardah plain.From Dakkah a track diverge direct to Forg, the main road to Jahrum running northwest over vary stony ground for some 12 mile to Biris. Midway between Dahkah and Biris the track crosses the watershed dividing the Kurdah and Biris systems. Existing map are incorrect on this point. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 160 ※ SOURCE for De Kert (Delhi-Kourd) « Je les fisen dix heures, partie par des collines, où le che min n'est pourtant pas difficile, partie par desplaines. Après deux lieues de marche, on laissesur la gauche un village, nommé De Kert (Delhi Kourd), avec un grand caravanserai bâti à l'en trée; [I did them in ten hours, partly over hills, where the path is not difficult, partly over plains. After two leagues of walking, we leave on the left a village, called De Kert (Delhi Kourd), with a large caravanserai built at the entrance;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 479 ※ SOURCE for Deachow (or Techoo) « The foureteenth day wee rode to Deachow (or Techoo) which fignifies a Towne under ahill; where we ſee many prettie Tombs, not any without his graveftone and an Arabick memoriall. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 129 ※ SOURCE for Deh Kuh « Onwards road is excellent, running over a level plain with a very hard surface. Deh Küh is reached after crossing small ridge which presents no obstacle. Deh Küh has a village and sarai and several birkehs. Fire- wood very scanty. Supplies negligible for a force more than a section strong. Camping ground excellent a large flat plain. Grazing very scanty. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 192 ※ SOURCE for Dehaccow « The foure and twentieth day of August, 1581. about noone I departed from Lar. And at Lar every summe of merchandise payeth at the passing out of the gate one Tanger, which is twelve Pull. And the five and twentieth day wee passed downe very high Mountaine; and the a same day passed by a Casal, called Dehaccow. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460 ※ SOURCE for Dehacoe « Wy hielden ons verblyf in een ander dorp, Dehacoe genaamd. Daar is een redelyke Karrawantera benevens een oude vervallene, namen ons verblyf in een koſtelyk gebouw, over al met lof-werk, gevogelte, en inakery geſchilderd, en verguld, den Calenter aldaar toebehoorende, dig ons heerlyk onthaalde. [We stayed in another village called Dehacoe. There is a reasonable Karrawantera as well as an old dilapidated one, where we stayed in a beautiful building, all painted with praise, birds and inakery, and gilded, the Calenter belonging there, which welcomed us wonderfully.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Deh-ak-Kou « Arrivé à son extrémité, on marche pendant environ une heure entre des collines, avant de descendre dans une nou- velle vallée fort agréable. Sur la droite est le village de Deh-ak-Kou, qui paraît avoir été important autrefois. Au milieu d'une infinité de décombres, sont des plantations d'arbres, beaucoup de citernes, et un vaste caravansérail. [Having reached its extremity, we walk for about an hour between hills, before descending into a new and very pleasant valley. On the right is the village of Deh-ak-Kou, which appears to have been important in former times. In the midst of an infinity of ruins, are plantations of trees, many cisterns, and a vast caravanserai.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 446 ※ SOURCE for De-hakoe « Nous en partimes le lendemain avant jour,arrivámes à 10. heures à De-hakoe, beaugrand village, où il y a un bon Caravanfirai de pierre,beaucoup de palmiersd'autres arbres. Le conducteur des bêtes de charge nous y [We left there before daylight the next day, arriving at 10 o'clock at De-hakoe, a beautiful large village, where there is a good stone caravan park, many palm trees and other trees. The driver of the beasts of burden us there ] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Dehcohibibia « The 5th daye we traveled a very craggie and mountainous waye and full of turninges. This daye we cam [to] Dehcohibibia [Dihkuh], a litle poore towne lying vpon a craggi and poore playne. Here we picht, haueing traveled 2 1ges. Here likwise the water is good, but tanck water » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 82 ※ SOURCE for De-hi Kourd « about ſeven a Clock we paſſed by a Village called De-hi Kourd, where there is a Kervanʃeray: in that place are many Tamarisks, ſome Palm-Trees, and feveral Ciſterns. We left that Village on our Left Hand, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Dehikoe « Den 20. dito ten 2 uuren des 's nagts uyt Lhaar vertrokken zynde: quam zyn Ed: ten 7 uuren in het dorp Dehikoe [On the 20th of the same day, having left Lhaar at 2 o'clock in the morning, his Ed arrived at the village of Dehikoe at 7 o'clock.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 30. dito na 3 mylen dito, in 't 't dorp Dehikoe. [The 30th after 3 miles ditto, in the village of Dehikoe.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Dehko « Persian text omitted. [In Dehko, there are approximately twenty ponds and a caravanserai in a defective castle, and there are houses and houses. The caravan sometimes stops in Korde and sometimes in Dehko.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 583 ※ SOURCE for Dehkuyeh « Folgt man von Kurdeh aus der Straße nach Norden, so erreicht man bei Km 36 den Ort Dehkuyeh mit dem auffallenden Shahzadeh Esmael. Fast alle europäischen Reisenden des 17. und. 18 Jhts. signalisieren für diesen Ort ein Karavanserail, welches sich aber nicht erhalten hat. In Dehkuyeh teilt sich die Straße nach Biris in Westen und Darab im Norden, [If you follow the road north from Kurdeh, at km 36 you reach the town of Dehkuyeh with the striking Shahzadeh Esmael. Almost all European travelers of the 17th and 18th century Signal a caravanserail for this place, which has not been preserved.In Dehkuyeh the road divides to Biris in the west and Darab in the north,] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ p. 4 « There I waited until the arrival of the others, and together we continued the trip. The night was pleasant because of the moon. At the seventh hour of the night we all rested in a caravanserai named Dehkuyeh, which was round in the shape of a theater. Inside it had arches like the others, and it also had two rather cool rooms on top of the portal.(19) fn. 19 Dehkuyeh is 36 km north of Lar. More likely, the caravanserai was octagonal. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 295 « The rest, after escaping from that terrible passage and traveling on level ground, finally arrived, with most of the caravan, in a small town consisting of just a few houses, called Dehkūyeh, next to which there was a caravanserai in partial ruins—it would be impossible for anyone to seek shelter there—and so everyone made themselves as comfortable as possible in the [fol. 212r] open air amid the cargo, the Ambassador climbing into his litter to rest a while. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Dehkūyeh « The rest, after escaping from that terrible passage and traveling on level ground, finally arrived, with most of the caravan, in a small town consisting of just a few houses, called Dehkūyeh, next to which there was a caravanserai in partial ruins—it would be impossible for anyone to seek shelter there—and so everyone made themselves as comfortable as possible in the [fol. 212r] open air amid the cargo, the Ambassador climbing into his litter to rest a while. »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Deku « Durch Satalck, Deku, Schirafir, und andere gemeine Flecken und Städtgen kamen wir gegen den 7. Octobris zu Lar an. [Through Satalck, Deku, Shirafir, and other small towns and villages, we arrived at Lar about the 7th of October.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Diacoo « 27th February]. About 5 sett out for Diacoo, 9 farsangs; the 1[st] farsang bad way, the other 2 good till you come to a Radeler house 3 farsangs more very bad way. Went over a great many mountains, goeing up hill and down till come to Beris about 1 in the morning. Beris is a very good caravensaroy and a good village; lay there till morning and went to Discoo, 3 farsangs more; good way, very good caravensaroy and good village. note: Diary of 27 February 1707/8. Diacoo. Dihakû. The Deachow (or Techoo) of Herbert (p. 129), the Deh-hi-Kourd of Thévenot (Pt. II, 129), the De-hakoo and Dekoe of Le Bruyn (II, 68, 134), and the Dehi-Koh of D'Anville's map. Radeler house. Customs station, where was a râhdar, customs officer. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 48 ※ SOURCE for Dirkuh « (27) Dirkuh [? sic) a farsakhs. After there are many ab-anbars, and another cistern a leagues from Lar. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes Deh'mahmud Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.812013 long 56.06401 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dah mahmud کاروانسرای ده محمود VARIANT names: Deh'mahmud Caravanserai , Karavanserail Dardjasti , karvansaraye khon sarkh (khaneh sarkh) , Sang-i-Tu caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dardjasti « Karavanserail Dardjasti (Sangtu) (Taf. 17,3) (Abb. 4; 146) (61)Lage: 57 km nordöstlich von Sirdjan, 26 km südwest-lich von Khaneh Sorkh (Khan Sorkh), in + 2580 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Kerman über Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas oder nach Shiraz.Typ: Vollständig durch Kuppeln und Tonnengewölbe überdecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 28,50 × 25,70 m, Innenhöhe 4,50 m, Höhe der Außenfassa-de 4,20 m (Abb. 147).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 61 Der Bau wurde am 16.4.1975 im Grundriss und am 12.3.1980 in Schnitten und Ansicht vermessen. [Dardjasti (Sangtu) Caravanserai (Plate 17.3) (Figs. 4; 146) (61)Location: 57 km northeast of Sirjan, 26 km southwest of Khaneh Sorkh (Khan Sorkh), at an elevation of 2580 m above sea level, on the road from Kerman via Sirjan to Bandar-e Abbas or Shiraz.Type: Mountain caravanserai completely covered by domes and barrel vaults with round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 28.50 × 25.70 m, internal height 4.50 m, height of the exterior facade 4.20 m (Fig. 147).Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn 61 The building was surveyed in plan on April 16, 1975, and in sections and elevation on March 12, 1980.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 87 ※ SOURCE for karvansaraye khon sarkh (khaneh sarkh) « karvansaraye khon sarkh (khaneh sarkh) کاروانسرای خون سرخ (خانه سرخ) » ※ SOURCE for Sang-i-Tu caravanserai « KHAN-I-SURKH.. 27 m. 7,800'. General direction N.-E. The track lies over a plain in some parts stony, and as the mountains are approached the track becomes undulating. The route at first lies on the crest of one of the low wave-like ridges thrown out from the mountain chain in front. At 7½ miles the road descends into the dry bed of a water-course, where it becomes rather stony. The water-course is ascended; the ascent is easy and the road is good. At 11 miles a stream, with irrigation channels, is reached, where there is some cultivation. At 11½ miles the road enters into the mountains, and a mud hovel known as the Bid-i-Khwah is reached. The stream is still ascended, being closely shut in by steep hills. In the bed are a good many trees. Then a more open country, although somewhat hilly, amongst the mountains is reached. The hills are gently sloping and there is a good deal of cultivation, but there are no habitations of any kind. At 18 miles the road ascends, but the track is good. At 19½ miles the solitary caravanserai of Sang-i-Tu is passed. At 20½ miles the Gudar-i-Surkh is reached, the ascent being easy. The peak of the Küh-i-Surkh is about 400 yards distant to the E. The route descends along gently sloping hills, following the bed of a dry water-course in northerly direction. From the bed of the water-course, the point of a spur on the right is rounded, and a large valley, running N.-E. and S.-W., is gained, and immediately afterwards the caravanserai of Khan-i-Surkh. There are no habitations. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ pp. 10-11 Dehnamak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.255239 long 52.731144 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dah namak کاروانسرای ده نمک VARIANT names: Deh-i-nimuk Caravanserai , Dehnamak Caravanserai , Karavanserail Deh Namak 1 , ※ SOURCE for Deh-i-nimuk Caravanserai « The road good, crossing some dry watercourses coming from mountains on left; general bearing E. Deh-i-nimuk, caravanserai and post-house, and ruins of village: some little cultivation; water very brackish; no supplies. The villages on the borders of this salt desert fortified with high walls. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Namak 1 « 1. Das safavidische Karavanserail (Taf. 26,4 und 27,1) (Abb.148)Lage: Unmittelbar an der Karawanenstraße.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Ecktürmen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 66 x 66 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprünge), 35,40 x 35 m Hofabmessungen und 9,80 m Portalhöhe (Abb. 149).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude wurde 1976-78 restauriert und steht unter Denkmalschutz.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt, eine Inschrifttafel über dem Portal ist verschwunden.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. [1. The Safavid caravanserai (Plates 26.4 and 27.1) (Fig. 148)Location: Directly on the caravan route.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, corner towers, a projecting gateway, and a dome over the entrance.Dimensions: 66 x 66 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 35.40 x 35 m Courtyard dimensions and 9.80 m portal height (Fig. 149).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building was restored in 1976–78 and is a listed building.Inscriptions: Unknown; an inscription plaque above the portal is missing.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 85 Dehshir Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.452876 long 53.751301 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: google maps VARIANT names: Dehshir Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Dehshir Shah'abbasi Caravanserai « DEH SHIR-A village in the Pusht-i-Küh division of Yazd, is situated 5 miles from, and on the southern slope of, the hills to the north of the Abar-Küh plain, and has a great deal of cultivation, all in terraces and well watered. It has 40 houses, all of mud, with domed roofs. There is a great and new sarai here, and the remains of a strong old fort, called Kalat Shir, said to have been built by a former king named Muhammad Musafir, there being a fine inscription to that effect in enamelled tile-work over the gateway. The fort is built on a flat-topped hill to the east, with scarped sides like the "droogs" of Southern India. (MacGregor.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ pp. 150-1 Der Gewölbebau von Pataq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.414785 long 46.003965 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Der Gewölbebau von Pataq , ※ SOURCE for Der Gewölbebau von Pataq « Der Gewölbebau von Pataq (Taf. 11,1) (Abb. 121 und 129)(95)Lage: An der Karawanenstraße von Sarpol-e Zohab nach Kerind (Baghdad - Teheran) am Fuße des Anstiegs bei Taq-e Gireh (96), südöstlich von Sarpol-e Zohab.Typ: Langrechteckiger Bau aus Korridoren (Taf. 11,2.3) und zellenartigen Räumen, tonnengewölbt (Parabelbogen) mit zerstörter Fortsetzung nach Südosten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 63 × 35 m.Baumaterialien: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude istan den Schmalseiten besonders stark zerstört. Obwohl keine Treppenanlagen erkennbar sind, kann der vorliegende Mau-erbefund als Substruktionsgeschoß angesehen werden.Der Bau wird von der einheimischen Bevölkerung als ,,Shah Abbasi bezeichnet. Zumindest in Weiterbenutzung fn. 95 AMI N. F. 7, 1974, 232 ff. Der Bau wurde am 8. 3. 1973 vermessen.fn. 96 H. von Gall, AMI N. F. 4, 1971, 2221. [The Vaulted Building of Pataq (Plate 11,1) (Figs. 121 and 129) (95)Location: On the caravan route from Sarpol-e Zohab to Kerind (Baghdad - Tehran) at the foot of the climb near Taq-e Gireh (96), southeast of Sarpol-e Zohab.Type: Long rectangular building consisting of corridors (Plate 11,2.3) and cell-like rooms, barrel-vaulted (parabolic arch) with a destroyed extension to the southeast.Dimensions: External dimensions 63 × 35 m.Building materials: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The building isparticularly badly damaged on its narrow sides. Although no staircases are visible, the existing wall remains can be considered a substructure.The building is referred to by the local population as "Shah Abbasi". At least in continued usefn. 95 AMI N. F. 7, 1974, 232 ff. The building was surveyed on March 8, 1973.fn. 96 H. von Gall, AMI N. F. 4, 1971, 2221.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 77-8 Deyr-e Gachin Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.0583 long 51.4201 Supplement: karvansaraye dir gachin کاروانسرای دیر گچین NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh Dir Kaj , Qal`eh-ye Deyr , Qal`eh-ye Dir Kaj , Qal`eh-ye Shah `Abbasi , قلعه دیر , قلعه دیرکاج , قلعه شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Barakchin , Dayr al-Giss , Dayr al-jiss , Deyr-e Gachin Caravanserai , Karavanserail Daihr , Qal`eh-ye Deyr , ※ SOURCE for Barakchin « 1. From Rayy to Isfahan, the shortest way: - Dara, 1 stage; it is a desert for 2 parasangs - a place called Barakchin, 1 stage; there are wells here with briny water; rain water collects in a pond outside the monastery (?-deyrden tasra) - Kāj, 1 stage; it is all desert - Qum, 2 parasang > » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 277 ※ SOURCE for Dayr al-Giss « Dayr al-Giss VI B1 Dayr. Iran. Relais à mi-chemin entre le Siyah Kūh et le Karkas Kūh sur la route Rayy-Isbahan. I 230, 231; Η 403, 404; Muq 491, 491 C, 493. LS 208; Siroux: op. cit. fig. 99 (pistes de Rayy à Qum). [Dayr al-Ghiss VI B1 Dayr. Iran. Stay station midway between Siyah Kūh and Karkas Kūh on the Rayy-Isbahan road. I 230, 231; H 403, 404; Muq 491, 491 C, 493. LS 208; Siroux: op. cit. fig. 99 (tracks from Rayy to Qum).] » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for Dayr al-jiss « As before the 19th century the present-day salt marsh between Tehran and Qumm did not exist, the road followed a straight line and at two-fifths of its distance from Rayy the ruins of a caravanserai are found, just south of, and between two hills; cf. Stahl, in Petermanns Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft 118, map 1. This is the probable site of Dayr al-jiss. » #3541 Ibn Muhalhil, Vladimir Minorsky, Abu¯-Dulaf Mis?ar ibn Muhalhil's Travels in Iran, Cairo University Press, Cairo, 1955 ~ p. 99 « More detailed information, both for the location and the building of the caravanserai, is given by Istakhri: 6The route from Ray to Isfahan (Esbehan): from Ray to the town of Dizah, where there is a mosque, is one stage. From Ray to there is all built up except for two parasangs in the middle of the route. From Dizah to Dayr al-jiss is one stage. Between Dizah and Dayr al-jiss lies a desert situated between Karkas kūh ('vulture mountain') and Siah kūh ('black mountain '). '). Dayr al-jiss is a caravanserai caravanse [built of] gypsum and fired brick. The Sultan's guards live in it. It is a stage for travellers and there are no farmlands and no trees. Inside, there is a well of salty water which cannot be drunk. Their drinking water comes from the rain [collected] in two reservoirs outside this hospice (dayr). The desert surrounds it on both sides. From Dayr al-jiss one goes to Kaj which used to be a village, but it was ruined and there are no inhabitants ... And from Kaj to Qum [is] one stage.fn 6 Istakhri, al-Masalik wal-mamilik, Cairo, 1961, 134. » #3694 Mehrdad Shokoohy, The Sasanian caravanserai of Dayr-i gachin, South of Ray, Iran, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, vol. 46:no. 3:pp. 445-461 ~ pp. 445-7 ※ SOURCE for Deyr-e Gachin Caravanserai «1668-001 Deyr-e Gachin Iran (Islamic Republic of) N35 3 30.07 E51 25 12.49 1.9 ha 237.1 ha» online reference link [accessed 06 Oct 2025] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Daihr « Karavanserail Daihr (Deihr) (Taf. 25.3.4; 28,1) (Abb. 155 und 233) (151)Lage: Am direkten Karawanenweg von Varamin (Ver-amin) über Daihr und Kadj (Qal'eh Sangi Kadj) nach Qom, 37 km südwestlich von Varamin und etwa 40km nordöstlich von Qal'eh Sangi Kadj, in +900 m ü. N. N. gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen, einem isolierten Wohnhof (Taf. 28,2) in der Nordostecke, einem Moschee-Raum in der Südostecke (Taf. 28,3), Bad und Toiletten in der Südwestecke und 6 Stallungen. Bewehrt durch Rundtürme an den 4 Gebäudeecken und zwei Tor-Flankierungstürme.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 108 × 108 m, Hofabmessungen 68 x 68 m. Turmvorsprünge 8 m, Kuppeldurchmesser über dem Eingang 6 m. Höhe des In-nenraumes der Moschee 5,50 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 10,50 m (Abb. 234 und 235).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (Taf. 26,1) in den Forma-ten 35/35/9cm in den Außenmauern und Türmen (Taf. 26,2) und 24/24/5,5 cm in der Hofarchitektur. Ebenfalls Verwen-dung - wohl von einem Vorgängerbau - fanden runde Ziegel (Abb. 236) von 6cm Stärke. Die Hoffassaden zeigen geome-trische Ziegelornamentik, in den abgeschrägten Hofeckenfn 151 Karavanserail Daihr (Deihr) wurde am 7. 10., am 8. 11., am 20. 11. und am 13. 12. 1977 vermessen. » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 136 Die Paß-Station südöstlich Kiasar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.024603 long 53.630891 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Die Paß-Station südöstlich Kiasar , ※ SOURCE for Die Paß-Station südöstlich Kiasar « Die Paß-Station südöstlich Kiasar (Kiyasar) (Abb. 155 und 167)117Lage: 37km südlich von Kiasar, nördlich des Paßüber-ganges nach Semnan und Damghan, in + 1970 m ü. N.N.Typ: Mehrräumige, unregelmäßige Anlage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 18 × 15,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch Grundriß erkennbar.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Unbestimmt. [The pass station southeast of Kiasar (Kiyasar) (Figs. 155 and 167)117Location: 37 km south of Kiasar, north of the pass to Semnan and Damghan, at an elevation of 1970 m above sea level.Type: Multi-room, irregular structure.Dimensions: External dimensions 18 × 15.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Only the ground plan is recognizable.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Undetermined.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 99 Dihok Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.287623 long 57.510647 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dieyok کاروانسرای دیهوک VARIANT names: Dihok Caravanserai , Karavanserail Deyhuk , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deyhuk « Karavanserail Deyhuk (Taf. 35.4-36.2) (Abb. 3 und 110)Lage: 28 km südlich Robat-e Cah Gonbad, 134 km nördlich Nayband, etwa 80 km nördlich des Karavanserails Robat Ab-e Garm va Sard, an der Straße von Mashhad durch die Dasht-e Lut nach Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen und vier Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: 38 x 36,50 m Außenmaße, 23.50× 23,10 m Hofabmessungen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Inschriftnische über dem Eingang.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. [Deyhuk Caravanserail (Plates 35.4-36.2) (Figs. 3 and 110)Location: 28 km south of Robat-e Cah Gonbad, 134 km north of Nayband, approximately 80 km north of the Robat Ab-e Garm va Sard Caravanserail, on the road from Mashhad through the Dasht-e Lut to Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans and four stable compartments.Dimensions: 38 x 36.50 m external dimensions, 23.50 x 23.10 m courtyard dimensions.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: Inscription niche above the entrance.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 78 Divdan Caravansaray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Divdan Caravansaray , Djahanabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Divdan , ※ SOURCE for Djahanabad caravanserai « In der Entfernung von 25 km liegt der Ort Djahanabad. Er ist offenbar um die Keim- zelle eines Karawansarais herum erbaut. Dieser Bau bestand aus einem äußeren Ge- viert aus einzelnen Räumen, die sich zu einer Galerie hin öffneten, die sich um den Mittelhof legt. Da alle Räume und der Gang mit Häcksel und Korn gefüllt waren und die Außenmauern als Rückseite angrenzender Häuser dienten, konnte ich dieses Kara- wansarai nicht aufmessen.Nach 14 km erreicht man den Ort Kharame. [The town of Djahanabad is 25 km away. It is evidently built around the nucleus of a caravanserai. This building consisted of an outer square made up of individual rooms that opened onto a gallery that surrounds the central courtyard. Since all the rooms and the corridor were filled with chaff and grain and the outer walls served as the back of adjacent houses, I was unable to measure this caravanserai.After 14 km you reach the town of Kharame.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Divdan « Karavanserail Divdan (Divan) (Taf. 18.3.4) (Abb. 5; 160) (111)Lage: 15 km östlich von Kherameh und 26 km westli won Khaneh Ket, in + 1530 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Shir mach Sirdjan und Kerman, der von hier bis in die Gegend ve Neyriz am Südufer eines Salzsees entlangführt (Daryaceh-Tashk/Bakhtegan). Das Karavanserail steht in einer umfriedeten Hofanlage von noch erkennbar 84 x 70 m Außenma-Ben (Abb. 160). Auf mindestens zwei Seiten zeichnen sich Reihen von Räumen ab.Typ: Das Karavanserail ist eine zweistöckige Hofanlage mit Arkaden-Umgang und kleinen Rundtürmen an den Ek-ken und als Flankierung des Eingangs (Abb. 161).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 25,20 × 25,20 m, Hofabmessungen 7,90 × 7,90 m. Die Ge-samthöhe ist auf etwa 8,30 m rekonstruierbar.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine in starkem Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist im Erdgeschoß gut erhalten, im Obergeschoß nur noch partiell meßbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Das Bauwerk kann - seiner Bogenform we-gen in sasanidisch-vorislamische Zeit gehören, evtl. aberfn 11 Das Karavanserail Divdan wurde am 2. 10. 1989 vermessen [Caravanserai Divdan (Divan) (Plate 18.3.4) (Figs. 5; 160) (111)Location: 15 km east of Kherameh and 26 km west of Khaneh Ket, at an elevation of 1530 m above sea level, on the road from Shir to Sirdjan and Kerman, which runs from here to the area of ??Neyriz along the southern shore of a salt lake (Daryaceh-Tashk/Bakhtegan). The caravanserai stands within an enclosed courtyard with still recognizable external dimensions of 84 x 70 m (Fig. 160). Rows of rooms are discernible on at least two sides.Type: The caravanserai is a two-story courtyard complex with an arcaded walkway and small round towers at the corners and flanking the entrance (Fig. 161).Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 25.20 × 25.20 m, courtyard dimensions 7.90 × 7.90 m. The overall height can be reconstructed to be approximately 8.30 m.Building material: Rubble stone in strong mortar bond.Structural features and condition: The ground floor is well preserved; the upper floor is only partially measurable.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Due to its arched shape, the structure may date to the Sasanian-pre-Islamic period, but possibly later.fn 11 The Divdan Caravanserai was surveyed on October 2, 1989.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 90 Djadjarm : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.947897 long 56.385693 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located VARIANT names: Djadjarm , ※ SOURCE for Djadjarm « Djadjarm (Abb. 5) (13)Lage: Auf halbem Wege zwischen Shahrud (Provinz Semnan) und Bodjnurd, 45 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Sepandj in der Provinz Semnan (14) und 70 km südwestlich von Robat-e Gili, in +870 m ü. N. N., an einer Karawanen-route von Shahrud über Robat-e Sepandj nach Bodjnurd, die in Djadjarm von einer Piste von Robat-e Qarah Bil und aus Gorgan nach Forumad - Mazinan - Sabzevar gekreuzt wird (Abb. 5). In Djadjarm wird ein Karavanserail überlie-fert, es ist nicht vermessen.Die Bedeutung Djadjarms als Verkehrsknotenpunkt unterstreicht eine Zitadelle, eine Stadtmauer und einzelne Ruinenkomplexe, darunter ein Portalbau, dessen Funktion ungeklärt bleibt (Abb. 18).fn 13 Ebenda, 239fn 14 W. Kleiss, Karawanenbauten in Iran II, 1997, 112. [Djadjarm (Fig. 5) (13)Location: Halfway between Shahrud (Semnan Province) and Bodjnurd, 45 km northeast of Robat-e Sepandj in Semnan Province (14) and 70 km southwest of Robat-e Gili, at an elevation of 870 m above sea level. N. N., on a caravan route from Shahrud via Robat-e Sepandj to Bodjnurd, which is intersected in Jajarm by a track from Robat-e Qarah Bil and from Gorgan to Forumad-Mazinan-Sabzevar (Fig. 5). A caravanserail is preserved in Jajarm; it has not been surveyed.The importance of Jajarm as a transport hub is underscored by a citadel, a city wall, and several ruin complexes, including a gateway whose function remains unclear (Fig. 18).fn 13 Ibid., 239fn 14 W. Kleiss, Karawanenbauten in Iran II, 1997, 112.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 21 Dokuhak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.793072 long 52.416631 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Dokuhak Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Dokuhak Caravanserai « Karavanserail Dokuhak (Do Kuhak) (Taf. 8,3.4) (Abb. 5; 82) (63)Lage: 28 km nordwestlich von Shiraz (Zentrum) und 41 km südöstlich Sangar, 6 km südlich des Dorfes Guyom (Guyum) mit dem sasanidischen Felsrelief (64), in +1740 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Shiraz nach Khuzestan und nach Ar-dakan. Es ist ein qadjarisches Karavanserail von einem nur noch in nicht meßbaren Resten erhaltenen, älteren, wohl sa-favidischen Bau (Abb. 82, links) zu unterscheiden.Zum jüngeren Bau:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, drei Stallabtei-lungen und einem Wohnhof in der nordwestlichen Ecke.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 57 × 53 m, Hofabmessungen 37,50 × 34 m (Abb. 83), Gebäudehöhe 5 m (Abb. 84).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark be-schädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn. 63 Das Karavanserail Dokuhak wurde am 24.4.1975 vermessen.fn. 64 E. Herzfeld, Reisebericht, ZDMG N.F. 80, 1926, 250. [Dokuhak (Do Kuhak) Caravanserai (Plate 8,3.4) (Fig. 5; 82) (63)Location: 28 km northwest of Shiraz (center) and 41 km southeast of Sangar, 6 km south of the village of Guyom (Guyum) with the Sasanian rock relief (64), at +1740 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Khuzestan and Ardakan. A Qajar caravanserai can be distinguished from an older, probably Safavid structure (Fig. 82, left), only immeasurable remains of which remain.Regarding the more recent structure:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, three stables, and a residential courtyard in the northwest corner.Dimensions: External dimensions 57 × 53 m, courtyard dimensions 37.50 × 34 m (Fig. 83), building height 5 m (Fig. 84).Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century. fn. 63 The Dokuhak caravanserai was surveyed on April 24, 1975.fn. 64 E. Herzfeld, Travel Report, ZDMG N.F. 80, 1926, 250.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 51 Dombona carav. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 30.732172 long 52.470823 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Dombona carav. , Karawanserzi Dombona , POSSIBLE LOCATION of Dombona carav. AT Caravanserai Ab Barik lat 30.732172 long 52.470823 [[unable to associate namw] PBR], ※ SOURCE for Dombona carav. « From Khushk-i zard, after half a farsakh the trav-eller, leaving Madar-i Dukhtar (Mader dochter) to the left (the beginning of another shorter but much more difficult road to Shiraz) arrived at the kara-vansaray of Dombona, which had been built by a well-known eunuch, Aqā Kāfür, and after another seven farsakhs reached the village of Asupas. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 73 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserzi Dombona « Auf lehmiger Straße vorüber an Weiden für die Pferde des Königs, SO+S, in Windungen um dem Berg herum linker Hand die Wiese Dombone (Domboni) SO+5 kleinen Farsach, wo rechts am Berge die Karawanserzi Dombonä liegt, die von Aga Kafur (Agha Kifur, Eunuche) erbaut wurde. ... Hier war die Karawanserei ziemlich grofß und alt, dabei eine zierliche Kahawa choni (Qahwä chini), wohl zu logieren, mit frischem Wasser bei den Kammern. Unfern davon ein anderes Haus, den Reisigen zu Diensten, worin wir unser Logis nahmen. - Dies Dorf hat etwa 50 Häuser, die waren platt und klein, mit Ried und Erde bedeckt. Die Lage war wegen des am Fuße des Berges etwas erhaben gelegenen Hauses sehr schön. [On November 28th, we traveled to the village of Aspas (Apps) in 7 hours, passing 5 to 6 Farsach. On a clay road, we passed pastures for the king's horses, heading southeast and south, winding around the mountain. On the left was the Dombone (Domboni) meadow, 5 Farsach southeast, where, on the right side of the mountain, lay the Dombonä caravanserai, built by Aga Kafur (Agha Kifur, a eunuch). ... Here the caravanserai was quite large and old, with a charming Kahawa choni (Qahwä chini), comfortable accommodation, with fresh water near the chambers. Not far from it was another house, for the use of travelers, where we stayed. This village has about 50 houses, which were flat and small, thatched with reeds and earth. The location was very beautiful because of the house's slightly elevated position at the foot of the mountain.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 92 Donbi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.050296 long 51.798488 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravasar , Dombi Caravansera , Dombi Carawansera , Donbi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Dombi , ※ SOURCE for caravasar « A 30, caminando la caravana una ó dos leguas de-lante fue el Enbaxador seis leguas de alli á un caravasar medio desmantelado, [On the 30th, walking the caravan one or two leagues ahead, the Ambassador went six leagues from there to a half-dismantled caravanserai,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Dombi Caravansera « The 29. we got four Leagues further, passing over a great Mountain, and lodg'd in a Caravansera, called Dombi, » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197 « The 23. after we had taken leave of our friends, not without the shedding of some tears, we got on hori-back, and reach'd that day to the Caravansera of Dombi, five leagues from our former lodging. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Dombi Carawansera « On the 17th. we left Natens and that Day had very rocky ground to drive over, and by the way stop'd at a famous Carawansera called Dombi, where we rested and refreshed our selvs » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dombi « Karavanserail Dombi (Taf. 23,2) (Abb. 12; 197) (109)Lage: 49 km nordöstlich von Esfahan, in +1760 ü.N.N., am Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kas pischen Meer, in Nachbarschaft zum safavidischen Schloß-bau. 22 km südlich vom Karavanserail und Schloß Caharabad (Chaharabad). Hier wird nur das Karavanserail besprochen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stall-Ab-teilungen, halbrunden Außenturmvorlagen, vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 57,20 x 55,90 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 28,75 x 27,15 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe (rekon-struiert) des Baukörpers 6 m (Abb. 198).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Bruchsteinsockel.fn 109. Ebenda, 145 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 219ff. - Die Anlage wurde am 9.3.1984 besucht. [Dombi Caravanserai (Plate 23.2) (Figs. 12; 197) (109)Location: 49 km northeast of Isfahan, at an elevation of 1760 m above sea level, on the royal road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian Sea, adjacent to the Safavid palace. 22 km south of the caravanserai and Chaharabad Palace. Only the caravanserai is discussed here.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, six stable compartments, semicircular exterior tower projections, and a projecting entrance.Dimensions: 57.20 x 55.90 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 28.75 x 27.15 m courtyard dimensions, height (reconstructed) of the building 6 m (Fig. 198). Building material: Fired bricks on a rubble stone foundation.fn 109. Ibid., 145 ff.; W. Kleiss, AMI 21, 1988, 219 ff. - The site was visited on March 9, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 100 Dor Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 33.286688 long 50.631828 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Dhor Caravanserai , Dor Caravanserai , Karavanserail beim Ort Dhor(Dar/ Dor) , ※ SOURCE for Dhor Caravanserai « Après une descente parfois tortueuse, on atteint le village et le caravansérail de Dhor (site 13) daté de 15 52, c'est-à-dire du règne du safavide Châh Tahmasp I. Ce monument réparé et embelli plus tard en 1679 sous Châh Soleyman, est assez bien conservé. Non loin de Dhor, au pied de la montagne, à l'Est, des mines d'argent sont encore épisodiquement exploitées; elles tinrent jadis un rôle appréciable en cette région. [After a sometimes tortuous descent, we reach the village and caravanserai of Dhor (site 13) dating from 1552, that is to say from the reign of the Safavid Shah Tahmasp I. This monument, repaired and embellished later in 1679 under Shah Soleyman, is fairly well preserved. Not far from Dhor, at the foot of the mountain, to the east, silver mines are still occasionally exploited; they once played an appreciable role in this region.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 11 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail beim Ort Dhor(Dar/ Dor)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail beim Ort Dhor(Dar/ Dor) (Taf. 5.3.4) (Abb. 12; 50) (48)Lage: 14 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Madar-e Shah Dhor (Dar/Dor)/Mader-e Shah Dor und 3,5 km südöst-lich des Qal'ch Atabaki, in +2000 m ü.N.N., am Karawanen-weg von Esfahan nach Golpayegan und weiter nach Hama-dan und Tabriz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, äußeren Eck- und Mitteltürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 55 x 47,50 m (Außenmaße ohne Turm und Portalvorsprünge), 28,40 x 21 m (Hofabmessungen). Der Portalbau erreicht eine Höhe von 9,70 m (Abb. 51). ... Inschrift: Steininschriften am Portalbau datieren das Ka-ravanserail in die Regierungszeit des Shah Tahmasp (1524-1576 A.D.) und Reparaturinschriften fallen in die Zeit des Shah Suleiman (1666-1694 A.D.).Datierung: Safavidisch, 16. und 17 Jahrhundert.fn. 48 Siroux, 2.a.O., 126f. Die Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 6. 6. 1987 vermessen. [Caravanserai near the village of Dhor (Dar/Dor) (Plate 5.3.4) (Fig. 12; 50) (48)Location: 14 km northwest of the Madar-e Shah Dhor (Dar/Dor)/Mader-e Shah Dor caravanserai and 3.5 km southeast of Qal'ch Atabaki, at +2000 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Isfahan to Golpayegan and further to Hamadan and Tabriz.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, outer corner and central towers, and a projecting portal.Dimensions: 55 x 47.50 m (external dimensions without tower and portal projections), 28.40 x 21 m (courtyard dimensions). The portal structure reaches a height of 9.70 m (Fig. 51). ... Inscription: Stone inscriptions on the portal structure date the caravanserai to the reign of Shah Tahmasp (1524–1576 A.D.), and repair inscriptions date to the time of Shah Suleiman (1666–1694 A.D.).Dating: Safavid, 16th and 17th centuries.fn. 48 Siroux, 2.loc., 126f. The sections and elevations were surveyed on June 6, 1987.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 32 Doroh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.28668 long 60.499668 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Darah Caravanserai كاروانسراي درح VARIANT names: Doroh Caravanserai , Dow Gonbadan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Do Gonbadan , Dow Gonbadan , Du Gunbadan , Gachsaran , دو گنبدان , گچساران , VARIANT names: Do GonBadan , Doghúmbézún , Dow Gonbadan , ※ SOURCE for Do GonBadan(Arch. Site) « Do GonBadan » in {map#1132 Abb. 2 Karte von West- und Südwest-Iran mit Eintragung von Befunden, , , #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~} ※ SOURCE for Doghúmbézún « The high mountains to the N. are thinly sprinkled with trees, as is the valley of Doghúmbézún; but the chain which stretches to the S. is more barren and lower than the N. line of hills. Doghúmbézún is a ruined kárvánseráï, built near a spring of water, in a perfectly wild and desert place. At some distance, among the hills, is the Kal'eh Arú, a fort ... The distance from Doghúmbézún to Behbehán is generally said to be 12 farsangs (45 miles); but I doubt whether it be so much.» #3039 Clement Augustus de Bode, Extracts from a Journal Kept While Travelling, in January, 1841, Through the Country of the Mamásení and Khógilú (Bakhtiyárí), Situated between Kázerún and Behbehan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1843 ~ p. 84 ["if there was a caravanserai, it seems to be destroyed now, or at least I don't have a record of it." in correspodence from the Caravanserais of Iran dataset provided by the EAMENA Project Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford at online reference link ] ※ SOURCE for Dow Gonbadan [caravaserai ? PBR] Dudehak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.14113 long 50.563208 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye dodehak کاروانسرای دودهک VARIANT names: Dudehak Caravanserai , Karavanserail Dodeehak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dodeehak « Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 21 km südlich Neizar in + 1280 m ü. N.N., am Schnittpunkt des Weges von Qazvin nach Esfahan mit dem Weg von Kashan nach Arak (Abb. 28) neben einer Brücke über den Qom-Rud16.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen bei unregelmäßi-gem Grundriß, mit halbrunden Eck- und Courtinentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 53,00 x 52,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge und Portalbau), 27 x 27m Hofabmessun-gen, 11,20 m hoher Portalbau (Abb. 29). [Location: The caravanserai is located 21 km south of Neizar at an elevation of 1280 m above sea level, at the intersection of the road from Qazvin to Isfahan and the road from Kashan to Arak (Fig. 28), next to a bridge over the Qom Rud River.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and an irregular ground plan, featuring semicircular corner and curtain towers and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 53.00 x 52.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections and gatehouse), 27 x 27 m courtyard dimensions, 11.20 m high gatehouse (Fig. 29).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 26 Dui Dun caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Dui Dun caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Dui Dun caravanserai « At 10 miles pass the small caravanserai of Dui Dun on the right of the road as well as 2 dry tanks, and descend gently over open ground. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 3 Ebrahim'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.062632 long 54.228003 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ebranpanim abad کاروانسرای ابراهیم آباد VARIANT names: Ebrahim'abad Caravanserai , Yazdani Caravanserai , Eeri Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.453314 long 46.194104 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Eeri Caravanserai , Karavanserail at the Iri Pass , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail at the Iri Pass « Karavanserail am Paß von Iri (Abb. 4 und 42)Lage: In +2460 m ü. N.N. auf der Paßhöhe, am Weg von Tabriz zum Araxes, bei Megri und weiter nach Stepana-kert in Nagorny Karabag (Azarbaidjan), rund 45 km nördlich von Tabriz gelegen.Typ: Zweischiffiges, tonnengewölbtes Bauwerk mit Kuppelgewölben und vorgezogenem, tonnengewölbtem Eingang (Abb.43), Berglandkaravanserail. Dem Eingang ge-genüber (Abb. 42) ein mit Erde eingeschwemmtes Abanbar? (Zisterne) von 14,90 × 9,30 m Außenmaßen (Abb. 44).Abmessungen des Karavanserails: Außenmaße 18,40 m Gesamtlänge, 10,40 m größte Breite. Weite der Schiffe je 3,00 m. Innenhöhe maximal 3,80 m.Baumaterial: Quadermauerwerk in vier Schichten, dar-über Bruchsteinmauerwerk. Kuppel aus gebrannten Ziegeln (19/19/5,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der eigentliche Eingang liegt zwischen dem Eingangsiwan und dem östli-chen Kuppelraum. Das Bauwerk ist relativ gut erhalten. Das Nordschiff weist einen Kamin auf.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: 18. oder 19. Jahrhundert, möglicherweise unter Mitwirkung armenischer Bauleute errichtet. [Caravanserail at the Iri Pass (Figs. 4 and 42)Location: At 2460 m above sea level on the pass summit, on the road from Tabriz to the Araxes River, near Megri and on to Stepanakert in Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan), approximately 45 km north of Tabriz.Type: Two-aisled, barrel-vaulted structure with domed vaults and a projecting, barrel-vaulted entrance (Fig. 43), a mountain caravanserail. Opposite the entrance (Fig. 42) is an earth-filled cistern (abanbar) measuring 14.90 × 9.30 m (Fig. 44).Dimensions of the caravanserail: 18.40 m overall length, 10.40 m maximum width. The aisles are 3.00 m wide each. Maximum interior height is 3.80 m.Building material: Ashlar masonry in four courses, topped with rubble masonry. Dome made of fired bricks (19/19/5.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The actual entrance is located between the entrance iwan and the eastern domed chamber. The structure is relatively well preserved. The north aisle has a chimney.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: 18th or 19th century, possibly built with the assistance of Armenian builders.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 33 Emamzadeh Davood Khargheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 28.904348 long 52.376303 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: emamzadeh davud (khargheh) امامزاده داوود (خرقه) VARIANT names: Emamzadeh Davood Khargheh , Emamzadeh Seyyed Davud , ※ SOURCE for Emamzadeh Seyyed Davud « Emamzadeh Seyyed Davud in Kherqeh (Taf. 28,1) (Abb. 5; 216)Lage: Westlich der sasanidischen Rundstadt Gur bei Firuzabad, in +1500 m ü. N. N., am alten Karawanenweg von Bandar-e Bushehr über Farrashband - Firuzabad nach Djahrom und Darab. Die Bedeutung dieser Route wird durch die auf sasanidischen Resten mehrfach erneuerte, mittelalterliche Brücke unmittelbar westlich der Rundstadt von Gur hervorgehoben.Das Emamzadeh wird von einem Rechteck von Räumen karavanserailartig umgeben, die als Räume einer Koranschule und als Unterkunftsräume für Pilger zu betrachten sind. Der Bau dürfte ins 14. Jahrhundert zurückreichen, hat aber mehrere Um- und Ausbauphasen und Erweiterungen bis in die qadjarische Zeit erfahren. [Emamzadeh Seyyed Davud in Kherqeh (Plate 28.1) (Figs. 5; 216)Location: West of the Sasanian circular city of Gur near Firuzabad, at an elevation of 1500 m above sea level, on the old caravan route from Bandar-e Bushehr via Farrashband and Firuzabad to Djahrom and Darab. The importance of this route is underscored by the medieval bridge, built several times on Sasanian foundations, located immediately west of the circular city of Gur.The Emamzadeh is surrounded by a rectangular array of rooms resembling a caravanserai, which can be considered the rooms of a Koranic school and accommodation for pilgrims. The building likely dates back to the 14th century, but underwent several phases of renovation, expansion, and renovation up until the Qajar period.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 120 Emamzadeh Esma`il : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Emamzadeh Esma`il , Emamzadeh Shah Esma`il , Shah Esma`il , امامزاده اسماعیل , امامزاده شاه اسماعیل , VARIANT names: Emamzadeh Esma`il , Imamsada-ye Mal , ※ SOURCE for Emamzadeh Esma`il « En descendant dans la vallée , nous n'y trouvâmes qu'une terre aride , presque sans arbres . A droite et à gauche sont deux caravansérails. Le premier s'appelle Imám-Zadé- Ismaïl ; le second , Bidek. Nous suivons un canal souterrain et découvrons à gauche les décombres de deux villages abandonnés [Going down into the valley, we found only arid land, almost without trees. To the right and left are two caravanserais. The first is called Imám-Zadé-Ismaïl; the second, Bidek. We follow an underground canal and discover on the left the rubble of two abandoned villages] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 344 ※ SOURCE for Imamsada-ye Mal « Die Imamsada-ye Mal stand in einem im Quadrat ummauerten Platz, der inwendig mit Bauernhausern umber bemau~rt war, wie eine kleine Stadt. Hatte ein Tor zwischen zwei backsteinernen Bollwerken, iiber welchen eine Naggara-chana mit 2 Trommeln. Am Tor war ein tiefer, ummauerter Torbrunnen, wohin Schafe und Ziegen zur Tranke gefiihrt wurden. In der Mitte dieses Platzes war erst ein bliihender Garten mit einem holzernen Heck, [The Imamsada-ye Mal stood in a square walled plaza, the interior of which was surrounded by farmhouses, like a small town. It had a gate between two brick bastions, above which stood a Naggara-chana with two drums. At the gate was a deep, walled well where sheep and goats were led to drink. In the center of this plaza was a blooming garden with a wooden hedge,] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 94 Emamzadeh Esma'il Karavanserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: On the southern edge of the village stood the caravanserai, which was completely demolished. The village school now stands in its place. VARIANT names: Amanzada caravasar , Emamzadeh Esma'il Karavanserail , fine old caravansera , Karrawanfera Esmaal , ※ SOURCE for Amanzada caravasar « Otro dia, diez, caminó el Enbaxador tres leguas con toda la carauana que halló junta en el dicho lugar, has-ta Amanzada, una aldea de pocas casas, recogidas dentro de un caravasar cercado de buena muralla, [Another day, the tenth, the Ambassador walked three leagues with all the caravan he found gathered in the said place, to Amanzada, a village of few houses, gathered within a caravanserai enclosed by a good wall,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 9 ※ SOURCE for Emamzadeh Esma'il Karavanserail « Emamzadeh Esma'il (Isma'il) (Abb. 5; 132) (93)Lage: Etwa 25 km (Luftlinie) südlich des Karavanserails Ab Barik und 20 km nördlich des Karavanserails Mahin, südlich unterhalb eines Passes, in + 1730 m ü. N. N., an der Kurzstrecke von Esfahan nach Shiraz. ... Am nördlichen Ortsrand steht das Emamzadeh Esma'il, ein modern umbautes, safavidisches Kuppel-Emamzadeh. Am südlichen Ortsrand stand das Karavan-serail, es wurde vollständig abgerissen. An seiner Stelle steht heute die Schule des Ortes. fn. 93 Der Ort Emamzadeh Esma'il wurde am 21. 9. 1988 besucht. [Emamzadeh Esma'il (Isma'il) (Fig. 5; 132) (93)Location: Approximately 25 km (as the crow flies) south of the Ab Barik caravanserai and 20 km north of the Mahin caravanserai, south of a pass, at +1730 m above sea level, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz. ... On the northern edge of the village stands the Emamzadeh Esma'il, a modernly rebuilt, Safavid domed emamzadeh. On the southern edge of the village stood the caravanserai, which was completely demolished. The village school now stands in its place.fn. 93 The village of Emamzadeh Esma'il was visited on September 21, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 78 ※ SOURCE for fine old caravansera « There are the remains of a fine old caravansera in ruins there, so that passengers now take shelter in the villagers' dwellings when they are few in number, and sleep without, if forming a numerous caravan. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 261 ※ SOURCE for Karrawanfera Esmaal « de voet van dezenberggingen wy voorby een dorp, de huizen in twee partyen ver- doeld zynde, alwaar mede zoodanige grafftede als de voornoemde, ea ook een ichoone nieuwe Karrawanfera was. Dit dorp werd Esmaal genaamd. [At the foot of this hill we passed a village, the houses being divided into two groups, where there was also a similar burial place to the one mentioned above, and also a small new Karrawanfera. This village was called Esmaal.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 261 Eynolrashid Carvanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.745985 long 52.162921 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye eynolrashid کاروانسرای عین?الرشید VARIANT names: Ain al-Rashid Caravanserai , Eynolrashid Carvanserai , Karavanserail Ain-e Rashid , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ain-e Rashid « Karavanserail Ain-e Rashid (Taf. 24,1-24,4) (Abb. 7 und 133) (64) am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach FarahabadLage: 3 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Abbasa-bad/Siahkuh, in + 1130 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Einfahrten, auf allen vier Seiten durchgehenden Stal-lungen und großen Rundtürmen und Zwischentürmen.Abmessungen: 51,50 x 46,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm- und Portalvorsprünge), 25 x 20 m Hofabmessungen und 7,90 m Höhe des Ost-portals.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (24/24/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Bauwerk mat zwei gegenüberliegende Zugänge, von denen der östliche rchitektonisch betont ist und Ziegelschmuck aufweist, wozu auch ein Formziegel (Abb. 134) gehört. Das Karavan-serail ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch und älter als das benachbarte Karavanserail Abbasabad/Siahkuh. Der Bau läßt erhebliche Set-zungserscheinungen durch große Risse im Mauerwerk er-kennen, möglicherweise sind diese Setzungen im salzhaltigen Boden schon während der Bauarbeiten aufgetreten, so daß der Bau aufgegeben wurde und das Karavanserail Abbasa-bad/Siahkuh errichtet wurde. [Caravanserail Ain-e Rashid (Plates 24.1–24.4) (Figs. 7 and 133) (64) on the Safavid Royal Road from Isfahan to FarahabadLocation: 3 km southwest of the Abbasabad/Siahkuh caravanserail, at an elevation of 1130 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing entrances, continuous stables on all four sides, and large round towers and intermediate towers.Dimensions: 51.50 x 46.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower and portal projections), 25 x 20 m courtyard dimensions, and 7.90 m height of the east portal.Building material: Fired bricks (24/24/4.5 cm).Architectural features and condition: The structure has two opposing entrances, the eastern one being architecturally emphasized and featuring brickwork decoration, including a molded brick (Fig. 134). The caravanserai is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Safavid and older than the neighboring Abbasabad/Siahkuh caravanserai. The building shows significant signs of settlement, evidenced by large cracks in the masonry. These settlements may have occurred during construction due to the saline soil, leading to the abandonment of the project and the subsequent construction of the Abbasabad/Siahkuh caravanserai.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 79 Eyvanekey Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.339781 long 52.047792 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ivanki کاروانسرای ایوانکی VARIANT names: Eyvanekey Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Eyvan-e Key , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Eyvan-e Key « Karavanserail Eyvan-e Key (Taf. 22,2 und 22,3) (Abb.7 und 120) an der Straße Teheran - Mashhad (Khorassan-Straße)Lage: Am westlichen Ortsrand von Eyvan-e Key, 71 km vom südöstlichen Stadtrand von Teheran (Meydan-e Khoras san) entfernt, in + 1120 m ü. N.Ν. » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 72 Fakhr Davoud Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.999956 long 59.313493 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye fakhardavud کاروانسرای فخرداوود VARIANT names: Fakhr Davoud Caravanserai , Fakhr-i-Daud caravanserai , Karavanserail Fakhr Davud , ※ SOURCE for Fakhr-i-Daud caravanserai « FAKHR-I-DAUD-ELEV. 4,800-(C. E. Yate).A small village in the Biväzhän bulük of Meshed in Khorasan, about 16 miles from Sharijābād and the same from Nishapür.It has 15 (?) families and a caravanserai said to have been built by Shah 'Abbās. The serai is covered in with domes. Alcoves at the sides have a high dais for visitors. There is also a high dais in the centre, while the passage between is occupied by animals. Supplies are procurable. The water-supply is from a ganāt. (Schindler; C. E. Yate; H. M. Templo.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 187 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Fakhr Davud « Karavanserail Fakhr Davud (Taf. 14,1) (Abb. 5 und 38) (31)Lage: 25 km südöstlich von Baghishan, 18 km westlich Robat Takht-e Langar, an der südlichen Route von Neyshabur nach Mashhad und an der Route nach Herat über Sang Bast (Sangbast) und unter südlicher Umgehung von Mash-had, in + 1410 mü. N.N.Typ: Vollständig durch Kuppeln gedeckter Hallenbau mit vier starken Rundtürmen an den Außenecken, vorgezo-genem Portalbau und Gliederung der Eingangsfassade durch Blendnischen.Abmessungen: 36×33 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge. Durchmesser der Mittelkuppel 7 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Restauriert und als Kulturzentrum der Umgebung genutzt.Inschriften:Keine bekannt.Datierung:Safavidisch.fn 31 Fakhr Davud wurde am 18.10.1994 besucht. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1162/1983, 242. [Caravanserai Fakhr Davud (Plate 14.1) (Figs. 5 and 38) (31)Location: 25 km southeast of Baghishan, 18 km west of Robat Takht-e Langar, on the southern route from Neyshabur to Mashhad and on the route to Herat via Sang Bast (Sangbast) and bypassing Mashhad to the south, at an elevation of 1410 m above sea level.Type: Hall-like structure entirely covered by domes, with four strong round towers at the outer corners, a projecting portal, and blind niches articulated on the entrance facade.Dimensions: 36 × 33 m external dimensions without projections. Diameter of the central dome: 7 m.Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Restored and used as a cultural center for the surrounding area.Inscriptions:None known.Dating:Safavid.fn 31 Fakhr Davud was visited on October 18, 1994. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravanserais, Vol. I, 1162/1983, 242.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 35 Fakhrabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.744547 long 58.055261 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Fakhr Abad caravanserai , Fakhrabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Fakhr Abad caravanserai «1668-022 Fakhr Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 44 40.69 E58 3 19.39 0.32 ha 16.68 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Faramarz Khan Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.206604 long 57.685512 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye faramarzakhan کاروانسرای فرامرزخان VARIANT names: Faramarz Khan Caravansary , Farasfaj Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231684 , Farasfaj Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Farasfaj Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231684 EAMENA-0231684 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Farasfaj Shah Abbasi Caravanserai «1668-030 Farasfaj Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 29 16.68 E48 16 58.76 0.46 ha 12.56 ha» online reference link [accessed 25 May 2025] Fariman : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.70685 long 59.85006 NIMA/GNS names: Fariman , Farimun , فریمان , VARIANT names: Fariman , ※ SOURCE for Fariman « Karavanserail Fariman (Abb. 5)Lage: 24 km südlich Bakirabad, etwa 66 km südöstlich von Mashhad und etwa 38 km nordwestlich von Robat-e Samangan, einem vermuteten Karawanenort an der Route von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Djam. Im Ort Fariman ist ein Karavanserail überliefert, aber nicht vermessen. [Fariman Caravanserail (Fig. 5)Location: 24 km south of Bakirabad, about 66 km southeast of Mashhad and about 38 km northwest of Robat-e Samangan, a presumed caravan stop on the route from Mashhad to Torbat-e Djam. A caravanserail is documented in the village of Fariman, but not surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 Gabr Abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.768662 long 51.489549 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: brick caravanserai , Gaberabad Caravanserai , Gabr Abad Caravanserai , Gabr-abad caravanserail , Gueberabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Qabrabad , ※ SOURCE for brick caravanserai « En fortant de Cachan on paſſe une plaine de trois lieuës, apres laquelle on entre dans les montagnes, où ſe preſente d'abord un fort beau Carvanſera de brique. Deld on paſſe dans un valon agreable où on marche affez long-temps le long d'un ruiſſeau par un chemin fort étroit. [Leaving Cachan, one crosses a plain of three leagues, after which one enters the mountains, where a very fine brick Carvansera first appears. Beyond, one passes into a pleasant valley where one walks for quite some time along a stream on a very narrow path.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 77 ※ SOURCE for Gaberabad Caravanserai « The track, for only in places did it attain to the dignity of a bridle-road, lay for hours over a stony desert, and then entered the mountains, where I halted for an hour at the once magnificent caravanserai of Gaberabad, in a romantic situation, but falling fast into ruins, and deserted for no reason, so far as I could make out, but that people used to be robbed and have their throats cut there. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 232 ※ SOURCE for Gabr Abad Caravanserai «1668-015 Gabr Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N33 46 6.96 E51 29 22.29 0.44 ha 71.13 ha» online reference link [accessed 12 Apr 2025] ※ SOURCE for Gabr-abad caravanserail « Le caravansérail de Gâbr-âbâd (site 21, fig. 42). Cet édifice, placé sur la même piste que Tchah-gadeh est le premier point d'étape à partir de Kachân, distant de 24 km. En cet endroit que l'on atteint en venant de Kouh-roûd par une gorge sévère, la rivière est d'habitude sèche, mais sujette parfois à de terribles crues. Le constructeur prit grand soin d'établir le caravansérail à l'abri de ce danger. [The caravanserai of Gâbr-âbâd (site 21, fig. 42). This building, located on the same route as Tchah-gadeh, is the first stopping point from Kashân, 24 km away. At this location, reached from Kouh-roûd through a steep gorge, the river is usually dry, but sometimes prone to terrible floods. The builder took great care to establish the caravanserai in a location safe from this danger.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 150 ※ SOURCE for Gueberabad caravanserai « 14½ miles, the caravanserai of Gueberabad. From this road descends to banks of mountain torrent, whose course it follows, » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 56 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qabrabad « Karavanserail Qabrabad (Qamsar) (Abb. 12; 145) (89)Lage: 24 km südlich Kashan (Stadtmauer) am Wege von Kashan über Vandadeh nach Esfahan, in +1580 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und Kuppel über dem Eingang. Zisterne gegenüber dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 60 x 56 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 33 x 26,50 m Hofabmessungen, Zisterne 7 x 3,60 m Innenabmessungen. Höhenmaße unbekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf steinverkleidetem Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Auf stark abfal-lendem Gelände angelegt, gut erhalten, von Revolutionsorga-nen seit der Islamischen Revolution 1979 besetzt, nicht be-tretbar.Inschriften: sind keine erhalten. Inschriftband über dem Eingang zerstört.Datierung: Safavidisch, Anfang 17. Jahrhundert.fn 89 Siroux, Anciennes voies ... 150f. [Qabrabad (Qamsar) Caravanserai (Figs. 12; 145) (89)Location: 24 km south of Kashan (city wall) on the road from Kashan via Vandadeh to Isfahan, at an elevation of 1580 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, round corner towers, a projecting gateway, and a dome over the entrance. Cistern opposite the entrance.Dimensions: 60 x 56 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 33 x 26.50 m courtyard dimensions, cistern 7 x 3.60 m internal dimensions. Height unknown.Building material: Fired bricks on a stone-clad foundation.Architectural features and condition: Built on steeply sloping terrain, well-preserved, occupied by revolutionary organizations since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, inaccessible.Inscriptions: None survive. Inscription band above the entrance destroyed.Dating: Safavid, early 17th century.fn 89 Siroux, Anciennes voies ... 150f.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 78 Gac Darvazeh : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.435103 long 49.87758 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Gac Darvazeh , ※ SOURCE for Gac Darvazeh(Arch. Site) Gac Darvazeh online reference link [accessed 07 Aug 2025] « Station Gac Darvazeh / Gach Darvazeh (Abb. 4; 26)Lage: Zwischen Meydavud und Bagh-e Malek, am Weg von Behbahan über Tashan, an Tang-e Sarvak/Tang-i Sarwak vorbei nach Izeh (Malamir).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Eingangsiwan. Station: drei-schiffige Anlage.Abmessungen: Karavanserail 24 x 18 m Außenmaße, 15,50 x 8,50 m Hofabmessungen. Station: 18 x 15,50 m Au-ßenmaße. Das Mittelschiff ist in 3 Gewölbeabschnitte unter-teilt.setzt. Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtel ver-Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Beide Bauten sind stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Umstritten, möglicherweise spätsasanidisch bis frühislamisch. [Gach Darvazeh Station (Fig. 4; 26)Location: Between Meydavud and Bagh-e Malek, on the route from Behbahan via Tashan, past Tang-e Sarvak/Tang-i Sarwak to Izeh (Malamir).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with entrance iwan. Station: Three-aisled structure.Dimensions: Caravanserai 24 x 18 m exterior dimensions, 15.50 x 8.50 m courtyard dimensions. Station: 18 x 15.50 m exterior dimensions. The central nave is divided into three vaulted sections. Building material: Rubble masonry in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: Both buildings are heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Disputed, possibly late Sasanian to early Islamic.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 22 Gadook caravansaray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.832325 long 52.930414 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye godok کاروانسرای گدوک VARIANT names: Gadook caravansaray , Paßkaravanserail Gaduk , ※ SOURCE for Paßkaravanserail Gaduk « Paßkaravanserail Gaduk (Taf. 19,2-4; 20,1) (Abb. 155 und 190) (130)Lage: 1 km südlich des Passes (+ 2230 m ü. N.N.) in +2210 m ü. N.N. an der Straße Teheran - Firuzkuh - Sari, 16km nordöstlich von Firuzkuh gelegen.Typ: Das ältere Karavanserail nur noch in Bruchstein-mauerspuren an der Erdoberfläche zu erkennen. Offenbar im Typ des gedeckten Berglandkaravanserails erbaut. Seine Ab-messungen betragen 34 × 32 m (Abb. 190).Das safavidische Karavanserail ist ebenfalls im Typ des Berglandkaravanserails als vollständig überdeckter Baukör-per errichtet, teilweise in den Hang eingebaut. Abmessungen: 48 x 35 m (Abb. 191). Raumhöhe 6,20 m (Abb. 192). Karavanserail Aminabad bei Firuzkuh (Abb. 155 ??? 194)2 fn 130 Die Bauten auf dem Paß von Gaduk wurden am 6. 6. 1977 und am 14.5. 1978 vermessen. [Gaduk Pass Caravanserail (Plates 19.2-4; 20.1) (Figs. 155 and 190) (130)Location: 1 km south of the pass (+2230 m a.s.l.) at +2210 m a.s.l. on the Tehran-Firuzkuh-Sari road, 16 km northeast of Firuzkuh.Type: The older caravanserail is only recognizable by traces of rubble masonry on the surface. It appears to have been built as a covered mountain caravanserail. Its dimensions are 34 × 32 m (Fig. 190).The Safavid caravanserail is also built as a fully covered structure, partially built into the hillside, and is a type of mountain caravanserail.Dimensions: 48 x 35 m (Fig. 191). Ceiling height 6.20 m (Fig. 192).Aminabad Caravanserai near Firuzkuh (Figs. 155 and 194)2The buildings on the Gaduk Pass were surveyed on June 6, 1977, and May 14, 1978.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 114 Ganjali khan caravansaray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.290891 long 57.078978 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: madreseh ve karvansaraye gonjali khan مدرسه و کاروانسرای گنجعلی خان VARIANT names: Ganjali khan caravansaray , Garghabazar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 39.538427 long 47.157362 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Garghabazar Caravanserai , Garostaneh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: coordinates taken from Google Maps VARIANT names: Garostaneh Caravanserai , Sarai Kuh-i-Champeh , Serai Koh I Champeh , Serkù , ※ SOURCE for Garostaneh Caravanserai « کاروانسرا.گارستانه »Caravanserai. Garstaneh ※ SOURCE for Sarai Kuh-i-Champeh « Sarai Kuh-i-Champeh (water from tank) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lingeh G-40 G 1941} [adjacent north south track shown as « motorable in dry weather» . PBR] « A 7¾ miles a large tree is passed, and then leaving the stream bed,the road passes over a small bit of open ground covered withwheatfields and at 8¼ miles the caravanserai and a few huts ofSerai Kūh-i-Champeh is reached. Water is obtained from a largecircular tank, thirty feet deep and forty feet in diameter. Thereare no inhabitants or supplies. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 56 ※ SOURCE for Serai Koh I Champeh « At 7¾ miles pass a large tree; then leaving the stream bed pass over a small bit of open ground covered with ploughed wheat fields, and at 8¼ miles halt at Serai Koh I Champeh. Time 3 hours 25 minutes. Road very bad, passable only to small parties of cavalry, to infantry and mountain batteries. From 4 to 4¾ miles it is at its worst, though by blasting and ramping, it might be much improved. Serai Koh I Champeh consists of a small caravanserai and one or two huts. Water is obtained from a large circular bourkah, 30 feet deep and of 40 feet diameter. There are only a few inches of water in it. Inhabitants, none. Supplies, firewood from the hill side. There is sufficient open ground to encamp 2 regiments of infantry and their transport. Camping ground between the two bourkahs. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 3 ※ SOURCE for Serkù « Mercordi 13. perocchè ſalimmo l'afpra, ed erta montagna di Ciampa ; nella cui ſommita trovammo il Karvanſera di Serkù nuovamente fabbricato. Due miglia più avanti cominciammo a fcoprire il Mare del Seno Perſiano, e Bander-Congo. Quindi per un camino precipitoſo ſcendemmo al piano, [Mercordi 13. because we climbed the steep mountain of Ciampa; in whose summit we found the Karvanſera of Serkù newly fabricated. Two miles further on we began to cover the Persian Breast Sea, and Bander-Congo. Then down a precipitous chimney we went down to the floor,] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 277 Gavkhuni Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.338777 long 52.837627 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Gavkhuni Caravanserai , Karawanenstation God , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation God « Karawanenstation God (Abb. 12; 256) 135Lage: 22 km östlich der Brücken von Varzaneh, am Nordufer des Zayandeh Rud, am Karawanenweg von Esfa-han über Varzaneh und Robat-e Khargushi (Provinz Yazd) nach Yazd, in +1450 m ü.N.N., an der Provinzgrenze Esfa-han/Yazd.Typ: Rechteckige, ummauerte Anlage mit runden und viereckigen Türmen. Im Innern ein Vorhof mit schwerem Rundturm als dem ältesten Bauteil und Hof, von Räumen umgeben (Abb. 256. 257).Abmessungen:Gesamtanlage: 116 x 113 m mit Vorsprün-gen. Der Vorhof (ein jüngerer Anbau) hat 53 x 38 m Ausdeh-nung. Der Rundturm hat einen Durchmesser von 7,40 m und eine Mauerstärke von 2 m. Er dürfte von beträchtlicher Höhe - die Funktion eines Mil gehabt haben. Der innere Hof, wohl die ursprüngliche Anlage, mißt 57 x 38 m (Außenmaße), 39,40 x 25,30 m sind die Hofabmessungen (Abb. 257). [ 1,606 God Caravan Station (Figs. 12; 256) 135Location: 22 km east of the Varzaneh bridges, on the north bank of the Zayandeh Rud, on the caravan route from Esfa-han via Varzaneh and Robat-e Khargushi (Yazd Province) to Yazd, at an elevation of 1450 m above sea level, on the Esfa-han/Yazd provincial border.Type: Rectangular, walled structure with round and square towers. The interior features a forecourt with a heavy round tower as the oldest part of the structure and a courtyard surrounded by rooms (Figs. 256, 257).Dimensions: Entire complex: 116 x 113 m with projectionsThe forecourt (a later addition) measures 53 x 38 m. The round tower has a diameter of 7.40 m and a wall thickness of 2 m. It is likely of considerable height and probably served the function of a mil (military guard post). The inner courtyard, presumably the original structure, measures 57 x 38 m (external dimensions), with the courtyard dimensions being 39.40 x 25.30 m (Fig. 257).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 132 Gaz Shah'Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.809308 long 51.609338 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Aganura , Gaz caravanserai , Gaz Shah'Abbasi Caravanserai , Gez caravanserai , Gez caravanseray , Karavanserail Gaz , ※ SOURCE for Aganura « De Michiacour on vient à Aganara autre Carvanſera affez mal bâti; et d'Aganura aprés avoir fait trois lieuës dans des campagnes graffes et fertiles on arrive à Ifpahan. [From Michiacour one comes to Aganara another Carvanſera rather poorly built; and from Aganura after having traveled three leagues through rough and fertile countryside one arrives at Ifpahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73 ※ SOURCE for Gaz caravanserai «1668-017 Gaz Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 48 33.69 E51 36 33.56 0.9 ha 20.36 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Gez caravanserai « To the left one or two villages are seen, and one on right right under hills. 21 miles, the caravanserai of Gez, an extensive building. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57 ※ SOURCE for Gez caravanseray « Resuming our march after a short halt, we passed several flourishing villages on either side (amongst them, and some distance to the east of the road, Gurgáb, which is so celebrated for its melons) , and, about 4 P.M., reached our halting- place, Gez. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 194 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gaz « Karavanserail Gaz (Gez) (Taf. 13,1-3) (Abb. 12; 101) (70)Lage: 23 km nördlich des Stadtzentrums von Esfahan und 12 km nördlich des Karavanserails Anushirvani (Amina-bad), in +1560 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Murceh-khort (Morcheh Khort/Murtchehkhort).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier lwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen. Nischengliederung auf allen vier Außenseiten als jüngere Anbauten, Kuppel über dem Ein-gang, turmförmiger Aufbau (Mil) über dem östlichen Eck-turm, vorspringender Portalbau.Abmessungen: 90,36 x 80,72 m Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge, 54,30 x 44,10 m Hofabmessungen. Die Kuppelhöhe beträgt 10,70 m, die Portalhöhe 14,10 m (Abb. 102) und die Höhe der Seitenfronten 7,10 m (Abb. 103).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf steinverkleidetem Sockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Arkaden auf al-len Außenseiten, Turmaufbau über einem Eckturm. Das Ge-bäude befindet sich in befriedigendem Zustand und wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: In safavidischer Zeit errichtet als Ersatz für eine große benachbarte, in Lehmbauweise errichtete, um-mauerte Station.fn 70 Ebenda 164f. - Die Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 11. 9. 1988 vermessen. [Gaz (Gez) Caravanserail (Plate 13.1-3) (Figs. 12; 101) (70)Location: 23 km north of the city center of Esfahan and 12 km north of the Anushirvani (Amina-bad) Caravanserail, at an elevation of 1560 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Murcheh Khort (Murcheh Khort/Murtchehkhort) route.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four bays, two stable sections, and round corner towers. Niches on all four exterior sides are later additions. A dome sits above the entrance, and a tower-like structure (Mil) rises above the eastern corner tower. A projecting portal building completes the structure.Dimensions: 90.36 x 80.72 m (exterior dimensions excluding projections), 54.30 x 44.10 m (courtyard dimensions). The dome height is 10.70 m, the portal height is 14.10 m (Fig. 102), and the side facades are 7.10 m high (Fig. 103).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base.Structural features and condition: Arcades on all exterior sides, a tower structure above one corner tower. The building is in satisfactory condition and is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Built in the Safavid period to replace a large, adjacent, walled station constructed of mud brick.fn 70 Ibid., pp. 164f. – The sections and elevations were surveyed on September 11, 1988.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 55 Gazitan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.082984 long 50.988072 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: no other sources found for this caravanserai VARIANT names: Gazitan , ※ SOURCE for Gazitan « At 27 miles there is a caravansarai and 6 newly built houses, on left of road, called Gazistan. There is a ganāt here. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235 Ghaibullah Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Ghaibatullah , Ghaibullah Caravanserai , Karavanserail Sheikh Hazur , Parao C. , ※ SOURCE for Ghaibatullah « Ghaibatullah » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lingeh G-40 G 1941} ※ SOURCE for Ghaibullah Caravanserai shown in google maps as کاروانسرا غیب الله roughly translated as Ghaibullah Caravanserai ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sheikh Hazur « Karavanserail Sheikh Hazur (Hozur) (Abb. 8; 247) (126)Lage: 19 km nordöstlich von Bastak, 27 km südöstlich von Anveh, in + 410 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail, nur zwei Flügel ausgeführt. Vorgezogener Portalbau, Arkadengang am Nordflügel. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorbau 30,50 x 30 m, vorgesehene Hofabmessungen etwa 19 × 19 m, Ge-bäudehöhe 3,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Unvollendet und verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 126 Die Ruine wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Caravanserail Sheikh Hazur (Hozur) (Fig. 8; 247) (126)Location: 19 km northeast of Bastak, 27 km southeast of Anveh, at an elevation of 410 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) to Lar.Type: Courtyard caravanserail, only two wings were built. Projecting entrance building, arcade on the north wing.Dimensions: External dimensions without entrance entrance 30.50 x 30 m, planned courtyard dimensions approximately 19 x 19 m, building height 3.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Unfinished and dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 126 The ruin was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 134 ※ SOURCE for Parao C. « At the 3rd hour of night I stopped in a caravanserai called Parao, which was beautiful like the others. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 292 Ghale Asgar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.526507 long 56.671673 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye vakil olmolk کاروانسرای وکیل الملک VARIANT names: Ghale Asgar Caravanserai , Qal'eh Askar und Sorkhekan , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Askar und Sorkhekan « Qal'eh Askar und Sorkhekan (Sorkhan)/Qanat Sir (Abb. 4)Zwei Plätze, an denen Karavanserails oder Stationen erwähnt werden, aber keine Reste mehr vorhanden sind.Qal'ch Askar liegt etwa 40 km nördlich von Baft und 25 km südlich von Sorkhekan (Sorkhan)/Qanat Sir. Letzte-res befindet sich etwa 12 km südlich von Negar, einem Ort mit seldschukischem Minarett und frühislamischer Festung (65), am Karawanenweg von Kerman nach Baft und weiter über Dowlatabad und Kashkuiyeh (Provinz Hormozgan) nach Bandar-e Abbas. Qal'eh Askar liegt in +2570 m ü. N. N., Sorkhekan in + 2400 m ü. N. N., Baft in + 2220 m ü. N. N. und Negar in + 2300 m ü. N. Ν. Verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.fn 65 Qal'eh Negar wird in anderem Zusammenhang vorgelegt. [Qal'eh Askar and Sorkhekan (Sorkhan)/Qanat Sir (Fig. 4)Two sites where caravanserails or stations are mentioned, but no remains exist.Qal'eh Askar is located approximately 40 km north of Baft and 25 km south of Sorkhekan (Sorkhan)/Qanat Sir. The latter is situated about 12 km south of Negar, a town with a Seljuk minaret and an early Islamic fort (65), on the caravan route from Kerman to Baft and onward via Dowlatabad and Kashkuiyeh (Hormozgan Province) to Bandar-e Abbas. Qal'eh Askar lies at an elevation of 2,570 m above sea level, Sorkhekan at 2,400 m above sea level, and Baft at 2,220 m above sea level. N. N. and Negar at + 2300 m above sea level.Decayed.Inscriptions: None known.fn 65 Qal'eh Negar is presented in another context.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 89 ghale gabri shirino : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Gabri Shirino Castle قلعه گبری شیرینو VARIANT names: ghale gabri shirino , ghale paalam : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.847026 long 47.999178 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Pa'alam Castle قلعه پاعلم VARIANT names: ghale paalam , Station Pol-e Tang , ※ SOURCE for Station Pol-e Tang « Station Pol-e Tang (Taf. 1,2-4) (Abb. 4; 23) (27)Lage: Am Übergang des Karawanenweges von Dezful nach Khorramabad (13 km nördlich nörd der Provinz-Grenze, in der Provinz Khorramabad) über eine tiefe und enge Schlucht, in der der Seymareh/Saimareh eine Felsbarriere durchbricht, neben einer 4 m breiten Brücke, die auf alten Fundamenten errichtet ist, steht ein Wachtturm und etwas höher gelegen die Ruine eines Stationsgebäudes in +310 m ü.N.N.Typ: Langgestreckter, tonnengewölbter Bau mit Mittel-eingang, fünf Räumen und zwei massigen Rundtürmen.Abmessungen: Länge: 54,50 m (einschließlich der Tür-me), Breite 8,70 m (einschließlich der Türme), Höhe des Ge-bäudes 4 m. Höhe der Türme 5,20 m (Abb. 24).Der Wachtturm hat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 5,80 m und erreicht eine Höhe von 7,50 m (Abb. 25).Baumaterial: Bei Turm und Station Bruchsteinmauer-werk in Lehmverband, die Brücke aus Bruchstein in Kalk-mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Turm und Sta-tion sind stark beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn Abmessungen: Länge: 54,50 m (einschließlich der Tür-me), Breite 8,70 m (einschließlich der Türme), Höhe des Ge-bäudes 4 m. Höhe der Türme 5,20 m (Abb. 24).Der Wachtturm hat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 5,80 m und erreicht eine Höhe von 7,50 m (Abb. 25).Baumaterial: Bei Turm und Station Bruchsteinmauer-werk in Lehmverband, die Brücke aus Bruchstein in Kalk-mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Turm und Station sind stark beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.27 Station und Turm wurden am 10. 5. 1994 vermessen.27 Station und Turm wurden am 10. 5. 1994 vermessen. [Pol-e Tang Station (Plates 1, 2-4) (Figs. 4; 23) (27)Location: At the crossing of the caravan route from Dezful to Khorramabad (13 km north of the provincial border, in Khorramabad Province), over a deep and narrow gorge where the Seymareh/Saimareh River cuts through a rock barrier, next to a 4 m wide bridge built on old foundations, stands a watchtower and, slightly higher up, the ruins of a station building at 310 m above sea level.Type: Elongated, barrel-vaulted structure with a central entrance, five rooms, and two massive round towers.Dimensions: Length: 54.50 m (including the towers), width: 8.70 m (including the towers), building height: 4 m. Tower height: 5.20 m (Fig. 24). The watchtower has an outer diameter of 5.80 m and reaches a height of 7.50 m (Fig. 25).Building material: The tower and station are constructed of rubble masonry in a clay bond; the bridge is constructed of rubble stone in a lime mortar bond.Structural features and condition: The tower and station are severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.Dimensions: Length: 54.50 m (including the towers), width: 8.70 m (including the towers), building height: 4 m. Tower height: 5.20 m (Fig. 24).The watchtower has an outer diameter of 5.80 m and reaches a height of 7.50 m (Fig. 25).Building material: The tower and station are constructed of rubble masonry in a clay bond; the bridge is constructed of rubble stone in a lime mortar bond. Structural features and condition: The tower and station are heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.The station and tower were surveyed on May 10, 1994.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 21 Gharebil caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.350656 long 56.315689 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat ghareh bil کاروانسرای رباط قره بیل VARIANT names: Gharebil caravanserai , Karavanserail Robat-e Qarah Bil , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Qarah Bil « Typ: Im Kern Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier runden Ecktürmen und zwei Stallabteilungen. Der Haupt-stallbereich liegt im Vorderteil des Gebäudes, quergelagert vor dem Hof. In einer jüngeren Bauphase wurden im Westen und im Osten je eine von außen zugängliche Stall-abteilung angebaut und in einer dritten Bauphase ein Vorhof mit Portalbau hinzugefügt (Abb. 9).Abmessungen: 58,50×51,50m Außenmaße der Ge-samtanlage ohne Vorsprünge. Höhe der Ruine etwa 4,80-5,00 m (Abb. 10). Der ursprüngliche Bau hat folgende Abmessungen: 38 × 34,50 m Außenmaße ohne Turmund Portalvorsprünge, 15,70 × 12,60 m Hofabmessungen [Type: Essentially a courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four round corner towers, and two stable sections. The main stable area is located in the front of the building, positioned transversely in front of the courtyard. In a later construction phase, an externally accessible stable section was added to both the west and east sides, and in a third construction phase, a forecourt with a gateway was added (Fig. 9).Dimensions: 58.50 × 51.50 m external dimensions of the entire complex, excluding projections. Height of the ruin approximately 4.80–5.00 m (Fig. 10). The original building had the following dimensions: 38 × 34.50 m (external dimensions excluding tower and portal projections), 15.70 × 12.60 m (courtyard dimensions)] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 16 Ghazmabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.966661 long 50.418051 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghazm abad کاروانسرای غازم آباد VARIANT names: Ghazmabad Caravanserai , Ghotour Shah Abbassi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.466036 long 44.623527 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi ghtor کاروانسرای شاه عباسی قطور VARIANT names: Ghotour Shah Abbassi Caravanserai , Khoy caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Khoy caravanserai «1668-040 Khoy Iran (Islamic Republic of) N38 27 57.6 E44 37 24.7 0.04 ha 6.96 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Ghotour Shah Abbassi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.46605 long 44.623528 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi ghtor کاروانسرای شاه عباسی قطور VARIANT names: Ghotour Shah Abbassi Caravanserai , Karavanserail II, 41 km westlich von Khoy , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail II, 41 km westlich von Khoy « Karavanserail II, 41 km westlich von Khoy (Abb. 4 und 28) (26)Lage: Das Karavanserail (Taf. 2,4) steht 7km westlich des eben beschriebenen, am westlichen Ende einer Talenge, die von beiden Karavanserails flankiert wird. Oberhalb des Karavanserails erheben sich auf schroffem Felsen über dem Eisenbahntunnel die Ruinen einer 2- bis 3-räumigen Burg-anlage (Abb. 29). Die Bauten liegen an der direkten Karawa-nenroute von Tabriz über Khoy und Qotur nach Van in der Türkei.Typ: Im Grundriß unregelmäßiges, vierschiffiges, ton-nengewölbtes Bergland-Karavanserail mit blockartig beton-tem Eingang im Osten. Fassade war 1967 durch die angebau-ten Bauhütten des Eisenbahnbaus nicht sichtbar.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 20,70 x 22,80 m einschließ-lich Torbau. Die Breite der Schiffe beträgt 3,70-3,80 m, die Mauerstärke 1,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtel auf-geführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Bauwerk ist gut erhalten und wurde vom Eisenbahnbau als Arbeiter-unterkunft genutzt. [Caravanserail II, 41 km west of Khoy (Figs. 4 and 28) (26)Location: This caravanserail (Plates 2.4) is located 7 km west of the one just described, at the western end of a narrow valley flanked by both caravanserails. Above the caravanserail, on craggy rock above the railway tunnel, rise the ruins of a two- to three-room castle complex (Fig. 29). The buildings are situated on the direct caravan route from Tabriz via Khoy and Qotur to Van in Turkey.Type: An irregularly shaped, four-aisled, barrel-vaulted mountain caravanserail with a block-like, concrete entrance on the east side. In 1967, the facade was obscured by the construction huts built onto it for the railway construction.``` Dimensions: External dimensions 20.70 x 22.80 m including the gatehouse. The width of the naves is 3.70–3.80 m, and the wall thickness is 1.20 m.Building material: Rubble masonry set in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The building is well preserved and was used as workers' accommodation by the railway construction company.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 26 Goldamche Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: google earth dimensions approx 13m x 13m VARIANT names: caravanserail , Goldamche Caravanserai , K. Hadschi ressa (Addji Reså) , walls of ruined K (Thévenot) , ※ SOURCE for caravanserail [no place name given - description used for Route 81 stage 057. PBR] « Après trois heures de marche, nous trouvons un caravansérail ruiné, près duquel est une citerne sèche bâtie en berceau. Nous étions dans un terrain pierreux, entre deux montagnes, qui laissent entr'elles peu d'espace. [After three hours of walking, we found a ruined caravanserai, near which was a dry cistern built in a barrel shape. We were in stony terrain, between two mountains, which left little space between them.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 456 ※ SOURCE for Goldamche Caravanserai «Goldamche Caravanserai / Jahrom City / Fars Province Photo » online reference link [accessed 24 Jun 2024] « At 10½ miles cultivation ceases and the road runs up gentle but stony slopes, passing a ruined sarai at 10¾ miles, Water from qanāts, and an open cistern; » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 177 « The Shah Abbasi Goldamcheh caravanserai is a brick structure with three chambers in the east and a longitudinal stable in the west. There is a dome on each chamber and three domes on the stable. The size of the side chambers is 33 meters and the size of the middle chamber is 474. In front of each of these chambers there is a small Iran 2.5 meters long. The floor of the chambers is about half a meter higher than the Iran and is plastered with mortar. The side chambers have two niches measuring 11.40 meters and a fireplace measuring 1.5×1 meter in front of the entrance door. The niches and fireplaces are 40 centimeters higher than the floor of the chamber. The middle chamber is larger. It has four niches on the north and south sides measuring 1×1 meter. The fireplace of this chamber measuring 11.5 meters has a barrel vault and is located opposite the entrance door. The stable of the building, which is located on the west side of the building, has eight holes measuring 20×40 centimeters on the east side and four holes on the west side, which were used to tie the horse's bridle. This part of the building has barrel vaults decorated with stucco. The bases of the arches on the east side are located on the back wall of the chambers and on the west side on a short column. There are two arch openings measuring 21.5 and 5 meters high on the west side, which had both a decorative and a functional role. » #3365 Majid Mansouri, Archaeological Survey of the Kordian District, Jahrom, Fars, Iran (In Persian), Payam Baratshenas Magazine, 2015 yr.12: issue 23: ~ p. 89 ※ SOURCE for K. Hadschi ressa (Addji Reså) « Um 12 Uhr nachts SO durch Felsen und steinige Hügel auf gewundenem Wege nach 2 Farsach zu einer Karawanserei, gebaut von Hadschi ressá (Addji Reså). Bestand nur in 3 großen Vorgewölben und einem Hinterstall. Hier traten die vorigen Höhen stark hervor und besonders der uns entgegen- stehende Berg, an dessen Fuß Djahrom liegt, [At 12 o'clock at night SE through rocks and stony hills on a winding path to 2 Farsach to a caravanserai built by Hajji ressá (Addji Reså). Existed only in 3 large vestibules and a back stable. Here the previous heights stood out strongly and especially the mountain opposite us, at the foot of which lies Djahrom,] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 114 ※ SOURCE for walls of ruined K (Thévenot) « about half an hour after Five we paft by the Walls of a ruinated Kervanʃeray, with a Ciſtern adjoyning it : about Seven a Clock we found ſome Brooks, and then Travelled amongst good Corn-Fields, until half an hour after Ten, when having paſſed by a great many Gardens, we arrived at a large Kervanʃeray, which is about an hundred paces from a little Town called Dgiaroun, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ p. 128 Golestan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.740231 long 52.424507 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Golestan caravanserai , Golshan Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.801013 long 48.514729 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye golshen کاروانسرای گلشن VARIANT names: Golshan Caravansary , Golshan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.262285 long 49.996568 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Golshan Caravanserai , Golshan Caravanserai, Lar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Golshan Caravanserai, Lar , Saray-e Golshan , Sara-ye Golshan, Lar , ※ SOURCE for Golshan Caravanserai, Lar Persian text: کاروانسرای نو (کاروانسرای گلشن) مربوط به دوره صفوی است و در قدیم لار، متری خروس، جنب بازار واقع شده و این اثر در تاریخ ۲۶ تیر ۱۳۵۷ با شمارهٔ ثبت ۱۶۱? به?عنوان یکی از آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است.[۱] The New Caravanserai (Golshan Caravanserai) belongs to the Safavid period and is located in old Lar, Metri Khoros, next to the market, and this work was registered as one of the national works of Iran on July 26, 1357 with registration number 1619.[1] online reference link [accessed 25 Feb 2024] ※ SOURCE for Saray-e Golshan « Das safavidische Karavanserail Saray-e Golshan, für welches in der Bevölkerung auch die Namen Saray-e Camal-Sadeh und Saray-e Fromar Seh Giroshi bekannt sind, liegt an der Südostseite des Meidan-e Qaysarieh und wird von diesem durch einen breiten Iwan mit je einer Nische links und rechts davon betreten. Das außen 52 X 52 m und im Hof 29X 26 m messende Bauwerk ist ein typisches Hofkaravanserail mit Räumen an den Längsseiten und Stallungen in den Ecken, Zu beiden Seiten des Einganges liegen je vier kleine, quadratische Läden wobei in den dem Eingang am nächsten gelegenen je eine schmale Treppe zum Dach führt (Abb. 7). [The Safavid caravanserail Saray-e Golshan, for which the names Saray-e Camal-Sadeh and Saray-e Fromar Seh Giroshi are also known among the population, is located on the southeast side of the Meidan-e Qaysarieh and is connected to it by a wide iwan Enter a niche to the left and right of it. The building, which measures 52 x 52 m on the outside and 29 x 26 m in the courtyard, is a typical court caravan serail with rooms on the long sides and stables in the corners. There are four small, square shops on both sides of the entrance, with the ones closest to the entrance a narrow staircase leads to the roof (Fig. 7).] » #3205 R. Pohanka, The historical buildings of the city of Lar., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1983 vol. 16:pp. 347-48. ~ p.340 ※ SOURCE for Sara-ye Golshan, Lar « Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar (Abb. ; 230) 161Lage: In der Stadt Lar, in + 800 m ü. N. N. (210 km süd- östlich von Djahrom). Es handelt sich um die aneinanderge- setzten Karavanserails Sara-ye Qadimi, Sara-ye Golshan und Sara-ye Maguli.Typ: Das Sara-ye Qadimi und das Sara-ye Golshan sind Hofkaravanserails ohne ausgebildete Iwane, aber mit Arka- dengängen vor den Räumen. Das Sara-ye Golshan hat einen vorgezogenen Portalbau. Der Hof des Sara-ye Maguli ist auf drei Seiten von Räumen umgeben. [Caravanserails in the city of Lar (Fig. ; 230) 161Location: In the town of Lar, at + 800 m above sea level. N. N. (210 km south-east of Djahrom). These are the connected caravanserails Sara-ye Qadimi, Sara-ye Golshan and Sara-ye Maguli.Type: The Sara-ye Qadimi and the Sara-ye Golshan are court caravan serails without trained iwans, but with arcades in front of the rooms. The Sara-ye Golshan has an advanced portal construction. The courtyard of Sara-ye Maguli is surrounded by rooms on three sides.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 128 Gorg Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.478552 long 59.723377 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Gorg Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Gorg Caravanserai « EAMENA-0207486 » Gujeh Caravanserai, Beel Gora Valley : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.401665 long 46.857552 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Gujeh Caravanserai, Beel Gora Valley , Karavanserail Caldagh , Karavanserail Chaldag , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Caldagh « Karavanserail Caldagh/Chaldag (Abb. 4 und 45) (40)Lage: Das Karavanserail (Taf. 1,4; 3,1.2) steht auf der Nordseite des Passes in + 1680 m ü. N. N., 21 km südwestlich von Ahar am Wege von Ahar nach Tabriz, 100 km nordöstlich der Hauptstadt der Provinz Azarbaidjan-Ost. Oberhalb des Karavanserails erstreckt sich eine eisenzeitliche, befestigte Siedlung mit Zitadelle.Typ: Vollständig gedecktes Bergland-Karavanserail (Abb. 46) mit vier runden Ecktürmen und weiteren vier nachträglich angebauten Halbrundtürmen. Ein nachträglich durch 5 Kuppeln überdeckter Mittelgang erschließt auf der Südseite des Karavanserails 7 und auf der Nordseite 6 ton-nengewölbte Räume.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37,20 × 36,40 m. Breite des Mittelganges 4,80 m, der südlichen Räume 3-4 m, der nörd-lichen Räume 4,50-5 m. Mauerstärke 1,20 m. Die Höhe der Räume beträgt 4,50 m, die Kuppelscheitel erreichten eine Höhe von 7,30 m (Abb. 47).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, die Gewölbe und Kuppeln sind in gebrannten Ziegeln ausgeführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Umbauten am Eingangsbereich und im Mittelgang. Der Bau ist stark zer-stört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit im 17.Jahrhundert errichtet.fn 40 AMI N. F. 2, 1969, 53f. und AMI 14, 1981, 17f. - Der Bau wurde im Grundriß 1968 und in den Schnitten am 18. 10. 1978 vermessen. [Caldagh/Chaldag Caravanserail (Figs. 4 and 45) (40)Location: The caravanserail (Plates 1.4; 3.1.2) stands on the north side of the pass at an elevation of 1680 m above sea level, 21 km southwest of Ahar on the road from Ahar to Tabriz, and 100 km northeast of the capital of the province of Azerbaijan-East. An Iron Age fortified settlement with a citadel extends above the caravanserail.Type: A fully covered mountain caravanserail (Fig. 46) with four round corner towers and four additional semicircular towers added later. A central corridor, later covered by five domes, provides access to seven barrel-vaulted rooms on the south side of the caravanserail and six on the north side. Dimensions: External dimensions 37.20 × 36.40 m. Width of the central aisle 4.80 m, the southern rooms 3–4 m, the northern rooms 4.50–5 m. Wall thickness 1.20 m. The rooms are 4.50 m high, and the dome apex reached a height of 7.30 m (Fig. 47).Building material: Rubble masonry; the vaults and domes are constructed of fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Alterations to the entrance area and central aisle. The building is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built during the Safavid period in the 17thcentury.fn 40 AMI N. F. 2, 1969, 53f. and AMI 14, 1981, 17f. - The building was surveyed in plan view in 1968 and in sections on October 18, 1978.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 33 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Chaldag see source « Karavanserail Caldagh» Gul-i Shutur : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.43530084 long 61.18603035 VARIANT names: Gul-i Shutur , Ribat (in ruins) , ※ SOURCE for Gul-i Shutur « 2083. GUL-I SHUTUR Original: Lat. 34º 260 N, long. 61º 110 E. Map 51. Revised: 34.43530084 N, 61.18603035 E / 34º 260 07.08303120 N, 61º 110 09.70925640 E. Herat Province. 27 km from Ghuriyān on the road to Khwāf (Iran), just before the ascent to Hauz-i Sang-i Dukhtar. Description: An old caravanserai and cistern. Source: Maitland and Drummond 1888: 3—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 426 ※ SOURCE for Ribat (in ruins) « Ribat (in ruins) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-41H Ghurian} Gumbaz-i Surkh : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Gumbaz-i Surkh , ※ SOURCE for Gumbaz-i Surkh « 842. QAL’A-I FATH Original: Lat. 30º 33’ N, long. 61º 51’ E. Map. 93. Revised: 30.54489823 N, 61.84999528 E / 30º 32’ 41.63363376 N, 61º 50’ 59.98302240 E. Nimrūz Province. On the east bank of the Helmand, 37 km north of Chahār Burjak. Dates: ?Bactrian, 3rd–1st cent. BC; ?Sasanian, 3rd–7th C. (numismatic); Timurid, 15th–16th cent. (architectural). Description: A very large area of ruins and mounds, amongst the most extensive in Seistan. It is a square, walled city with 94 round towers up to 10 m high (in 1905), though with much of it washed away by floods. Construction is mostly mud-brick. In the north-east is a citadel quarter on a mound c.10 m high surrounded by a double line of walls, strengthened by more round towers. The top of the mound is divided into two huge buildings, with walls a further 22 m high, with crenellations and loopholes. There are also remains of many brick kilns or ice houses up to 13 m diam., and a baked brick caravanserai or madrasa, known as the Gumbaz-i Surkh, outside the walls to the south. In the vicinity are extensive remains of gardens and canals. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 291 Gushe'shahanshah Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.396294 long 48.281403 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye gusheh shesneshah کاروانسرای گوشه شهنشاه VARIANT names: Gushe'shahanshah Caravanserai , Habibabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.847993 long 51.817396 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Habibabad Caravanserai کاروانسرای حبیب آباد VARIANT names: Caravanserai de Riek , Habibabad Caravanserai , Kuk , Ruck al Reschman , village de Riek , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai de Riek « Nous nous mimes en chemin le deuxieme de Mars, à 9. heures du matin, et trouvames la plaine inondée. Nous ne laiffämes pas de la traverfer, à l'aide de pluſieurs petits ponts, et arrivâmes fur les 3. heures au Caravanserai de Riek après une traite de 5. lieuës. [We set out on the second of March, at 9 o'clock in the morning, and found the plain flooded. We did not hesitate to cross it, using several small bridges, and arrived at the Caravanserai of Riek at 3 o'clock after a journey of 5 leagues.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 398 ※ SOURCE for Kuk « The night between the last of Iuly and the first of August, we travell'd four leagues further, and came the next day to a Village called Kuk. We were lodg'd in the house of the Kaucha, or Judge of the place, where we continu'd all that day, and the night fol|lowing. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 197 ※ SOURCE for Ruck al Reschman « Ruck al Reschman » in {map#1451 Carte du voyage de Perse et du Dagesthan, les années 1636, 1637 et 1638 selon la relation d'Olearius ; Carte de la route d'Ispaham à Ormus selon la relation de Mandeslo, , 1677, ibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE DD-2987 (6734) fig. } ※ SOURCE for village de Riek « Pendant la nuit nous paflames à côté de deux autres Caravanserais, dont le premier eft parfaitement beau, après une traite de 7. lieuës nous parvinmes au village de Riek, où nous reftames jufques à trois heures du matin. [During the night we traveled alongside two other caravans, the first of which was perfectly fine. After a journey of 7 leagues, we reached the village of Riek, where we stayed until three o'clock in the morning.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 184 Habib'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.83223 long 51.7728 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye habib abad کاروانسرای حبیب آباد VARIANT names: Habib'abad Caravanserai , Haj Hasan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.727473 long 52.350369 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Haj Hasan Caravanserai , Haj Kamal Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.472451 long 51.083753 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye haj kamal کاروانسرای حاج کمال VARIANT names: Fath-Ali Shah Caravanserai , Haj Kamal Caravanserai , Karavanserail Robat Karim I , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Karim I « Karavanserail Robat Karim (Taf. 21,1-4; 22,1) (Abb. 155 und 219)Lage: Im Ort Robat Karim, südwestlich von Teheran in + 1080 m ü. N. N., am Wege von Teheran nach Saveh gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 2 einander gegenüberliegen-den Iwanen und schrägem Vorhof, von dem aus der Karavan-serailhof in zweimaliger Richtungsänderung über einen Kup-pelraum erreicht wird. Der Bau ist auf der Eingangsseite von der Ortschaft umbaut. Ein Eingangsbau in den Vorhof ist nicht mehr vorhanden.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 56 x 60 m, Hofmaße 28 x 27 m. Vorhof 16 m breit, seine Länge auf 18 m erhalten. Die Einfahrtsfassade vom Vorhof aus ist 6,50 m hoch. [Caravanserail Robat Karim (Plates 21.1-4; 22.1) (Figs. 155 and 219)Location: In the town of Robat Karim, southwest of Tehran at an elevation of 1080 m above sea level, on the road from Tehran to Saveh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans and a sloping forecourt, from which the caravanserail courtyard is reached via a domed hall after two changes of direction. The building is surrounded by the village on the entrance side. An entrance building to the forecourt no longer exists.Dimensions: External dimensions 56 x 60 m, courtyard dimensions 28 x 27 m. Forecourt 16 m wide, its length preserved to 18 m. The entrance facade from the courtyard is 6.50 m high.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 129 Haj Mehdi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.289281 long 57.077509 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye haj moteodi کاروانسرای حاج مهدی VARIANT names: Haj Mehdi Caravanserai , Haji Ali Aka caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Haji Ali Aka caravansaray « On entering the city we first made our way through the bazaars to the caravansaray of the Vakíl, which we were told was the best; but here there was no room to be had, so, after some delay, during which I was surrounded by a little crowd of sight-seers, we proceeded to the caravansaray of Hájí AlíÁká, where I obtained a lodging. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 429 Haji 'Ali C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: see Karavanserail Cahar Berkeh. VARIANT names: caravanserai (Rebelo) , Haji 'Ali C. , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Haji 'Ali C. FOR Ouasili [Gaube], ※ SOURCE for caravanserai (Rebelo) « Après ce village, nous nous arrêtâmes dans un caravansérail à quatre lieues de là, et le quittämes le lendemain à quatre heures de l'après-midi pour parcourir les trois lieues qui nous séparaient de Lara. [After this village, we stopped at a caravanserai four leagues away, and left it the next day at four o'clock in the afternoon to travel the three leagues which separated us from Lara.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 103 [Rebelo's 4 and 3 lieues is short of the 70 kms distance between Cromu (Hormud-e Mir Khund) and Lar. a 4 and 3 split of 70 kms would put the caravansérail about Haji 'Ali C. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Haji 'Ali C. « At ½ mile pass the caravansarai of Hāji 'Ali; water from two cisterns; grazing fair; » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 170 « Persian text omitted. [Faryab Castle 15. The distance from Char Bar to Faryab Castle is three farsakhs. The road is smooth and level. The mountain south of the road is located at a distance of half a farsakh in the south, about one farsakh, they reach Haji Ali's caravanserai, there are two ponds and a caravanserai here. There are three ponds, a caravanserai and a ruined castle in Faryab Castle. Watermelons, melons, barley and wheat used to be in this Faryab Castle, but now they are not.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 582 « Haji 'Ali (2 cisterns) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} Haliagan Karavanserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Shown in Kleiss sketch map but no details. VARIANT names: Haliagan Karavanserail , ※ SOURCE for Haliagan Karavanserail « Haliagan Karavanserail » in {map#1326 , #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~, , fig. Abb. 9 Karte der Umgebung von Izeh (Malamir)} Hanaka caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Hanaka caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Hanaka caravanserai « We camped that night in a lonely caravanserai at Hanaka. » #3296 Emily Overend Lorimer, letter 'En route from Bandar Abbas to Kerman. The Village of Kishku', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, 1912-13 ~ p. 29 « It was nearly dark before the handsome new brickbuilt caravanserai of Hanaka appeared before us, beautifully situated among high snow-covered mountains. These caravanserais arc the one institution of which Persia can fairly boast. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 307 Hang Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.219168 long 60.465662 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat npang رباط هنگ VARIANT names: Hang Caravanserai , Hasanijeh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.048572 long 51.03201 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Hasanijeh Caravanserai کاروانسرای حسنیجه VARIANT names: Hasanijeh Caravanserai , Husseini caravanserai , Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh , ※ SOURCE for Husseini caravanserai « Our stage to-day was to Deh Hak, and at 2.45 p.m. we arrived at a large village, with a fine-looking but ruinous caravanserai. Ghulamshah and I took it for granted that this was Deh Hak, and dismounting prowled about the ruined caravanserai for a part with a sound roof. ... The villaee was not Deh Hak at all, but Husseini, and I warn any future traveller against going to Hussemi with any appearance of being solitary and unprotected. Our road from here was a steady ascent ; to our ri » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ pp. 380-1 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh « Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh (Taf. 6,3-7,1) (Abb. 12; 58) (51)Lage: Das Karavanserail (bei M. Siroux: Aznidjeh) steht 36 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Madar-e Shah am Paß von Dhor (Dar/Dor), 30 km südöstlich der Station bei Khun-dab und 18 km südöstlich des Ortes Khundab, in +1880 m ü.N.N., am Wege von Esfahan nach Golpayegan, am Rande des gleichnamigen Dorfes.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Rundtürmen an den Außenecken und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 58,30 x 50 m Außenmaße, ohne Turmund Portalvorsprünge, 28,50 x 23 m Hofabmessungen. Kuppeldurchmesser 6,50 m (Abb. 59), Höhe der zugespitzten Kuppel 10,70 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 8,40 m (Abb. 60).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf stein-erkleidetem Sockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist rheblich beschädigt.Inschriften: Inschriftnische über dem Portal, Inschrift erlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert, wahrscheinlich Leichzeitig mit Karavanserail Dhor (Dar/Dor) erbaut. fn. 51 Siroux, a.a.O., 144 ff. Der Plan des Obergeschosses, Schnitte und die Frontansicht wurden am 13. 6. 1987 vermessen. [Hoseyndjeh Caravanserai (Plates 6.3-7.1) (Fig. 12; 58)51Location: The caravanserai (in M. Siroux: Aznidjeh) stands 36 km southeast of the Madar-e Shah caravanserai at the Dhor (Dar/Dor) pass, 30 km southeast of the station at Khundab and 18 km southeast of the village of Khundab, at an altitude of 1880 m above sea level, on the road from Isfahan to Golpayegan, on the outskirts of the village of the same name.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stables, round towers at the outer corners, and a projecting portal.Dimensions: 58.30 x 50 m external dimensions, excluding tower and portal projections, 28.50 x 23 m courtyard dimensions. Dome diameter 6.50 m (Fig. 59), height of the pointed dome 10.70 m, and height of the portal structure 8.40 m (Fig. 60).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base.Structural features and condition: The building is significantly damaged.Inscriptions: Inscription niche above the portal, inscription lost.Dating: Safavid, 17th century, probably built at the same time as the Dhor (Dar/Dor) caravanserai. fn. 51 Siroux, op. cit., 144 ff. The plan of the upper floor, sections, and the front elevation were surveyed on June 13, 1987.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 36 Heydarabad Castle, Kashkouieh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.560122 long 55.619451 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ghale heydar abad keshkoeieh قلعه حیدر آباد کشکوئیه VARIANT names: Heydarabad Castle, Kashkouieh , Karavanserail und Kastell Heydarabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail und Kastell Heydarabad « Karavanserail und Kastell Heydarabad (Haidarabad) (Abb. 4; 129) (52)Lage: 35 km südöstlich von Bayaz und 40 km nord-westlich von Rafsandjan, in + 1420 m ü. N. N., an der alten Route von Yazd nach Kerman. Die moderne Straße nimmt einen Verlauf 6 km westlich des alten Karawanenweges. Die Länge der geraden Strecke auf ebenem Gelände zwischen Heydarabad und Rafsandjan beträgt daher nur etwa 30 km.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Eingangsiwan und gegen-überliegendem, iwanartigem Stalleingang, mit vier Innenhö-fen im Eingangsflügel und drei Stallabteilungen in voller Länge und Breite des Gebäudes. Der Südtrakt ist einem Straßenbau zum Opfer gefallen. Das Kastell hat durchge-hende Stallungen im Eingangstrakt und die beiden Längs-flügel mit Kasernenräumen. Beide Gebäude werden durchfn 52 AMI 27, 1994. 327 ff. - Die Anlage wurde am 3.3. 1992 vermessen. [Heydarabad Caravanserai and Fort (Haidarabad) (Fig. 4; 129) (52)Location: 35 km southeast of Bayaz and 40 km northwest of Rafsanjan, at an elevation of 1420 m above sea level, on the old Yazd-Kerman route. The modern road runs 6 km west of the old caravan route. The straight stretch of level road between Heydarabad and Rafsanjan is therefore only about 30 km.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with an entrance iwan and an opposite, iwan-like stable entrance, with four inner courtyards in the entrance wing and three stable sections spanning the full length and width of the building. The south wing was lost to road construction. The fort has continuous stables in the entrance wing and barracks in both longitudinal wings. Both buildings are described byfn 52 AMI 27, 1994. 327 ff. - The facility was surveyed on March 3, 1992.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 79 Hindu Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.289462 long 57.07799 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye npandveya کاروانسرای هندوها VARIANT names: Hindu Caravanserai , Horjand caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207243 , Horjand caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207243 EAMENA-0207243 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Hormud-e Mir Khund : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Harmood , Hormoz , Hormud , Hormud-e Mehr Khu'i , Hormud-e Mehr Khuyeh , Hormud-e Mir Khu , Hormud-e Mir Khund , Hormud-e Mir Khuneh , Hormuz , حرمود میر خو , هرمود مهر خوئی , VARIANT names: Choeremoet , Churmoot , Cormoot , Cromu , Germoet , Germouth , Goermoet , Gormoedt , Gormoet , Gormouth (Khormout) , Hhormont , Hormout (Hurmut) , Hormouz- Sefit-Boun , Hormud , Hormud-e Mir Khund , Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi , Hormuus , Hormux , Hormuz , Horum , Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi , Khurma , Kormout , Kormur , Whormoot , Whorwoote , ※ SOURCE for Choeremoet « Den 23. dito trokken wy voorby twee eenzame Manſels, ieder 2 Karrawanſera's en water-tangen hebbende, d'eene Bahadini, en d'andere Sjek Sjek genaamd; reden over klippig gebergte, en zyn by een vermakelyk geboomte en dorp gekomen. Hier zyn 2 Karwanſera's, dog klein, en eenige tankken; dog flegt water. Deze Mantel werd Choeremoet genaamd. [On the 23rd day we passed by two lonely Manſels, each having 2 Karrawanſeras and water-tongs, one called Bahadini, and the other Shek Shek; drove over cliffy mountains, and came to a pleasant tree and village. Here are 2 Karwanſeras, both small, and some tanks; dog throws water. This Cloak was called Choeremoet.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Churmoot « 14 The 14th daye being Sundaye we came to Churmoot [Hormuz), (3) a litl fine towne lying in a groue of date trees. Here we picht in a caravansero lying wthin a bowshott from the towne,haueing traveled 6 lges. of stonie waye. This daye we came over a high craggi hill. Here is good tanck water. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 83 ※ SOURCE for Cormoot « Thus far we came directly in a Line; now we wander to and again in the Meanders of the Barren Hills, with indefatigable Industry, till we descend into a large Plain, at the End whereof Sham Zangee (1) an Abassin, had built an old Caravan, Twenty Miles from Cormoot; where we met a Caphala of light Asses going for the Port; and here we were obliged to change more of our Camels, they being quite tired. fn. 1 Shamsangl. "I lodg’d at a little Inn call’d Shamzenghi. It is low, built like a Cross, with four doors to receive the cool winds every way” (Tavernier, 254). For the route, see Wilson, op. cit. 158. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 pp 189-90 « March the 2d. At 4 afternoon sett out for Cormoot, 7 farsangs; the 1st farsang a little stoney, 4 ore good way till come to a Radeler house at the foot of a mountain which we must pass, being one farsang bad way; the last farsang good way. Cormoot is a large village with abundance of Date trees; may have your horse shod and anything else fitt for Travellers. Note: Diary of 2 March 1707/8. Cormoot. Hormuz. Le Bruyn (II, 70 and 134) calls it Gormoet and Germoet, and he has an illustration of the inn. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Germoet « quamen ongeveer naer ses grote mijlen rijdens 'savonts tusschen 10 à 11 uuren met 'tondergaan der mane in de carewansera aan 't dorp Germoet (1) te rusten.fn. 1 Hormuz (Simla kaart). De karavaanweg van Bender-Congo (Kung)naar Lar vereenigt zich hier met dien van Bender-Abbas. Thans wordtLingah (nabij Kung gelegen) door dezen weg bediend. De afleiding lagergegeven van Gorma (khurma dadel) komt ook voor bij Fryer, Char-din, Thévenot (Hormont), De Bruyn en Tomaschek, en heeft wel haaroorsprong in de aanwezigheid van een aantal dadelpalmen. [After about six miles of riding, we came to rest in the carewansera at the village of Germoet (1) between 10 and 11 o'clock in the evening when the moon was going down.fn. 1 Hormuz (Simla card). The caravan road from Bender-Congo (Kung) to Lar joins here with that from Bender-Abbas. Currently Lingah (located near Kung) is served by this road. The lower derivation of Gorma (khurma date) also occurs in Fryer, Chardin, Thévenot (Hormont), De Bruyn and Tomaschek, and does have its origin in the presence of a number of date palms.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 42 ※ SOURCE for Germouth «095 (km) Germouth (Chardin) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 [see source « Gormouth (Khormout) » belowof alternate Chardin spelling. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Goermoet « Den 12. dito vertrek zyn Ed: weder op 't vorige uur desnachts, trok voorby Tangadoelon, quam ontrent half negen in Goermoet, [On the 12th his Ed left: again at the previous hour at night, passed Tangadoelon, arrived at Goermoet about half past eight,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 6. dito na 4 mylen ruim rydens, in 't dorp Goermoet, en na nog een myl, 's middags in de Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat. [On the 6th, after 4 miles, in the village of Goermoet, and after another mile, in the afternoon in the Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Gormoedt « 19 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385 « 10 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 360 ※ SOURCE for Gormoet « Nous paſſames enfuite des montagnes et des rochers, et arrivámes à une heure du matin au Caravanʃerai de Gormoet; après une traite de 5. lieuës. [We passed mountains and rocks, and arrived at one o'clock in the morning at the Caravan'erai of Gormoet; after a milking of 5 leagues.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318 ※ SOURCE for Gormouth (Khormout) « La traite aboutit à un grand village, qu'on nomme Gormouth (Khormout), si grand qu'il occupe bien une demi-lieue de terrain avec ses jardins, quiconsistent en unamas de dattiers; et c'est la raison de sa dénomination, qui vient de gormah (Khormá), qui signifie datte (*). fn. (*) Nakhl. Ce mot arabe signifie palmier, dattier, Phoenix dac- tylifera, Linn. Voyez les détails les plus circonstanciés sur la culture du dattier, et la récolte et l'usage de ses fruits, dans les Amænita- fes exotica, pag. 661-754; et dans un fragment très-curieux de la Cosmographie d'Ebn al-odardy, pag. 41-73, des Dissertationes ad saeras litteras et philologiam orient, spectantes, d'Aurivillius, un vol. fn-8. (L.) [The path leads to a large village, called Gormouth (Khormout), so large that it occupies half a league of land with its gardens, which consist of a pile of date palms; and this is the reason for its name, which comes from gormah (Khormá), which means date (*). fn. (*) Nakhl. This Arabic word means palm, date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, Linn. See the most detailed details on the cultivation of the date palm, and the harvest and use of its fruits, in the Amænitafes exotica, pag. 661-754; and in a very curious fragment of the Cosmography of Ebn al-odardy, pag. 41-73, from Dissertationes ad saeras litteras et philologiam orient, spectantes, by Aurivillius, a vol. fn-8. (L.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p.488 ※ SOURCE for Hhormont «095 (km) Hhormont (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Hormout (Hurmut) « Hormout (Hurmut) for each carga four qäzbekis for gūshi, but with a small present one may have to pay only a quarter or at a maximum half of this amount. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321 ※ SOURCE for Hormouz- Sefit-Boun « Nous arrivons à deux heures à Hormouz- Sefit-Boun (1), village environné de murs flan- qués de tours. Nous obtinmes un logement; mais on ne voulut rien nous fournir. Ce vil- lage, autrefois considérable, n'est aujourd'hui composé que de dix familles qui sont venues s'y établir depuis quatorze mois seulement. [We arrive at two o'clock at Hormouz-Sefit-Boun (1), a village surrounded by walls flanked by towers. We obtained lodging; but they would not provide us with anything. This village, formerly considerable, is today composed of only ten families who have come to settle there for only fourteen months.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 429 ※ SOURCE for Hormud « A little farther on from that point, Hormud appeared; this is where we had planned on stopping for the day. Shortly before entering the city, we were greeted by its governor and five or six other Persians who accompanied the Ambassador to a [margin: small] tent that his servants had pitched in a palm orchard next to the town. This place was more beautiful than any other we had seen thus far: the ground was covered with thick, green grass, and it was nestled among a great number of palms that were laden with the most beautiful dates imaginable. ... The Ambassador [fol. 221r] was also regaled with wine and fruit, including great bunches of dates that were as big and tasty as the ones from Fārs. The dates from Jahrom and from this small town of Hormu are generally praised and prized more than any others. Just as the Ambassador was about to dine, there arrived a dervish or hermit that lived by himself in a nearby hermitage, and who was considered by all the Persians to be a holy man. »#2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 328 ※ SOURCE for Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi « The caravan then arrived at another caravanserai that was near a village of seventy shacks that had been badly constructed out of mud walls, but its location was pleasant and beautiful, surrounded by many palm and other kinds of trees that were green and leafy, notwithstanding it was so late in the fall. This village is called Hormūd (26) because of the great abundance of its dates. fn. 26 Hormūd-e Mirkhoyi; Silva y Figueroa may be correct in his translation of the Persian word for date palm. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 300 ※ SOURCE for Hormux « Hormux » in {map#1243 in #3222 Frederic Goldsmid, Lieutenant H. B. Vaughan's Recent Journey in Eastern Persia, Proceedings of the royal geographical society, London, Vol. 12:No. 10:pp. 577-595 ~ fig. Lieut. Vaughan's Route Journey through Central Persia} ※ SOURCE for Hormuz «095 (km) Hormuz (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « Of Hormuz itself we are told the ruins around it must once have been a much larger place. The hills on its north side contain sulphur and large quantities iron. "Ibex wild sheep, partridges, and sand-grouse abound." Owing to the reports of conflict between the Arabs and Persians Darab, and the consequent insecurity for travellers, the first three days of the new year were spent at Hormuz. » #3222 Frederic Goldsmid, Lieutenant H. B. Vaughan's Recent Journey in Eastern Persia, Proceedings of the royal geographical society, London, Vol. 12:No. 10:pp. 577-595 ~ p. 580 « Persian text omitted. [12 They move from Agha Jamal to Hormuz, the distance is two miles. There are mountains on both sides and the road is flat. Hormoz village is located at the foot of the mountain. The river Shur flows through this mountain and village, and Hormoz has many houses and palm trees. two They have a caravanserai and ten ponds. Most of the people living there are riflemen, all of them have Martin. There are many mines in Mount Hormuz, there is also a spring of fresh water in the slope of Mount Gharib near the village. There is also a castle in the middle of the grove.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 581 « At 12 miles halt at Hormuz. ... A small village surrounded by a ruined wall, and about 50 yards square. A few huts outside, a dilapidated caravanserai, and a few ruinous bourkahs about.The village musters 20 fighting men. There is a tower in the centre of the accompanying description. On the approach of danger about ten men retire to it and command the village and approaches by their fire. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 10 ※ SOURCE for Horum «095 (km) |Horum (De Silva Figueroa) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « About two days Journey from Guin lies the little City Horum, so call'd from its Beauty and great plenty of Dates; as also anotherof the same denomination, between Cabrestan and Lara. Between Guin and Horum you meet with a barren and uninhabited Desart, of three days Journey, not having in all that way above two Pits of Water. » #3302 Ogilby, John, Asia. The first part being an accurate description of Persia, and the several provinces thereof : ..., Printed by the author at his house in White-friers, London, 1673 ~ p. 7 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi « Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Abb. 5) (183)Lage: 14 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Ceki, 7 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Hadji Agha Djamal, in + 490 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Das Karavanserail wird als Gendarmeriestation ge-nutzt; es entspricht dem Typ der größeren Pavillon-Kara-vanserails. Daneben steht die stark verfallene Ruine eines weiteren Bauwerkes dieses Typus sowie vier Zisternen. fn 183 Der Ort wurde am 4. 12. 1984 besucht.- H. Gaube, a.a.O., 44- [aravanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Fig. 5) (183) Location: 14 km southeast of Caravanserail Ceki, 7 km northwest of Caravanserail Hadji Agha Djamal, at an elevation of 490 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas.The caravanserail is used as a gendarmerie station; it corresponds to the type of larger pavilion caravanserails. fn 183 The site was visited on December 4, 1984. - H. Gaube, op. cit., 44-] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 144 ※ SOURCE for Khurma « (30) Khurma-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 ※ SOURCE for Kormout « Je marchai trois heures dans une plaine fertile, puis entre d'affreux rochers, et sur les dix heures du soir j'arrivai à Kormout, grand village rempli de palmiers. [I walked for three hours in a fertile plain, then between horrible rocks, and around ten o'clock in the evening I arrived at Kormout, a large village filled with palm trees.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 322 « Nous traversâmes ensuite une basse montagne, et nous descendîmes encore dans une plaine où est le village de Khormout; notre menzil, à douze heures de Tengonou. [We then crossed a low mountain, and we descended again into a plain where the village of Khormout is; our menzil, twelve hours from Tengonou.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 531 ※ SOURCE for Kormur « Durch Kormur, Koferstan, Göſchiran und andere Orth über mannigfaltigeGe bürg und sehr gesalkene Wasserlein fas men wir vor ungeheuer hohe Berge die kein Thal durchschnitte/soweit unsere Aus gen seben kunten. [Through Kormur, Koferstan, Göſchiran and other places over various mountains and very salty little streams we came across immensely high mountains which, as far as our eyes could see, were not crossed by any valley.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 269 ※ SOURCE for Whormoot « Our next daies travell was to Whormoot, eleven farfangs (thirty three miles) where we found a black paviliion; in it three old Arabians; who, out of their Alcoran ingeminated a dolefull requiem to their Brothers carcaffe, over which they fat; their lookes were clouded with pathetick fadneffe, their cheekes bedewed with briny teares, intending (afeer the Jewish mode, septem ad luctus) to folemnife his farewell feven daies, finging, fighing, weeping. ... Nigh Whormoot are Duzgun, LazianDe, and other Townes, where is got the beſt AffaFatida through all the Orient:the tree is like our brier in height, the leaves reſemble Fig leaves, the root the Radith: the vertue had need be much, it ftincks ſo odiously. But, though the favour bee fo bale, the fapor is fo excellent, that no meat, no fauce, no veffell pleaſes the Guzurats pallat, fave what reliſhes of it. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 125 ※ SOURCE for Whorwoote «095 (km) Whorwoote (Herbert) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 Hormuz sarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Hormuz sarai , ※ SOURCE for Hormuz sarai « At three furlongs the road passes a caravanserai containing 20 lower rooms, and, close by, another, which is smaller and more ancient. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 28 Hosniyeh sarai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.27477 long 56.979445 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) NIMA/GNS names: Hoseyniyeh , Hosniyeh , Husainabad , Shahrak-e Hoseyniyeh , شهرک حسینیه , VARIANT names: Hasunia sarai ? , Hosniyeh sarai ? , ※ SOURCE for Hasunia sarai ? « HASUNIA-Lat.Long.Elev.A sarai in Karman, between Karman and Baghin, on the road to Shiraz.(Lovett.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 155 Hossein Abad Caravanserai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.278197 long 50.512173 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: questionable karvansaraye hasin abad کاروانسرای حسین آباد VARIANT names: Hossein Abad Caravanserai (?) , Howz-e Khaki bei Helali : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.422224 long 58.479239 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Howz-e Khaki bei Helali , ※ SOURCE for Howz-e Khaki bei Helali « Howz-e Khaki bei Helali (Abb. 5) (83)Lage: 25 km westlich von Gonabad und 20 km östlich von Badjestan.Karawanenstation, nicht vermessen.fn 83 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, Blatt II-30-C. [Howz-e Khaki near Helali (Fig. 5) (83)Location: 25 km west of Gonabad and 20 km east of Badjestan.Caravan station, not surveyed.fn 83 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, Sheet II-30-C.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 54 Howz-e Tabarkuh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.745931 long 55.044524 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Howz-e Tabarkuh , ※ SOURCE for Howz-e Tabarkuh « Howz-e Tabarkuh (Hauz-e Tabarkuh) (Taf. 15,2) (Abb. 4; 115)Lage: 20 km östlich Cah Khavar, 22 km westlich Khan-e Pandj, in +1110 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Yazd nach Bafq und Kerman.Typ: Kleines Stationsgebäude aus zwei Räumen und einem Mitteliwan, daneben eine einfache, rechteckige Zisterne (Abb. 116).Abmessungen: Die Station hat 13,40 × 5,30 m Außen-maße und eine Höhe von 3,40 m. Die Zisterne mißt außen 7×4 m, ist etwa 5 m hoch und wird durch Oberflächen-wasser gespeist. [Howz-e Tabarkuh (Hauz-e Tabarkuh) (Plate 15.2) (Figs. 4; 115)Location: 20 km east of Cah Khavar, 22 km west of Khan-e Panj, at an elevation of 1110 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Bafq and Kerman.Type: Small station building consisting of two rooms and a central iwan, with a simple, rectangular cistern next to it (Fig. 116).Dimensions: The station has external dimensions of 13.40 × 5.30 m and a height of 3.40 m. The cistern measures 7 × 4 m externally, is approximately 5 m high, and is fed by surface water.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 72 Hoze Soltan Caravanserai (ext.) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.081772 long 51.111106 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye hoz saltan کاروانسرای حوض سلطان VARIANT names: Haouz-e-Sultan , Hous-Sultan , Houze-Sultan , Hoze Soltan Caravanserai (ext.) , Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 2 , ※ SOURCE for Haouz-e-Sultan « During the survey of the caravanserais built near the lake—Ali-Abad, Sangui, Kaleh Kermes, and Haouz-e-Sultan—it became apparent to us that the latter two were aligned, thus defining a causeway that should normally have crossed the lake. Dr. Schmidt (director of the American Archaeological Mission at Persepolis) kindly made an observation during one of his aerial tours, which fully confirmed our remark. » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 139 ※ SOURCE for Hous-Sultan « Kinaragird to Hous-Sultan, 54 ?. ?., 21 ?. ... Country broken by small ridges and hills, many of which road lies over. 11 miles, ruined serai, with muddy pool of water. From this, by excellent road, cross desert to Hous-Sultan. Post-house; serai newly built; attached to latter a few houses. Before reaching Hous-Sultan, about a mile to the right, is an uninhabited fort. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55 ※ SOURCE for Houze-Sultan « Nous mîmes pied à terre à Houzé-Sultan, On n'y voit pas autre chose qu'un caravansérail en ruines, la maison de poste, et un grand puits dans une espèce de pyramide. La pyramide n'est pas mal et ne manque pas de caractère; mais l'eau ne vaut absolument rien. [We landed at Houzé-Sultan. There was nothing to see but a ruined caravanserai, the post house, and a large well in a sort of pyramid. The pyramid itself was quite attractive and had a certain character; but the water was absolutely worthless.] » #3657 Gobineau Comte de, Trois ans en Asie (de 1855 à 1858), Libraire de L. Hachette et Cie, Paris, 1859 ~ vol. 1 p. 259 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 2 « Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (Taf. 18,2 und 18,3) (Abb. 3 und 96), an der Strecke von Teheran nach QomLage: Etwa 30 km südlich des Karavanserails Kenargird (Kenargerd) und 30 km nördlich des Karavanserails Sadra-bad, an der safavidischen Straße von Teheran nach Qom und an einer Querverbindung vom Karavanserail Daihr zum Ka-ravanserail Aliabad (westlich des Salzsees von Qom), in +800 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: 1. Älterer, wohl safavidischer Bau als Hofkaravan-serail mit zwei Iwanen (Abb. 97) und fünf getrennten Stallungen. 2. Anbau, 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Hofkara vanserail mit vier Iwanen, durchgehenden Stallungen und ei nem von Nischen und Räumen umgebenen Vorhof.3. Ein Caparkhaneh in Hofform, mit schweren Rund. türmen und einer großen Zisterne außerhalb des Karavanse rails.Abmessungen: Das ältere Karavanserail hat 41 × 33 m Außenabmessungen, 14,50 × 11,50 m Hofabmessungen und ist 5,20 m hoch.Der Anbau hat eine äußere Abmessung von 129 × 58 m. Der Hof mißt 42 x 29 m und der Vorhof 53 × 20 m. Der lang-gestreckte Anbau erreicht eine maximale Höhe (ohne die Schornsteine) von 7,50 m (Abb.98 und 99).Das Caparkhaneh hat eine Außenabmessung von 30 x 25 m und die Zisterne einen Durchmesser von 16 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die hochaufra-genden Schornsteine bilden eine bauliche Besonderheit. Die Anlage weist partielle Beschädigungen auf.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Älterer Bau safavidisch - Erweiterungsbau qadjarisch, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrh. [Hauz-e Sultan Caravanserai (Howz-e Soltan) (Plates 18.2 and 18.3) (Figs. 3 and 96), on the Tehran-Qom routeLocation: Approximately 30 km south of the Kenargird Caravanserai and 30 km north of the Sadra-bad Caravanserai, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom and on a connecting road between the Daihr Caravanserai and the Aliabad Caravanserai (west of the Qom Salt Lake), at an elevation of 800 m above sea level.Type: 1. An older, likely Safavid, courtyard caravanserai with two iwans (Fig. 97) and five separate stables.2. Extension, second half of the 19th century, as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, continuous stables, and a forecourt surrounded by niches and rooms.3. A courtyard-style caravanserail with heavy round towers and a large cistern outside the caravanserail.Dimensions: The older caravanserail has external dimensions of 41 × 33 m, a courtyard of 14.50 × 11.50 m, and is 5.20 m high.The extension has external dimensions of 129 × 58 m. The courtyard measures 42 × 29 m and the forecourt 53 × 20 m. The elongated extension reaches a maximum height (excluding the chimneys) of 7.50 m (Figs. 98 and 99).The Caparkhaneh has external dimensions of 30 x 25 m, and the cistern has a diameter of 16 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The towering chimneys are a distinctive architectural feature. The structure exhibits some damage.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Older structure Safavid – extension Qajar, second half of the 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 62 Hoze'haji Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.072276 long 56.855588 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat hoz haji رباط حوض حاجی VARIANT names: Hoze'haji Caravanserai , Hussein'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.06806 long 49.479338 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: khan husayn abad کاروانسرای حسین آباد VARIANT names: Hussein'abad Caravanserai , Islam Qala Caravanserai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.677201 long 61.079458 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye eslam ghale کاروانسرای اسلام قلعه VARIANT names: Islam Qal'a , Islam Qala Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Islam Qal'a « 454. ISLAM QAL’A Or KAFIR QAL’A. See also 1165 TEPE GULAK. Original: Lat. 34º 40’ N, long. 61º 06’ E. Map 51. Revised: 34.67861037 N, 61.08049533 E / 34º 40’ 42.99733668 N, 61º 04’ 49.78319988 E to 34.67712879 N, 61.07949689 E / 34º 40’ 37.66362816 N, 61º 04’ 46.18880940 E. Herat Province. The Afghan border post on the Herat- Mashhad main road, 116 km west of Herat. Date: Sasanian, 5th cent. (ceramic); early Islamic, 8th–13th cent. (ceramic); 15th cent.(inscription). Description: Square mound with a ruined fort on top and the remains of a caravanserai to the south. The fort was originally an irregular polygon, up to 112 m diameter. Only a few fragments of the towers were still standing in the late 19th cent. The caravanserai is a large, baked brick one with vaulted corridors and a cistern. The northern end is in bad condition. An inscription observed over the entrance in the 19th cent. recorded its building by Hasan Khan Shamlu in the late 15th cent. A separate inscription recorded the architects. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 176 Islam'abad Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.494168 long 52.271103 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ebasi eslam abad کاروانسرای عباسی اسلام آباد VARIANT names: Islam'abad Abbasi Caravanserai , Karavanserail Shahtur , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shahtur « Karavanserail Shahtur (Shah Nur) (Abb. 12)Lage: Shahtur, nach der islamischen Revolution 1979 in Eslamabad umgetauft, liegt 23 km östlich von Barsian in dem gleichnamigen Dorf, in +1490 m ü.N.N., am Nordufer des Zayandeh Rud, 18 km nordwestlich einer safavidisch/qadja-rischen Ziegelbrücke über den Fluß und 43 km nordwestlich der Brücken und des Karavanserails von Varzaneh.Das Karavanserail im Ort Eslamabad ist erhalten, wird als Magazin genutzt und ist nicht zugänglich; nicht vermes-sen.Es dürfte in safavidischer Zeit erbaut worden sein. [Shahtur (Shah Nur) Caravanserail (Fig. 12)Location: Shahtur, renamed Eslamabad after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, lies 23 km east of Barzian in the village of the same name, at an elevation of 1490 m above sea level, on the north bank of the Zayandeh Rud River, 18 km northwest of a Safavid/Qajar brick bridge over the river, and 43 km northwest of the bridges and caravanserail of Varzaneh.The caravanserail in Eslamabad is preserved, used as a warehouse, and is not accessible; it has not been surveyed.It is likely that it was built during the Safavid era.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 129 Izad Khast : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3067323 coordinate: lat 31.5161 long 52.1238 NIMA/GNS names: Izad Khast , Izad Khvast , Samirum , Yazd-e Khast , Yazd-e Khvast , Yezd-i-Khast , ایزد خواست , VARIANT names: Esduchos , Hiesdegas , Izad Khast , Izdehast , Jesdagaes , Jesdagaes , Jesdegas , Jurgestan , Lurgisthan Carauansera , Yazd-i-Khost , Yazdikhwast , Yes-de-gas , Yes-de-Kast , Yezdikhast , Yezd-khast , Yudacoss , ※ SOURCE for Esduchos « The Day alter we Marched Two and Thirty Miles to Esduchos (2): But before we exchanged Degurdu for this place, we accosted a Black Marble Mountain, fn 2 Herbert (148), writing Yezdicaws, is nearer the original name of this remarkable place than Fryer. It is Yezdikhast, explained by old writers to be a Pehlevi word signifying "God willed it." It has been described by many writers. "Yezdikhast is, truly enough, built on the top of a remarkable rock, and this rock does stand in the middle of a deep valley: but the latter, so far from being a valley in the ordinary acceptation of the term, is a deep gash or trench cut down to a depth of over 100 feet, without the slightest warning, in the middle of the plain, the edge being as clearly defined as Shakespeare's Cliff at Dover. One is almost on the brink of the gully before one is aware of its ex-istence. At the bottom flows a swift and dirty stream towards the east. ...I own I should never myself have detected any analogy to the hang-ing gardens of Babylon" (Curzon, ii, 66 ff.). Compare Goldsmid, 196. Illustrations will be found in Curzon (ii, 66): Goldsmid (226): Sykes, Ten Thousand Miles (330). It is the Yezdecas of Tavernier (246), who quotes a common proverb: "That to live happy, a Man nust have a wife ci Yezd, eat the bread of Yezdecas, and drink the wine of Schiras." Browne (p. 224) writes the name Yezdi Khwāst, which is doubtless correct, adding that "what is called the sar-hadd, a sum-mer road, bears to the south-west into the mountains; while the garmsir, or winter road, crosses the chasm or valley below Yezdikh-wást, and trends towards the south-east." The former was Fryer's route. See also on these routes, Goldsmid, 192. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 233 ※ SOURCE for Hiesdegas « A 15, dia de Pasqua, se hizo jornada en Hiesdegas, despues de auer andado con la carauana grandes ocho leguas, [On the 15th, Easter Day, a journey was made to Hiesdegas, after having traveled with the caravan a great eight leagues,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13 ※ SOURCE for Izad Khast « The third march from Surmek, however, brought me to a place which deserves more notice-Yezdikhast. 'Shiraz,' says an old Persian proverb, 'is famous for wine, Yezdikhast for bread, and Yezd for women.' But there is more than bread to see at Yezdikhast. Truly it is one of the most extraordinary villages of the world From ofon eg the trolladas » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 272 ※ SOURCE for Izdehast « La notte, levata la luna, si riprese al solito il viaggio: ma fatte solamente quattro leghe, il mercoledi, più di un'ora innanzi giorno, arrivammo alla villa Izdehast, che vuol dir Dio volle: dove convenne fermarsi, perchè non vi era altro luogo da ripo-sare, se non molto lontano. [At night, when the moon had risen, we resumed our journey as usual: but having gone only four leagues, on Wednesday, more than an hour before daybreak, we arrived at the villa Izdehast, which means God willed: where we had to stop, because there was no other place to rest, except very far away.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 241 ※ SOURCE for Jesdagaes « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 ※ SOURCE for Jesdagaes « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 ※ SOURCE for Jesdegas « Wy namen onze ruft op Jesdegas in ee'n fchoone groote Karrawanfera, ftaande by een brug, daar een fnelle rievier onder doorloopt, Hier heeft men een moorddadig en wederfpannig volk, woonende op zeer hooge klippen, die ftyl afloopen, daz men fchrikt, zoo men na om laag ziet [We took up our rest at Jesdegas in a beautiful, large Karrawanfera, standing by a bridge, under which a swift river flows. Here they have a murderous and unruly people, living on very high cliffs, which slope down so steeply that one is frightened when one looks down.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260 ※ SOURCE for Jurgestan « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 « That day we travailed 7 Dutch Miles and came at night to a Village formerly called Jurgestan, now Iesegas. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329 ※ SOURCE for Lurgisthan Carauansera « The 21. I travell'd 10. leagues, to a Carauansera, cal'ed Iurgisthan, very ill way, and so much the more incommodious, by reason of the wind and snow, which hindred me very much. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 2 ※ SOURCE for Yazd-i-Khost « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 ※ SOURCE for Yazdikhwast « and thence 7 to Yazdikhwāst village. Total: from Qūmishah to Yazdikhwāst 12 leagues, and from Isfahan 26 leagues. » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 176 « From this point we could clearly see before us a small conical hill, beyond which lay the hamlet of Yezdikhwást, which I was so anxious to see. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 224 ※ SOURCE for Yes-de-gas « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 ※ SOURCE for Yes-de-Kast « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 ※ SOURCE for Yezdikhast « The second day was a record-breaker; we rode seventy-seven miles in the hours between 5.10 A.M. and 10.45 p.m., when we reached Yezdikhast, one of the most curiously situated places that can be imagined. It is perched on top of a rocky height that looks, as one approaches it, like some gigantic ship that has been turned to stone in the midst of a river bed that has been dry for ages. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 277 ※ SOURCE for Yezd-khast « Je logeai à Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), château et bourg, situés dans une vallée longue de vingt lieues, sept à l'orient du château, et treize à l'occident, et large de demi-lieue, presque partout. [I stayed at Yesdecast (Yezd-hhâsi), a castle and town, located in a valley twenty leagues long, seven to the east of the castle, and thirteen to the west, and half a league wide almost everywhere.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 204 ※ SOURCE for Yudacoss « Diary of 8 February 1707/8.Yudacoss. Yazd-i-Khôst. The Izdekhast of Della Valle (Hak. Soc. ed. III, 296).For a long note on this place see Fryer, op. cit., II, 233. When Thévenot first visited "Yes-de-Kast in 1665 (pp. 120-121), he found it "very little, having but only one street," the place "built upon a narrow rock" and "in manifest danger" of "falling down topsie turvy all at once." In 1667 he found the old village forsaken and another town, the one visited by Scattergood, in process of erection "to the northward." Struys says (p. 339) that the village was formerly called "Jurgestan, now Jesegas," and Hedges remarks of "Yes-de-gas" (I, 209) that it had "a good Caravan Serai, built in a vast great ditch. Le Bruyn (II, 3) has an illustration of the village of "Jesdagaes" as it appeared from the Kårwânsarâî in October 1704. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 46-7 Izad khast Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Izad khast Caravanserai , Izadkhast Caravanserai , Jefdagaes caravanserai , Jesdechas Karawanserei , Karavanserail Izadkhast , Yazdikhast , Yeassechoze , Yesdecas , Yezdecawz , Yezdikhaust , Yezdikhwast Caravanserai , Yudacoss caravensaroy , ※ SOURCE for Izadkhast Caravanserai online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] « 1668-031 Izadkhāst Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 30 48.11 E52 7 59.54 0.49 ha 37.65 ha » The Persian Caravanserai at whc.unesco.org ※ SOURCE for Jefdagaes caravanserai « Le trentième nous arrivames au Caravanserai de Jefdagaes, village fitué dans les montagnes, et en partie fur des rochers. Les maifons en font élevées les unes au-deſſus des autres, et cela fait un effet extra-ordinaire à la vuc. [On the thirtieth we arrived at the Caravanserai of Jefdagaes, a village situated in the mountains, and partly on the rocks. The houses are built one above the other, and this makes an extraordinary effect to the eye.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254 ※ SOURCE for Jesdechas Karawanserei « 25. bis Jesdechas in 7 Stunden etwa 6 Farsach. ... Der genannte Fluß rauschte südwärts zwischen der Stadt und der Karawanserei heftig dahin, war 7 Schritt breit - man konnte hindurchgehen und mit einer kleinen Steinbrücke von 3 Gewölben (versehen). ... Er läuft, wie Canalje in der Karawanserei berichtete, nach Kereswiid 1/2 Farsadi, Melwan 1 Farsach. In dieser Kluft liegt über dem Bach eine so trefflich ausgebaute steinerne Karawanserei, daß wir ihresgleichen nicht antreffen werden. Ist vor Jahren gestiftet von einem Kaufmann Mirsa 'Abud. Hat eine Fläche, außen gemessen, von 80 Schritten und hat an der Ostseite außen 15 Gewölbe, worin man bequem die Nacht zubringen kann, falls sie inwendig besetzt sein sollte. [25th to Jezdechas in 7 hours, about 6 farsach. ... The aforementioned river rushed swiftly southwards between the town and the caravanserai, was 7 paces wide – one could walk across it and it was equipped with a small stone bridge of 3 arches. ... As Canalje reported in the caravanserai, it flows 1/2 farsadi to Kereswiid, 1 farsach to Melwan. In this ravine, above the stream, lies a stone caravanserai so excellently constructed that we will not find its equal anywhere else. It was founded years ago by a merchant named Mirsa 'Abud. It has an area, measured externally, of 80 paces and has 15 arches on the east side, in which one can comfortably spend the night, should it be occupied inside.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 90 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Izadkhast « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau, Nischenfront auf der nördlichen Seite als Schaufront und unregelmäßig gestellten Rundtürmen (Abb. 89).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 63 × 61 m, Hofabmessungen 36 x 35 m (Abb. 89), Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 12,90 m (Abb. 90). [Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, a projecting portal, a niche facade on the north side serving as a show front, and irregularly placed round towers (Fig. 89).Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 63 × 61 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 35 m (Fig. 89), height of the courtyard facades 6.50 m, height of the portal 12.90 m (Fig. 90).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 54 ※ SOURCE for Yazdikhast « There is good water in the stream, a caravansarai close to the right bank, and a chaparkhana, or post-house, on the left bank at the end of the tongue of land on which the village is situated. The latter occupies the whole of the top with the left bank by a bridge. The main street is a small tunnel-like road built over with houses. There was formerly another entrance at the far end of the rock, but the latter has broken away, leaving a drop of 70 feet. No water in the village. The road crosses the nala by a causeway, and ascends the right bank at the caravansarai. The ascent is rather steep through blocks of conglomerate surrounded by limestone.The only entrance to the village is by means of bridge of rafters thrown across the ravine at the S. W. extremity of the village. This bridge is removable and communication with the village can thereby be cut off. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ pp. 187-8 ※ SOURCE for Yeassechoze « The 14th daye at night we rested in a cara: and the 15 daye we came to Yeassechoze [Yazd-i-Khast], a poore litle towne standing vpon the side of a valley, being built like a castle. The litle valley yealdeth two cropes of corne a yeare. Here we picht in a caravansero, haueing traveled II lges. of fayre waye. Here we stayde the 16th daye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 74 ※ SOURCE for Yesdecas « Le lendemain vingt-huitième, je partis à deux heures après minuit, et après huit heures de marche dans une plaine infertile, j'arrivai à Yesde-cas, petite ville bâtie sur un rocher au milieu d'un grand vallon, et je logeai dans le carvansera qui est au pied du rocher. [The next day, the twenty-eighth, I left at two o'clock after midnight, and after eight hours of walking in a barren plain, I arrived at Yesde-cas, a small town built on a rock in the middle of a large valley, and I lodged in the carvansera which is at the foot of the rock.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 295 ※ SOURCE for Yezdecawz « next night to Yezdecawz a Towne builtin the bottome of a valley, funck downe in mid a great plaine, whereby it is fcarce to be found, did not a Caftle point it out, raild by Yezdgyrda Perfian King above the Towne, and where is a very stately Carravanf-raw, the best from thence to Bander on the Gulph of Perfia. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 148 ※ SOURCE for Yezdikhaust « OCT. 17th_Leaving Ammeenabad at sun-rise, we went southsouth- east, over a barren plain, having ranges of mountains in view on all sides, but generally lower, of a whiter hue, and of Iess broken forms than before. This character of the country continued all the way through our morning's route, in which we saw only a few ruined and deoerted khans and private dwellings, until we reached the station of Yezdikhaust, in about four hours after our setting out. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 250 ※ SOURCE for Yezdikhwast Caravanserai « On coming in sight of the brink of the chasm we therefore made a détour to the right (west) which brought us to the point where the drawbridge is placed, whence a path leads down the side of the gully to the caravan-saray, where we arrived in about a quarter of an hour. It is a very fine edifice, built, as an inscription over the gateway testifies, by "the most potent king and most generous prince, the diffuser of the faith of the pure Imáms, threshold of 'Alf the son of Abú-Tálib, Safaví, may God perpetuate his kingdom and rule!" The inscription is very beautifully executed, but unfortunately it has been greatly injured, many of the tiles having been re-inoved, and others broken. I asked the villagers why they did not take better care of a building of which they ought to feel proud. They replied that it was not their fault: thirteen or fourteen years ago a "Firangi" came by, and, wishing to possess some of the tiles, offered one of the men at the posthouse two or three túmáns if he would remove some of them. The temptation was too strong for the latter, and accordingly he went the same night with a hammer and chisel to carry out the traveller's wishes. Of course he broke at least as many tiles as he removed, and a noble monument of the past was irreparably injured to gratify a traveller's passing whim.15 » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 225-6 ※ SOURCE for Yudacoss caravensaroy « 8 [February]. At 6 in the morning sett out for Yudacoss; very cold, a great dele of snow and ice in the way; good way, a little stoncy. Arrived here at 12 at noon with a Coffala. This is a large town in a bottom. Here is good caravensaroy: may havo all things, but especially good bread, for which this place is famious. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38 Izadkhast chaparkhaneh : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.514851 long 52.131268 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: chaparkhaneh چاپارخانه VARIANT names: Izadkhast chaparkhaneh , ※ SOURCE for Izadkhast chaparkhaneh « At the base of the cliffs are a number of caves hewn in the rocks, which are used as sheep-folds and stables. The chapar-khaneh is in the bottom of the ravine on the near side of the stream below the town. On the far side is a caravanserai, origin-ally of the Sefavi age, but restored in the early years of the present century by a governor of Fars. » #1116 Curzon, George N., Persia and the Persian Question, Cass: Longmans Green and Co, 1966: 1892, ~ vol. 2 p. 68 Ja`farabad caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.787909 long 50.577739 Supplement: I cannot locate any Ja`farabad caravanserai and there are two villages in the NIMA/GNS data, Ja`farabad and Ja'far Abad, 10.5 kms apart. This location is being used to separate out the caravanserai from the village and will require modification when further information comes to light. VARIANT names: Ja`farabad caravanserai , Jafara caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Jafara caravanserai « Nousen partîmes le ſeptiéme à quatre heures du matin, et aprés neuf heures de courſe par des chemins comme les pre eedens, on arrive à un lieu où il y a huit grands Caravanſerails-qui tombent en ruine. Celuy où nous logeîmes ſe nomme Jafara. [We left on the seventh at four o'clock in the morning, and after nine hours of running along roads like the meadows, we arrived at a place where there are eight large caravanserais—which are falling into ruin. The one where we stayed is called Jafara.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 65 Jadida : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) Jamal Abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.271937 long 47.843045 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi jomal abad کاروانسرای شاه عباسی جمال آباد VARIANT names: Jamal Abad Caravanserai , Jamalaba caravanserai , Jamalabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Djamalabad , Tchamalava caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Jamal Abad Caravanserai «1668-009 Jamāl Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N37 16 18.89 E47 50 35.16 0.37 ha 13.83 ha» online reference link [accessed 16 Dec 2025] ※ SOURCE for Jamalaba caravanserai « Au delà de ce pont à quelque diſtance on trouve un Caravanſerail, et deux heures aprés de chemin un au-tre fort beau où nous logeâmes, qu'on appelle Jamalaba. Il n'y habitoit perſonne, et il ne paroît aucunes habitations proche. [Beyond this bridge, at some distance, there is a caravanserai, and two hours further on, another very fine one where we stayed, called Jamalaba. No one lived there, and there appear to be no dwellings nearby.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Jamalabad caravanserai « JAMALABAD (3)-LAT. 37° 16' 16". LONG. 47° 57' 20. ELEV. 3,916'.Longitude is mean of those of Lemon, St. John, and Schindler.A village in Khamseh between Zinjän and Mianch at the foot of the Qaflan Küh pass. There is a once fine, but now ruined, caravanserai here. The telegraph office which used to be here has been removed to Mianeh, The village is 55 miles from Zinjan on the road thence to Tabriz.-(Schindler.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 259 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Djamalabad « Lage: 94km südöstlich von Tabriz, an der alten Straße nach Zandjan und Qazvin, in + 1330 m ü. N.N., 21 km nord-westlich des Karavanserails Sarcam im Bezirk (Ostan) Zan-djan.Typ: Nach der Grundrißvermessung von M. Siroux ein Hofkaravanserail (Taf. 4,4) mit vier Iwanen, oktogonalen Ecktürmen und hervorgehobenem Portalbau (Taf. 5,1.2).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 59,70 x 48,10 m ohne Tür-me, Hofmaße 25.45 x 22,80 m. Weite der Stallungen 4,20 bis 4.65 m, Höhe der Portalrahmung 9,90 m (Abb.68). [Location: 94 km southeast of Tabriz, on the old road to Zanjan and Qazvin, at an elevation of 1330 m above sea level, 21 km northwest of the Sarcam Caravanserai in the Zanjan District.Type: According to the ground plan survey by M. Siroux, a courtyard caravanserai (Plate 4.4) with four iwans, octagonal corner towers, and a prominent gatehouse (Plates 5.1.2).Dimensions: External dimensions 59.70 x 48.10 m excluding towers, courtyard dimensions 25.45 x 22.80 m. Width of the stables 4.20 to 4.65 m, height of the gatehouse 9.90 m (Fig. 68).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 47 ※ SOURCE for Tchamalava caravanserai « De la riviere qui paſſe au pied de la montagne de Kaplen-ton on vient à un beau Carvanſera appellé Tchamalava bâti depuis peu d'années, [From the river that flows at the foot of Kaplen-ton mountain, one comes to a beautiful Carvanſera called Tchamalava, built in recent years.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 65 Jangoi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: see also Karavanserail Djungwin VARIANT names: Birkeh Jangui , caravanserai Guni Godsji Mahmed , Jangoi Caravanserai , Janguif , Jungui , Jungui , Karavanserail Djungwin , Madi , ※ SOURCE for Birkeh Jangui « BIRKEH JANGUI-LAT. LONG. ELEV.A hamlet in the Bastak district of Läristän, about 35 miles from Bandar 'Abbās, and mile south of the road from that palce to Lär. It consists of only 6 huts, but the inhabitants own about 100 sheep and goats, and 15 cattle and donkeys. There is good grazing in the vicinity.Half a mile north of the village, on the edge of the road, is a caravanserai, with water from a well and 2 good cisterns.-(Butcher, 1888-Shakespear, 1905.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 165 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai Guni Godsji Mahmed «Durch eine gleichförmige Wüste 2½ Meilen nach Madi und der Karawanserei Guni Godsji Mahmed (Gun-e Chadjä Mohammad) durch Bârik, dann 1 Farsach zum Flusse Kur OSO. [Through a uniform desert 2½ miles to Madi and the caravanserai Guni Godsji Mahmed (Gun-e Chadjä Mohammad) through Bârik, then 1 farsach to the Kur river ESE.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 124 ※ SOURCE for Jangoi Caravanserai Jangoi Caravanserai in google maps« کاروانسرای جنگوی » « از گچین بالا حرکت کرده به جنگوئی روند مسافت دو فرسخ است. به جنگوئی نرسیده لاتیدان است. چند کاروانسرا و دو بر که دارد گاهی قافله در لاتیدان توقف مینماید بین لاتیدان و جنگوئی رودخانه ای هست. آب آن شور است و به رودخانه كل موسوم است. در جنگوئی يك كاروانسرا و دو برکه و چند خانه وجود دارد. آنجا برای شش روز باید آذوقه با خود بردارند از گچین تا به جنگوئی راه صاف است. [From Gachin, the distance to Jangoi is two miles. It is Latidan who has not reached Jangoi. There are several caravanserais and two bars, sometimes the caravan stops in Latidan. There is a river between Latidan and Jangoi. Its water is salty and it is known as Kol River. In Jangoi, there is a caravanserai, two ponds and several houses. There, they should take food with them for six days. From Gachin to Jangoi, the road is smooth.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ fifth section p. 579 « From river, track proceeds over hard, scrub dotted plain to Jangüif cisterns. These are two in number, water in each being sweet. Also a caravansarai in fair repair.To S. at a distance of 300 yards to 400 yards is a date grove and behind this another cistern with sweet water. Depth of water in each cistern 2 feet. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187 ※ SOURCE for Janguif « « At 3 miles the date groves and two cisterns (dry in March 1907) of Baraimi are passed. At 4½ miles the ruined caravanserai and two cisterns of Janguif are passed (dry in March 1907). At » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 29 » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 164 « At 4¼ miles the ruined caravanserai and two cisterns of Janguif are passed (dry in March 1907). » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 29 ※ SOURCE for Jungui « At 12 miles 1 furlong we pass a caravanserai and two cisterns known as "Jûng?i (?)", and one and a half miles further on the two cisterns and village of Beraemi, close to the south side of the road. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 34 ※ SOURCE for Jungui « The road now crosses a level, and even tract covered with very short grass, -apparently an ancient river basin. At 10 miles 7 furlongs a dry nullah, 10 feet deep, is crossed; flow to south; banks of friable clay, 4 or 5 feet high, and perpendicular in places; breadth of bed, which consists of fine sand, 20 to 30' feet. At 12 miles 1 furlong we pass a caravanserai and two cisterns known as "Jungui (?)", » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p.33 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Djungwin « Karavanserail Djungwin (Taf. 26,1) (Abb. 7; 2)Lage: 6 km westlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Kul, 11 km östlich des Karavanserails Qal'eh Pahlu, in + 7o mü. N. N., an der Route Bandar-e Abbas-Lar[Caravanserail Djungwin (Plate 26,1) (Fig. 7; 2) Location: 6 km west of the caravanserail Pol-e Kul, 11 km east of the caravanserail Qal'eh Pahlu, at + 7o above sea level. N. N., on the Bandar-e Abbas-Lar route ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 121 ※ SOURCE for Madi «Durch eine gleichförmige Wüste 2½ Meilen nach Madi und der Karawanserei Guni Godsji Mahmed (Gun-e Chadjä Mohammad) durch Bârik, dann 1 Farsach zum Flusse Kur OSO. [Through a uniform desert 2½ miles to Madi and the caravanserai Guni Godsji Mahmed (Gun-e Chadjä Mohammad) through Bârik, then 1 farsach to the Kur river ESE.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 124 Jar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.291479 long 57.079351 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye jar کاروانسرای جر VARIANT names: Jar Caravanserai , Jellali caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.968774 long 44.873417 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Jalali (car:) , Jellali caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Jalali (car:) « Jalali (car:) » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917} ※ SOURCE for Jellali caravanserai « Road passes the high-walled caravanserai, 100 yds. square, of the village of Jellali; there are gardens and date-palms. Emerging from the village the road crosses a canal 30 ft. broad, running swiftly SE.; the bridge consists of one 12-ft. arch of stone, strong, and in good repair. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 186 Jezzeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Jazeh , Jezzeh , جزه , VARIANT names: Gheze , Gizi , Gizze , Guiezze , Jezzeh , ※ SOURCE for Gheze « Dopo 15.altre miglia paſſammo un' altro Karvanſerà, detto di Ghezè. [After another 15 miles we passed another Karvanſerà, called Ghezè.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Gizi « At 5 miles Gizi on the E. bank of the river. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 179 ※ SOURCE for Gizze « Gizze » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « Recrossing to the opposite bank I found at Gizze village the beautiful domed tomb of a saint known as 'Pir Boke', dating from Timurid times as shown by fine marble tombstones of 790 A.H. (A.D. 1388) and 807 A.H. (A.D. 1404). » #3162 Aurel Stein, An Archaeological Tour in the Ancient Persis, British Institute for the Study of Iraq, 1935 ~ p. 135 ※ SOURCE for Guiezze « Plus en avant est le caravansérail de Guiezzè, nommé ainsi du village devant lequel il est bâti. Auprès est un puits fort profond. [Further forward is the caravanserai of Guiezzè, named after the village in front of which it is built. Nearby is a very deep well.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 458 Jilanabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.665504 long 51.895188 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Jilanabad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Golunabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Golunabad « Karavanserail Golunabad, östlich Esfahan (Taf. 27,3) (Abb. 12; 233) (126)Lage: 20 km östlich von Esfahan als erste Karawanensta-tion außerhalb der Stadt, in +1600 m ü.N.N., an der Karawa-nenroute Esfahan Na'in - Anarak - Djandaq - Torud - Shah-rud - Khorassan und ebenfalls an der Route Esfahan - Na'in Anarak - Robat-e Posht Badam - Tabas - Mashhad.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und dreiseitig umlaufender Stallung. Keine Türme und kein vorspringender Portalbau.Abmessungen: 61 x 58,50 m Außenmaße, 38,50 x 35,20 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portalbaus 7,50 m (Abb. 234).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel, Portal mit gebrannten Zie-geln verkleidet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfal-len.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 126 Golunabad wurde am 8. 3. 1980 im Grundriß und am 18. 3. 1990 in den Schnitten vermessen. [Golunabad Caravanserai, east of Esfahan (Plate 27.3) (Figs. 12; 233) (126)Location: 20 km east of Esfahan, the first caravan stop outside the city, at an elevation of 1600 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Na'in-Anarak-Djandaq-Torud-Shahrud-Khorassan caravan route and also on the Esfahan-Na'in-Anarak-Robat-e Posht Badam-Tabas-Mashhad route.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and a stable wing on three sides. No towers or projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 61 x 58.50 m external dimensions, 38.50 x 35.20 m courtyard dimensions. Gatehouse height: 7.50 m (Fig. 234).Building material: mud bricks, portal clad with fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated. Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 126 Golunabad was surveyed in plan on March 8, 1980, and in sections on March 18, 1990.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 118 Jilanabad Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.665347 long 51.891179 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi jilan abad کاروانسرای شاه عباسی جیلان آباد VARIANT names: Jilanabad Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Jokhah Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.7192542756233 long 56.804342339194 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chahrdeh caravanserai , Jokhah Caravanserai , Karavanserail Cahar Deh , Surae , ※ SOURCE for Chahrdeh caravanserai « In the open square, outside a magnificent caravanserai built twenty-five years ago by Haji Mollah Taghi of Yezd, we set up our tents. The roof of this quadrangular hostelry affords ample room for walking beside the brick-covered cupolas, and from here a picturesque and instructive view presents itself. The western hills form only a dark outline beneath the sun, and after it has set an intense yellow glow shines above the dark crests. » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 2 p. 29 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cahar Deh « Karavanserail Cahar Deh (Djowkhah) (Taf. 31,1) (105)(Abb. 5 und 97)105Lage: 20 km nordwestlich von Tabas, 31 km östlich von Robat-e Gur (Kur) und 29 km südlich von Robat-e Dahaneh, an den Straßen von Tabas nach Neyshabur und nach Yazd, in +633 m ü. N.N. Am Platz befinden sich das Karavanserail, eine Grabkuppel, eine Zisterne und ein großes Qal'eh (Festung),Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vorgesetztem Vorhof.Abmessungen: 62 x 54m Außenmaße des ursprüng-lichen Karavanserails, 38 x 31 m dessen Hofabmessungen. 57 x 39 m Außenmaße der Vorhofumbauung und 47 × 33 m deren Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße können nicht angege-ben werden (Abb. 98).fn 105 Das Karavanserail Cahar Deh war vor dem Erdbeben von 1978 Gendarmeriestation und daher nicht betretbar. Eine Aufnahme war deshalb nicht möglich. Der heutige Zustand ist unbekannt. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 238. [Caravanserail Cahar Deh (Djowkhah) (Plate 31.1) (105)(Figs. 5 and 97) 105Location: 20 km northwest of Tabas, 31 km east of Robat-e Gur (Kur), and 29 km south of Robat-e Dahaneh, on the roads from Tabas to Neyshabur and to Yazd, at an elevation of 633 m above sea level. The site contains the caravanserail, a funerary dome, a cistern, and a large qal'eh (fort).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with an attached forecourt.Dimensions: 62 x 54 m external dimensions of the original caravanserail; 38 x 31 m its courtyard dimensions. The outer dimensions of the courtyard enclosure are 57 x 39 m, and the courtyard dimensions are 47 x 33 m. Height measurements cannot be determined (Fig. 98).fn 105 The Cahar Deh caravanserai was a gendarmerie station before the 1978 earthquake and therefore inaccessible. A photograph was thus not possible. Its current condition is unknown. W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 238.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 70 ※ SOURCE for Surae « Chardih is composed of four small villages, and well supplied with water, grain, and forage ; there is a Surae a little out of repair. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420 K. Bahi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 27.650677 long 54.243766 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Bahi , ※ SOURCE for K. Bahi « Karavanserail Bahi (Abb. 5; 245)Lage: 10 km westlich von Lar (Zentrum), in + 890 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir über Khondj nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vorderem und rückwärti- gem Flügel, in letzterem der Stall. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung 16,50 × 10,50 m, Hofabmessungen 9,30 × 8,60 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,40 m. Nordwestlich des Karavanserails eine nur noch im Grundriß erkennbare Ruine von mindestens 15 m Länge und 10,40 m Breite. [Karavanserail Bahi (Fig. 5; 245)Location: 10 km west of Lar (center), at + 890 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir via Khondj to Lar.Type: Court caravanserail with front and rear wings, in the latter the stable. Dimensions: external dimensions without portal projection 16.50 × 10.50 m, courtyard dimensions 9.30 × 8.60 m, building height 3.40 m. To the northwest of the caravanserail there is a ruin that is only visible in the floor plan and is at least 15 m long and 10.40 m Width.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p.133 « Passieren des kleinen Ortes Ba'en nach 10 km das kleine ??ravanserail Bahi (Abb. 10; Taf. 33,2). Das aus Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Fischgrättechnik errichtete Gebäude besteht aus zwei Kammern zu beiden Seiten des Einganges und einem von diesen durch einen kleinen Hof getrennten Stall. Das bis auf die Dächer komplett erhal- tene Bauwerk mit den Maßen 16,2 x 12,2 m liegt direkt an der alten Karavansenstraße etwa 20 m abseits der modernen Straße und ist von zwei alten, teilweise zerstörten Zisternen umgeben. [After passing the small town of Ba'en, after 10 km you will come to the small caravanserai Bahi (Fig. 10; Plate 33.2). The building, constructed from herringbone quarry stone masonry, consists of two chambers on either side of the entrance and a stable separated from these by a small courtyard. The building, which is completely preserved except for the roofs, measures 16.2 x 12.2 m and is located directly on the old caravanserai road, about 20 m from the modern road, and is surrounded by two old, partially destroyed cisterns.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 297 K. Beriz II : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.954723 long 54.333139 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Behry caravanserai , K. Beriz II , ※ SOURCE for Behry caravanserai « Le caravanserai de Behry a été bâti, il y a cin- quante ans, par la mère d'un gouverneur de Laar, nominé Ahvez bec ou Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), et consacré à son nom. C'est un des plus beaux et des plus spacieux de la Perse, tout de pierre vive, de soixante-douze pas de face, sur soixante-deux pieds de hauteur, couvert d'une terrasse fort unic, munie de rebords de deux pieds de haut. Le de- dans est divisé en vingt-huit logemens séparés, de chaque côté; celui du milieu le double plus grand que ceux des côtés, et derrière sont des écu- ries larges de dix-sept pieds, entre de hauts por- tiques pour le logement des palefreniers. [The Behry caravanserai was built fifty years ago by the mother of a governor of Laar, named Ahvez bec or Havez bec (Ahvaz-beyg), and dedicated in her name. It is one of the most beautiful and spacious in Persia, all of live stone, seventy-two paces across, sixty-two feet high, covered with a very unique terrace, equipped with two-foot edges. from above. The interior is divided into twenty-eight separate dwellings on each side; the middle one is double the size of those on the sides, and behind are stables seventeen feet wide, between high porticos for the accommodation of the grooms.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 477 ※ SOURCE for K. Beriz II « Karawanenhaltepunkt Beriz (Abb. 5; 226)157Lage: 17 km südöstlich von Khole (Dehra), 15 km nord- westlich von Dehkuyeh, an der Straße von Djahrom nach Lar. Am Ort sind nördlich einer Burganlage zwei Karavan- serails zu unterscheiden, das Karavanserail Shah Abbas (sa- favidisch) und ein qadjarischer Neubau. Das Karavanserail Beriz II:Typ: Hofkaravanserail ohne ausgeprägte Iwanbildung, mit Eingängen im Süd- und im Westflügel und Kuppelräu- men in den Gebäudeecken (Abb. 228).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 26,80 x 26,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 16,60 X 16,60 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,40 m, Höhe des Por- talbaus der Südseite 7,30 m. [Beriz caravan stopping point (Fig. 5; 226)157Location: 17 km southeast of Khole (Dehra), 15 km northwest of Dehkuyeh, on the road from Djahrom to Lar. At the site, two caravan serails can be distinguished north of a castle complex, the Shah Abbas caravan serail (Safavid) and a new Qajar building. The Beriz II caravanserail:Type: Court caravan serail without a pronounced iwan formation, with entrances in the south and west wings and domed rooms in the corners of the building (Fig. 228).Dimensions: external dimensions 26.80 x 26.50 m, courtyard dimensions 16.60 x 16.60 m, building height 4.40 m, height of the portal building on the south side 7.30 m.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 125 K. Hormud-e Abbasi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: 2 ruined caravanserai , K. Hormud-e Abbasi , KM095 (Gaube) , ※ SOURCE for 2 ruined caravanserai [no place name given - description used for Route 81 stage 025. PBR] « Après avoir passé un nouveau ruisseau salé qui coule aussi de droite à gauche, nous trouvons deux caravan- sérails ruinés, placés l'un près de l'autre. Vis- à-vis sont deux citernes rondes, et couvertes chacune d'un dôme. Plus loin il y en a plu- sieurs, de même forme ou en berceau, sépa- rées par de courts intervalles. Quelques-unes sont vides. [After having crossed a new salty stream which also flows from right to left, we find two ruined caravanserais, placed one near the other. Opposite are two round cisterns, each covered with a dome. Further on there are several, of the same shape or in a barrel shape, separated by short intervals. Some are empty.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 429 ※ SOURCE for K. Hormud-e Abbasi « Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Abb. 5) (183)Lage: 14 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Ceki, 7 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Hadji Agha Djamal, in + 490 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Das Karavanserail wird als Gendarmeriestation ge- nutzt; es entspricht dem Typ der größeren Pavillon-Kara- vanserails. Daneben steht die stark verfallene Ruine eines weiteren Bauwerkes dieses Typus sowie vier Zisternen.[Karavanserail Hormud-e Abbasi (Fig. 5) (183) Location: 14 km southeast of Karavanserail Ceki, 7 km northwest of Karavanserail Hadji Agha Djamal, at + 490 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The Karavanserail is used as a gendarmerie station; it corresponds to the type of larger pavilion caravan serails. Next to it are the badly dilapidated ruins of another building of this type and four cisterns.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 144 « Hormud-e Abbasi » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for KM095 (Gaube) « KM 095: Beim Dorf Hormüd-e 'Abbāsi liegen eine heute als Gendarmerieposten genutzte Station des Typs KM 049, eine weitere, sehr zerstörte Station des Typs KM 014, sowie vier Zisternen. [KM 095: Near the village of Hormüd-e 'Abbāsi there is a station of the type KM 049, which is now used as a gendarmerie post, another, very destroyed station of the type KM 014, and four cisterns.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 44 [2 cisterns located 1.16 kms north bearing 18°. PBR] K. Mo'allem-e Kasir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.755991 long 54.065574 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Mo'allem-e Kasir , ※ SOURCE for K. Mo'allem-e Kasir « Karavanserail Mo'allem-e Kasir (Abb. 3; 239) (167)Lage: 7 km östlich von Evaz, 34 km westlich von Lar, in +920 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Stallanbauten auf der West- seite und leicht vorgezogenem Portalbau. Ein ähnlicher Bau steht (unvermessen) 4 km westlich von EvazAbmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Anbauten und Stütz- pfeiler 13,60 × 13,60 m, Hofabmessungen 6 x 6 m. Höhen- maße sind nicht bekannt. fn. 167 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297f. Im Jahre 1986 war das Karavan- serail mit dem benachbarten Emamzadeh zu einem islamischen Komplex verbunden, den zu betreten Nichtmuselmanen nicht ge- stattet war. [Karavanserail Mo'allem-e Kasir (Fig. 3; 239) (167)Location: 7 km east of Evaz, 34 km west of Lar, at +920 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar.Type: Hofkaravanserail with stable extensions on the west side and slightly advanced portal construction. A similar building stands (unmeasured) 4 km west of EvazDimensions: External dimensions without extensions and supporting pillars 13.60 × 13.60 m, courtyard dimensions 6 x 6 m. Height dimensions are not known. fn. 167 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297f. In 1986, the caravan serail was connected to the neighboring Emamzadeh to form an Islamic complex that non-Muslims were not allowed to enter.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 131 « Das nächste Karavanserail an dieser Strecke erreicht man nach Passieren der Stadt Gerash, etwa 7 km vor der Palmenoase Evaz. Es liegt direkt neben dem auffallenden Imamzadeh Moallem-e Kasir und entspricht in der Bauart dem Karavanserail Bahi, allerdings sind hier an den Längsseiten noch zwei rechteckige, mit einer Spitztonne überwölbte Stallungen ange- fügt, die beiden Räume zu beiden Seiten des Einganges sind mit flachen Kuppeln überdeckt. An der Westseite ist das heute noch bewohnte Bauwerk mit modernen Zubauten ergänzt (Abb. 11). [The next caravanserai on this route can be reached after passing the town of Gerash, about 7 km before the palm oasis of Evaz. It is located right next to the striking Imamzadeh Moallem-e Kasir and is similar in design to the Bahi caravanserai, but here two rectangular stables with pointed barrel vaults are added on the long sides, and the two rooms on either side of the entrance are covered with flat domes. On the west side, the building, which is still inhabited today, has been supplemented with modern additions (Fig. 11).] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ pp. 297 and 298 K. Mokhak (Safavid) : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 28.727201 long 53.460919 VARIANT names: K. Mokhak (Safavid) , Mokhak Caravanserai 2 , ※ SOURCE for K. Mokhak (Safavid)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Mokhak (Taf. 23; 24,1) (Abb. 5; 190) 130Lage: 30 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Asemun- gerd, 23 km westlich von Qotb Abad und (Straße über Qotb Abad) 41 km nördlich von Djahrom, in + 1185 m ü. N. N., an der alten Hauptstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind ein größeres (qadjari- sches), ein kleineres (safavidisches) Karavanserail, die Spuren eines kleinen, älteren Baues von 24 × 24 m Außenmaßen und 17 x 17 m Hofabmessungen, eine Zisterne und ein Cahartaq- Emamzadeh voneinander zu unterscheiden (Abb. 190).Das größere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei- Jungen im rückwärtigen Flügel, breit gelagertem Portalbau und Wohnplattform in der Hofmitte. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58,20 × 48,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 36 × 36 m (Abb. 191), Höhe der Hoffassade 5,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,70 m (Abb. 192). Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Das kleinere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und im Westen angebautem Stalltrakt. Rundtürme an den Ecken und an den Courtinen. In der Hofmitte befindet sich ein Podest.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge (einschließlich des Anbaus) 42,50 × 32 m, Hofabmessungen 25 × 19,50 m (Abb. 193), Höhe des Gebäudes ca. 4,30 m (Abb. 194).Der Abanbar (Zisterne):13,80 m äußerer Durchmesser, Kuppelhöhe über dem Boden 5,40 m. Die Zisterne ist etwa 6 m eingetieft (Abb. 195) und in Bruchstein mit Verputz erbaut.fn. 130 Die Gebäude des Karawanenhaltepunktes Mokhlak wurden am 28. 2. 1977 vermessen. [Karavanserail Mokhak (Plate 23; 24.1) (Fig. 5; 190) 130Location: 30 km southeast of the Asemungerd caravanserail, 23 km west of Qotb Abad and (road via Qotb Abad) 41 km north of Djahrom, at + 1185 m above sea level. N. N., on the old main road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. At the site, one can distinguish between a larger (Qadjar), a smaller (Safavid) caravan serail, the traces of a small, older building with external dimensions of 24 × 24 m and courtyard dimensions of 17 × 17 m, a cistern and a Cahartaq-Emamzadeh (Fig . 190).The larger caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with four iwans, two stable abbey boys in the rear wing, a wide portal structure and living platform in the middle of the courtyard. Dimensions: external dimensions 58.20 × 48.50 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 36 m (Fig. 191), height of the courtyard facade 5.20 m, height of the portal building 9.70 m (Fig. 192). Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The smaller caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with two iwans and a stable wing attached to the west. Round towers at the corners and on the courts. There is a platform in the middle of the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections (including the extension) 42.50 × 32 m, courtyard dimensions 25 × 19.50 m (Fig. 193), height of the building approx. 4.30 m (Fig. 194).The Abanbar (cistern):13.80 m external diameter, dome height above the ground 5.40 m. The cistern is about 6 m deep (Fig. 195) and built of quarry stone with plaster.fn. 130 The buildings of the Mokhlak caravan stop were surveyed on February 28, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 106-8 ※ SOURCE for Mokhak Caravanserai 2 « Mokhak Caravanserai 2 Fars Jahrom Fars, km 30 on the road from Jahrom to Shiraz, on the right side of the road 6782 10/10/2002 Islamic » #3368 Asar-e Sabti, List of Iranian national monuments (فهرست اثار ملی ایران), (Version 90 08 29): ~ registration number 6782 « Caravanserai No. 2 of Mehak is located north of Caravanserai No. 1, which is almost different in terms of architecture. » #3365 Majid Mansouri, Archaeological Survey of the Kordian District, Jahrom, Fars, Iran (In Persian), Payam Baratshenas Magazine, 2015 yr.12:issue 23: ~ p. 88 K. Mokhak (small, older) : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 28.726747 long 53.459518 VARIANT names: K. Mokhak (small, older) , Mokhak Cahartaq-Emamzadeh , ※ SOURCE for K. Mokhak (small, older)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Mokhak (Taf. 23; 24,1) (Abb. 5; 190) 130Lage: 30 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Asemun- gerd, 23 km westlich von Qotb Abad und (Straße über Qotb Abad) 41 km nördlich von Djahrom, in + 1185 m ü. N. N., an der alten Hauptstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind ein größeres (qadjari- sches), ein kleineres (safavidisches) Karavanserail, die Spuren eines kleinen, älteren Baues von 24 × 24 m Außenmaßen und 17 x 17 m Hofabmessungen, eine Zisterne und ein Cahartaq- Emamzadeh voneinander zu unterscheiden (Abb. 190).Das größere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei- Jungen im rückwärtigen Flügel, breit gelagertem Portalbau und Wohnplattform in der Hofmitte. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58,20 × 48,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 36 × 36 m (Abb. 191), Höhe der Hoffassade 5,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,70 m (Abb. 192). Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Das kleinere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und im Westen angebautem Stalltrakt. Rundtürme an den Ecken und an den Courtinen. In der Hofmitte befindet sich ein Podest.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge (einschließlich des Anbaus) 42,50 × 32 m, Hofabmessungen 25 × 19,50 m (Abb. 193), Höhe des Gebäudes ca. 4,30 m (Abb. 194).Der Abanbar (Zisterne):13,80 m äußerer Durchmesser, Kuppelhöhe über dem Boden 5,40 m. Die Zisterne ist etwa 6 m eingetieft (Abb. 195) und in Bruchstein mit Verputz erbaut.fn. 130 Die Gebäude des Karawanenhaltepunktes Mokhlak wurden am 28. 2. 1977 vermessen. [Karavanserail Mokhak (Plate 23; 24.1) (Fig. 5; 190) 130Location: 30 km southeast of the Asemungerd caravanserail, 23 km west of Qotb Abad and (road via Qotb Abad) 41 km north of Djahrom, at + 1185 m above sea level. N. N., on the old main road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. At the site, one can distinguish between a larger (Qadjar), a smaller (Safavid) caravan serail, the traces of a small, older building with external dimensions of 24 × 24 m and courtyard dimensions of 17 × 17 m, a cistern and a Cahartaq-Emamzadeh (Fig . 190).The larger caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with four iwans, two stable abbey boys in the rear wing, a wide portal structure and living platform in the middle of the courtyard. Dimensions: external dimensions 58.20 × 48.50 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 36 m (Fig. 191), height of the courtyard facade 5.20 m, height of the portal building 9.70 m (Fig. 192). Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The smaller caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with two iwans and a stable wing attached to the west. Round towers at the corners and on the courts. There is a platform in the middle of the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections (including the extension) 42.50 × 32 m, courtyard dimensions 25 × 19.50 m (Fig. 193), height of the building approx. 4.30 m (Fig. 194).The Abanbar (cistern):13.80 m external diameter, dome height above the ground 5.40 m. The cistern is about 6 m deep (Fig. 195) and built of quarry stone with plaster.fn. 130 The buildings of the Mokhlak caravan stop were surveyed on February 28, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 106-8 ※ SOURCE for Mokhak Cahartaq-Emamzadeh(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Mokhak (Taf. 23; 24,1) (Abb. 5; 190) 130Lage: 30 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Asemun- gerd, 23 km westlich von Qotb Abad und (Straße über Qotb Abad) 41 km nördlich von Djahrom, in + 1185 m ü. N. N., an der alten Hauptstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind ein größeres (qadjari- sches), ein kleineres (safavidisches) Karavanserail, die Spuren eines kleinen, älteren Baues von 24 × 24 m Außenmaßen und 17 x 17 m Hofabmessungen, eine Zisterne und ein Cahartaq- Emamzadeh voneinander zu unterscheiden (Abb. 190).Das größere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei- Jungen im rückwärtigen Flügel, breit gelagertem Portalbau und Wohnplattform in der Hofmitte. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58,20 × 48,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 36 × 36 m (Abb. 191), Höhe der Hoffassade 5,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,70 m (Abb. 192). Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Das kleinere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und im Westen angebautem Stalltrakt. Rundtürme an den Ecken und an den Courtinen. In der Hofmitte befindet sich ein Podest.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge (einschließlich des Anbaus) 42,50 × 32 m, Hofabmessungen 25 × 19,50 m (Abb. 193), Höhe des Gebäudes ca. 4,30 m (Abb. 194).Der Abanbar (Zisterne):13,80 m äußerer Durchmesser, Kuppelhöhe über dem Boden 5,40 m. Die Zisterne ist etwa 6 m eingetieft (Abb. 195) und in Bruchstein mit Verputz erbaut.fn. 130 Die Gebäude des Karawanenhaltepunktes Mokhlak wurden am 28. 2. 1977 vermessen. [Karavanserail Mokhak (Plate 23; 24.1) (Fig. 5; 190) 130Location: 30 km southeast of the Asemungerd caravanserail, 23 km west of Qotb Abad and (road via Qotb Abad) 41 km north of Djahrom, at + 1185 m above sea level. N. N., on the old main road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. At the site, one can distinguish between a larger (Qadjar), a smaller (Safavid) caravan serail, the traces of a small, older building with external dimensions of 24 × 24 m and courtyard dimensions of 17 × 17 m, a cistern and a Cahartaq-Emamzadeh (Fig . 190).The larger caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with four iwans, two stable abbey boys in the rear wing, a wide portal structure and living platform in the middle of the courtyard. Dimensions: external dimensions 58.20 × 48.50 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 36 m (Fig. 191), height of the courtyard facade 5.20 m, height of the portal building 9.70 m (Fig. 192). Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The smaller caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with two iwans and a stable wing attached to the west. Round towers at the corners and on the courts. There is a platform in the middle of the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections (including the extension) 42.50 × 32 m, courtyard dimensions 25 × 19.50 m (Fig. 193), height of the building approx. 4.30 m (Fig. 194).The Abanbar (cistern):13.80 m external diameter, dome height above the ground 5.40 m. The cistern is about 6 m deep (Fig. 195) and built of quarry stone with plaster.fn. 130 The buildings of the Mokhlak caravan stop were surveyed on February 28, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 106-8 K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (older) : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 28.565949 long 53.089395 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: unable to see any indication of ruins. coordinates based on estimate from Abb. 218 Karavanserail Mudkhun (Mudkhrun), Lageskizze VARIANT names: K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (older) , ※ SOURCE for K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (older)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (Taf. 28,2.3) (Abb. 5; 218)Lage: 60 km westlich von Djahrom und etwa 25 km südwestlich der Station 40 km westlich von Djahrom, ca. (geschätzt) 20 km Luftlinie östlich des Abanbar beim Felsre- lief von Qir, in +880 m ü. N.N., am Karawanenweg von Firuzabad nach Djahrom. Es sind am Ort ein älterer und ein jüngerer Bau zu unterscheiden.Älteres Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, vier Stallabtei- lungen, vorgezogenem, aber dezentralem Portalbau und ab- gerundeten Ecken (Abb. 220).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 30,20 × 27,20 m, Hofabmes- sungen 13,70 × 12,50 m, teilweise erhaltene Höhe etwa 3 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer- stört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Als Vorgängerbau des größeren Karavan- serails wahrscheinlich in safavidischer oder Karim-Khan-e Zand-Zeit errichtet. [Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) caravanserai (Table 28,2.3) (Fig. 5; 218)Location: 60 km west of Djahrom and about 25 km southwest of the station 40 km west of Djahrom, about (estimated) 20 km as the crow flies east of the Abanbar near the rock relief of Qir, at +880 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Firuzabad to Djahrom. An older and a younger building can be distinguished at the site.Older caravanserai:Type: Court caravanserai with two iwans, four stable sections, projecting but decentralized portal structure and rounded corners (Fig. 220).Dimensions: External dimensions 30.20 × 27.20 m, courtyard dimensions 13.70 × 12.50 m, partially preserved height about 3 m. Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: As a predecessor to the larger caravanserai, probably built in the Safavid or Karim-Khan-e Zand period.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 121 K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (Qadjarisch) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.566282 long 53.089943 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (Qadjarisch) , ※ SOURCE for K. Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (Qadjarisch) « Karavanserail Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) (Taf. 28,2.3) (Abb. 5; 218)Lage: 60 km westlich von Djahrom und etwa 25 km südwestlich der Station 40 km westlich von Djahrom, ca. (geschätzt) 20 km Luftlinie östlich des Abanbar beim Felsre- lief von Qir, in +880 m ü. N.N., am Karawanenweg von Firuzabad nach Djahrom. Es sind am Ort ein älterer und ein jüngerer Bau zu unterscheiden.Jüngeres Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei- lungen beiderseits des Portals und einem oktogonalen Raum in der Südecke des Gebäudes. Der nördliche und der östliche sowie der westliche Eckraum dürften ebenfalls als Ställe ge- nutzt worden sein. Der Bau hat runde Türme an den Ecken (Abb. 219).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 35,50 × 31,50 m, Hofabmessungen 21,20 x 21,20 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden etwa 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Mudkhun (Mudkhrun) Caravanserai (Table 28,2.3) (Fig. 5; 218)Location: 60 km west of Djahrom and about 25 km southwest of the station 40 km west of Djahrom, about (estimated) 20 km as the crow flies east of the Abanbar near the rock relief of Qir, at +880 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Firuzabad to Djahrom. An older and a younger building can be distinguished at the site.Younger caravanserai:Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections on either side of the portal and an octagonal room in the south corner of the building. The northern, eastern and western corner rooms may also have been used as stables. The building has round towers at the corners (Fig. 219).Dimensions: external dimensions without tower projections 35.50 × 31.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21.20 x 21.20 m, height of the courtyard facades about 3.50 m.Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: well preserved, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 121 K. Posht-e Sangar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.741824 long 54.324033 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Posht-e Sangar , Ostami , ※ SOURCE for K. Posht-e Sangar « Karavanserail Posht-e Sangar (Abb. 5; 229) 160Lage: 13 km südwestlich von Kurdeh und 14 km nörd- lich von Lar, an der Straße von Djahrom nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Eingängen im Süden und im Westen, keine Iwan-Bildung, halbrunde Wandvorlagen an den Außenwänden. Stallungen beiderseits des südlichen Portals. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 15,50 × 15,40 m, Hofabmes- sungen 8,30 × 8,30 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,10 m. [Karavanserail Posht-e Sangar (Fig. 5; 229) 160Location: 13 km southwest of Kurdeh and 14 km north of Lar, on the road from Djahrom to Lar.Type: Hofkaravanserail with entrances in the south and west, no iwan formation, semicircular wall templates on the outer walls. Stables on either side of the southern portal. Dimensions: external dimensions 15.50 × 15.40 m, courtyard dimensions 8.30 × 8.30 m, building height 3.10 m. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 128 ※ SOURCE for Ostami « We took the road behind the fortress through dry and arid mountains, similar to the ones we had passed. There was not a single tree because of the excessive heat from the sun. Around the second hour of the night, I stopped in a little plain at a cistern that is close to a caravanserai called Ostami. There I waited until the arrival of the others, and together we continued the trip » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 294 K. südlich Lar/Khur (2) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.583539 long 54.363242 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. südlich Lar/Khur (2) , ※ SOURCE for K. südlich Lar/Khur (2) « In der Nähe des Karavanserails steht ein Kleinkaravan- serail: Typ: Einräumiger Rechteckbau mit iwanartig betontem Eingang (Abb. 247). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 8,50 × 4,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 2,90 m. [There is a small caravanserail near the caravanserail: Type: Single-room rectangular building with an iwan-like entrance (Fig. 247). Dimensions: External dimensions 8.50 × 4.50 m, building height 2.90 m.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 135 K. Tang-e Nao (Pavilion) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.668028 long 54.541792 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Tang-e Nao (Pavilion) , ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Nao (Pavilion) « Karavanserail Tang-e Nao (Taf. 28,4) (Abb. 5; 255)(179) Lage: 31 km östlich von Lar, 15 km westlich Cahar Berkeh, in + 740 m ü. N.N., an der safavidischen Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein safavidisches Pavil hlon-Karavanserail, die Ruine eines wohl safavidischen Hof- 1 karavanserails und ein qadjarisches Karavanserail.fn. 179 Die Bauten in Tang-e Nao wurden am 15.3. 1986 vermessen. Der Grundriß des qadjarischen Karavanserails wurde von R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, trotz einiger Fehler, übernommen, denn der Bau war unzugänglich. Das qadjarische Karavanserail: Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingangsiwan und Räumen um den Hof gereiht, sowie vorgezogenem, turmar- tigem Portalbau. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung und ohne Stützpfeiler 28,40 × 28,20 m, Hofabmessungen 19,20 X 18,80 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 3,90 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 6,30 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt. [Tang-e Nao Caravanserai (Table 28.4) (Fig. 5; 255)(179) Location: 31 km east of Lar, 15 km west of Cahar Berkeh, at + 740 m above sea level, on the Safavid road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The following can be distinguished at the site: a Safavid pavilion caravanserai, the ruins of a probably Safavid court caravanserai and a Qajar caravanserai. fn. 179 The buildings in Tang-e Nao were surveyed on March 15, 1986. The ground plan of the Qajar caravanserai was adopted by R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, despite some errors, because the building was inaccessible. The Qajar caravanserai: Type: Courtyard caravanserai with an entrance iwan and rooms arranged around the courtyard, as well as a tower-like portal structure. Dimensions: External dimensions without portal projection and without supporting pillars 28.40 × 28.20 m, courtyard dimensions 19.20 x 18.80 m, height of the courtyard facades 3.90 m, height of the portal structure 6.30 m. Building material: quarry stone, plastered. Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used for agricultural purposes. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 136-140 K. Tang-e Nao (Qajar) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.667904 long 54.541389 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Tang-e Nao (Qajar) , ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Nao (Qajar) « Karavanserail Tang-e Nao (Taf. 28,4) (Abb. 5; 255)(179) Lage: 31 km östlich von Lar, 15 km westlich Cahar Berkeh, in + 740 m ü. N.N., an der safavidischen Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein safavidisches Pavil hlon-Karavanserail, die Ruine eines wohl safavidischen Hof- 1 karavanserails und ein qadjarisches Karavanserail.fn. 179 Die Bauten in Tang-e Nao wurden am 15.3. 1986 vermessen. Der Grundriß des qadjarischen Karavanserails wurde von R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, trotz einiger Fehler, übernommen, denn der Bau war unzugänglich. Das qadjarische Karavanserail: Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingangsiwan und Räumen um den Hof gereiht, sowie vorgezogenem, turmar- tigem Portalbau. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung und ohne Stützpfeiler 28,40 × 28,20 m, Hofabmessungen 19,20 X 18,80 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 3,90 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 6,30 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt. [Tang-e Nao Caravanserai (Table 28.4) (Fig. 5; 255)(179) Location: 31 km east of Lar, 15 km west of Cahar Berkeh, at + 740 m above sea level, on the Safavid road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The following can be distinguished at the site: a Safavid pavilion caravanserai, the ruins of a probably Safavid court caravanserai and a Qajar caravanserai. fn. 179 The buildings in Tang-e Nao were surveyed on March 15, 1986. The ground plan of the Qajar caravanserai was adopted by R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, despite some errors, because the building was inaccessible. The Qajar caravanserai: Type: Courtyard caravanserai with an entrance iwan and rooms arranged around the courtyard, as well as a tower-like portal structure. Dimensions: External dimensions without portal projection and without supporting pillars 28.40 × 28.20 m, courtyard dimensions 19.20 x 18.80 m, height of the courtyard facades 3.90 m, height of the portal structure 6.30 m. Building material: quarry stone, plastered. Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used for agricultural purposes. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 136-140 K. Tang-e Nao (Savavid) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.668107 long 54.539936 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Tang-e Nao (Savavid) , ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Nao (Savavid) « Karavanserail Tang-e Nao (Taf. 28,4) (Abb. 5; 255)(179) Lage: 31 km östlich von Lar, 15 km westlich Cahar Berkeh, in + 740 m ü. N.N., an der safavidischen Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein safavidisches Pavil hlon-Karavanserail, die Ruine eines wohl safavidischen Hof- 1 karavanserails und ein qadjarisches Karavanserail.fn. 179 Die Bauten in Tang-e Nao wurden am 15.3. 1986 vermessen. Der Grundriß des qadjarischen Karavanserails wurde von R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, trotz einiger Fehler, übernommen, denn der Bau war unzugänglich. Das safavidische Karavanserail: Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Räumen um den Hof herum and rückwärtigem Stall (Abb. 256). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 31,70 x 27 m, Hofabmes- sungen 17 × 17 m, die Gebäudehöhe läßt sich mit 4,60 m re- onstruieren. Baumaterial: Bruchstein. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer- tört. Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. [Tang-e Nao Caravanserai (Table 28.4) (Fig. 5; 255)(179) Location: 31 km east of Lar, 15 km west of Cahar Berkeh, at + 740 m above sea level, on the Safavid road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The following can be distinguished at the site: a Safavid pavilion caravanserai, the ruins of a probably Safavid court caravanserai and a Qajar caravanserai. fn. 179 The buildings in Tang-e Nao were surveyed on March 15, 1986. The ground plan of the Qajar caravanserai was adopted by R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 304, despite some errors, because the building was inaccessible. The Safavid caravanserai: Type: Court caravanserai with rooms around the courtyard and a stable at the back (Fig. 256). Dimensions: External dimensions 31.70 x 27 m, courtyard dimensions 17 × 17 m, the building height can be reconstructed as 4.60 m. Building material: quarry stone. Structural features and condition: Very badly destroyed. Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Safavid, 17th century. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 136-140 K. Tang-e Zandjiran (large) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.062221 long 52.64407 VARIANT names: K. Tang-e Zandjiran (large) , ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Zandjiran (large) « Karavanserail Tang-e Zandjiran (Taf. 24.4-25.3)(Abb. 5; 199) (133)Lage. 21 km südlich von Kavar, 17 km nördlich der Sta tion Farukhabad (Farokh Abad), 2 km nördlich von Robat Qal'eh Kushk, in + 1710 m ü. N. N., am südlichen Ausgang der Schlucht, an der alten und an der modernen Straße von Shiraz nach Firuzabad. Es handelt sich um einen Karawa nenhalteplatz, der ein frühislamisches Robat Qal'eh Kushk, eine kleine, vielleicht safavidische Station und ein qadjarisches Karavanserail sowie zwei Befestigungen auf den parallel zueinander verlaufenden Felsrippen südöstlich des Robat Qaleh Kushk umfallt. Am Ausgang der Tang-e Zanduran und die Spuren eines gemauerten Dammes erkennbar, den Hochwasser zurückhalten sollte und von dem aus ein Kanal nach Osten verläuft. Der Karawanenweg führte durch die Schlucht, die moderne Asphaltstraße von Shiraz nach Firuzalad wird neben der Schlucht durch einen Tunnel geführt (Abb. 199)Das grofle Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, einem Stallan- bau, der von auflen (Nordosten) zugänglich ist, zwei winkel- förmigen Stallabteilungen im Nord- und im Südflügel und vier oktogonalen Räumen in den Gebäudeecken. In der Hof- mitte ein Wohnpodest.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Anbau und ohne Turmvorsprünge 45 x 40,80 m. Der Anbau ist 5 m breit und entspricht in der Länge der Breite des Karavanserails (Abb. 200). Das Obergeschoß bestand aus drei Räumen und war ursprünglich nach außen geöffnet. Die Hoffassaden sind 4.60 m hoch, die Eingangsfront hat über dem Portal eine Höhe von 9,20 m (Abb. 201). fn. 133 Die Bauten nahe der Schlucht wurden am 26. 2. 1977 im Grundris und am 7. 12. 1988 in Schnitten und Ansichten vermessen. [Tang-e Zandjiran Caravanserai (Table 24.4-25.3)(Fig. 5; 199) (133)Location. 21 km south of Kavar, 17 km north of Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) station, 2 km north of Robat Qal'eh Kushk, at + 1710 m above sea level, at the southern exit of the gorge, on the old and modern road from Shiraz to Firuzabad. It is a caravanserai stopping place that includes an early Islamic Robat Qal'eh Kushk, a small, perhaps Safavid station and a Qajar caravanserai as well as two fortifications on the parallel rock ridges southeast of Robat Qaleh Kushk. At the exit of the Tang-e Zanduran and the traces of a brick dam can be seen, which was intended to hold back flood water and from which a canal runs to the east. The caravan route led through the gorge, the modern asphalt road from Shiraz to Firuzalad runs through a tunnel next to the gorge (Fig. 199)The large caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, a stable extension that is accessible from the outside (northeast), two angled stable sections in the north and south wings and four octagonal rooms in the corners of the building. In the middle of the courtyard there is a living platform.Dimensions: External dimensions without extension and without tower projections 45 x 40.80 m. The extension is 5 m wide and corresponds in length to the width of the caravanserai (Fig. 200). The upper floor consisted of three rooms and was originally open to the outside. The courtyard facades are 4.60 m high, the entrance front has a height of 9.20 m above the portal (Fig. 201).fn. 133 The buildings near the ravine were measured in plan on February 26, 1977 and in sections and elevations on December 7, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 110-1 «Japanese text omitted [On the east side of the road, we found and investigated the remains of two caravanserai on the Zanjiran River. One of them is relatively well preserved and clearly belongs to the Safavid period. It is a square structure with sides of 29.70 m, skillfully stacked with flat stones and rough corner stones, and is a sturdy structure covered with clay and lime mortar (see Fig. 8 and photos nos. 5-7). The other, located to the south, is a small structure with sides of 17 m, and is in a state of severe collapse. It is probably older than the former and predates the Seljuk period (photo no. 8) (57)] » #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988~p.37 K. Tang-e Zandjiran (small) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.061774 long 52.643313 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Tang-e Zandjiran (small) , ※ SOURCE for K. Tang-e Zandjiran (small) « Das kleine Stationsgebäude neben dem Karavanserail:Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und vier runden Ecktürmen. Als Caparkhaneh (Post- und Gendarmeriestation) anzusehen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Türme 22,70 x 11,45 m, Hofabmessungen 13,50 x 13,20 m (Abb. 202). Die Mauern standen noch bis zu 2 m an.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude war 1988 vollständig abgerissen, wahrscheinlich als Sucin bruch für den Straßenbau genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Vielleicht safavidisch bis frülugadjarish, 17.-18. Jahrhundert.Im Bereich von Karavanserail und Stationsgebäude wurde hellgraubraune, hellrötlichbraune und hellgellogra unglasierte Keramik (Abb. 203), sowie türkisfarben glasierne Ware (Abb. 203, drittes bis fünftes Beispiel von oben und vo tere Schale) gefunden. [The small station building next to the caravanserai:Type: courtyard complex with four iwans and four round corner towers. To be regarded as a Caparkhaneh (post and gendarmerie station).Dimensions: external dimensions without towers 22.70 x 11.45 m, courtyard dimensions 13.50 x 13.20 m (Fig. 202). The walls were still up to 2 m high. Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: The building was completely demolished in 1988, probably used as a quarry for road construction.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Perhaps Safavid to early Lugadjarish, 17th-18th century.In the area of ??the caravanserai and the station building, light grey-brown, light reddish-brown and light gellogra unglazed pottery (Fig. 203) as well as turquoise glazed ware (Fig. 203, third to fifth example from the top and the lower bowl) were found.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 111-3 «Japanese text omitted [On the east side of the road, we found and investigated the remains of two caravanserai on the Zanjiran River. One of them is relatively well preserved and clearly belongs to the Safavid period. It is a square structure with sides of 29.70 m, skillfully stacked with flat stones and rough corner stones, and is a sturdy structure covered with clay and lime mortar (see Fig. 8 and photos nos. 5-7). The other, located to the south, is a small structure with sides of 17 m, and is in a state of severe collapse. It is probably older than the former and predates the Seljuk period (photo no. 8) (57)] » #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988~p.37 K. westlich von Evaz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.785383 long 53.899377 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. westlich von Evaz , ※ SOURCE for K. westlich von Evaz « Karavanserail westlich von Evaz (Abb. 5; 237) (166) Lage: 13 km westlich von Evaz, 25 km östlich von Mahlakeh, in + 1030 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar. Nördlich des Karavanserails steht ein runder Abanbar (Zisterne, nicht vermessen).Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail mit Eingangsiwan, Un- terkunftsräumen auf der Nordseite und Stallungen auf drei Seiten. Vorgezogener Portalbau (Abb. 238).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne vorgezogenen Portal- bau 19 x 18 m, Hofabmessungen 11 × 9,70 m, Höhe des Por- talbaus 3,50 m. Die niedrigen Innenräume haben eine Höhe von 2,40 m. [Caravanserail west of Evaz (Fig. 5; 237) (166)Location: 13 km west of Evaz, 25 km east of Mahlakeh, at + 1030 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar. To the north of the caravanserail there is a round abanbar (cistern, not surveyed).Type: Small court caravan serail with entrance iwan, accommodation rooms on the north side and stables on three sides. Advanced portal construction (Fig. 238).Dimensions: External dimensions without the advanced portal construction 19 x 18 m, courtyard dimensions 11 × 9.70 m, height of the portal construction 3.50 m. The low interior rooms have a height of 2.40 m. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 130 Kaboodan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.376811 long 57.977882 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat kabudan(karvansaraye kabudan) رباط کبودان(کاروانسرای کبودان) VARIANT names: Kaboodan Caravanserai , Kabudan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kabudan Caravanserai «Kabudan Caravanserai This is a 19th century caravanserai from Qajar period.» online reference link [accessed 05 Jun 2026] Kabutarkhan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: karvansaraye kabutarkhan کاروانسرای کبوترخان VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207236 , Kabutar Khan caravanserai , Kabutarkhan Caravanserai , Karavanserail Kabutar Khan , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207236 EAMENA-0207236 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kabutar Khan caravanserai « KABUTAR KHAN-LAT. 30° 17' 40"; LONG. 56°20'0".(Schindler).ELEV. 5,550' (Average of four readings.)A village in Kirman, 47 miles from the city of that name, on the road to Yazd. Persian post office. One good house belonging to the headman.Half of the village, which consists of 200 houses with a population of 800 persons, belongs to Government, the other half to Nür Ullah Khan of Kirman. Caravanserai.AD The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture, and the crops, which are irrigated by two streams of water from the Laleh zär river, consist of some 2,000 Indian maunds of wheat and barley, 650 Indian mawds of cotton 420 Indian maunds of millet, and 2,500 mans of beetroot and turnips. The drainage is towards Rafsinjän on west. Livestock are: 200 donkeys, 300 cattle, 500 sheep and goats. Bhūsā, firewood, and supplies, sufficient for one regiment, can be obtained here. Maize is cultivated. On Christmas day, 1905, 22° (Fah.) of frost were registered. 3 Mar inis and 5 muzzle-loaders. There is a good caravanserai and a chāpārkhaneh of sun-dried brick.-(Wood, 1899-Sher Jang, 1902-Gibbon, 1968.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ pp. 443-444 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kabutar Khan « Karavanserail Kabutar Khan (Abb. 4; 135) (54)Lage: 25 km südöstlich Naseriyeh, 27 km nordwest von Robat, in + 1590 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Ya nach Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen Iwane die Eingänge in die beiden Stallab-teilungen bilden. Vier Rundtürme sichern die Ecken. An der rückwärtigen Außenmauer springen zwei Toilettenbau-ten vor die Außenwand vor.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 41,50×41,20 m, Hofabmessungen 18,60 × 18,60 m. Über dem rückwärtigen Gebäudeflügel ein nachträglicher Aufbau in zwei Räumen (Außenmaße 11,30 × 5,80 m) (Abb. 136). Hö-he der Hoffassaden 6 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 10,30 m, Hö-he der Türme 8,90 m (Abb. 137).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Reich verzierteZiegelfassaden und in gutem Erhaltungszustand.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 54 Kabutar Khan wurde am 27.2. 1984 vermessen. [ 1,111 Caravanserail Kabutar Khan (Fig. 4; 135) (54)Location: 25 km southeast of Naseriyeh, 27 km northwest of Robat, at an elevation of 1590 m above sea level, on the road from Ya to Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, the two side iwans forming the entrances to the two stable sections. Four round towers guard the corners. Two toilet blocks project from the rear exterior wall.Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 41.50 ×41.20 m, courtyard dimensions 18.60 × 18.60 m. A later addition with two rooms (external dimensions 11.30 × 5.80 m) was built over the rear wing (Fig. 136). Height of the courtyard facades: 6 m, height of the portal structure: 10.30 m, height of the towers: 8.90 m (Fig. 137).Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Richly decoratedbrick facades and in good condition.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 54 Kabutar Khan was surveyed on February 27, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 82 Kachalak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.254933 long 53.964034 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye kachalak کاروانسرای کچلک VARIANT names: Kachalak Caravanserai , Kahoristan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: marked in google maps as an historical landmark « کاروانسرا کهورستان » VARIANT names: Coriftan Karrawanfera , Coverstone Caravensaroy , Kahoristan Caravanserai , Karavanserail Berkeh Seta , Karistan caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Coriftan Karrawanfera « Wy namen ons verblyf tot Coriftan, in een, flegte Karrawanfera, dog waren verblyd dat wy onder 't dak quamen. Zyn Ed: liet aanſtonds zoo veel hout, als'er te krygen was, in de Karrawanſera brengen; [We took up our abode as far as Coriftan, in a quiet Karrawanfera, but were glad to come under the roof. His Ed: immediately had as much wood as could be obtained brought into the Karrawanſera;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 266 « Den 9. dito na 4½ myl, is zyn Ed: in 't dorp Coriſtan gekomen. [On the 9th, after 4½ miles, his Ed: arrived in the village of Coriſtan.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Coverstone Caravensaroy « 4th March. About 3 afternoon sett out for Coverstone, 7 farsangs, stoney way; about 3 farsangs came to a Caravensaroy called Goos Basargoon. Coverstone is a small good Caravensaroy, a very good village just by it, where may have all things eatable. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 44 ※ SOURCE for Kahoristan Caravanserai کاروانسرای کهورستان مربوط به دوره صفوی است و در شهرستان خمیر، مسیرجاده بندر لنگه به بندرعباس واقع شده و این اثر در تاریخ ۲ خرداد ۱۳۷۸ با شمارهٔ ثبت ۲۳۲۸ به?عنوان یکی از آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است. « Kohoristan Caravanserai belongs to the Safavid period and is located in Khmer city, on the road from Bandar Langeh to Bandar Abbas , and this work was registered as one of the national works of Iran on June 2, 1978 with registration number 2328. » online reference link [accessed 11 Apr 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Berkeh Seta [cisterns 95m SE of caravanserai across main road. PBR] « Karavanserail Berkeh Seta (Taf. 26,3) (Abb. 7; 220) (107)Lage: 10 km westlich Qal(eh Pahlu, 8 km östlich Berkeh Sultan, in + 50 m ü.N.N., an der Straße (alt und modern) von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar. Neben dem Kara- vanserail stehen drei Zisternen.[Karavanserail Berkeh Seta (Plate 26.3) (Fig. 7; 220) (107) Location: 10 km west of Qal(eh Pahlu, 8 km east of Berkeh Sultan, at + 50 m above sea level, on the road (old and modern) from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. Next to the caravanserail there are three cisterns. ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 123 ※ SOURCE for Karistan caravanserai « At 4 miles 3 furlongs we pass the caravanserai and three cisterns of Karistan, all in good repair, and the latter full of water. ... NOTE. From a mound immediately to north-east of the cisterns of Karistan a pass named "Tang Abad". leading through the range Gishu, bears E. by N.¼ N. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 33 Kali Kuheh Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai Bahram , Kali Kuheh Caravansary , Karavanserail Bababayki , karvansaraye tel naghareh , Tel Saman Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai Bahram « Caravanserai Bahram On the southeast edge of Tal Naqara Khana, the remains of a square building can be seen. This building has a special resemblance to the Sassanid era caravanserais and, like other buildings in Ghandijan, is made of stone and plaster. The said building, which is known as Bahram's caravanserai or Bahram's hut, is located on two floors and is planned around a central courtyard. Each side of the building is about eighty meters long. Until the last few years, parts of the second floor were standing, but today a small part of the second floor remains. In the construction of the buildings of this ancient site, materials such as plaster and stone have been used, according to the presence of stucco found in this ancient site, the presence of plaster decorations in the architectural works of this site has been proven. It seems that the building in question has a square plan and is made of stone and plaster. Figure (10) (Ebrahimi, 2004 (3) Another name of this building is Caravanserai Keli Kohe. Ghasemi (2012 A: 68 Caravanserai Bahram or Keli Kohe). ... It is located east of the city of Ghandijan and it is possible that its construction dates back to the first Islamic centuries (ibid). Ibn Othman 1333 (3837) If the caravanserai of Kushk Bahram or Kelli Koh is the same building built by Bazour Andjani, it can be concluded that the caravanserai building belongs to the end of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth lunar centuries. What it seems from the appearance of the building is that the construction method and the type of arching and the materials used and the fit of the building are similar to the architecture of the Sassanid period, not to the Islamic period. Another possibility is that the intended building was not a caravanserai but a military barracks for the temporary deployment of the army should be in the direction of the city of Bishapur and Navindjan towards the city of Kor and the Persian Gulf.» #3124 Hassan Karimian and Afshin Aryanpur, Sassanid-Islamic City of Ghandijan: Spatial Organization, Form and Function, Journal of Iranian Studies, Tehran, ~ p. 238 ※ SOURCE for Kali Kuheh Caravansary « Mahmoud Ibn Osman when talking about Sheikh Abou Eshagh's followers, mentions a person called Sheikh Bazu Ghadanjani who erected a caravansary in Dasht-e Barin (Mahmoud Ibn Osman 1979, 394). This caravansary is most probably "Kushk" or "Kali Kuheh Caravansary" at the eastern margin of the city that has been investigated by the author in 2007; this structure resembles early Islamic structures in terms of architectural features (Fig. 5) (Ghasemi 2008). » #3084 Parsa Ghasemi, Preliminary Report on the Identification of Ghandejan / Dasht-e Barin City Center on Sar Mashhad Plain, North of the Persian Gulfگزارش مقدماتی از شناسایی موقعیت شهر باستانی غندجان/ دشت بارین در دشت سر مشهد ، شمال دریای پارس, Journal of Iranian Archaeology, 2013 no. 3:65-71 ~ p. 68 [exact location not known but based on Figure 5. The remains of Kali Kuheh Caravansary or Kushk at the northeast margin of Kali Kuheh site, Tol-e Saman, Sar Mashhad. in #3084 Parsa Ghasemi, Preliminary Report on the Identification of Ghandejan / Dasht-e Barin City Center on Sar Mashhad Plain, North of the Persian Gulfگزارش مقدماتی از شناسایی موقعیت شهر باستانی غندجان/ دشت بارین در دشت سر مشهد ، شمال دریای پارس, Journal of Iranian Archaeology, 2013 no. 3:65-71 ~ p. 68. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bababayki « Karavanserail Bababayki (Koshkabad) (Taf. 8,1.2) (Abb. 5; 76) (59)Lage: 9 km südlich von Sar Mashhad, zwischen den Dörfern Husseinabad (Hoseyn Abad) und Tolaneh, in + 760 m ü. N. N., an einer alten Wegverbindung von Djerreh in die Küstenregion am Persischen Golf.Typ: Hofanlage mit langen, schmalen Stallungen und kleinen Räumen und Spuren größerer Räume oder Höfe auf der Ostseite.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 87 × 78,50 m, Hofabmes-sungen 66 × 57 m, Gebäudehöhe etwa 7,50 m (Abb. 77).Baumaterial: Bruchstein in starkem Mörtelverbund.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell starkhi vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Vor- bis frühislamische Anlage.59 Die Ruine wurde am 5. 10. 1993 vermessen. [Caravanserail Bababayki (Koshkabad) (Plate 8.1.2) (Figs. 5; 76) (59)Location: 9 km south of Sar Mashhad, between the villages of Husseinabad (Hoseyn Abad) and Tolaneh, at an elevation of 760 m above sea level, on an old road connecting Djerreh to the coastal region of the Persian Gulf.Type: Farmstead with long, narrow stables and small rooms, and traces of larger rooms or courtyards on the east side.Dimensions: External dimensions 87 × 78.50 m, courtyard dimensions 66 × 57 m, building height approximately 7.50 m (Fig. 77).Building material: Rubble stone with strong mortar bond.Structural features and condition: Partially and severely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Pre-Islamic to early Islamic site.59 The ruins were surveyed on October 5, 1993.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for karvansaraye tel naghareh karvansaraye tel naghareh کاروانسرای تل نقاره ※ SOURCE for Tel Saman Caravanserai in google maps کاروانسرای تل سامان Kaman-i Bihisht : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Kaman-i Bihisht , ※ SOURCE for Kaman-i Bihisht « 2107. KAMAN-I BIHISHT Original: Lat. 35º 020 N, long. 61º 070 E. Map 41. Revised: 35.04684548 N, 61.12923236 E / 35º 020 48.64371684 N, 61º 070 45.23648772 E. Herat Province. At the 14th mile north of Toman Agha, about 84 km north of Kuhsān, on the right bank of the Hari Rūd. Description: A ruined caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1884 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 63–4 and 451—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 430 Kamarij caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.60053 long 51.485908 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi kamarj کاروانسرای تاریخی کمارج VARIANT names: Kamarij caravanserai , Karavanserail Kamaradj II , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kamaradj II « Karavanserail Kamaradj II (Taf. 2,2.3) (Abb. 31) (30)Lage: 3 km südlich des Karavanserails Kamaradj I und 3 km nördlich der Station Tepe Koshk, an der Strecke Bus-hehr-Shiraz, in + 840 m ü. N. Ν.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit unregelmäßiger Raumeintei-lung in langrechteckige Räume (Stallungen).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 49,30 × 39 m, Hofabmes-sungen 27 × 26,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 3 m, Höhe des Torauf-baus 8,30 m (Abb. 32).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverbindung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan-serail ist sehr stark zerstört. Es ist auf seiner Nordseite bau-lich erheblich verändert worden und in seiner Längsachse auch nicht spiegelgleich gestaltet.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau dürfte in safavidischer Zeit im 16.-17. Jahrhundert erbaut und in qadjarischer Zeit vor der Errichtung des Karavanserails Kamaradj I verändert worden sein.fn 30 Karavanserail Kamaradj II wurde am 7. 11. 1990 vermessen. [Caravanserail Kamaradj II (Plates 2.2.3) (Fig. 31) (30)Location: 3 km south of Caravanserail Kamaradj I and 3 km north of Tepe Koshk station, on the Bushehr-Shiraz railway line, at an elevation of 840 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with an irregular layout of long rectangular rooms (stables).Dimensions: External dimensions 49.30 × 39 m, courtyard dimensions 27 × 26.50 m, building height 3 m, gatehouse height 8.30 m (Fig. 32).Building material: Rubble masonry with mortar.Structural features and condition: The caravanserail is severely damaged. Its north side has been significantly altered, and its longitudinal axis is not symmetrical.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: The structure was likely built during the Safavid period in the 16th-17th century and modified during the Qajar period before the construction of the Kamaradj I caravanserai.fn 30 The Kamaradj II caravanserai was surveyed on November 7, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 26 Kameh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.453321 long 59.232201 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat kameh رباط کامه VARIANT names: Kameh Caravanserai , Karavanserail Robat Torusaq , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Torusaq « Karavanserail Robat Torusaq (Kameh) (Taf. 24,1 und 24,2) (Abb. 5 und 65)Lage: 18 km nördlich Torbat-e Heydariyeh, 14 km südlich Robat-e Sang, in + 1650 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Typ: Vollständig überdeckter Hallenbau, an den ein Hofkaravanserail angebaut wurde. Beide sind durch einen Wanddurchbruch miteinander verbunden. Beide Gebäude-teile haben eigene Eingänge.Abmessungen: Hallenbau: 24,60 × 25 m Außenmaße ohne Eckvorsprünge. Hofanlage: 36,50 × 33 m Außenmaße, 22,20 x 14,80 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe der Hoffassaden etwa 5 m, Höhe des Hallenbaus 6 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel und Bruchstein im Hallenbau, gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm) im Hofkaravan-serail.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört und nach Baumaterial ausgeraubt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: An den wahrscheinlich safavidischen Hallenbau wurde in qadjarischer Zeit die Hofanlage ange-baut. [Robat Torusaq (Kameh) Caravanserail (Plates 24.1 and 24.2) (Figs. 5 and 65)Location: 18 km north of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, 14 km south of Robat-e Sang, at an elevation of 1650 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Type: A fully covered hall structure to which a courtyard caravanserail was attached. The two are connected by an opening in the wall. Both sections have separate entrances.Dimensions: Hall structure: 24.60 × 25 m (external dimensions, excluding corner projections). Courtyard: 36.50 × 33 m (external dimensions), 22.20 × 14.80 m (courtyard dimensions). The courtyard facades are approximately 5 meters high, and the hall building is 6 meters high.Building materials: Fired bricks and rubble stone in the hall building; fired bricks (21/21/5 cm) in the courtyard caravan serail.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged and plundered for building materials.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The courtyard complex was added to the probably Safavid hall building during the Qajar period.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 50 Kanaqin caravanserai : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 34.345442 long 45.383201 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: no sources to confirm location. possible location to west 116m at lat 34.345531° long 45.381867° and to east 86m lat 34.345604° long 45.384140°. to be confirmed VARIANT names: Kanaqin caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kanaqin caravanserai « he fruit-trees in the gardens appeared to have been recently cut down; the village is one entire scene of desolation. The caravanserai, which is large and in good repair, stands to the W. side, and when we arrived was crowded with travellers. The few inhabitants, who have come after the general slaughter which so recently took place, occupy some huts adjoining; but we could procure nothing from them, and were supplied with some bread and eggs by the wandering tribes. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 295 Kanaqin caravanserais (?) : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Kanaqin caravanserais (?) , Khanakin caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kanaqin caravanserais (?) « On the left bank of the Holwan are the barracks, the governor's house, some large caravanserais, the Custom-house, and a quarantine station, quarantine having just been imposed on all arrivals from Persia, giving travel and commerce a decided check. ...A large caravanserai outside the walls is used as a quarantine station, and three others are taken as lazarettos. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 63 and 70 ※ SOURCE for Khanakin caravanserai « Khanakin is a large, busy, thickly populated village full of European goods. The letter of introduction from the Agha of Kirmanshahan procured us quarters in a good but noisy caravanserai. I » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 452 Kanarattakh caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Kanarattakh caravanserai , Karavanserail Konartakhteh , Koneh Takhta caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Kanarattakh caravanserai « Kanarattakh caravanserai is one of the historical monuments of Kazerun region. This caravanserai , which dates back to the Safavid era , is located in the city of Kanar Takhteh . The materials used in the construction of this building are stone and plaster, which are used to support the roof of the Toizeh arch and the pointed arch, which is one of the characteristics of Iranian architecture » online reference link [accessed 24 May 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Konartakhteh « Karavanserail Konartakhteh (Abb. 5) (27)Lage: 22 km nordöstlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim und 23 km südwestlich des Ortes Kama-radj, in + 480 m ü. N. N., inmitten des Ortes.Typ: Ein Bau, etwa in der Größe des Karavanserails Kamaradj I.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 27 Konartakhteh wurde am 9. 11. 1990 besucht. Eine Vermessung war wegen unfreundlichen Verhaltens der Bevölkerung nicht möglich. [ 1,162 Konartakhteh Caravanserail (Fig. 5) (27)Location: 22 km northeast of the Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim Caravanserail and 23 km southwest of the village of Kamaradj, at an elevation of 480 m above sea level, in the center of the village.Type: A single structure, approximately the size of the Kamaradj I Caravanserail.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.(Fig. 27) Konartakhteh was visited on November 9, 1990. A survey was not possible due to the unfriendly behavior of the local population.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 25 ※ SOURCE for Koneh Takhta caravansera « and iD half an hour afterwards we alighted at the caravansera of Koneh Takhta, where we refreshed. This village contains only a few houses and huts, seated in the centre of a fine and extensive plain, to the north of which were large groves of trees and gardens. . From hence in two hours we came to another Rah DaD » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 343 Kanas Caravaserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Kanas Caravaserai , Karrawanfert (Oedjan) , Udjan Caravaserai , ※ SOURCE for Karrawanfert (Oedjan) « Hier is een redelyke Karrawanfert, en een groot getal roozeboomen, wokkea langs een goeden weg, vernamen veel na- tuurlyken fonteinen, en zagen ook hoog aan een berg van rood Marmer tegen een Acilte, daar omamogelyk was om by te komen, on wit kruis, synde suyt de natuur, by giffing meer dan ze voetch hoog, en van deze gedaante. [Here is a reasonable Karrawan fern, and a great number of rose trees, wokkea along a good road, heard many natural fountains, and also saw high up a mountain of red Marble against an Acilte, where it was possible to get by, a white cross, which according to nature, was by gift more than their feet high, and of this shape.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 261 ※ SOURCE for Udjan Caravaserai « Hier sahen wir überall Acker, nach dem Dorfe Udjan, das jenseits an dem Strom liegt, den man hier nur Rudchonä (Rudchânä) nannte. Der Fluß war sehr wasserreich, zweimal mehr als der bei Yezd-e Khast. Hatte hier eine Steinbrücke von 7 Bogen, woselbst die Gewässer in ver-schiedene Madi (Mâdi = Bewässerungshauptkanal) verteilt zu den verschiedenen Ackern geleitet wurden. [Here we saw fields everywhere, beyond the village of Udjan, which lies on the other side of the river, known locally simply as the Rudkhon (Rudchânä). The river was very full, twice as full as the one at Yezd-e Khast. There was a seven-arched stone bridge here, where the water was diverted into various irrigation channels (madi) to the different fields.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 93 Kangrauli : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.30423591 long 61.47281821 VARIANT names: Kangrauli , ※ SOURCE for Kangrauli « 2110. KANGRAULI Original: Lat. 35º 250 N, long. 61º 310 E approx. Map 42. Revised: 35.30423591 N, 61.47281821 E / 35º 180 15.24929184 N, 61º 280 22.14554304 E. Herat Province. Between Gulrān and the Turkmenistan frontier. Description: Ruins of an old caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 139—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 430 Kanodovan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.163927 long 51.31659 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sangi kandavan کاروانسرای سنگی کندوان VARIANT names: Die Karawanenstation Kandavan Nord , Kanodovan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Die Karawanenstation Kandavan Nord « Lage: 1 km unterhalb des Nordportals des Kandavan-Tunnels an der Straße Calus – Karadj - Teheran in +2550m ü. N.N., am Fuß des alten Serpentin-Übergangs über den m wurdePaß (heute kaum noch begeTyp: Geschlossenes Berglandkaravanserail in Hanglage, zweischiffig, mit in Ruinen erhaltenen weiteren Gebäudetei-len und Hofanlagen (Abb. 157).Abmessungen: Der überdeckte Bau hat die äußeren Ab-messungen von 23 x 10,50 m, das bebaute Gebiet hat eine Ausdehnung von 40 x 22 m. Die Innenhöhe des Gebäudes beträgt 3,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch als Ruine erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Location: 1 km below the north portal of the Kandavan Tunnel on the Calus – Karaj – Tehran road at 2550 m above sea level, at the foot of the old serpentine pass over the mountain.Type: Enclosed mountain caravanserai on a hillside, two-aisled, with other building sections and courtyards preserved in ruins (Fig. 157).Dimensions: The covered structure has external dimensions of 23 x 10.50 m, the built-up area measures 40 x 22 m. The interior height of the building is 3.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Only preserved as a ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 92 Karat serai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.560052 long 60.558071 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: outline about 40x40 m VARIANT names: Karat (Kerat) , Karat serai , ※ SOURCE for Karat (Kerat) « Karat (Kerat) (Abb. 5)60Lage: Karat, etwa 25 km südwestlich von Taybad (Taiabad), gehört wie Khargerd, Sangan-e Pa?in und Zuzan (Zawzan) zu einem Gebiet dichter seldschukischer Besied-lung und Kunstentfaltung und wird auch wirtschaftliche und damit verkehrstechnische Bedeutung seit der seld-schukischen Zeit besessen haben. Das Gebiet war bedeu-tend im West-Ost-Verkehr von Zentraliran (Esfahan - Yazd - Kerman) über Tabas - Tun (Ferdows) - Gonabad nach Herat und weiter nach Nordosten. So wird auch das sel-dschukische Minarett von Karat (Kerat) seine Nebenfunk-tion als Karawanenrichtpunkt (Mil) besessen haben. [Karat (Kerat) (Fig. 5)60 Location: Karat, about 25 km southwest of Taybad (Taiabad), like Khargerd, Sangan-e Pa?in, and Zuzan (Zawzan), belongs to an area of ??dense Seljuk settlement and artistic development and likely also possessed economic and thus logistical importance since Seljuk times. The area was significant in the west-east trade from central Iran (Isfahan - Yazd - Kerman) via Tabas - Tun (Ferdows) - Gonabad to Herat and further northeast. The Seljuk minaret of Karat (Kerat) likely also served a secondary function as a caravan landmark (Mil).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 47 ※ SOURCE for Karat serai « About 2 miles to the right is the ruined village of Karat, destroyed by Turcomans; the whole of inhabitants carried off. During the whole of to-day's 's march no water is obtainable, and no habitatfon 49n is visible from road. The road enters the hills, crosses the dry bed Jountain stream, on the bank of which is a ruined serai and well; the latter contains no water. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 49 Karavansara Sangi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: 34.7216, 50.6853,Karavansara Sangi,RHSE coordinates corrected VARIANT names: Gia farabat , Giafarabat carauasar , Karavansara Sangi , karavanserajet Schah Ferabath , Qom, Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom , Salt Mountain Caravanserai , Schach Ferabath Caravansera , Schach Ferabath Carawansera , Schaferabath Caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Gia farabat « Den 18 nådde man i tillintetgörande hetta karavanserajet Schah Ferabath, Figueroas Gia farabat, tydligen Djaferabad. [On the 18th, in scorching heat, they reached the caravanserai of Shah Ferabath, Figueroa's Gia farabat, apparently Djaferabad.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 ※ SOURCE for Giafarabat carauasar « Con la conversaçion referida y diziendose muchos cuentos á este proposito, de aparençias y visiones noturnas, se llegó á un caravasar que tiene el nonbre del monte ya dicho, poco antes de amaneçer, adonde todo el dia siguiente se pasó con terrible calor y poca comodidad de todos. ... A 9 salio el Enbaxador del carauasar de Giafarabat, aconpañandole el persiano de Saba, [With the aforementioned conversation and many tales being told on this subject, of apparitions and nocturnal visions, they arrived at a caravanserai that bears the name of the aforementioned mountain, shortly before dawn, where they spent the entire following day in terrible heat and with little comfort for all. ... At 9 o'clock the Ambassador left the caravanserai of Giafarabat, accompanied by the Persian of Saba,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 pp. 75-6 ※ SOURCE for karavanserajet Schah Ferabath « Den 18 nådde man i tillintetgörande hetta karavanserajet Schah Ferabath, Figueroas Gia farabat, tydligen Djaferabad. [On the 18th, in scorching heat, they reached the caravanserai of Shah Ferabath, Figueroa's Gia farabat, apparently Djaferabad.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 ※ SOURCE for Qom, Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom « Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom (Taf. 17,3 und 17,4 und 18,1) (Abb. 3 und 93), auch Robat Djamshid-e Djam genannt, nordwestlich von Qom48Lage: Die Ruine steht 22 km nordwestlich von Qom, am alten Weg von Saveh nach Qom über Madjidabad und am neuzeitlichen Weg von Saveh nach Qom über Aveh (Abb.3 in + 1000 m ü. N.N.Typ: Frühislamisches Robat mit Umgängen um den Hof, keine ausgeprägten Stallungen, einfache, tonnenge wölbte Kammern, große Ecktürme, kleine, massive Zwi schentürme. Der Torbau ist architektonisch nicht betont.48 Robat Qal'eh Sangi bei Qom wurde am 23. 4. 1978 vermessen und 30. 1. 1980 sowie am 9. 5. 1983 besucht. [Robat Qal'eh Sangi near Qom (Plates 17.3, 17.4, and 18.1) (Figs. 3 and 93), also called Robat Djamshid-e Djam, northwest of Qom.48Location: The ruins are located 22 km northwest of Qom, on the old road from Saveh to Qom via Majidabad and on the modern road from Saveh to Qom via Aveh (Fig. 3, at an elevation of 1000 m above sea level).Type: Early Islamic robat with ambulatory surrounding the courtyard, no distinct stables, simple, barrel-vaulted chambers, large corner towers, and small, solid intermediate towers. The gate structure is not architecturally emphasized.48 Robat Qal'eh Sangi near Qom was surveyed on April 23, 1978, and again on January 30, 1980, and May 9, 1983. visited.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 60 ※ SOURCE for Salt Mountain Caravanserai « karvansaraye kuh namak کاروانسرای کوه نمک » «Salt Mountain Caravanserai» online reference link [accessed 01 Feb 2026] ※ SOURCE for Schach Ferabath Caravansera « We stay'd there only that one day, and depar|ted thence in the evening, travelling the night following six Leagues or better, so that, the 18. by Sun-rising, we were got to a Caravansera, called Schach Ferabath. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 193 ※ SOURCE for Schach Ferabath Carawansera « On the 24 we departed from Saba, and at night set down at the Carawansera Schach Ferabath. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 308 ※ SOURCE for Schaferabath Caravansera « an. 5. we travell'd five leagues, to a Caravansera, named Schaferabath. But ere we were all got out of the Citie of Kom, we found the Sun eclips'd soon after his rising. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285 Karavansara-ye Galu : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: RHSE UFI: 249387 coordinate: lat 29.87646 long 56.279065 VARIANT names: Galuga Sarai , Galu'sefte Caravanserai , Karavansara-ye Galu , Karavanserail Khaneh Sorkh , Khan-i-Surkh caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Galuga Sarai « Galuga Sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. H-40O Mashiz} ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khaneh Sorkh « Karavanserail Khaneh Sorkh (Khan Sorkh) (Taf. 17,4) (Abb. 4; 148) (62)Lage: 26 km nordöstlich von Dardjasti, 35 km westlich von Bardsir (63), an der Straße von Kerman über Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas oder nach Shiraz, in + 2330 m ü. N.N.Typ: Vollständig durch Kuppeln und Tonnengewölbe überdecktes Bergland-Karavanserail, in den Berghang hin-eingebaut, an den Ecken der Eingangsfassade runde Türme.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 28,50 × 25,30 m, Innenhöhe 4,90 m, Fassadenhöhe 4,30 m (Abb. 149).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel und Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Relativ gut erhalten, als Schafstall genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 62 Khaneh Sorkh wurde am 16.4.1975 im Grundriß und am 12.3.1980 in Schnitten und Ansichten vermessen.fn 63 Bardsir, Pir-e Yarsudj, AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 235 f. [Caravanserail Khaneh Sorkh (Khan Sorkh) (Plate 17.4) (Fig. 4; 148) (62)Location: 26 km northeast of Darjasti, 35 km west of Bardsir (63), on the road from Kerman via Sirjan to Bandar-e Abbas or Shiraz, at an elevation of 2330 m above sea level.Type: Mountain caravanserail completely covered by domes and barrel vaults, built into the mountainside, with round towers at the corners of the entrance facade.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 28.50 × 25.30 m, internal height 4.90 m, facade height 4.30 m (Fig. 149).Building material: Fired brick and rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Relatively well preserved, used as a sheepfold.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 62 ??Khaneh Sorkh was surveyed in plan on April 16, 1975, and in sections and elevations on March 12, 1980.fn 63 Bardsir, Pir-e Yarsudj, AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 235 f.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Khan-i-Surkh caravanserai « KHAN-I-SURKH.. 27 m. 7,800'. General direction N.-E. The track lies over a plain in some parts stony, and as the mountains are approached the track becomes undulating. The route at first lies on the crest of one of the low wave-like ridges thrown out from the mountain chain in front. At 7½ miles the road descends into the dry bed of a water-course, where it becomes rather stony. The water-course is ascended; the ascent is easy and the road is good. At 11 miles a stream, with irrigation channels, is reached, where there is some cultivation. At 11½ miles the road enters into the mountains, and a mud hovel known as the Bid-i-Khwah is reached. The stream is still ascended, being closely shut in by steep hills. In the bed are a good many trees. Then a more open country, although somewhat hilly, amongst the mountains is reached. The hills are gently sloping and there is a good deal of cultivation, but there are no habitations of any kind. At 18 miles the road ascends, but the track is good. At 19½ miles the solitary caravanserai of Sang-i-Tu is passed. At 20½ miles the Gudar-i-Surkh is reached, the ascent being easy. The peak of the Küh-i-Surkh is about 400 yards distant to the E. The route descends along gently sloping hills, following the bed of a dry water-course in northerly direction. From the bed of the water-course, the point of a spur on the right is rounded, and a large valley, running N.-E. and S.-W., is gained, and immediately afterwards the caravanserai of Khan-i-Surkh. There are no habitations. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ pp. 10-11 Karavansara-ye Madar Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.013206 long 51.499239 NIMA/GNS names: Karavansara-ye Madar Shah , Karvansara-ye Madar Shah , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbas , Madar Shah , کاروانسرای شاه عباس , VARIANT names: Karavansara-ye Madar Shah , Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort , Madarshah Caravanserai , splendid caravansary , ※ SOURCE for Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort « Karavanserail Madar-e Shah bei Murcehkhort (Abb. 12; 93) (66)Lage: 10 km südlich Murcehkhort, 48 km nördlich von Esfahan (Zentrum), in +1650 m ü.N.N., etwas abseits östlich der Hauptstraße Murcehkhort - Esfahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stallabtei-lungen, Eck- und Courtinentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 86,10 x 75,20 m Außenmaße (ohne Tür-me), 49,60 x 40,60 m Hofabmessungen, 12 m Kuppelhöhe und 12,50 m Höhe des Portalbaus.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf steinverkleidetem Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist Bestandteil eines Militärlagers, in gutem Zustand, aber für Unbefugte nicht betretbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: In safavidischer Zeit errichtet.Neben dem safavidischen Karavanserail liegt ein langge-streckter, rechteckiger Bau von 52,50 x 13m, der die Zisterne und ein Badegebäude (Abb. 94) vereinigt. Die Tiefe der Zi-sterne ist unbekannt.fn 66 Siroux, Caravanserails ..., 78ff. - Der Bau ist Militärlager und nicht betretbar. [Madar-e Shah Caravanserai near Murcehkhort (Fig. 12; 93) (66)Location: 10 km south of Murcehkhort, 48 km north of Isfahan (city center), at an elevation of 1650 m above sea level, slightly off to the east of the main Murcehkhort-Isfahan road.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, six stable compartments, corner and curtain towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 86.10 x 75.20 m external dimensions (excluding towers), 49.60 x 40.60 m courtyard dimensions, 12 m dome height, and 12.50 m gatehouse height.Building material: Fired bricks on a stone-clad foundation.Architectural features and condition: The building is part of a military camp, in good condition, but inaccessible to unauthorized persons.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Constructed in the Safavid period.Next to the Safavid caravanserai lies an elongated, rectangular building measuring 52.50 x 13 meters, which houses the cistern and a bathhouse (Fig. 94). The depth of the cistern is unknown.fn 66 Siroux, Caravanserails ..., 78ff. - The structure is part of a military camp and inaccessible.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 50 ※ SOURCE for splendid caravansary « we came to the ruins of a little village, amidst which stood a splendid, though somewhat dismantled, caravansaray of the Safaví era. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 193 Karavansari-ye Gerdu Chubha : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karavansari-ye Gerdu Chubha , VARIANT names: Karavansari-ye Gerdu Chubha , Karavanserai Ahmadi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.077522 long 51.063476 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ahmadi caravanserai , Karavanserai Ahmadi , ※ SOURCE for Ahmadi caravanserai « AHMADI-LAT. 29° 5' 29" (St. John). LONG. 51° 6' E. ELEV. 70'.A village in the Dashtistān district of Färs, 9 miles east of Shif. It contains 120 houses of Dumükh, and a caravanserai with 50 rooms for travellers and accommodation for 2,000 animals; also a town for defence. The village is administratively under Büshire. The villagers cultivate wheat, barley and dates. Supplies are scanty and bad in quality and the water is brackish; animals are 20 horses, 10 mules, 200 donkeys, 100 cattle, 800 sheep and goats. (Clerk; Hardy; Pelly; Taylor; St. John; Mac Gregor. Routes in Persia. Sec. 1, Ed. 1898, Persian Gulf Gazetteer, 1908.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserai Ahmadi « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und auf vier Sei-ten durchgehender Stallanlage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße etwa 70 x 64 m, Hofabmes-sungen etwa 40 x 35 m.Baumaterial: Gemörteltes Ziegelmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist durch Mauerausbruch vollständig zerstört, an Hand der Ausbruchsgruben und der 1-2 m hohen Schuttwälle ist das Gebäudesystem noch erkennbar (Abb. 19).Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in spätsafavidischer oder in qadjarischer Zeit (19. Jahrh.) errichtet. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and a continuous stable complex on all four sides.Dimensions: External dimensions approximately 70 x 64 m, courtyard dimensionsapproximately 40 x 35 m.Building material: Mortared brickwork.Structural features and condition: The building is completely destroyed by the collapse of the walls. The building system is still recognizable from the excavation pits and the 1-2 m high rubble walls (Fig. 19).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the late Safavid or Qajar period (19th century).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 20 karavanserai eshaq khani : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Ishaq Khani Caravanserai کاروانسرای اسحاق خانی VARIANT names: Ishaq Khan Qarai caravanserai , Ishaq Khani Caravanserai , karavanserai eshaq khani , Karavanserail Sharif Abad (newer) , ※ SOURCE for Ishaq Khan Qarai caravanserai « One of these caravanserais, built by 'Is-haq Khân Qarãi, A. H. 1224, measures 72 by 33 yards, has 6 towers, and is endowed with the revenue derived from a hammām (public bath), and a quarter share of the qunat of water that supplies the village. » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 673 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sharif Abad (newer) « Karavanserail Sharif Abad (Sharifabad) (Taf. 14,4 und 15,1) (Abb. 5) (34)Lage: 3 km nordöstlich von Robat Takht-e Langar, als dessen Nachfolgebau Sharif Abad gesehen werden kanniglichen Bauwerks (links) und des jüngeren Umbaus (rechts)und mit dem es durch eine 5 m breite, gepflasterte Straße -wahrscheinlich safavidischen Ursprungs- verbunden ist. Sharif Abad liegt etwa 17 km südwestlich von Robat-e Khakestar, in +1400 m ü. N.N., an der südlichen Straße von Neyshabur nach Mashhad und an der Straße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen.Abmessungen: Unbekannt. Der Bau ist nicht vermessen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. fn 34 Sharifabad wurde am 17. 10. 1994 besucht. [Sharif Abad Caravanserail (Sharifabad) (Plates 14.4 and 15.1) (Fig. 5) (34)Location: 3 km northeast of Robat Takht-e Langar, which can be seen as the successor to Sharif Abad.The original structure (left) and the later reconstruction (right)and to which it is connected by a 5 m wide paved road—probably of Safavid origin. Sharif Abad is located about 17 km southwest of Robat-e Khakestar, at an elevation of 1400 m above sea level, on the southern road from Neyshabur to Mashhad and on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans.Dimensions: Unknown. The structure has not been surveyed.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved and used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 34 Sharifabad was visited on October 17, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 36 Karavanserail 1, 34km westlich von Khoy : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.44249 long 44.691566 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not visible VARIANT names: Karavanserail 1, 34km westlich von Khoy , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 1, 34km westlich von Khoy « Karavanserail 1, 34km westlich von Khoy (Abb. 4 und 27)25Lage: Das Karavanserail (Taf. 2,3) steht 34 km westlich von Khoy, am Wege nach Qotur und weiter nach Van, neben der Eisenbahnstrecke Teheran - Tabriz - Van - Ankara Istanbul.Typ: Fünfschiffiges, tonnengewölbtes Bergland-Kara-vanserail mit zwei etwa quadratischen Räumen, die den Ein-gang flankieren. Breite Durchgänge verbinden die einzelnen Schiffe. Runde Nischen bilden Kamine. Eingang im Süden.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 26,80 × 27,25 m, die Breite der Schiffe beträgt 4 m, die des Mittelschiffes 3,50 m, die Mauerstärke 1,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, in Kalkmörtel auf-geführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist nur leicht beschädigt, aber zu etwa zwei Drittel seiner Höhe mit zähem Schlamm zugeschwemmt.Inschriften: sind nicht vorhanden.Datierung: Der Bau ist in safavidischer Zeit errichtet worden. [Caravanserail 1, 34 km west of Khoy (Figs. 4 and 27)25Location: The caravanserail (Plates 2 and 3) is located 34 km west of Khoy, on the road to Qotur and onward to Van, next to the Tehran–Tabriz–Van–Ankara–Istanbul railway line.Type: Five-aisled, barrel-vaulted mountain caravanserail with two approximately square rooms flanking the entrance. Wide passageways connect the individual aisles. Round niches form fireplaces. Entrance on the south side.Dimensions: External dimensions 26.80 × 27.25 m, the width of the aisles is 4 m, the width of the central aisle is 3.50 m, the wall thickness is 1.20 m.Building material: Rubble masonry set in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The building is only slightly damaged, but approximately two-thirds of its height is covered with thick mud.Inscriptions: None present.Dating: The building was erected during the Safavid period.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 26 Karavanserail 10 km südlich von Kashan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.916397 long 51.526406 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail 10 km südlich von Kashan , Sarai Haji Abdul Qasim , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 10 km südlich von Kashan « Karavanserail 10 km südlich von Kashan (Taf. 20,1.2) (Abb. 12;160) (95)Lage: 10 km südlich von Kashan an der Asphaltstraße nach Na?anz, in +990 m ü.N.N., 64 km nordwestlich von Natanz.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei gegenüberliegenden Iwanen und einem iwanartigen Zugang zu den Stallungen, zwei Wohnhöfen, runden Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portal-bau.Abmessungen: 46,50 x 41,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 19 x 18 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 160). Portalhöhe 5,30 m (Abb. 161).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel (21/21/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.In der Ruine wurden Keramikreste großer, innen türkis-farben glasierter Schüsseln und der Hals eines Kruges aus hellgelbbraunem Ton (Abb. 162) gefunden.fn 95 Der Bau wurde am 23. 2. 1984 vermessen. [Caravanserai 10 km south of Kashan (Plate 20.1.2) (Figs. 12; 160) (95)Location: 10 km south of Kashan on the asphalt road to Na?anz, at 990 m above sea level, 64 km northwest of Na?anz.Type: Farmstead with two opposing iwans and an iwan-like entrance to the stables, two residential courtyards, round corner towers, and a projecting gateway.Dimensions: 46.50 x 41.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 19 x 18 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 160). Gateway height 5.30 m (Fig. 161).Building material: Mud bricks (21/21/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.Ceramic fragments of large bowls with turquoise glaze on the inside and the neck of a jug made of light yellowish-brown clay (Fig. 162) were found in the ruins.fn 95 The structure was surveyed on February 23, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 85 ※ SOURCE for Sarai Haji Abdul Qasim « Sarai Haji Abdul Qasim » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 9 Tehran 1917} Karavanserail 16 km östlich von Shiraz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.61606 long 52.700781 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail 16 km östlich von Shiraz , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 16 km östlich von Shiraz « Karavanserail 16 km östlich von Shiraz (Taf. 17,2) (Abb. 5; 156) 107Lage: 16 km östlich von Shiraz, in + 1810 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Sirdjan und Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und zwei klei-nen Stallabteilungen. Besser als Karawanenstation zu be-zeichnen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 24 × 23 m, Hofabmessun-gen 14,70 × 11,80 m, Mauern bis zu 1,80 m hoch erhalten. Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört oder stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 107 Das Karavanserail wurde am 7. 5. 1991 vermessen. [Caravanserail 16 km east of Shiraz (Plate 17.2) (Fig. 5; 156) 107Location: 16 km east of Shiraz, at an elevation of 1810 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Sirdjan and Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans and two small stable sections. More accurately described as a caravan station.Dimensions: External dimensions 24 × 23 m, courtyard dimensions 14.70 × 11.80 m, walls preserved up to a height of 1.80 m. Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Destroyed down to the foundations or severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 107 The caravanserail was surveyed on 7 May 1991.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 88 Karavanserail 20 km westlich von Shiraz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.614522 long 52.33066 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail 20 km westlich von Shiraz , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 20 km westlich von Shiraz « Karavanserail 20 km westlich von Shiraz (Abb. 5; 68) (51)Lage: 20 km westlich von Shiraz (Zentrum) und 27 km östlich von Khaneh Zenyan, in + 1710 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bushehr nach Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Portal.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 38 × 34,70 m, Hofabmes-sungen 28,50 × 24,50 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel (22 × 22 × 5 cm) und Stampflehm, unter Verwendung von Bruchsteinen als Fun-damentlage.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die un-teren Mauerteile zerstört und erodiert.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 51 Die Ruine wurde am 22.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravanserail 20 km west of Shiraz (Figs. 5; 68) (51)Location: 20 km west of Shiraz (city center) and 27 km east of Khaneh Zenyan, at an elevation of 1710 m above sea level, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with a single entrance.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 38 × 34.70 m, courtyard dimensions 28.50 × 24.50 m.Building material: Mud bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm) and rammed earth, using rubble stone as a foundation.Structural features and condition: Destroyed and eroded except for the lower sections of the walls.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 51 The ruin was surveyed on September 22, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 43 Karavanserail 28 km westlich von Shiraz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.625006 long 52.243724 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail 28 km westlich von Shiraz , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 28 km westlich von Shiraz « Karavanserail 28 km westlich von Shiraz (Abb. 5; 65) (48)Lage: 28 km westlich von Shiraz (Zentrum), 19 km öst-lich von Khaneh Zenyan, in + 1930 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bushehr nach Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und einem Portal.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 32 × 31,50 m, Hofabmessungen 16,50 x 16 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Unklar, vielleicht safavidisch.fn 48 Die Ruine wurde am 22.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravanserail 28 km west of Shiraz (Figs. 5; 65) (48)Location: 28 km west of Shiraz (city center), 19 km eastof Khaneh Zenyan, at an elevation of 1930 m above sea level, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and a portal.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 32 × 31.50 m, courtyard dimensions 16.50 × 16 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Destroyed down to the foundations.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Unclear, perhaps Safavid.fn 48 The ruin was surveyed on September 22, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 41 Karavanserail 8 km östlich von Bedasht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.436133 long 55.122612 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail 8 km östlich von Bedasht , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 8 km östlich von Bedasht « Karavanserail 8 km östlich von Bedasht (Taf. 34,1) (Abb. 7 and 200)(92) an der alten KhorassanstraßeLage: In der Hochebene in + 1240 m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-ngen, runden Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 60 x 60 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-), 32 x 32 m Hofabmessungen (Schrittmaße) und erhaltene andhöhe bis zu 3 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch im indrifß erkennbar, mit partiell anstehenden Wandteilen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 92Die Ruine wurde am 19. 5. 1994 aufgenommen. [Caravanserai 8 km east of Bedasht (Plate 34.1) (Figs. 7 and 200) (92) on the old Khorasan roadLocation: On the plateau at 1240 m above sea levelType: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, round corner towers, and a projecting entrance hall.Dimensions: 60 x 60 m external dimensions (excluding overhangs), 32 x 32 m courtyard dimensions (pace), and preserved wall height up to 3 m.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: Only recognizable in the interior, with partially standing wall sections.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Probably Safavid to Qajar.fn 92The ruin was photographed on 19 May 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 110 Karavanserail Ab-e Germ : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.540204 long 53.763248 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Ab-e Germ , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ab-e Germ « Karavanserail Ab-e Germ (Abb. 7 und 169) (81), an der südli chen Route von Semnan über Hekatompylos (Shahr-e Qumis) nach DamghanLage: Ab-e Germ, ein Bahnhof an der Bahnstrecke von Teheran nach Mashhad, liegt 46 km östlich von Semnan. Das überlieferte Karavanserail ist vollständig zerstört.81 Die Strecke von Semnan über Ab-e Germ (Bahnhof) bis Ahuan wurd am 8. 6. 1995 befahren. [Ab-e Germ Caravanserail (Figs. 7 and 169) (81), on the southern route from Semnan via Hekatompylos (Shahr-e Qumis) to DamghanLocation: Ab-e Germ, a railway station on the Tehran-Mashhad line, is located 46 km east of Semnan. The caravanserail is completely destroyed.81 The route from Semnan via Ab-e Germ (railway station) to Ahuan was traversed on June 8, 1995.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 94 Karavanserail Ab-e Germ : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.142181 long 52.876386 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Akbar Abad , Carvanfera Mazaffri , Carvanfera Mozaffri , Chesimon moddafar , Cramasera muyto grande (Rebelo) , Karavanserail Ab-e Germ , Karavanserail Moſe Faril , Karavanserail Moſefarie , large carauasar , Mazafri , Moeſafari , Moffe-farie , Moozaferie , Mosaffry , Moúnzaferri caravansérail , Mouza fari , Mouzafferi , Mouzeferi , Mouzeferi , Mozaferi , Mufiſeri , Musaferree , Musafiri , Mussaferry , Musubecky , Myrsa Feri , third Caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Akbar Abad « Persian text omitted. Akbar AbadThey move from Abbas Abad to Akbar Abad, it is five farsakhs and it is flat. There is no water across the road in Akbarabad, there are no castles, houses or dwellings. It is the water of the well. » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 585 ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Mazaffri « 9 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 384 ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Mozaffri « 21 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Chesimon moddafar « The fourth day we came to a faire Can, called Chesimon moddafar and the same day wee had raine. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461 ※ SOURCE for Cramasera muyto grande (Rebelo) « Deste Albergue nos levamos a horas de vespora, e fomos dormir dahi a tres Legoas, donde ao seguinte dia de madrugada, levamos a Cafila, indoa meter em hum Cramasera muyto grande, e fresco, e fermozo e com muyto apozentos assim p. a gente, como para as cavalgaduras, onde achamos o Judeu, que de nos se tinha apartado para vir descançar o Sabado; [We left this hostel at dawn and went to sleep three leagues away. From there, at dawn the next day, we took the Cafila and put it in a very large, cool, and beautiful hut with plenty of room for the people and for the horses, where we found the Jew who had left us to come and rest on Saturday.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 114 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ab-e Germ « Karavanserail Ab-e Germ (Taf. 21,4) (Abb. 5; 183) (127)Lage: 40 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Bid Zard, 27 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Ali Abad, in + 1440 m ü. N.N., an der Hauptkarawanenstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Die Reste einer Be- festigung liegen auf einem vorgelagerten Felshügel unmittel- bar nördlich des Karavanserails; auf dem 2 km südwestlich gelegenen Felshügel befinden sich die Mauerreste der eisen- zeitlichen Befestigung Qal'eh Tall-e Kabud. Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, fünf Stallabtei- ungen, vier runden Innenräumen sowie Rundtürmen an den Gebäudeecken und als Torflankierung (Abb. 184).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 65 x 8,50 m, Hofabmessungen 40 x 40 m. Die Gebäudehöhe ist mit 5,90 m rekonstruierbar (Abb. 185).fn. 127 Das Karavanserail wurde am 25. 9. 1992 vermessen. - Zu Qal'eh Talle Kabud, eine eisenzeitliche Befestigung südlich von Shiraz, Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, Festschrift für Rainer Michael Boehmer (Mainz 1995) 289 ff. [Karavanserail Ab-e Germ (Plate 21.4) (Fig. 5; 183) (127)Location: 40 km southeast of the Bid Zard caravanserail, 27 km northwest of the Ali Abad caravanserail, at + 1440 m above sea level. N.N., on the main caravan route from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The remains of a fortification lie on a rocky hill immediately north of the caravanserail; On the rocky hill 2 km to the southwest are the remains of the wall of the Iron Age fortification Qal'eh Tall-e Kabud. Type: Court caravan serail with four iwans, five stable compartments, four round interior rooms and round towers at the corners of the building and as gate flanking (Fig. 184).Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 65 x 8.50 m, courtyard dimensions 40 x 40 m. The building height can be reconstructed at 5.90 m (Fig. 185).fn. 127 The caravanserail was measured on September 25, 1992. - On Qal'eh Talle Kabud, an Iron Age fortification south of Shiraz, contributions to the cultural history of the Near East, Festschrift for Rainer Michael Boehmer (Mainz 1995) 289 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 102 and 104 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Moſe Faril « Den 20. dito, na 7½ mylen rydens, quam zyn Ed: in de Karrawaanſera Moſe Faril. [The 20th ditto, after 7½ miles of riding, near his Ed: in the Karrawaanſera Moſe Faril.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Moſefarie « Den 3. dito quam zyn Ed: na zons opgang in de Karrawaanſera Moſefarie, [In the 3rd state: in the opposite zone in the Karrawaansera Mosefarie,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274 ※ SOURCE for large carauasar « A 20, se caminó otra gran jornada, parte della portierra muy aspera y seca, hallando solamente junto alcamino algunos grandes lentiscos, y antes que anocheçiese llegó la carauana á un caravasar mayor que nin guno de quantos se auian visto, porque demas de te ner mayor patio y mas número de alcobas y aposentos,era de muy altas y gruesas paredes de piedra, con dostorreones á entranbos lados de la puerta y otros qua tro á las quatro esquinas, todos con sus saeteras, desuerte que representaua la forma de una gran fortaleza, y ansi se labró para este fin, para siguridad de las carauanas de mercaderes y se pudiesen defender de los muchos ladrones que otras vezes solian saltear y correr estos campos. [At 20, another long day was walked, part of it over very rough and dry land, finding only some large mastic trees along the road, and before nightfall the carauana arrived at a caravanserai larger than any that had ever been seen, because more than having a larger patio and a greater number of bedrooms and chambers, it had very high and thick stone walls, with two towers on either side of the door and another four at the four corners, all with their loopholes, so that it represented the form of a great fortress, and so it was built for this purpose, to protect the carauanas of merchants and to be able to defend themselves from the many thieves who once used to jump and run through these fields.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 pp. 323-4 ※ SOURCE for Mazafri « Mazafri » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} ※ SOURCE for Moeſafari « Wy hielden ons verblyf in een goede Karrawanfera Moeſafari genaamd; dog cenzaam, en zagen in de voornoemde Valey veel dorpen en geboomte.. Hier heeft men moeraflige ricvieren, alwaar eenige Carpers, redelyk groot, met een augel-roede gevangen wierden. [We stayed in a good Karrawanfera called Muſafari; very slowly, and saw many villages and trees in the aforementioned valley. Here there are swampy rivers, where some carp, quite large, were caught with a fishing rod.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Moffe-farie « Nous continuames notre voyage le lendemain après-midi,arrivâmes fur les 9. heures au Caravanserai de Moffe-farie. [We continued our journey the next afternoon, and arrived around 9 o'clock at the Caravanserai of Moffe-farie. ] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 512 ※ SOURCE for Moozaferie « The 26th we sett forward over a litI hill, and afterwardes came to a plain more plesant in sight and for to travell but not soe well waterd as the playne of Siras, yet ther is a tanck at the on end weh hath admirable god water; this playne in length is 6 lges. and in bredth 3 lges. Here wepicht in a caravansero named Moozaferie [Muzaffariya],haueing traveled 6 1ges. of very fayrewaye. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 79 ※ SOURCE for Mosaffry « Den 5den dito geraekten ongeveer met den middagh ruym vijff mijlen verder, in den wegh bij verscheyde hoopen ontrent 200 Insteselen ontmoet hebbende, in de carewansera van redelije gemack Mosaffry, (1) f. n. 1 Müzaffarabad op de Simla kaart, dat is dan Muzaffir de over-winnaar of met een, zooals in het verbaal gespeld, reiziger; en abad=woonplaats (als abode, Eng.) De overleden Shah Muzaffir-ed-din=de overwinnaar (in dienst) van het geloof. Alle reizigers vermeldendeze plaats en de karavanserai met veel lof. Tavernier vond er, voor deneersten keer in Perzie, zwarte truffels (in onderscheiding van de witte,die er veelvuldig voorkomen, doch wier smaak niet op die van dezwarte gelijkt.) [On the 5th we reached about five miles further at about noon, having met several heaps of about 200 Insteselen in the road, in the carewansera of reasonable ease Mosaffry, (1)f. n. 1 Müzaffarabad on the Simla map, that is Muzaffir the victor or with a, as verbally spelled, traveler; and abad= residence (as abode, Eng.) The late Shah Muzaffir-ed-din= the conqueror (in service) of the faith. All travelers mention this place and the caravanserai with great praise. Tavernier found, for the first time in Persia, black truffles (in distinction from the white ones, which are common there, but whose taste does not resemble that of the black ones.)] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 82 ※ SOURCE for Moúnzaferri caravansérail « Nous passons auprès d'un caravansérail tombant en ruines; son nom est celui du village de Moúnzaferri, qui en est à une farseng. Vis-à-vis de ce caravansérail, à quelques pas, coule une eau extrêmement chaude, qui lui fait donner aussi le nom d'ab-guerm (1). On voit dans le lointain, sur une butte à l'ouest, le village d'Abadè. Après avoir eu toujours un chemin uni et quitté ensuite la grande route, nous prenons un sentier qui conduit à Moûnzaferri, et nous y arrivons à cinq heures et demie du soir. Ce village dé- pend d'un district, dont le chef-lieu est Kie- var (2), qui est éloigné d'une farseng à l'ouest. Moûnzaferri renferme cont familles qui jouis- sent toutes d'une honnête aisance.fn. 1 Eau thermale.fn. 2 Les villages compris dans le distrcit de Kievarsont:(A la gauche de la vallée.)Deuwlet-Abåd,Tchabaroumi,Abadè,Ekievoûn,Parmichkhoûn,Deh-Echi,Moûnzaferri,Kormai,Parou,Deh-chté,Novrissoûn,Dachtek,Kievar (*),Ziguierd,Tchiega,Kale-Mollah-Nassir-Ali.Bagou,(A la droite de la vallée.)Boureki-Aga-Djiemål,Boureki-bala.(*) La rivière de Kâfre passe à un quart de lieue de ce village, ainsi que de Novristoán. [We pass by a caravanserai falling into ruins; its name is that of the village of Moúnzaferri, which is a farseng away. Opposite this caravanserai, a few steps away, flows an extremely hot water, which also gives it the name of ab-guerm (1). We see in the distance, on a hillock to the west, the village of Abadè. After having always followed a smooth road and then leaving the main road, we take a path which leads to Moûnzaferri, and we arrive there at half past five in the evening. This village depends on a district, whose chief town is Kiev (2), which is a farseng away to the west. Moûnzaferri contains two families who all enjoy a decent comfort.fn. 1 Thermal water.fn. 2 The villages included in the Kievar district are: (To the left of the valley.) Deuwlet-Abåd, Tchabaroumi, Abadè, Ekievoûn, Parmichkhoûn, Deh-Echi, Moûnzaferri, Kormai, Parou, Deh-chté, Novrissoûn, Dachtek, Kievar (*), Ziguierd, Kale-Mollah-Nassir-A, li.Bagou, (To the right of the valley.) Boureki-Aga-Djiemål, Boureki-bala.(*) The Kâfre river passes a quarter of a league from this village, as well as from Novristoán.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 pp. 460-1 ※ SOURCE for Mouza fari « Le caravanserai où je logeai, se nomme Mouza fari (2). Il est spacieux et fort commode, situé au pied d'une éminence, à trente pas d'un gros ruisseau, qui sort des montagnes voisines,fn. (2) Le käravansér?y Mouzaffary, c'est-à-dire, dont le fon- dateur se nommoit Mouzafier, est mentionné avec une orthegro phe plus ou moins altérée par C. Le Brayn, Thévenot, etc. (L-s.) [The caravanserai where I stayed is called Mouza fari (2). It is spacious and very convenient, located at the foot of an eminence, thirty steps from a large stream, which flows from the neighboring mountains, fn. (2) The käravansér?y Mouzaffary, that is to say, whose founder was named Mouzafier, is mentioned with a more or less altered spelling by C. Le Brayn, Thévenot, etc. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 460 ※ SOURCE for Mouzafferi « Le lendemain je partis au jour et arrivai à un carvansera qui est grand et bien bati, mais seul et éloigné des villages. Il s'appelle Mouzafferi, et c'est le seul lieu de la Perse où j'aie trouvé des trufles noires, aussi grosses et aussi bonnes que nos trufles de Dauphiné. [The next day I left at daylight and arrived at a carvansera which is large and well built, but alone and far from the villages. It's called Mouzafferi, and it's the only place in Persia where I found black truffles, as big and as good as our Dauphiné truffles.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 310 ※ SOURCE for Mouzeferi « Six in the Morning, and marched South-East in a great green Plain, full of Heath, where we faw on both hands feveral Villages, and a great many Flocks of Sheep feeding: having Travelled there till half an hour after two in the Afternoon, we arrived at a Kervanjeray, flanding by it felf, and called Mouzeferi, ſeven Agatfeb from Baba-Adgi » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 127 ※ SOURCE for Mouzeferi « we arrived at a Kervanʃeray, ſtanding by it ſelſ, and called Mouzeferi, ſeven Agaisch fromBaba-Adgi, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 127 ※ SOURCE for Mozaferi « After we had passed some stony hills at the 24th hour, we dismounted to eat. Then we continued until the fourth hour of the night when we stopped at the caravanserai Muzaffari, which is rather large. (27) We could get no fruit because the town was far away. fn. 27. Bembo gives the name "Mozaferi." He and his companions are approaching Shiraz from the southeast, and his route is taking him between the ruins of two great Sasanian (C. A.D. 250651) palaces, Sarvestan and Firuzabad, neither of which be mentions. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 297 ※ SOURCE for Mufiſeri « Avendo ſmarrita la ſtrada in vicinanza del Karvanſerà, ne facemmo condurre dauna guida, e così fmontammo nel Karvanſerà di Mufiſeri dopo 20. miglia, e ſette ore di ſtrada; benche per lo cam mino ordinario vi fiano 25. miglia dal Karvanſerà di Babagi. [Having missed the road in the vicinity of the Karvanſerà, we had a guide lead us, and so we mounted the Karvanſerà of Mufiſeri after 20 miles, and ſseven hours of road; although by the ordinary route it is 25. miles from the Karvanſerà of Babagi.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Musaferree « 22nd [February]. In the morning sett out for Musaferree, 7 farsangs, good way except for a farang at the begining w[h]ere you goe over a small hill, and little stoney way in sight of Bobalodge. Arrived about 2 afternoon. note: Diary of 22 February 1707/8. Musaferree. Muzaffarî. See Fryer, II, 208, n. 2. At "Mosse-ferrie," Le Bruyn, who arrived there at nine at night in August 1705, "went a fishing with flambeaux and caught some carp and cray fish" (II, 64). On his second visit in November 1706, he found "so much company" at "Moesa-farie "that "there was not room to lodge above half of them tho' the Caravanserai is very large and commodious" (II, 137). » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47 ※ SOURCE for Musafiri « (19) to Musafiri 5 farsakhs. A caravansarai at the foot of a mountain. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes ※ SOURCE for Mussaferry « F'rom hence to Mussaferry (2) we toiled through rugged and uneasy Ways to a very splendid Caravan Ser Raw, some Fourteen Miles more, where we took our Rest: fn. 2 Mazafri of Wilson’s map. “ Mouzafferi, and it is the only place in Persia where I met with black Saligots, or water-nuts, as big and as good as those in Dauphine ” (Tavernier, 257). Hedges (i, 207) calls it Mussaferee. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 208 ※ SOURCE for Musubecky « Gegen Musubecky ist alles verwildet / und ein gar langes Steinnachtiges Ges burg. [Towards Musubecky everything is wild / and a very long stone night castle.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Myrsa Feri « den 9. Dez. zur Karawanserei Myrsa Feri (Mirså Farid) (?) ... Links am Beginn des Berges lag eine Karawanserei mit dem Namen Mirså Seri (Ssåri). [December 9th to the caravanserai Myrsa Feri (Mirså Farid) (?) ... To the left at the beginning of the mountain was a caravanserai called Mirså Seri (Ssåri). ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for third Caravansera « I left it the fifth of February, and passed by two Caravanseras, and took up my lodging at the third, having travell'd that day ten Leagues, through a fair even way. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4 Karavanserail Abid Serail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207234 , Karavanserail Abid Serail , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207234 EAMENA-0207234 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Abid Serail « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen Iwane die Eingänge zu den Stallungen in den beiden Seitenflügeln bilden (Abb. 178).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37.30 × 33,10 m, Hofab-messungen 20,70 x 12m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 5 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 5.90 m. [ 521 Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, the two side iwans forming the entrances to the stables in the two side wings (Fig. 178).Dimensions: External dimensions 37.30 × 33.10 m, courtyard dimensions 20.70 × 12 m, height of courtyard facades 5 m, height of entrance facade 5.90 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 101 Karavanserail Absalu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.557128 long 52.93055 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Absalu , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Absalu « Karavanserail Absalu (Ab Zalu?) (Taf. 18,1.2) (Abb. 5; 159) 110Lage: 40 km östlich von Shiraz und 43 km westlich von Kherameh (58 km westlich des Karavanserails Divdan), in +1630 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Sirdjan und Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit dezentralem Eingang, Stal-lungen und Wohnräumen - auf vier Seiten unregelmäßig an-einandergereiht, mit einem zweiräumigen Anbau an der süd-lichen Außenecke.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 40,50 × 39 m, Hofabmes-sungen 30,50 × 29 m und eine rekonstruierbare, lichte Raum-höhe von etwa 3,80 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark ver-fallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Der Gendarmerie-Wachtturm steht auf einer Felshöhe südlich des Karavanserails und war zweistöckig, mit einer oberen Wehrplattform (Taf. 18,2). fn 110 Das Karavanserail wurde am 10. 3. 1992 vermessen. [Absalu Caravanserail (Ab Zalu?) (Plate 18.1.2) (Fig. 5; 159) 110Location: 40 km east of Shiraz and 43 km west of Kherameh (58 km west of the Divdan Caravanserail), at an elevation of 1630 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Sirdjan and Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with a separate entrance, stables, and living quarters arranged irregularly on four sides, with a two-room extension at the southern outer corner.Dimensions: External dimensions 40.50 × 39 m, courtyard dimensions 30.50 × 29 m, and a reconstructible clear ceiling height of approximately 3.80 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.The gendarmerie watchtower stands on a rocky outcrop south of the caravanserail and was two stories high, with an upper defensive platform (Plate 18.2).fn 110 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 10, 1992.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 89 Karavanserail Ahang : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.339188 long 58.263207 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Ahang , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ahang « Karavanserail Ahang (Taf. 25.3) (Abb. 5 und 70)Lage: 7 km südlich Karavanserail Sinabad und 21 km nördlich Karavanserail Borun, an der Straße von Badjestan nach Ferdows (Tun).Typ: Kleiner gedeckter Bau mit drei Kuppelgewölben.Abmessungen: 15 x 10m Außenmaße ohne Portalvor-sprung. Gebäudehöhe 4,90 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Großes Ober-licht in der Gebäudemitte.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: In qadjarischer Zeit als Zwischenkaravan-serail erbaut. [Caravanserai Ahang (Plate 25.3) (Figs. 5 and 70)Location: 7 km south of the Sinabad Caravanserai and 21 km north of the Borun Caravanserai, on the road from Badjestan to Ferdows (Tun).Type: Small covered building with three domed vaults.Dimensions: 15 x 10 m external dimensions without the portal projection. Building height 4.90 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Large skylight in the center of the building.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built in the Qajar period as an intermediate caravanserai.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 Karavanserail Alhaq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.366435 long 56.257901 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Alhaq , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Alhaq « Karavanserail Alhaq an der Khorassanstraße (Taf. 38,4) (Abb.7 und 226) (101)Lage: 23 km östlich von Miyandasht und 15 km west-lich Abbasabad, in + 1010m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, achteckigem Hof, umlaufendem Stall, der im Nordflügel geteilt ist, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 47,50 × 47,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), 16,20 mHofweite und 8 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 227).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 101 Karavanserail Alhaq wurde am 19. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Alhaq Caravanserail on the Khorasan Road (Plate 38.4) (Figs. 7 and 226) (101)Location: 23 km east of Miyandasht and 15 km west of Abbasabad, at an elevation of 1010 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, an octagonal courtyard, a surrounding stable divided in the north wing, round corner and intermediate towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 47.50 × 47.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 16.20 mcourtyard width and 8 m height of the gatehouse (Fig. 227).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Fn 101 Caravanserail Alhaq was surveyed on October 19, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 122 Karavanserail Aminabad bei Firuzkuh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.682661 long 52.564476 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat sangy amyne abad رباط سنگي امين آباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Aminabad bei Firuzkuh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aminabad bei Firuzkuh « Karavanserail Aminabad bei Firuzkuh (Abb. 155 und 194) (132) Lage: 27km südwestlich von Firuzkuh, an der Straße von Teheran über Firuzkuh nach Sari.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit zweischiffi-gem Stallteil und vier Unterkunftsräumen.Abmessungen: 26,70 × 11,10 m, Raumhöhe 4,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 132 Aminabad wurde am 14. 5. 1978 vermessen. [Caravanserail Aminabad near Firuzkuh (Figs. 155 and 194) (132)Location: 27 km southwest of Firuzkuh, on the road from Tehran via Firuzkuh to Sari.Type: Covered mountain caravanserail with a two-aisled stable section and four living quarters.Dimensions: 26.70 × 11.10 m, ceiling height 4.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 132 Aminabad was surveyed on May 14, 1978.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 114 Karavanserail an der Bahnlinie Varamin - Garmsar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.179961 long 52.178409 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail an der Bahnlinie Varamin - Garmsar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail an der Bahnlinie Varamin - Garmsar « Karavanserail an der Bahnlinie Varamin - Garmsar (Taf. 21,4 und 22, 1) (Abb. 7 und 117)5%Lage: 35 km östlich der Karawanenstation Kavir und 17 km westlich von Garmsar, in + 750 m ü. N.N. am Nordrand der Kavir.Typ: Dreischiffiger, tonnengewölbter Bau mit einem Eingang, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen (Abb. 118).Abmessungen: 13,50 × 13,30 m (ohne Turmvorsprünge) Außenmaße, Innenraumhöhe 3,30 m, äußere Höhe ungefähr 4,30 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in spätsafavidischer bis frühqadjarischer Zeit errichtet. [Caravanserai on the Varamin-Garmsar railway line (Plates 21.4 and 22.1) (Figs. 7 and 117)Location: 35 km east of the Kavir caravan station and 17 km west of Garmsar, at an elevation of 750 m above sea level on the northern edge of the Kavir River.Type: Three-aisled, barrel-vaulted structure with one entrance and round corner and intermediate towers (Fig. 118).Dimensions: 13.50 × 13.30 m (excluding tower projections) exterior dimensions, interior height 3.30 m, exterior height approximately 4.30 m.Building material: Rubble stone in mortar.Structural features and condition: The building is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the late Safavid to early Qajar period.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 72 Karavanserail Anveh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.393753 long 54.283581 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Anveh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Anveh « Karavanserail Anveh (Abb. 8)In Anveh, 43 km nördlich von Bastak und 71 km süd-lich von Lar, steht ein größeres qadjarisches Karavan-serail(130).fn 130 Das Karavanserail stand am 14.3.1986 in Verbindung mit einer Gen-darmeriestation und konnte daher nicht vermessen werden. Maßan-gaben liegen nicht vor. [Anveh Caravanserail (Fig. 8)In Anveh, 43 km north of Bastak and 71 km south of Lar, stands a large Qajar caravanserail (130).fn 130 The caravanserail was connected to a gendarmerie station on March 14, 1986, and therefore could not be surveyed. No measurements are available.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 137 Karavanserail Ardakan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.322869 long 54.010374 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: requires confirmation of location as building substantially different in appearance but has the dimensions 66x66m and the abanbar at the side VARIANT names: Ardakan caravanserai , Karavanserail Ardakan , ※ SOURCE for Ardakan caravanserai « Le caravansérail d' Ardakan édifié en 1 8 1 7-:1818 par un riche marchand de Yezd (Arba.b Ka ssem Rec hti , Tadj er yazdi) forme , avec la citerne qu i lui fai t vis~à-vis, un bel ense mble d'allure classique certainement influencé par des ouvrages de la même famille que Zawareh. Si les dis po siti ons es sentielles so nt quasi safawi des (ve stibul e, entrée d es écuries) , la m ise en oeuvr e n 'a pas la même qualité : on -peut en juger par les vofttes ineptes et for t dangereuses q ui couvrent le s angles d es écuries (fig. 44) . L'endroit est extrêmement chaud, c'est p ourquoi l'un d es eïwans abrite une sa lle fraiche immédiatement située sous une tour à vent " bâd-gir " , comme il est d'usage en ces province s (voir plus lo in au chapitr e : "Ab-ambar, descr iption des bâd-girs ", fi g . 45) . Tenant toujo u~s compte d es inconvénients l ocaux (mouch es inn ombrables ) , les latrines bien placées sont puiss amment ventilées . [The Ardakan caravanserai, built between 1817 and 1818 by a wealthy merchant from Yezd (Arba.b Kassem Rechti, Tadj er Yazdi), forms, with the cistern opposite it, a handsome ensemble in a classical style, certainly influenced by works of the same family as Zawareh. While the essential features are almost Safavid (vestibule, entrance to the stables), the execution is not of the same quality: this can be seen from the inept and very dangerous vaults that cover the corners of the stables (fig. 44). The place is extremely hot, which is why one of the eiwans houses a cool room immediately located under a wind tower, a "bâd-gir," as is customary in these provinces (see further in the chapter: "Ab-ambar, description of the bâd-girs," Fig. 45). Always taking into account the local inconveniences (countless flies), the well-placed latrines are powerfully ventilated.] » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 83 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ardakan « Karavanserail Ardakan (Abb. 4; 27)12Lage: 41 km südöstlich von Aqda, 12 km nördlich Meybod und 25 km nördlich von Hadjiabad, an der Straße von Na'in über Ardakan (nicht über Meybod) nach Yazd, in +1050 m ü. N.N. und an der Ost-West-Verbindung Tabas-Ardakan-Esfahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallab-teilungen und Außenarkaden auf zwei Seiten. Der Bau hat 10 Toiletteneinheiten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 66 × 65,60 m, Hofabmes-sungen 34,70 × 34,70 m, Höhenmaße sind nicht bekannt. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Dem Portal gegenüber steht in der Gebäudeachse eine Zisterne mit Vorraum. Das Karavanserail ist gut erhalten und wird als Lagerraum genutzt.Inschriften: Bauinschrift: Die Anlage wurde von einem Bazarhändler (1817/18) erbaut.Datierung: Qadjarisch.fn 12 M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 83 f. [Ardakan Caravanserai (Fig. 4; 27)12Location: 41 km southeast of Aqda, 12 km north of Meybod, and 25 km north of Hajibad, on the road from Na'in via Ardakan (not via Meybod) to Yazd, at an elevation of 1050 m above sea level, and on the east-west route Tabas-Ardakan-Esfahan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, and exterior arcades on two sides. The building has 10 toilet units.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 66 × 65.60 m, courtyard dimensions 34.70 × 34.70 m, height unknown.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Opposite the entrance, in line with the building, is a cistern with an antechamber. The caravanserail is well-preserved and used for storage.Inscriptions: Construction inscription: The structure was built by a bazaar merchant (1817/18).Dating: Qajar.fn 12 M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 83 f.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 26 Karavanserail Asemungerd : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, possible centre of location area at coordinate: lat 28.918675 long 53.298904 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Asman Gard , Asmandjird , Asmangird , Asmangird caravansarai , Asmankard , Asmogeert , As-mongeer , Asmonger , Asmonguier , Asmugir (Asmungä) , Assun-Dscherd , Aſſumayer (Assumayer) , Aximunjird , Azimunjird , Karavanserail Asemungerd , karawansarai Camerbeik , Karawansarai Camerbeik , ※ SOURCE for Asman Gard « Persian text omitted.Asman is a Kurdish village. Abad is five hundred steps outside the village, there is a pond and a caravanserai. The drinking water is for the inhabitants and the fields are river water. » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 585 ※ SOURCE for Asmandjird « Asmandjird » in Map 1. The routes from Shiraz to the Gulf via Lår (1638-1706). (After Jacqueline Calmard, Les routes de Chiraz au Golfe Persique.) #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 666 ※ SOURCE for Asmangird « Rivadaneyra continuing his journey from Firūzābād to Darab crossed the river by a ford between the villages of Tadwān and "Assun-Dscherd" (Asmängird?). He also admires the pleasant and flourishing aspect of Khafr. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 6 p. 384 ※ SOURCE for Asmangird caravansarai « 20. Asmangird .. 17m ...At 15 miles road divides, the eastern branch running to the caravansarai reached at 17 miles, the western branch to the village, reached at 16 miles. The caravansarai stands alone at the foot of a range of hills, 500 feet above the plain level, and is separated from the village by ¾ of a mile of irrigated land. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 178 ※ SOURCE for Asmankard « some travellers either stopped at the karavansaray of Asmankard,(84) fn. 84 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 113 (Asmugir); Valentijn, vol. V. p. 262, 285 (karavansaray of Asmongeert; Asmonger); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 312 (Asmongeer). » p. 76 #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 76 ※ SOURCE for Asmogeert « en floegen ons neder in een Karrawanſera Asmogeert genaamd; zagen nog ver van ons af cierlyk geboomte, enveel dorpen, hadden lydende koude, en begonnen van nu af aan de warmte op te loopen. [and drove us down to a Karrawanſera called Asmogeert; saw many trees still far away from us, and many villages suffering from cold, and from now on they began to feel hot.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for As-mongeer « Le douzième nous continuames notre route,trouvámes en chemin de gros monceaux de pierres: on voulut nous perfuader que c'é toient les debris d'une ancienne ville, mais je n'en pus découvrir aucuns des fondemens. On voit un grand nombre de villagesde jardins à droite vers les montagnes.Il étoit onze heures du foir, lorfque nous arrivâmes au Caravanserai d' As-mongeer, après avoir traverfé des colinesdes montagnes pierreufes, avec quelques vallées. [On the twelfth we continued our journey, finding large heaps of stones along the way: people tried to convince us that these were the remains of an ancient city, but I was unable to discover any of the foundations. We see a large number of garden villages to the right towards the mountains.It was eleven o'clock in the evening when we arrived at the Caravanserai of As-mongeer, after having crossed the hills of the stony mountains, with some valleys.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312 ※ SOURCE for Asmonger « Den 1, Mey ter middernacht weder voortgetrokken zynde, quam zyn Ed: na zons opgang in de ruft-plaats Asmonger; [On the 1st of May, having set out again at midnight, his Ed arrived at the resting place Asmonger after sunrise;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274 « Den 22. dito na 5 mylen in de Karrawaanſera Asmonger. [The 22nd ditto after 5 miles in the Karrawaanſera Asmonger.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Asmonguier « Ceux qui sont à gauche s'éloignent, et laissent aperce- voir une campagne verdoyante, où sont plu- sieurs villages au milieu de jolis vergers. Bien- tôt on arrive à un caravansérail tombant en ruines. Il prend son nom du hameau d'As- monguier, qui est vis-à-vis et sur la gauche du chemin, [Those on the left move away, and let us see a green countryside, where there are several villages in the middle of pretty orchards. Soon we arrive at a caravanserai falling into ruins. It takes its name from the hamlet of Asmonguier, which is opposite and on the left of the path,] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 458 ※ SOURCE for Asmugir (Asmungä) « Es folgten an dem Strom die Dörfer Charbi, Sendjan, Sagadä, Bier, Fesjun, Asmungä, ... den 11. SO+S zu dem nicht weit vom Berge liegenden Dorfe Asmugir, [The villages of Charbi, Sendjan, Sagadä, Bier, Fesjun, Asmungä, ... followed on the river on the 11th SE+S to the village of Asmugir, not far from the mountain,] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ pp. 112-113 ※ SOURCE for Assun-Dscherd « Rivadaneyra continuing his journey from Firūzābād to Darab crossed the river by a ford between the villages of Tadwān and "Assun-Dscherd" (Asmängird?). He also admires the pleasant and flourishing aspect of Khafr. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 6 p. 384 ※ SOURCE for Aſſumayer (Assumayer) « Il Giovedì 23. per 25. miglia di ſtrada piana, ma ſaſſoſa, dopo 8.ore giugnemmo nel Karvanſera d'Aſſumayer, fabbricato di pietre, e calce; cofa rara in Perſia. [On Thursday the 23rd, after 25 miles of flat but rocky road, after 8 hours we reached the Karvanſera d'Aſſumayer, a stone and lime building; which is rare in Persia. ] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Aximunjird « Aximunjird » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} ※ SOURCE for Azimunjird « Azimunjird itself is a pretty little village surrounded by orchards and irrigated fields. Similar villages occur at very frequent intervals on either side of the river from this point to Mazafri, and it would be difficult to find a more fertile little valley in all Persia. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 164 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Asemungerd « Karavanserail Asemungerd (Aseman Gerd) (Taf. 22,2-4) (Abb. 5; 187) (129) Lage: 27 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Aliabad, 30 km nordwestlich von Mokhak, in + 1180 m ü.N.N., an der alten Hauptstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Südöstlich neben dem Karavanserail ist die Zisterne in die Erde eingetieft. Sie hat 12,70 x 8,40m Außenmaße, ohne das vorspringende Treppenhaus (Abb. 187). Ihre Höhe beträgt etwa 5 m.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, einem rück wärtigen Stall und zwei kleinen Stallabteilungen in den vor deren Gebäudeecken, wobei der südwestliche Stall durch ei nen Anbau auf der westlichen Seite des Gebäudes erweitert wurde. Der Eingangstrakt ist breit gelagert und über dem Portal ist ein Schiefstand eingerichtet.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ( einschließlich Portaltrakt und des westlichen Anbaus) 45,50 x 36,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 20,30 × 19,50 m (Abb. 188), Höhe der Hoffassaden 5,20 m, Gebäudehöhe über dem Portal 7,10 m (Abb. 189).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Inschriftennische über dem Eingang, In- schriftentafel ist verloren.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn. 129 Das Karavanserail Asemungerd wurde am 28. 2. 1977 vermessen. [Karavanserail Asemungerd (Aseman Gerd) (Plate 22.2-4) (Fig. 5; 187) (129) Location: 27 km southeast of the Aliabad caravanserail, 30 km northwest of Mokhak, at + 1180 m above sea level, on the old main road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. The cistern is sunk into the earth to the southeast next to the Karavanserail. It has external dimensions of 12.70 x 8.40 m, without the projecting staircase (Fig. 187). Its height is about 5 m.Type: Court caravanserail with four iwans, a rear stable and two small stable departments in the front corners of the building, with the southwestern stable being expanded by an extension on the western side of the building. The entrance wing is wide and there is an incline above the portal.Dimensions: External dimensions (including the portal wing and the western extension) 45.50 x 36.50 m, courtyard dimensions 20.30 × 19.50 m (Fig. 188), height of the courtyard facades 5.20 m, building height above the portal 7 .10 m (Fig. 189).Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: Inscription niche above the entrance, inscription panel is lost.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn. 129 The Asemungerd caravanserail was surveyed on February 28, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 104-6 ※ SOURCE for karawansarai Camerbeik « (21) karawansarai Camerbeik [? sic for Qanbar Baig?] 3 farsakhs. The road is bad at first, afterwards at a leagues. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes ※ SOURCE for Karawansarai Camerbeik « 21 karawansarai Camerbeik [? sic for Qanbar Baig?] 3 farsakhs. The road is bad at first, afterwards at 2 leagues. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes Karavanserail Azizabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.267699 long 51.020604 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: listed twice by Kleiss in vol. 1 p. 134 and vol. 2 p. 34 VARIANT names: Karavanserail Azizabad , Karawanenstation Azizabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Azizabad « Karavanserail Azizabad (Taf. 7,3 und 7,4) an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (Abb. 3 und 47) (24)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht an der Grenze der Pro-vinzen Teheran und Markazi (Arak) in + 1020 m ü. N.N., etwa 25 km vom Karavanserail Hassanabad (Hasanabad) (siehe Band I, S. 132) entfernt, an der qadjarischen Route von Teheran nach Qom.Typ: Hofkaravanserail einfachster Art, mit um den Hof vierseitig aneinandergereihten Räumen entlang der Außen-mauern und leicht vorgezogenem Torbau. Keine Ausbildung von Iwanen. Im nördlichen Trakt leicht vor die Hoffassade vorgezogene drei Zweiergruppen von Räumen, die den ur-sprünglichen Bauzustand zeigen.Abmessungen: 102 x 98 m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvor-sprung), 87,50 × 77 m Hofabmessungen, die Portalhöhe be-trägt 4,10 m (Abb.48).Baumaterial: Der Bau ist in Lehmziegeln 22/22/5 cm errichtet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist teilweise zerstört, großenteils beschädigt und durch Neubau-ten ersetzt.fn 24 Das Karavanserail wurde am 13. 10. 1993 vermessen. [Azizabad Caravanserai (Plates 7.3 and 7.4) on the road from Tehran to Qom (Figs. 3 and 47) (24)Location: The caravanserai stands on the border of the provinces of Tehran and Markazi (Arak) at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level, approximately 25 km from the Hassanabad Caravanserai (Hasanabad) (see Volume I, p. 132), on the Qajar route from Tehran to Qom.Type: A simple courtyard caravanserai, with rooms arranged around the courtyard on all four sides along the outer walls and a slightly projecting gatehouse. No iwans are present. In the northern section, three pairs of rooms project slightly from the courtyard facade, revealing the original construction.Dimensions: 102 x 98 m external dimensions (excluding portal projection), 87.50 x 77 m courtyard dimensions, portal height 4.10 m (Fig. 48).Building material: The structure is built of 22/22/5 cm clay bricks.Structural features and condition: The complex is partially destroyed, largely damaged, and replaced by new buildings.fn 24 The caravanserai was surveyed on October 13, 1993.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 34 ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Azizabad « Karawanenstation Azizabad (Taf. 24,3-5) (Abb. 155 und 230) (149)Lage: 25 km südwestlich vom Karavanserail Hassana-bad I und 15 km südwestlich der Karawanenstation Hassana-bad II, in + 1020 m ü. N.N., am Weg von Teheran westlich des Salzsees nach Qom.Typ: Hofanlage mit Einzelräumen und durchgehenden Stallungen an den Außenmauern (Abb. 230 und 231).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 102 × 97 m. Breite der Be-bauung 4,80 bis 6 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.149 Die Station Azizabad wurde am 13. 10. 1993 vermessen. [Azizabad Caravan Station (Plate 24.3-5) (Figs. 155 and 230) (149)Location: 25 km southwest of the Hassana-bad I Caravan Station and 15 km southwest of the Hassana-bad II Caravan Station, at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level, on the road from Tehran west of the salt lake to Qom.Type: Farmstead with individual rooms and continuous stables along the outer walls (Figs. 230 and 231).Dimensions: External dimensions 102 × 97 m. Width of the buildings 4.80 to 6 m.Building material: Mud construction.149 The Azizabad station was surveyed on October 13, 1993.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 134 Karavanserail Bad Ney [3] : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.603801 long 54.806983 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Bad Ney [3] , KM118 (Gaube) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bad Ney [3] « Karavanserail Bad Ney [3] (Baha ed Din) (Abb. 5; 259) (181)Lage: 17 km östlich von Cahar Berkeh, 9 km westlich des Karavanserails Ceki, in +600 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein qadjarisches Kara-vanserail, heute eine Gendarmeriestation, ein safavidisches Pavillon-Karavanserail und vier Zisternen (Abb. 259).[3] In der Umgebung von Bad Ney (Entfernungsangaben können nicht gegeben werden) ist ein weiteres Pavillon-Ka-ravanserail zu erwähnen (Abb. 262a):Typ: Kreuzförmiger Kuppelbau mit vier Eckräumen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die umlaufende Bank 15,10 × 15,10 m, Höhe des Kuppelraumes 5,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Zwei rechteckige Zisternen haben äußere Abmessungen von 14,50 × 4,20 m bei 2,40 m Höhe über dem Niveau und von 8,30 × 4 m bei 2,10 m Höhe über dem Niveau. Die Zisternentiefen betragen etwa 6 und 4 m (Abb. 262a). [Bad Ney Caravanserail [3] (Baha ed Din) (Fig. 5; 259) (181)Location: 17 km east of Cahar Berkeh, 9 km west of the Ceki Caravanserail, at an elevation of 600 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas.At the site, the following can be distinguished: a Qajar caravanserail, now a gendarmerie station, a Safavid pavilion caravanserail, and four cisterns (Fig. 259).[3] In the vicinity of Bad Ney (distances cannot be given), another pavilion caravanserail should be mentioned (Fig. 262a):Type: Cruciform domed structure with four corner rooms. Dimensions: External dimensions without the surrounding bench 15.10 × 15.10 m, height of the domed chamber 5.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Two rectangular cisterns have external dimensions of 14.50 × 4.20 m at a height of 2.40 m above ground level and 8.30 × 4 m at a height of 2.10 m above ground level. The cistern depths are approximately 6 m and 4 m (Fig. 262a).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 141 ※ SOURCE for KM118 (Gaube) « KM 118: Schon neun Kilometer westlich des vorangegangenen Karvansarais trifft man auf die nächste Station, Bähä ad-Din, heute ein Gendarmerieposten, bestehend aus einem Sarai des Typs KM 109, einer Station des Typs KM 014, und zwei Zisternen. Auch hier findet sich über dem Portal des Karvansarais eine Restaurationsinschrift. Sie dürfte sich auf dieselbe Zeit wie jene über dem Portal von Karvansarai KM 109 (Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts) beziehen. Ihr Datum ist durch Mörtel verdeckt. [KM 118: Just nine kilometers west of the previous Karvansarais you come to the next station, Bähä ad-Din, today a gendarmerie post, consisting of a KM 109 type Sarai, a KM 014 type station, and two cisterns. Here too there is a restoration inscription above the portal of the Karvansarais. It probably refers to the same period as that above the portal at Karvansarai KM 109 (early 19th century). Their date is obscured by mortar.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 45 Karavanserail Badjgiran : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.625961 long 58.414305 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Badjgiran , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Badjgiran « Badjgiran an der Grenze zu Turkmenistan (Abb. 5) (120 Größeres Karavanserail und gleichzeitig alte Zollstation. Erbaut in qadjarischer Zeit, nicht vermessen.fn 12 Ebenda, 59 [Badjgiran on the border with Turkmenistan (Fig. 5) (120)Large caravanserai and also an old customs station. Built in the Qajar period, not surveyed.fn 12 Ibid., 59] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 21 Karavanserail Bagh-e Sheikh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.990769 long 50.446889 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Bagh-e Sheikh caravanserai , Karavanserail Bagh-e Sheikh , ※ SOURCE for Bagh-e Sheikh caravanserai «1668-041 Bāgh-e Sheikh Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 59 26.99 E50 26 49.04 0.53 ha 30.8 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bagh-e Sheikh « Karavanserail Bagh-e Sheikh (Taf. 15,3 und 15,4 und 16,1)(Abb. 3 und 86) (45)östlich von SavehLage: Das Karavanserail steht 8 km östlich von Saveh, an der Route von Saveh über Rezaabad - Madjidabad Qal'eh Sangi/Qom nach Qom in + 1070 m ü. N.Ν.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und Kuppel über dem Eingang und dem Oberge-schoß, sowie vier massiven Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 66,50 x 64 m (ohne Türme) Außenab-messungen, 34,50 × 34,50 m Hofabmessungen und 12,20 m Höhe bis einschließlich Kuppellaterne (Abb. 87).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist reichin Ziegelwerk verziert und war 1981 in gutem Zustand, auch der äußere Zinnenkranz (Abb.88).Inschriften: Tafel über dem Eingang erhalten.Datierung: Durch Inschrift 1239 H = 1860 christlicher Zeitrechnung (qadjarisch) erbaut.fn 45 Karavanserail Bagh-e Sheikh wurde am 1. 7. 1976 besucht, am 21. 4. 1980 im Grundriß und in der Front und am 23. 4. 1980 im Längs-schnitt und im Querschnitt vermessen. [Bagh-e Sheikh Caravanserail (Plates 15.3, 15.4, and 16.1)(Figs. 3 and 86) (45) east of SavehLocation: The caravanserail is located 8 km east of Saveh, on the route from Saveh via Rezaabad and Madjidabad to Qal'eh Sangi/Qom at an elevation of 1070 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a dome over the entrance and upper floor, as well as four massive corner towers.Dimensions: 66.50 x 64 m (excluding towers) exterior dimensions, 34.50 x 34.50 m courtyard dimensions, and 12.20 m height including the domed lantern (Fig. 87). Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is richlydecorated with brickwork and was in good condition in 1981, including the outer crenellated parapet (Fig. 88).Inscriptions: Plaque above the entrance preserved.Dating: According to the inscription, 1239 H = 1860 CE (Qajar).fn 45 Caravanserail Bagh-e Sheikh was visited on July 1, 1976, and its ground plan and frontage were surveyed on April 21, 1980, and its longitudinal and cross sections were measured on April 23, 1980.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 57 Karavanserail Bakirabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.964063 long 59.749145 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Bakirabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bakirabad « Karavanserail Bakirabad (Bagherabad?) (Abb. 5) (52)Lage: 4 km südlich von Sang Bast, etwa 24 km nörd-lich von Fariman (Ort), an der Hauptkarawanenstraße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Djam und Herat. Ein großes, qadjarisches Karavanserail, nicht vermessen. [Bakirabad (Bagherabad?) Caravanserail (Fig. 5) (52)Location: 4 km south of Sang Bast, about 24 km north of Fariman (village), on the main caravan route from Mashhad to Torbat-e Djam and Herat. A large Qajar caravanserail, not surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 Karavanserail Bala Abbasabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.998602 long 51.276672 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Bala Abbasabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bala Abbasabad « Karavanserail Bala Abbasabad (Abb. 12; 106)(72)Lage: 17 km westlich von Ravand (26 km nordwestlich von Kashan), in +1230 m ü.N.N., an der Ost-West-Verbin-dung von Kashan nach Delidjan. Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei Iwanen, 5 Stallabteilun-gen und einer überwölbten Durchfahrtshalle von 7 Jochen vor dem Eingang. Abmessungen: 55,20 x 32,50 m Außenabmessungen, 26,20 x 20 m Hofabmessungen und 5,20 m Portalhöhe (Abb. 107).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch. fn 72 Das Karavanserail wurde am 28. 11. 1984 vermessen. [Bala Abbasabad Caravanserai (Fig. 12; 106)(72)Location: 17 km west of Ravand (26 km northwest of Kashan), at 1230 m above sea level, on the east-west road from Kashan to Delijan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with three iwans, five stable compartments, and a seven-bay vaulted passageway in front of the entrance.Dimensions: 55.20 x 32.50 m external dimensions, 26.20 x 20 m courtyard dimensions, and 5.20 m portal height (Fig. 107).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Partially destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar.fn 72 The caravanserail was surveyed on 28. 11. 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 59-60 Karavanserail Bastak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.201174 long 54.372498 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located VARIANT names: Karavanserail Bastak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bastak « Karavanserail Bastak (Abb. 8; 243) (123)Lage: Im Ort Bastak, 115 km südlich von Lar und 160 km nordwestlich Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh), in + 370 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Kong nach Lar.Typ: Karavanserail mit zwei Höfen und zwei Eingän-gen, im Ortsbereich.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 24,40 × 14 m, Hofabmes-sungen jeweils 6,80 x 6,80 m, Höhenangaben liegen nicht vor.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Ruine.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch.fn 123 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 308. [Bastak Caravanserai (Fig. 8; 243) (123)Location: In the village of Bastak, 115 km south of Lar and 160 km northwest of Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh), at an elevation of 370 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Kong to Lar.Type: Caravanserai with two courtyards and two entrances, located within the village.Dimensions: External dimensions 24.40 × 14 m, courtyard dimensions 6.80 × 6.80 m each, elevation data not available.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar.fn 123 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 308.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 132 Karavanserail bei Hadjiabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231555 , Karavanserail bei Hadjiabad , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231555 EAMENA-0231555 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail bei Hadjiabad « aravanserail bei Hadjiabad (Abb. 121 und 152) (107)Lage: 23 km südöstlich von Hamadan, an der Straße nach Malayer (Hamadan - Isfahan/Esfahan) gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Halbrundtürmen an den Außenseiten, ohne besondere Iwan-Bildung.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 60 x 60 m. Hofmaße 35 × 35 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Grundriß nur noch in Schuttwällen erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Unbekannt, wahrscheinlich islamisch mittelalterlich. fn 107 AMI N. F. 8, 1975, 216. Die Anlage wurde am 3. 7. 1973 vermessen. [Caravanserai near Hadjiabad (Figs. 121 and 152) (107)Location: 23 km southeast of Hamadan, on the road to Malayer (Hamadan - Isfahan).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with semicircular towers on the outer sides, without a distinctive iwan.Dimensions: External dimensions 60 x 60 m. Courtyard dimensions 35 x 35 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Ground plan preserved only in the rubble walls.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Unknown, probably Islamic medieval.fn 107 AMI N. F. 8, 1975, 216. The site was surveyed on July 3, 1973.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 91 Karavanserail bei Imamzadeh Ali Abbas : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.839792 long 52.183712 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail bei Imamzadeh Ali Abbas , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail bei Imamzadeh Ali Abbas « Karavanserail bei Imamzadeh Ali Abbas (Taf. 25.1) (Abb. 12;210) (213)Lage: 18 km nördlich des Imamzadeh Ali Abbas am Wüstenrand, 32 km südlich von Garmab (Garm Ab), in +1200 m ü.N.N., am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kaspischen Meer.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, ohne Türme und Portalbau.Abmessungen: 44,50 x 33,20 m Außenmaße, 20,70 x 20,50 m Hofabmessungen. Die Höhe des Gebäudes läßt sich auf 5,20 m rekonstruieren (Abb. 210; 211).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis frühqadjarisch.fn 113 Die Ruine wurde am 21. 11. 1983 vermessen. [Caravanserai near Imamzadeh Ali Abbas (Plate 25.1) (Figs. 12; 210) (213)Location: 18 km north of Imamzadeh Ali Abbas on the edge of the desert, 32 km south of Garmab (Garm Ab), at an elevation of 1200 m above sea level, on the Safavid royal road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian Sea.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, without towers or a gatehouse.Dimensions: 44.50 x 33.20 m external dimensions, 20.70 x 20.50 m courtyard dimensions. The building's height can be reconstructed to be 5.20 m (Figs. 210; 211).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to early Qajar.fn 113 The ruin was surveyed on November 21, 1983.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 107 Karavanserail bei Kuzarash : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.169898 long 44.480925 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: possibly the worst Lage: [Location:] given by Kleiss VARIANT names: Karavanserail bei Kuzarash , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail bei Kuzarash « Karavanserail bei Kuzarash (Abb. 4 und 31)28Lage: Die Ruine liegt am Weg von Salmas (Shapur) über Alibulaq und den Gendarmerieposten Kuzarash (6km ent-fernt) nach Baskale in der Türkei. Es handelt sich um einen Verbindungsweg aus den ehemals stark armenisch besiedel-ten Gebieten um Salmas am Urmiasee in das Quellgebiet des Großen Zab bei Baskale (Abb. 32) und in die Gegend um So-radir mit einer armenischen Kirche aus dem 7. Jahrh. n. Chr. Der Bau liegt an einem Hang.Typ: Dreischiffiges, tonnengewölbtes Bergland-Kara-vanserail mit Eingang auf der Südseite. Durchgehendes Mit-telschiff und in der Länge geteilte Seitenschiffe.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 20,10 × 14,60 m. Die Schiffe sind jeweils 3,40 m breit.Baumaterial: In gut bearbeiteten Hausteinen mit Mörtel aufgeführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Halbrundge-wölbe (Tonnen), aus sauber geschnittenen Steinen errichtet. Die Ruine ist stark zerstört, der Grundriß aber erkennbar. Inschriften: sind keine bekanntgeworden. Datierung: Von armenischen Bauleuten im 18. oder 19. Jahrhundert erbaut. [Caravanserai near Kuzarash (Figs. 4 and 31)28Location: The ruins are located on the road from Salmas (Shapur) via Alibulaq and the Kuzarash gendarmerie post (6 km away) to Baskale in Turkey. This route connects the formerly heavily Armenian-populated areas around Salmas on Lake Urmia to the source of the Great Zab River near Baskale (Fig. 32) and to the area around Soradir, which contains an Armenian church dating from the 7th century AD. The structure is situated on a hillside.Type: Three-aisled, barrel-vaulted mountain caravanserai with an entrance on the south side. It features a continuous central nave and side aisles divided lengthwise.Dimensions: External dimensions 20.10 × 14.60 m. The aisles are each 3.40 m wide.Building material: Constructed of well-worked ashlar blocks with mortar.Structural features and condition: Semicircular vaults (barrel vaults) built of cleanly cut stones. The ruin is heavily damaged, but the ground plan is recognizable. Inscriptions: None have been found. Dating: Built by Armenian builders in the 18th or 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 28 Karavanserail Benaru (Bonaruyeh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.082203 long 54.053788 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Benaru, K. Kheirat Khan , Caravansera , Karavanserail Benaru (Bonaruyeh) , ※ SOURCE for Benaru, K. Kheirat Khan « Karavanserail Kheirat Khan » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lae-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ in Abb. 8. Benaru, Karavanserail Kheirat Khan p. 295 ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « The ninth, having travell'd three Leagues, I came to a Caravansera, where I found horsemeat. After dinner, I got five Leagues farther, to another Caravansera; but meeting there with the Armenian Caravan, and the Carmelite Father, whom I spoke of before, I rode on, and travell'd two Leagues farther to a Village called Berry, and lodg'd not far from it, in one of the best Caravanseras that I met with in all my journey. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Benaru (Bonaruyeh) « Karavanserail Benaru (Bonaruyeh) (Abb. 5; 223) (154)Lage: 24 km südöstlich von Djuyom und 36 km nord- westlich von Khole (Dehra), an der Karawanenstraße von Djahrom nach Lar. Das Karavanserail liegt zu Füßen einer Burg, umgeben von vier Emamzadehs und einem Fort. Typ: Das Karavanserail führt den Namen Kheyrat Khan und ist ein oktogonales Hofkaravanserail mit acht Iwanen und zwei Stallungen. fn. 154 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 293. [Caravanserail Benaru (Bonaruyeh) (Fig. 5; 223) (154)Location: 24 km southeast of Djuyom and 36 km northwest of Khole (Dehra), on the caravan road from Djahrom to Lar. The caravanserail lies at the foot of a castle, surrounded by four emamzadehs and a fort. Type: The caravanserail is called Kheyrat Khan and is an octagonal court caravanserail with eight iwans and two stables. fn. 154 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 293.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 124 Karavanserail Berkeh Sultan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.242922 long 55.51086 Karavanserail Bolurdukan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.022716 long 50.062654 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Bolurdukan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bolurdukan « Karavanserail Bolurdukan (Abb. 4 und 82) (70)Lage: Nahe der safavidischen Brücke über den Shalman Rud (71), 35 km südwestlich von Rudsar, am Wege von Rudsar iber Deylaman nach Qazvin, in +310 m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail (Taf. 7,1.2) mit Pfeiler/Säulenhal-e in voller Länge der Eingangsfront, die Wohnräume beider-eits der Einfahrt enthält, und dem Stalltrakt auf der Nord-eite des Hofes mit vorgezogenem Eingang.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 53,50 (mit Vorhalle) x 44 m. Veite der Stallung 4 m, Mauerstärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und hölzerne Dachkonstruk-on.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Mittelachse der Eingangsfront durch zwei Rundpfeiler betont. Der Bau ist eilzerstört.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch.fn 70 Bolurdukan wurde am 26. 6. 1984 vermessen.fn 71 AMI 19, 1986, 327f. [Bolurdukan Caravanserai (Figs. 4 and 82) (70)Location: Near the Safavid bridge over the Shalman Rud (71), 35 km southwest of Rudsar, on the road from Rudsar via Deylaman to Qazvin, at an elevation of 310 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai (Plates 7.1.2) with a pillared porch along the entire length of the entrance facade, containing living quarters on both sides of the entrance, and a stable wing on the north side of the courtyard with a projecting entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions 53.50 m (including porch) x 44 m. Stable width 4 m, wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Rubble stone and wooden roof structure.Structural features and condition: The central axis of the entrance facade is emphasized by two round pillars. The building is partially destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar.fn 70 Bolurdukan was surveyed on June 26, 1984.fn 71 AMI 19, 1986, 327f.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 54 Karavanserail Borun : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.895724 long 58.655268 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: unable tolocate exact location VARIANT names: Karavanserail Borun , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Borun « Karavanserail Borun (Perun) (Taf. 25,4) (Abb. 5 und 72) (82)Lage: 21 km südlich Karavanserail Ahang und 20 km nördlich Ferdows (Tun), an der Straße von Kashmar nach Ferdows, in Ortslage zusammen mit Zisternen.Typ: Kombination von Hofkaravanserail und Hallen-bau, offenbar in eine schon bestehende Parzellierung hineingesetzt. Außermittiger Eingang und Wohnhof in der östlichen Gebäudeecke (Abb. 73).Abmessungen: 45 × 27 m größte Außenabmessungen, 16,30 × 16 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus 5,60 m. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Leicht verfal-len, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.fn 82 Karavanserail Borun wurde am 7.3. 1976 vermessen. [Borun Caravanserai (Perun) (Plate 25.4) (Figs. 5 and 72) (82)Location: 21 km south of Ahang Caravanserai and 20 km north of Ferdows (Tun), on the road from Kashmar to Ferdows, within a village, together with cisterns.Type: Combination of courtyard caravanserai and hall building, apparently built into an existing subdivision. Off-center entrance and residential courtyard in the eastern corner of the building (Fig. 73).Dimensions: 45 × 27 m largest external dimensions, 16.30 × 16 m courtyard dimensions, height of the gatehouse 5.60 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Slightly dilapidated, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None kno fn 82 Caravanserail Borun was surveyed on March 7, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 54 Karavanserail Cah Howz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.982969 long 59.162961 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: unable to locate. position based on Kleiss inadequate directions VARIANT names: Karavanserail Cah Howz , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cah Howz « Karavanserail Cah Howz (Taf. 26,1 und 26,2) (Abb. 5 und 74) (88)Lage: 12 km nordwestlich von Birdjand (Burg) und 15 km südöstlich von Robat Asef, an der Route von Gona-bad und Ferdows (Tun) nach Birdjand.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen und zwei Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: 27,60 × 22,90 m Außenmaße, 14 X 13,50 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe etwa 5 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen und partiell eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut.fn 88 Karavanserail Cah Howz wurde am 10. 3. 1976 vermessen. [1,877Caravanserail Cah Howz (Plates 26.1 and 26.2) (Figs. 5 and 74) (88)Location: 12 km northwest of Birdjand (Burg) and 15 km southeast of Robat Asef, on the route from Gonabad and Ferdows (Tun) to Birdjand.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans and two stable sections.Dimensions: 27.60 × 22.90 m external dimensions, 14 × 13.50 m courtyard dimensions, height approximately 5 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Dilapidated and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Qajar period.fn 88 Caravanserail Cah Howz was surveyed on March 10, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 57 Karavanserail Cah Khavar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.761935 long 54.888236 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Karavanserail Cahar Berkeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.65767 long 54.65727 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: visual GE 1 ruined building, 2 dome cisterns (≃ 5m dia and ≃ 6.5m dia) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Cahar Berkeh , KM135 (Gaube) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cahar Berkeh « Karavanserail Cahar Berkeh (Abb. 5; 258)(180) Lage: 2 km westlich des qadjarischen Karavanserails Cahar Berkeh (Gendarmeriestation, nicht betretbar), 17 km westlich von Bad Ney (Baha ed Din) und 12 km östlich von Tang-e Nao, in + 650 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Typ: Einfaches Pavillon-Karavanserail mit kreuzförmi- gem Zentralraum und vier Eckräumen, die nur von außen betretbar sind. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10 × 10 m, Höhe des Gebäu- des nicht vermessen. Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten. Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Safavidisch oder qadjarischer Ersatzbau. fn.180 H. Gaube, Iran XVII, 1979, 33 ff., Fig. 11.. [« Caravanserai Cahar Berkeh (Fig. 5; 258)(180) Location: 2 km west of the Qajar caravanserai Cahar Berkeh (gendarmerie station, not accessible), 17 km west of Bad Ney (Baha ed Din) and 12 km east of Tang-e Nao, at + 650 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. Type: Simple pavilion caravanserai with a cross-shaped central room and four corner rooms that can only be accessed from the outside. Dimensions: External dimensions 10 × 10 m, height of the building not measured. Building material: Quarry stone. Structural features and condition: Well preserved. Inscriptions: none known. Dating: Safavid or Qajar replacement building. fn.180 H. Gaube, Iran XVII, 1979, 33 ff., Fig. 11.]. » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 139 ※ SOURCE for KM135 (Gaube) « KM 135: Nur zwei Kilometer vom letztgenannten Bauwerk entfernt finden sich eine Karavanen- station (Fig. 11) des Cahar-Taq-Typs und zwei Zisternen. Das Gebäude mißt nur ca. 10 m x 10m. … Fig. 11. Die-Station KM 135. [KM 135: Only two kilometers from the last-mentioned structure there is a caravan station (Fig. 11) of the Cahar-Taq type and two cisterns. The building only measures approx. 10 m x 10 m. … Fig. 11. The station KM 135.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 45 Karavanserail Cahar Bordj (Tchahar Bordj/Chahar Bordj) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 32.838155 long 51.39723 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Cahar Bordj (Tchahar Bordj/Chahar Bordj) , Tchâhâr-Bordj , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Cahar Bordj (Tchahar Bordj/Chahar Bordj) Cahar Bordj (iDAI objects) online reference link [accessed 25 May 2025] « Karavanserail Cahar Bordj (Tchahar Bordj/Chahar Bordj) (Taf. 9,3) (Abb. 12; 73) (56)Lage: Etwa 500 m nördlich des Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qa-dim, an der Route Esfahan - Golpayegan, in +1720 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabteilungen, Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portal.Abmessungen: 48 x 50,60 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 30,50 x 21,50 m Hofabmessungen.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist durch Schubraupen zu 2/3 seines Bestandes völlig zerstört. Der Grund für diese sinnlose Zerstörung in den 80er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts ist nicht erkennbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Es ist anzunehmen, daß der Bau zwischen dem Verfall des Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim und der Errich tung des Karavanserails Caleh Siah-ye Now als Unterkunfts gebäude gedient hat und wahrscheinlich im 14. Jahrhundert errichtet wurde.In der Nähe der Karavanserail-Gruppe Caleh Siah ist eine Lehmbefestigung (Taf. 9,4) ohne nennenswerte Innen bauten zu erwähnen.Die Anlage besitzt vier große Rundtürme und einen Portalbau.fn. 56 Ebenda 95 ff. - Der Ruinenplatz wurde am 11. 9. 1988 besucht. [Chahar Bordj Caravanserai (Tchahar Bordj/Chahar Bordj) (Plate 9.3) (Fig. 12; 73) (56) Location: Approximately 500 m north of Robat Chaleh Siah-ye Qa-dim, on the Esfahan-Golpayegan route, at +1720 m above sea level. Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, two stable sections, corner towers, and a projecting portal. Dimensions: 48 x 50.60 m exterior dimensions (excluding projections), 30.50 x 21.50 m courtyard dimensions. Building material: Rubble masonry. Structural features and condition: Two-thirds of the building has been completely destroyed by bulldozers. The reason for this senseless destruction in the 1980s is unknown. Inscriptions: None known. Dating: It is assumed that the building served as accommodation between the decline of the Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim and the construction of the Caleh Siah-ye Now caravanserai and was probably built in the 14th century. Near the Caleh Siah caravanserai group, a mud fortification (Plate 9,4) without any notable interior structures is mentioned. The complex has four large round towers and a portal structure. fn. 56 Ibid. 95 ff. - The ruins site was visited on September 11, 1988.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 42 ※ SOURCE for Tchâhâr-Bordj « The La branche Nord franchit une faible hauteur de schiste noir. Tout de suite après un petit col éventé cette ancienne voie s'infléchit pour suivre le cours d'un ravin se perdant dans la plaine de Tchâh-e-Siyâh now. Dès le col on aperçoit les ruines d'un très ancien caravansérail : Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4) qui révèle, ainsi que ses successeurs proches, la tragique histoire d'un point d'eau agonisant. Ce très intéressant monument qui date du début de l 'Islam, environné de traces plus anciennes, fut relayé 500 m. plus bas, par un autre caravansérail : également un tchâh-e-Siyâh d'époque mongole , appelé aussi Tchâhâr-Bordj (les quatre tours) (site 9) . Quand la source, malgré les efforts de captage, se fut révélée déficiente, 6 km. plus loin, dans la plaine alluviale, des ghanats furent forés par un Mi nistre de Châh Soleyman et en 1687 A.D., un des plus curieux caravansérails iraniens, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now y fut inauguré (site 27) (1). fn. 1Sur certaines cartes, ces monuments sont appelés, par erreur, Tchehelhessieh. Ces erreurs très fréquenteset qui gênent considérablement les recherches, sont dues aux transcriptions phonétiques de voyageurs ignorant la langue, auxquelles s'ajoutent celles faites au cours de la mise au net de notes hâtivement rédigées.[The northern branch crosses a low rise of black schist. Immediately after a small, winding pass, this ancient route bends to follow the course of a ravine that disappears into the Tchâh-e-Siyâh now plain. From the pass, one can see the ruins of a very ancient caravanserai: Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4), which, along with its immediate successors, reveals the tragic story of a dying watering hole. This very interesting monument, dating from the beginning of Islam, surrounded by older remains, was replaced 500 meters lower by another caravanserai: also a Shah-e-Siyah from the Mongol period, also called Tchâhâr-Bor4j (the four towers) (site 9). When the source, despite efforts to capture it, proved deficient, 6 km further on, in the alluvial plain, ghanats were drilled by a Minister of Shah Sulayman and in 1687 AD, one of the most curious Iranian caravanserais, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now, was inaugurated there (site 27) (1). fn. 1 On some maps, these monuments are mistakenly called Tchehelhessieh. These very frequent errors, which considerably hamper research, are due to phonetic transcriptions by travelers unfamiliar with the language, to which are added those made during the editing of hastily written notes.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 10 Karavanserail Ceshmeh Khanverdi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.4171 long 50.031984 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located VARIANT names: Karavanserail Ceshmeh Khanverdi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ceshmeh Khanverdi « Karavanserail Ceshmeh Khanverdi (Taf. 10,3) am Wege von Qom nach Arak und an der Ost-West-Verbindung von Kas-han nach Arak (Abb. 3 und 62) (31)Lage: Die Ruine liegt 54 km südwestlich der Kreuzung der modernen Hauptstraße in Salafcegan (Qom - Arak und Saveh - Delidjan), in + 1670 m ü. Ν.Ν.Typ: Zweihofanlage, möglicherweise der östliche Hof angebaut.Abmessungen: 69 × 44 m Gesamtgröße. Schuttwälle bis zu 2 m hoch erhalten.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Bruchsteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Mauern sind. auf Grund des hohen Zerstörungsgrades nur als erhobene Schuttlinien zu erkennen, Einzelheiten sind nicht meßbar.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut.fn 31 Die Ruine wurde am 10. 9. 1988 in Schrittmaßen aufgenommen. [Caravanserail Ceshmeh Khanverdi (Plate 10.3) on the road from Qom to Arak and on the east-west connection from Kashan to Arak (Figs. 3 and 62) (31)Location: The ruin lies 54 km southwest of the intersection of the modern main road in Salafcegan (Qom - Arak and Saveh - Delijan), at an elevation of 1670 m above sea level.Type: Two-courtyard complex, possibly with the eastern courtyard added later.Dimensions: 69 × 44 m overall. Rubble walls up to 2 m high are preserved.Building material: Mud bricks and rubble.Structural features and condition: Due to the high degree of destruction, the walls are only recognizable as raised lines of rubble; details cannot be measured.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Probably built during the Qajar period.fn 31 The ruins were surveyed on September 10, 1988, with paces measured in meters.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 44 Karavanserail Daihr-e Djangal : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.132082 long 53.491964 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Daihr-e Djangal , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Daihr-e Djangal « Karavanserail Daihr-e Djangal (Deyr-e Djangal) (Abb. 5; 176) (122)Lage: 7 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa, 22 km westlich von Tang-e Karam, 9 km nord-westlich der Straßengabelung Sarvestan-Fasa und Sarvestan -Estahban und 32 km nordwestlich von Fasa (moderne Route), in + 1520 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Sarvestan nach Estahban und Neyriz.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, weitere Einzelheiten nicht mehr erkennbar.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 22,10 × 19 m, Hofabmes-sungen 13 × 10,70 m, erhaltene Mauerhöhe maximal 1 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 122 Die Ruine Daihr-e Djangal wurde am 12.3. 1990 aufgenommen. [Caravanserail Daihr-e Djangal (Deyr-e Djangal) (Fig. 5; 176) (122)Location: 7 km southeast of the Bidak Miyan Djangal Fasa caravanserail, 22 km west of Tang-e Karam, 9 km northwest of the Sarvestan-Fasa and Sarvestan-Estahban road junction, and 32 km northwest of Fasa (modern route), at an elevation of 1520 m above sea level, on the road from Sarvestan to Estahban and Neyriz.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans; further details are no longer discernible.Dimensions: External dimensions 22.10 × 19 m, courtyard dimensions 13 × 10.70 m, maximum remaining wall height 1 m.Building material: Rubble stone. Architectural features and condition: Destroyed down to the foundations.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 122 The Daihr-e Djangal ruins were photographed on March 12, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 98 Karavanserail Damghan 1 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.167445 long 54.349394 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Damghan 1 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Damghan 1 « Karavanserails in der Stadt Damghan (Abb. 7 und Abb. 185-187) (86) 2. Kleineres KaravanserailTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und Nischenfassade.Abmessungen: 59 × 48,20 m Außenmaße, 31 × 21 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenangaben können nicht gemacht werden, da keine Schnitte vorliegen. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Befriedigend. Inschriften: ? Datierung:Safavidisch ? fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, Teheran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), S.214, S. 147 und S. 59. [Caravanserails in the city of Damghan (Figs. 7 and 185-187) (86) 2. Smaller CaravanserailType: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a niche facade.Dimensions: 59 × 48.20 m external dimensions, 31 × 21 m courtyard dimensions. Height measurements cannot be given as no cross-sections are available.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Satisfactory.Inscriptions: ?Dating: Safavid?fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravanserails, Vol. I, Tehran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), p. 214, p. 147, and p. 59.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 103 Karavanserail Darband : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.670945 long 56.945779 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Darband caravanserai , Karavanserail Darband , ※ SOURCE for Darband caravanserai « DARBAND (No. 5.)-ELEV. 3,800?.A halting-place in Kirmán, 114 miles north of the town of that name, on the road to Naiband. It has a large and well-kept caravanserai, capable of accommodating some 200 men, surrounded by a few date-palms. The water-supply is from a spring which, though sweet, has a somewhat un-pleasant taste. There is some camel-grazing, but supplies are very scarce. The seras, which has a garrison of 5 soldiers, is commanded by some hille to the east.Nine miles north of Darband, between it and Chehilpai, is a water course, flowing eastwards, which forms the boundary between the province, of Kirman and Khorasan. The Daband hills, which run south-east from the halting place mentioned above, and which attain an elevation of 8,200 feet, possess a mine of asbestos, and indeed are said to be full of mineral wealth.To the south of the caravanserai are two towers, the Burj-i-Dargha and the Burj-i-Dukhtar, which close the road and give the place its name of Darband. (Wyatt, 1899; Sykes, 1902, Daggaley, 1909.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 146 « DARBAND-Lat.Long.Elev.A fine brick caravansarai in Karman, with date palms and a spring of good water, on the road from Naiband to Karman, about 157 miles north-east of the latter place. There is a guard of three men in the sarai, but there are no inhabitants. (Stewart.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 98 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Darband « Karawanenhalteort Darband (Taf. 20,1-4) (Abb. 4; 167) (75)Lage: 27 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Cehel Payeh (Chehel Payeh) (Provinz Khorassan), 19 km nord-östlich des Karavanserails Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru), in +960 m ü.N.N., als erste Station nahe der Grenze der Provinzen Khorassan/Kerman, an der Strecke von Mashhad nach Kerman. Am Ort ist ein Karavanserail von einer Robat-Ruine zu unterscheiden.fn 75 Die Bauten in Darband wurden am 14.4.1982 vermessen. [Darband Caravan Stop (Plate 20.1-4) (Figs. 4; 167) (75)Location: 27 km southwest of the Cehel Payeh (Chehel Payeh) caravanserail (Khorassan Province), 19 km northeast of the Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru) caravanserail, at an elevation of 960 m above sea level, as the first stop near the border of the Khorasan/Kerman provinces, on the route from Mashhad to Kerman. A caravanserail and a robat ruin can be distinguished at this location.fn 75 The structures at Darband were surveyed on April 14, 1982.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 97 Karavanserail Darreh Bid : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.810298 long 56.973639 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: possible location 33x33 m VARIANT names: Darreh Bit Sarai , Karavanserail Darreh Bid , ※ SOURCE for Darreh Bit Sarai « Darreh Bit Sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-40O Tabas 1942} ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Darreh Bid « Karavanserail Darreh Bid (Darreh Bit/Beyt) (Derebid) (Abb. 5) (114)Lage: 24 km östlich Tabas, in Passlage am Wege nach Boshruiyeh.Nicht besucht und nicht vermessen.fn 114 Von Bewohnern von Tabas erwähnt als Pafß-Karavanserail. [Darreh Bid Caravanserai (Darreh Bit/Beyt) (Derebid) (Fig. 5) (114)Location: 24 km east of Tabas, in a mountain pass on the road to Boshruiyeh.Not visited and not surveyed.fn 114 Mentioned by residents of Tabas as the Pafß Caravanserai.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 72 Karavanserail Dasht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.672854 long 55.558914 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located has two circular cisterns but no rectangular VARIANT names: Karavanserail Dasht , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dasht « Karavanserail Dasht (Abb. 7; 197) (95)Lage: Etwa 25 km südlich Tang-e Dokan, 20 km nord-westlich Karavanserail Sheikh, in + 360 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort stehen das Karavanserail, zwei kleinere Ruinen und zwei Zister-nen.Typ: Das Karavanserail entspricht dem Pavillon-Typ. Es hat einen kreuzförmigen Grundriß mit Mittelkuppel und vier Eckräumen und steht auf einer außen bankartig vorspringenden Plattform.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 9,70 × 9,70 m, Höhe des Gebäudes 3,70 m (Abb. 198).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, leerstehend.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.Die Zisternen haben folgende Abmessungen (Abb. 199): Die rechteckige Zisterne mißt außen 15,50 x 5 m bei 7 m innerer Gesamthöhe. Die runde Kuppelzisterne hat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 6,70 m und eine innere Gesamt-höhe von 10 m.fn 95 Die Bauten beim Karavanserail Dasht wurden am 3.12.1984 vermessen. [Dasht Caravanserail (Fig. 7; 197) (95)Location: Approximately 25 km south of Tang-e Dokan, 20 km northwest of Sheikh Caravanserail, at an elevation of 360 m above sea level, on the road from Sirjan to Bandar-e Abbas. The site contains the caravanserail, two smaller ruins, and two cisterns.Type: The caravanserail is of the pavilion type. It has a cruciform ground plan with a central dome and four corner rooms and stands on a platform that projects outwards like a bench.Dimensions: External dimensions 9.70 × 9.70 m, building height 3.70 m (Fig. 198).Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved, unoccupied.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.The cisterns have the following dimensions (Fig. 199): The rectangular cistern measures 15.50 x 5 m externally with a total internal height of 7 m. The round domed cistern has an external diameter of 6.70 m and a total internal height of 10 m.fn 95 The structures at the Dasht caravanserail were surveyed on December 3, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 114 Karavanserail Deh Gerdu : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 31.160113 long 52.241755 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Degerdu Karawanserei , Dergriger caravasar , Karavanserail Deh Gerdu , Karrawanfera Degerdoe , ※ SOURCE for Degerdu Karawanserei « Weiter SSW zum Dorfe Degerdu (Deh-gerdu) ... Dorf ist kompakt und klein, hat kleine, platte Häuser, meist von Feldsteinen und mit Stichdornen an den Rändern belegt, ist wasserreich, welche Quellen hinter der Karawanserei eine Mühle treiben. Hat um sich viele schwarze Hütten der Luren. Die Karawanserei, die man nach dem Dorfe nannte, war quadratisch, sehr alt, auswendig von Feld- inwendig von Backsteinen, inmitten des Hofes mit einem viereckigen talor (?) oder Rufplatz und 4 Weißpappeln herum und in der Mitte ein Spring-wasser. [Further south-southwest to the village of Degerdu (Deh-gerdu)... The village is compact and small, with small, flat houses, mostly built of fieldstones and with bracteate edges. It is well-watered; springs behind the caravanserai power a mill. Many black huts of the Lurs are scattered around it. The caravanserai, which was named after the village, was square, very old, built of fieldstones on the outside and bricks on the inside. In the middle of the courtyard was a square talor (?) or call square, surrounded by four white poplars, and in the center was a spring.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 91 ※ SOURCE for Dergriger caravasar « A 14, vispera de Pasqua, llegó el Enbaxador á Dergriger, adonde ay un gran caravasar y otra aldea dentro de una rrazonable fortaleza, [On the 14th, Easter Eve, the Ambassador arrived at Dergriger, where there is a large caravanserai and another village within a reasonable fortress,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Gerdu(Arch. Site) online reference link [accessed 10 Apr 2025] « Karavanserail Deh Gerdu (Taf. 12,4; 13,1) (Abb. 5; 125) 90Lage: Deh Gerdu ist in etwa 37 km Entfernung (Luftli-nie) von Izad Khast der nördlichste, als Ruine erhaltene Karawanenhaltepunkt an der Kurzstrecke von Izad Khast nach Badjgah und Shiraz. Er liegt in + 2280 m ü. N. N. Am Ortist die Ruine eines Karavanserails (Abb. 125) zu unterscheiden von einem freistehenden Badegebäude, einer langrechtecki-gen Ruine, möglicherweise eines schloßartigen Gebäudes, und von einem durch Rundtürme befestigten Dorf. Dieses Dorf hatte ursprünglich Räume entlang der Außenmauer um den freien Hof herum, der in einer jüngeren Bauphase voll-ständig bebaut wurde (Abb. 125). Zwischen Izad Khast und Deh Gerdu wird in alten Karten (Abb. 9) eine Station Gom-bez Cala angegeben. Über ihre etwaige Existenz ist nichts bekannt.Typ: Das Karavanserail Deh Gerdu ist ein Hofkaravan-serail mit zwei Iwanen, vorgezogenem, dezentral angeordne-tem Portalbau und auf der Westseite angebautem Stalltrakt.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 48 × 46 m, Hofabmessungen 32 × 31,50 m und etwa 4,10 m erhaltene Ruinenhöhe (Abb. 126).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.fn. 90 Die Ruinen von Deh Gerdu wurden am 7. 6. 1987 aufgenommen. [Deh Gerdu Caravanserai (Plates 12.4; 13.1) (Fig. 5; 125) 90Location: Deh Gerdu, approximately 37 km (as the crow flies) from Izad Khast, is the northernmost preserved ruined caravan stop on the short route from Izad Khast to Badjgah and Shiraz. It lies at an altitude of 2,280 m above sea level. At the site, the ruins of a caravanserai (Fig. 125) must be distinguished from a freestanding bathing building, a long rectangular ruin, possibly a castle-like building, and a village fortified by round towers. This village originally had rooms along the outer wall surrounding the open courtyard, which was completely built over in a more recent construction phase (Fig. 125). Old maps (Fig. 9) indicate a station called Gom-bez Cala between Izad Khast and Deh Gerdu. Nothing is known about its possible existence.Type: The Deh Gerdu caravanserail is a courtyard caravanserail with two iwans, a projecting, decentralized portal, and a stable wing attached to the west side.Dimensions: External dimensions without projections: 48 × 46 m, courtyard dimensions: 32 × 31.50 m, and the preserved ruins height is approximately 4.10 m (Fig. 126).Building material: Rubble.fn. 90 The ruins of Deh Gerdu were recorded on June 7, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp.74-75 ※ SOURCE for Karrawanfera Degerdoe « Den 26. October trokken wy door een dorp, Degerdoe genaamd, een verma kelyke plaats met een goede Karrawanfera, en zagen op de weg veel zoet-hout grocjen. [On the 26th of October we passed through a village called Degerdoe, a pleasant place with a good Karrawanfera, and saw many sweetwood grows on the way.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260-1 Karavanserail Deh Molla : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.28159 long 54.761877 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Deh Molla , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Molla « Karavanserail Deh Molla bei Shahrud (Abb. 7 und 188) (87)Lage: 25 km südwestlich von Shahrud (Zentrum) in + 1360 m ü.N.N., an der alten Khorassanstraße, am Rande des gleichnamigen Dorfes gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und zwei Stallabteilungen, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen und vorge-zogenem Portal. Obergeschoß ausgebaut (Abb. 189).Abmessungen: 61 x 53,30 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 33 x 26 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenangaben können nicht gemacht werden, da keine Schnitte vorliegen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail wird von Dorfbevölkerung bewohnt und als Stallungen und Scheunen genutzt.Inschriften: ?Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch. fn 87 Ebenda S.225. [Deh Molla Caravanserai near Shahrud (Figs. 7 and 188) (87)Location: 25 km southwest of Shahrud (center) at an elevation of 1360 m above sea level, on the old Khorasan road, on the edge of the village of the same name.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and two stable sections, round corner and intermediate towers, and a projecting entrance. The upper floor has been converted into living quarters (Fig. 189).Dimensions: 61 x 53.30 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 33 x 26 m courtyard dimensions. Elevation measurements are not available due to the lack of cross-sections.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is inhabited by villagers and used as stables and barns.Inscriptions: ?Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 87 Ibid. p. 225.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 104 Karavanserail Deh Namak 3 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.252501 long 52.732804 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Deh Namak 3 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Namak 3 « 3. Das Lehmkaravanserail südlich an der Dorfburg (Taf. 27.3) (Abb.153)Lage: 100 m südlich der Karawanenstraße, an die Süd-seite der Dorfburg angebaut (71).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Iwanen und rückwärtigem, durchgehendem Stall.Abmessungen: 73 x 55 m größte Außenabmessungen, 35 x 31m Hofabmessungen und 5,50 m Gewölbehöhe in den Stallungen (Abb.154). [3. The mud caravanserai south of the village fort (Plate 27.3) (Fig. 153)Location: 100 m south of the caravan route, attached to the south side of the village fort (71).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with iwans and a continuous stable at the rear.Dimensions: 73 x 55 m largest external dimensions, 35 x 31 m courtyard dimensions, and 5.50 m vault height in the stables (Fig. 154).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 85 Karavanserail Deh Shir Kohneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.505684 long 53.781557 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Deh Shir Kohneh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Deh Shir Kohneh « Karavanserail Deh Shir Kohneh (Dehshir Khoneh) (Taf. 7,2)(Abb. 4; 54) (26)Lage: 7 km nordöstlich des Ortes Deh Shir, in dem sich ein Fort (Gendarmeriestation) befindet, 12 km süd-westlich von Darreh Zereshk (Zereschg) (Wachtturm), in + 1940 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Yazd und Mashhad.Typ: Hofanlage mit Eingangsiwan und kleinen Vertei-ler-Iwanen in räumlichem Zusammenhang mit den Zim-mern. Ställe beiderseits des vorgezogenen Eingangs. An den Ecken runde Türme.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 33,80 × 33,50 m, Hofabmessungen 20 × 15 m, Höhe der Außen-mauern 5,80 m, Höhe der Türme 7,50 m (Abb. 55).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise mit Lehmverputz.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist partiell stark verfallen und wird teilweise landwirtschaftlich genutzt.fn 26 Der Bau wurde am 29. 10. 1990 vermessen. [Caravanserai Deh Shir Kohneh (Plate 7.2)(Figs. 4; 54) (26)Location: 7 km northeast of the village of Deh Shir, where a fort (gendarmerie station) is located, 12 km southwest of Darreh Zereshk (Zereshg) (watchtower), at an elevation of 1940 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Yazd and Mashhad.Type: Courtyard complex with an entrance iwan and smaller distribution iwans spatially connected to the rooms. Stables on both sides of the projecting entrance. Round towers at the corners. Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 33.80 × 33.50 m, courtyard dimensions 20 × 15 m, height of the exterior walls 5.80 m, height of the towers 7.50 m (Fig. 55).Building material: Clay construction with clay plaster.Structural features and condition: The building is partially dilapidated and is partly used for agricultural purposes.fn 26 The building was surveyed on October 29, 1990.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 42 Karavanserail Dehkheir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.53675 long 51.46787 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Dehkheir , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dehkheir « Karavanserail Dehkheir (Abb. 155 und 204) (138)Lage: 10km südöstlich von Teheran - Rey, an der Straße nach Varamin (Veramin) in +940 m ü. N.N. gelegen (südli-cher, älterer Zweig der Khorasanstraße Teheran - Varamin Garmsar).Typ: Wahrscheinlich Hofkaravanserail, nur baulich sehr stark veränderte Reste erhalten.Abmessungen: Unbekannt, etwa mittlere Größe normaler Karavanserails.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Baulich stark verändert.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Vielleicht safavidisch.fn 138 Dehkheir wurde am 11. 7. 1983 besucht. Das Karavanserail konnte nicht vermessen werden. AMI 24, 1991, 159f. (Qal'eh Dehkheir) [Dehkheir Caravanserail (Figs. 155 and 204) (138)Location: 10 km southeast of Tehran - Rey, on the road to Varamin (Veramin) at an elevation of 940 m above sea level (southern, older branch of the Khorasan road Tehran - Varamin Garmsar).Type: Probably a farmstead caravanserail, only heavily altered remains survive.Dimensions: Unknown, approximately the medium size of a typical caravanserail.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Structurally heavily altered.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Possibly Safavid.fn 138 Dehkheir was visited on July 11, 1983. The caravanserail could not be surveyed. AMI 24, 1991, 159f. (Qal'eh Dehkheir)] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 119 Karavanserail Dehkuyeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Deh Kooyeh , Dehkuh , Dehkuyeh , دهکویه , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Dehkuyeh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dehkuyeh « Karavanserail Dehkuyeh (Abb. 5)Lage: 15 km südöstlich von Beriz, 9 km nördlich Kur deb, an der Straffe von Djahrom nach Lar. Das Karavanserail ist vollständig zerstört und abgeräumt [Karavanserail Dehkuyeh (Fig. 5)Location: 15 km southeast of Beriz, 9 km north of Kur deb, on the strait from Djahrom to Lar. The caravanserail is completely destroyed and cleared away. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 128 Karavanserail Dehnar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.30977 long 51.229822 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Dehnar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dehnar « Karavanserail Dehnar (Taf. 16,1.2) (Abb. 12; 128) (83)Lage: 15 km südöstlich von Shurab und 25 km nord-westlich von Karavanserail Sensen (Sinsin), in +1015 m ü.N.N., an der alten Karawanenroute Qom - Kashan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und vier runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 51 x 35 m Außenmaße, 30,50 x 22,30 m Hofabmessungen. Portalhöhe 6,40 m (Abb. 129).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise unter Verwendung vonBruchsteinen im Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich spätqadjarisch.fn 83 Dehnar wurde am 10. 3. 1982 vermessen. [Caravanserail Dehnar (Plate 16.1.2) (Figs. 12; 128) (83)Location: 15 km southeast of Shurab and 25 km northwest of Caravanserail Sensen (Sinsin), at an elevation of 1015 m above sea level, on the old Qom-Kashan caravan route.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable sections, and four round corner towers.Dimensions: 51 x 35 m external dimensions, 30.50 x 22.30 m courtyard dimensions. Portal height 6.40 m (Fig. 129).Building material: Mud construction usingrubble stones in the platform.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Late Qajar.fn 83 Dehnar was surveyed on March 10, 1982.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 67 Karavanserail Didgan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.356182 long 53.308451 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: indicative loction only VARIANT names: Conakergone caravensaroy , Karavanserail Didgan , ※ SOURCE for Conakergone caravensaroy « 13th [February]. About midnight set out for Conakergone, 10 farsangs; about 1 farsang from the last place is a small hill to pass, all the rest of the way plain; about 7 farsangs is a pretty good Caravensaroy, from whence must take bread, wood etc., for at Conakergone nothing to be had; the barley and straw was fetchd a farsang off, a sad ruinated place; arrived at our stage about 10 in the morning. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Didgan « Karavanserail Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5; 11) 79Lage: 35 km südlich von Dehbid und etwa 20 km östlich von Pasargadae, in + 2040 m ü. N.N., am Weg von Shiraz über das Karavanserail Bard-e Shiraz nach Yazd. Gleich-zeitig liegt Didgan an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz, die Mitte der 90er Jahre durch eine neue Trasse, die weitgehend der alten Karawanenstraße nahe Samian ent-spricht, ersetzt wurde (Abb. 5).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Wohnräumen auf der Nord-seite und Stallung hinter den Wohnräumen auf der Südseite.Der Eingang lag im Südwesten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 50 x 45m, Hofabmessungen 35 x 28 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Lehm.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark abge-tragene Ruine, nur wenige Details noch erkennbar (Abb. 111).Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Unklar, vielleicht qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhun-dert.In der Nähe des Karavanserails befanden sich die inzwi-schen ebenfalls abgetragenen Ruinen eines Badegebäudes mit drei Räumen (Abb. 112). Das in den Boden eingetiefte Gebäude war etwa 18 m lang und 5 m breit (einschließlich der Außenmauern) und hatte eine Höhe von maximal 3,30 m.79 Die Ruinen von Didgan wurden am 8. 12. 1984 vermessen. Sie waren 1987 vollständig abgerissen. [Didgan Caravanserail (Figs. 5; 11) 79Location: 35 km south of Dehbid and about 20 km east of Pasargadae, at an elevation of 2040 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz via the Bard-e Shiraz caravanserail to Yazd. Didgan is also located on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz, which was replaced in the mid-1990s by a new route largely following the old caravan route near Samian (Fig. 5).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with living quarters on the north side and stables behind the living quarters on the south side.The entrance was in the southwest.Dimensions: External dimensions 50 x 45 m, courtyard dimensions 35 x 28 m.Building material: Rubble stone and clay. Architectural features and condition: Very heavily eroded ruin, only a few details still recognizable (Fig. 111).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Unclear, perhaps Qajar, 19th century. Near the caravanserai were the now also demolished ruins of a bathhouse with three rooms (Fig. 112). The building, which was partially sunken into the ground, was approximately 18 m long and 5 m wide (including the outer walls) and had a maximum height of 3.30 m.79 The ruins of Didgan were surveyed on December 8, 1984. They were completely demolished in 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 64 Karavanserail Djambaq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.878322 long 58.591244 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Djambaq , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Djambaq « Karavanserail Djambaq (Abb. 5) (90)Lage: 30 km westlich von Khusf, 69 km südwestlich von Birdjand, an den Pisten durch die Dasht-e Lut nach Nayband und Kerman, sowie nach Shahabad und Bam (Provinz Kerman).Ein kleineres, in Lehmbauweise errichtetes Karavan-serail ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen.fn 90 L..W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 242. [Caravanserail Djambaq (Fig. 5) (90)Location: 30 km west of Khusf, 69 km southwest of Birdjand, on the tracks through the Dasht-e Lut to Nayband and Kerman, as well as to Shahabad and Bam (Kerman Province).A smaller caravanserail built of mud brick is documented, but not surveyed.fn 90 L..W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 242.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 57 Karavanserail Djowzam : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.497721 long 55.022731 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Djowzam , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Djowzam « Karavanserail Djowzam (Abb. 4; 139) (56)Lage: 56 km südwestlich von Anar (an der Einfädelung der Piste (79 km) von Robat Shams), 13 km nördlich Robat Khatun Khora, an der Straße von Anar nach Shahr-e Babak-Sirdjan (Yazd-Sirdjan - Bandar-e Abbas), in +2150 m ü. N.N.. 4 km nördlich eines Paßübergangs (+2320 m Ν. Ν.).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und zwei Stall. abteilungen, wovon die südliche Stallabteilung später ange baut ist.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37.40 × 32,80m, Hofab. messungen 23,30 x 20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Zerstört und nur noch im Grundriß, ohne Details erkennbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 56 Die Ruine wurde am 9. 3. 1986 aufgenommen. [Caravanserail Djowzam (Fig. 4; 139) (56)Location: 56 km southwest of Anar (at the junction of the 79 km track from Robat Shams), 13 km north of Robat Khatun Khora, on the road from Anar to Shahr-e Babak-Sirdjan (Yazd-Sirdjan - Bandar-e Abbas), at an elevation of 2150 m above sea level. 4 km north of a mountain pass at an elevation of 2320 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans and two stable sections, the southern stable section being a later addition.Dimensions: External dimensions 37.40 × 32.80 m, courtyard dimensions 23.30 × 20 m.Building material: Rubble stone. Architectural features and condition: Destroyed and only the ground plan remains, without any details.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qadjar, 19th century.fn 56 The ruin was photographed on March 9, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 84 Karavanserail Emam Taqi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.962207 long 59.442928 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Emam Taqi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Emam Taqi « Karavanserail Emam Taqi (Shah Taqi) (Abb. 5) (33)Lage: 13 km östlich Robat Takht-e Langar, 1 km südlich der Straßenkreuzung Neyshabur - Sang Bast und Fariman mit der Straße Mashhad - Torbat-e Heydariyeh, in + 1460 m ü. N. N. Der Bau ist zerstört und nicht vermessen. fn 33 Die Ruine eines Karavanserails wurde am 13.3. 1977 beobachtet. [ 2,144 Caravanserail Emam Taqi (Shah Taqi) (Fig. 5) (33)Location: 13 km east of Robat Takht-e Langar, 1 km south of the Neyshabur - Sang Bast and Fariman road junction with the Mashhad - Torbat-e Heydariyeh road, at an elevation of 1460 m above sea level. The structure is destroyed and has not been surveyed.fn 33 The ruins of a caravanserail were observed on March 13, 1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 36 Karavanserail Emamiyeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.676579 long 47.086805 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Karavanserail Eslamabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.112829 long 46.538294 † basis (approximate location coordinates) Supplement: most likely location based on Kleiss Abb. 134. Eslamabad (Shahabad-e Gharb), Lageskizze p. 80 VARIANT names: Harounabad caravansera , Karavanserail Eslamabad , ※ SOURCE for Harounabad caravansera « In our way through this, on the same course, we passed two Koord villages and several small settlements of reed huts; and in two hours from our first entering on it we alighted at the caravansera of Harounabad.The situation of this town, at the foot of a line of hills, with a stream of water near it, and a wide plain extending along its front is very similar to that of Kerrund. Its style of building is also the same, but it has not the fine vineyards and gardens of that place, there being no Nessereah here to consume the wine. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 70 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Eslamabad « Karavanserail Eslamabad (Islamabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) (Taf. 11,4) (Abb. 121 und 134) (99)Lage: Nördlich des vorgeschichtlichen Tepe von Shaha-bad-e Gharb im Ortsbereich von Eslamabad, an der Straßen-kreuzung Qasr-e Shirin - Kermanshah und Wegen nach Ilam und Pol-e Dukhtar (Dokhtar).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und 4 getrennten Stallabschnitten. Kuppel über dem Eingang, Halbrundtürme an den Außenfronten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 84,50 × 74,80 m, Hofmaße 47x41,50 m. Kuppeldurchmesser 8,10 m, Mauerstärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelbau (26/26/5,5 cm) auf Orthostaten-sockel. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört, teilweise vollständig abgerissen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Vergleichbar mit dem safavidischen Kara-vanserail in Bisutun, 2. Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts.fn. 99 Ebenda 245. Der Bau wurde am 9. 3. 1973 vermessen. [Eslamabad Caravanserai (Islamabad/Shahabad-e Gharb) (Plate 11,4) (Figs. 121 and 134) (99)Location: North of the prehistoric tepe of Shahabad-e Gharb in the Eslamabad area, at the intersection of Qasr-e Shirin and Kermanshah roads and the roads to Ilam and Pol-e Dukhtar (Dokhtar).Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans and four separate stable sections. Dome over the entrance, semicircular towers on the exterior facades.Dimensions: External dimensions 84.50 × 74.80 m, courtyard dimensions 47 × 41.50 m. Dome diameter 8.10 m, wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Brick construction (26 x 26 x 5.5 cm) on an orthostat base. Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged, partially completely demolished.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Comparable to the Safavid caravanserai in Bisutun, second half of the 17th century.fn. 99 Ibid. 245. The building was surveyed on March 9, 1973.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp.80-82 Karavanserail Esma'ilabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.394718 long 56.849678 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Esma'ilabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Esma'ilabad « Karavanserail Esma'ilabad (Esma'il Abad) (Taf. 21,2) (Abb. 4) (77)Lage: 22 km südlich Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru), 16 km nördlich Ravar, in +1060 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Mashhad nach Kerman. Pläne und Maße liegen nicht vor, auch der Typ ist unbekannt. Der Bau ist in gebrannten Ziegeln errichtet.Das Karavanserail konnte nicht vermessen werden.fn 77 Das Karavanserail Esma'ilabad konnte wegen ablehnender Haltung der Bevölkerung am 15.4.1982 nicht vermessen werden. [Esma'ilabad Caravanserail (Esma'il Abad) (Plate 21.2) (Fig. 4) (77)Location: 22 km south of Chah Kuru, 16 km north of Ravar, at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Kerman. No plans or dimensions are available, and the type is also unknown. The building is constructed of fired bricks.The caravanserail could not be surveyed.(fn 77) Due to the local population's opposition, the Esma'ilabad Caravanserail could not be surveyed on April 15, 1982.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 100 Karavanserail Gambut : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.804107 long 52.029226 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: only visible in oogle earth up to 9/2015 VARIANT names: Karavanserail Gambut , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gambut « Lage: 6km südlich von Polur und 5km nördlich des Paßkaravanserails von Imamzadeh Hashem in +2500 mü N.N., am Wege von Amol nach Teheran. In der Nähe eine Steinbrücke (1 Bogen, Breite 4 m) (Abb. 165).Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit hoher Zen-tralkuppel. In Hanglage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 19,00 x 15,40 m. Kuppeldurchmesser 6,50 m. Kuppelhöhe 6,80 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Kuppel partiell eingestürzt. [Location: 6 km south of Polur and 5 km north of the Imamzadeh Hashem pass caravanserail at 2500 m above sea level, on the road from Amol to Tehran. A stone bridge (1 arch, 4 m wide) is located nearby (Fig. 165).Type: Covered mountain caravanserail with a high central dome. Situated on a slope.Dimensions: External dimensions 19.00 x 15.40 m. Dome diameter 6.50 m. Dome height 6.80 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Dome partially collapsed.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 97 Karavanserail Garmab-e Shahan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.790428 long 60.193 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not identified VARIANT names: Karavanserail Garmab-e Shahan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Garmab-e Shahan « Karavanserail Garmab-e Shahan (Abb. 5) 48Lage: 87 km südöstlich von Mashhad, an einem Weg von Mashhad über Cahak nach Samangan und Torbat-e Djam, etwa 32 km nördlich Samangan. Nähere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden, das Karavanserail ist nicht vermessen. [Caravanserail Garmab-e Shahan (Fig. 5) 48Location: 87 km southeast of Mashhad, on a route from Mashhad via Cahak to Samangan and Torbat-e Djam, approximately 32 km north of Samangan. No further details are available, as the caravanserail has not been surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 44 Karavanserail Gecine (newer) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.144946 long 55.877197 Supplement: see place name « Madi » VARIANT names: Caravansera , Gacheen , Gachin , Gatchin , Gedji (Gätschin) , Gesje , Getche , Getfie , Getje , Getschijen , Ghetʃchi , Gitsi , Gitsy , Gochine , Guetchy , Karavanserail Gecine (newer) , Kishigan , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « but my indisposition kept me there till the 22. of February. That day I travelled six leagues to a Caravansera, where I rested my self till the heat of the day was over, and then got three leagues further to another Caravansera. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 5 ※ SOURCE for Gacheen « Next night wee got to Gacheen, five farfangs further; » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 125 ※ SOURCE for Gachin « As soon as the moon rose, the journey continued until eight o’clock in the morning, at which point the caravan reached the caravanserai of Gachin,(13) which is four leagues from Band ʿAli. fn 13 Present-day Gachin-e Pāʿin, meaning “Gachin of the Sea”; see Speelman, Joan Cunaeus, n.p. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 292 ※ SOURCE for Gatchin « At 6 miles 1 furlong the road crosses a very shallow water-course, choked with sand, and about 60 yards broad. On its eastern banks we pass the ruins of a caravanserai, and a well, which latter, by native report, contains drinkable water. Another 1½ furlongs brings us to an old and delapidated caravanserai, and at 6 miles 3 furlongs we pass the large cistern of Gatchin. Altitude above sea, 3 feet. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 35 ※ SOURCE for Gedji (Gätschin) « den 27. zur Karawanserei, vor welcher ein Schilfdorf, von Lappen und Stroh erbaut, liegt, Gedji (Gätschin) 6 Farsach.... Weiter ½ Farsach zu den Geddji (Gätschin-)Karawansereien, deren erste verfallen, die andre no brauchbar war. [the 27th to the caravanserai, in front of which lies a reed village built of rags and straw, Gedji (Gätschin) 6 Farsach. ... Continue ½ Farsach to the Geddji (Gätschin) caravanserais, the first of which fell into disrepair and the other was no longer usable.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 124 ※ SOURCE for Gesje « We see a bridge there, which is a quarter of a league long, but we should not ignore it because it is broken in the middle. I approached it and found that it was 7. not wide, many arches and a parapet on both sides. We arrived at one o'clock in the morning at the Caravanserai of Gesje, after a journey of 5 leagues » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 319 ※ SOURCE for Getche « whereby I was encouraged to auspicate a more Coelestial Path might lead us to Getche (1) in the Turkish Language signifying a Goat Village; fn. 1 Geche in Fryer's map is Gachin, 12 miles E. of Band 'Ali. "Next night we got to Gacheen, five farsangs further [from Band 'Ali]" (Herbert, 125). From the great Bridg to Guitchi is one of the most pleasant countries in all Persia, being a continu'd Grove. Guitchi is a place accommodated with two Inns, one a very fine one and convenient: the other very badly seated, by reason of the dust that con- tinually annoys it standing upon a sandy ground" (Tavernier, 255). Elsewhere (48) he calls it Guetchy. "Traversing a desert valley bounded on north and south by low hills of grey marl, the scattered village of Gachin is reached, surrounded by date groves" (Wilson, Geog. Journ. xxxi (1903), 153. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 184 « March 5th. About 3 afternoon sett out for Getchee, 6 farsangs. Half way is a bridge and some water that you must pass over. About 7 at night arrived at our Marell. note: Diary of 5 March 1707/8. Getchee. Gachîn. See Fryer, II, 184 and n. 1. Le Bruyn also halted at Gesje in 1705 (II, 10), where he found women "who sold fresh butter, with eggs and good fowls," but the water was "very indifferent." When he returned in the following year (II, 134) he calls the place Getjie. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Getfie « en namen ons verblyf in cen Karrawaniera, Getfie genaamd, en ontrent een dorp gelegen, diens huizingen niet dan hutten waren. Alhier vonden wy, tot onze groote blydſchap, ver- ſcheide Europianen, die, van Gamron komende, zyn Ed: quamen welkom hieten, namelyk de Heer Hoogkamer, Koopman, en opper-hoofd van de E. Compagnies handel tot Congo, Monfr. Prins, onder-Koopman en pakhuis meeſter, Sr. Van der Hoop, Fiscaal, benevens eenige afſiſtenten Wy zagen op de weg veel plantagie van Dadel-boomen, ook veel coloquint-appelen, als mede veel genees kruiden. Alhier quamen ook zeer veel Benjanen. [and took up our abode in a Karrawaniera, called Getfie, situated near a village, the houses of which were nothing but huts. Here we found, to our great joy, several Europeans who, coming from Gamron, welcomed his Ed:men, namely the Lord Hoogkamer, Merchant, and chief of the E. Company trade to Congo, Monfr. Prince, sub-merchant and warehouse master, Sr. Van der Hoop, Fiscaal, as well as some local residents. We saw many plantations of date trees on the road, also many coloquint apples, as well as many medicinal herbs. Many Benjans also came here.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 pp. 266-7 ※ SOURCE for Getje « Den 8.dito quam hy ten half zes in Getje in de ruftplaats, van welke Carrawanfera Bandali myl mylen afgelegen is. [On the 8th he arrived at half past five in Getje, at the resting place, from which Carrawanfera Bandali is several miles distant.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 272 « Den 11. dito na 2½ myl, quam zyn Ed: in Getje. [The 11th ditto after 2½ miles, near his Ed: in Getje.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Getschijen « quamen met een westelijke cours des morgens ten 6 uuren in de serae getchjien, waar in men, schoon vrij vervallen, egter logeerde [arrived at the serae getchjien at 6 o'clock in the morning with a westerly course, where, although quite dilapidated, they nevertheless stayed] » #3298 Ketelaar embassy in 1.04.02 Inventaris van het archief van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC), 1602-1795 (1811) section 1901 1719. IIIIII. Derde boek: Batavia, derde deel 1719 1719 (old KA 1793), ~ f. 978v « ... ;KA 1793, fol. 987b. (Getschijen); ... » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 85 fn. 131 ※ SOURCE for Ghetʃchi « Wednesday the eighth of April, about fix of the Clock in the Morning, we came to a covered Kervanʃiray called Ghetʃchi, fix Agatseb from Courefton: There is another belides, cloſe by, by, which is not covered, but like the reft in all things elfe, and a little ruinous. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 134 ※ SOURCE for Gitsi « 22 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385 ※ SOURCE for Gitsy « De gemelte brugh legt ontrent halver wegh, sulcx noch 24, mijl verder gereden sijnde ontrent 5 ditos van Gitsy ten negen uuren [The melting bridge is about half way, about 24 miles further, it was about 5 ditos from Gitsy at nine o'clock] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 40 « 7 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 359 ※ SOURCE for Gochine « 18 The 18th daye we came to Gochine [Gachin], acaravansero in a wildernesse, wher we found,contrarie to our expectation, refreshing both for man and horse, as egges, milke, dates and mosssuch as that poore place yeeldes, and haye for horses. Here we picht by a tanck a litle from the howse, haueing traveled 6 lges. of very fayerwaye and pies ant by res on of the green bushes wehgrowes all this waye, and in some places groues of date trees. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ pp. 84-5 ※ SOURCE for Guetchy « je fis le reste de ma traite, qui étoit de trois lieues et demie, dans ces sables mouvans dont j'ai parlé, où l'on ne reconnoît ni sentier ni traces, à force d'être remués par les vents et par le gravier, que les débordemens d'eau y amassent. ... . On le nomme Guetchy (1), mot qui signifie chèvre en arabe, parce qu'on en élève beaucoup aux environs. Il y a tout proche une trentaine de cabanes de bois et de feuilles de dattier, fn. 1 Ketchy. Ce mot est turk; la chèvre re nomme a'nz en arabe, et buz en persan. C'est, dit Fryer (New account of cast India and Persia, etc., p. 133) un village, sur roues, on wheels, placé au milieu d'une vallée sablonnense, qui ne produit que des buissons et des tonces dont les chamcaux font leur nourriture. (L-s.) [I did the rest of my haul, which was three and a half leagues, in these shifting sands of which I spoke, where we recognize neither path nor traces, due to being moved by the winds and by the gravel , which the overflows of water collect there. .... It is called Guetchy (1), a word which means goat in Arabic, because many of them are raised in the surrounding area. There are around thirty wooden and date leaf huts nearby, fn. 1 Ketchy. This word is Turk; the goat is renamed a'nz in Arabic, and buz in Persian. It is, says Fryer (New account of cast India and Persia, etc., p. 133) a village, on wheels, placed in the middle of a sandy valley, which produces only bushes and tons of which the camels make their food. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 502-3 « Le 20, me trouvant pressé par les médecins d'emmener mes gens hors du Bander-Abassi, ... Je partis sur le soir, avec le chef de la compagnie française, et j'ar- rivai à minuit à Guetchy (1), qui est à sept lieues de Bander-Abassi. fn. 1 Lisez Ketchy, et voyez ci-dessus, t. VIII, p. 503. (L-s.) [On the 20th, finding myself urged by the doctors to take my people out of Bander-Abassi, ... I left in the evening, with the head of the French company, and I arrived at Guetchy at midnight (1) , which is seven leagues from Bander-Abassi. fn. 1 Read Ketchy, and see above, t. VIII, p. 503. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gecine (newer) « Karavanserail Gecine (Gacin/Gachin) (Taf. 25,4) (Abb. 7; 212) (102)Lage: 17 km westlich Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad, 25 km östlich der Rud-e Kul-Brücke, in + 30 m ü. N. N., an der Route von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar. Am Ort sind ein älterer und ein jüngerer und größerer Bau sowie zwei runde Zisternen erhalten.Der jüngere, größere Bau:Typ: Quadratischer, innen kreuzförmiger Bau. Zwei-raum-Gruppen an den Nord-, West- und Südecken und eine dreischiffige Halle in der Ostecke (Abb. 213).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 17,80 × 17,80 m, Gebäu-dehöhe 3,50 m.fn 102 Die Bauten von Gecine (Gacin) wurden am 3. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Gecine (Gacin/Gachin) Caravanserail (Plate 25.4) (Figs. 7; 212) (102)Location: 17 km west of Mogh Ahmad Caravanserail, 25 km east of the Rud-e Kul Bridge, at an elevation of 30 m above sea level, on the route from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. An older and a newer, larger structure, as well as two round cisterns, are preserved at the site.The newer, larger structure:Type: Square building with a cruciform interior. Two-room groups at the north, west, and south corners and a three-aisled hall in the east corner (Fig. 213). Dimensions: External dimensions 17.80 × 17.80 m, building height 3.50 m.fn 102 The buildings of Gecine (Gacin) were surveyed on March 3, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 119 ※ SOURCE for Kishigan « (35) Kishigan [? sic] to Hurmuzor Bandar (Gämbrun)-6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 Karavanserail Gecine (old) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.144582 long 55.877074 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Gecine (old) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gecine (old) « Karavanserail Gecine (Gacin/Gachin) (Taf. 25,4) (Abb. 7; 212) (102)Lage: 17 km westlich Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad, 25 km östlich der Rud-e Kul-Brücke, in + 30 m ü. N. N., an der Route von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar. Am Ort sind ein älterer und ein jüngerer und größerer Bau sowie zwei runde Zisternen erhalten.Der ältere Bau:Typ: Rechteckbau, innen kreuzförmig mit viermal zwei Eckräumen. Aus dem Pavillon-Typ entwickelt.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 18,20 × 13,30 m, Durch-messer der Vierung 3 m, Höhenmaße fehlen.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Eingänge haben jeweils einen kleinen, iwanartigen Vorraum; vollstän-dig eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.fn 102 Die Bauten von Gecine (Gacin) wurden am 3. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Gecine (Gacin/Gachin) Caravanserai (Plate 25.4) (Figs. 7; 212) (102)Location: 17 km west of the Mogh Ahmad Caravanserai, 25 km east of the Rud-e Kul Bridge, at an elevation of 30 m above sea level, on the route from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. An older and a newer, larger structure, as well as two round cisterns, remain at the site.The older structure:Type: Rectangular building, cruciform interior with four sets of two corner rooms. Developed from the pavilion type.Dimensions: External dimensions 18.20 × 13.30 m, diameter of the crossing 3 m, height measurements missing.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The entrances each have a small, iwan-like vestibule; completely collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 102 The buildings of Gecine (Gacin) were surveyed on March 3, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 119 Karavanserail Gili, 30 km südöstlich von Arak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.896319 long 49.889051 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Gili, 30 km südöstlich von Arak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gili, 30 km südöstlich von Arak « Karavanserail Gili, 30 km südöstlich von Arak (Abb. 3 und 71) (36)Lage:: An der modernen Asphaltstraße von Arak nach Khomein, auf einer leichten Anhöhe südlich des Dorfes, wohl an der Stelle der Gendarmerie-Station, in + 1840 m ü.N.N. Das Karavanserail, von älteren Bewohnern noch er-wähnt, ist vollständig abgerissen worden. Die Datierung und der Typ sind ungewiß.fn. 36 Der Ort Gili wurde am 27. 5. 1995 besucht. [Gili Caravanserai, 30 km southeast of Arak (Figs. 3 and 71) (36)Location: On the modern asphalt road from Arak to Khomein, on a slight hill south of the village, probably at the site of the gendarmerie station, at +1840 m above sea level. The caravanserai, still mentioned by older residents, has been completely demolished. The date and type are uncertain.fn. 36 The site of Gili was visited on May 27, 1995.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 46-9 Karavanserail Ginao : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.44574 long 56.298684 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Ginao , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ginao « Karavanserail Ginao (Genu) (Taf. 24,2) (Abb. 7; 206) (99)Lage: 18 km südlich des Abanbar Abadeh Gohreh, 49 km nördlich von Bandar-e Abbas, in + 170 m ü. N. N., an der Straße (um 2 km nach Osten verlegt) von Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas.Heute ein Ausflugsort für Bandar-e Abbas liegt der Bau an warmen Heilquellen. Der alte Karawanenweg zeich-net sich im Gelände ab.Typ: Pavillonbau mit neun Kuppeln und vier Eingän-gen, sowie einem südlichen Vorbau (Abb. 207).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne den Vorbau 13,30 × 13,30 m, Gebäudehöhe im Zentrum auf 5,20 m rekonstru-iert.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen und eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch. fn 99 Die Ruine von Ginao wurde am 2. 11. 1990 vermessen. [Caravanserail Ginao (Genu) (Plate 24.2) (Figs. 7; 206) (99)Location: 18 km south of Abanbar Abadeh Gohreh, 49 km north of Bandar-e Abbas, at an elevation of 170 m above sea level, on the road (moved 2 km eastward) from Sirdjan to Bandar-e Abbas.Today a popular destination for day trips from Bandar-e Abbas, the structure is situated near hot springs. The old caravan route is still visible in the landscape.Type: Pavilion-style building with nine domes and four entrances, as well as a southern porch (Fig. 207).Dimensions: External dimensions without the porch: 13.30 × 13.30 m, building height at the center reconstructed to 5.20 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Architectural features and condition: Severely dilapidated and collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 99 The ruins of Ginao were surveyed on November 2, 1990.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 117 Karavanserail Gur Djangali (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.55431 long 51.211917 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: exact location not known VARIANT names: Karavanserail Gur Djangali (?) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Gur Djangali (?) « Karavanserail Gur Djangali (Taf. 32,3) (Abb. 12; 291) 15)Lage: 28 km südöstlich Gandoman und 47 km südlich Borudjen, in 2210 m ü.N.N., am Weg durch das Zagrosgebir-ge von Esfahan über Borudjen nach Pataveh und weiter an den Persischen Golf. Lage auf einem Felsausläufer neben ei-nem Nomadenfriedhof (Abb. 291).Typ: Langrechteckige Anlage, in vier Bauphasen errich-tet. Kernstück ist eine Hofanlage mit dreiseitiger Anlage von Räumen und einem Eingangsiwan. Daran im Osten angebaut ein zweiter Hof mit nur zwei gegenüberliegenden Raumrei-hen und weiter im Osten eine ummauerte Freifläche auf dem Felsvorsprung. Im Westen wurden zwei tonnengewölbte Stallungen vor den ursprünglichen Eingang gesetzt (Abb. 292).Abmessungen: 67 x 27 m Gesamtausdehnung (ohne Turmvorsprünge), Höhe der Gewölberäume 2,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf ein Ge-wölbe ist die Anlage vollständig verstürzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, in vier Baupha-sen im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet.Im Bereich der Ruine wurde grauschwarze, unglasierte Keramik (Abb. 293, oben) und türkisfarben glasierte Ware (Abb. 293, Mitte und unten) gefunden.152 Die Anlagen wurden am 30. 9. 1989 aufgenommen.153 Gur Djangali wurde am 15. 5. 1991 vermessen. [Caravanserai Gur Djangali (Plate 32.3) (Figs. 12; 291) 15)Location: 28 km southeast of Gandoman and 47 km south of Borujen, at 2210 m above sea level, on the route through the Zagros Mountains from Isfahan via Borujen to Pataveh and on to the Persian Gulf. Situated on a rocky outcrop next to a nomadic cemetery (Fig. 291).Type: Long rectangular structure, built in four phases. The core is a courtyard with a three-sided layout of rooms and an entrance iwan. Adjoining this to the east is a second courtyard with only two opposing rows of rooms, and further east is a walled open area on the rocky promontory. To the west, two barrel-vaulted stables were added in front of the original entrance (Fig. 292). [The text abruptly ends here, so the translation stops here.] Dimensions: 67 x 27 m overall dimensions (excluding tower projections), height of the vaulted chambers 2.60 m.Building material: Rubble masonry in mortar bond.Structural features and condition: Except for one vault, the entire structure has collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, built in four phases during the 19th century.In the area of ??the ruins, gray-black, unglazed pottery (Fig. 293, top) and turquoise-glazed ware (Fig. 293, middle and bottom) were found.152 The site was surveyed on September 30, 1989.153 Gur Djangali was surveyed on May 15, 1991.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 147 Karavanserail Haruz Sofla : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207242 , Karavanserail Haruz Sofla , karvansaraye ruz , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207242 EAMENA-0207242 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Haruz Sofla « Karavanserail Haruz Sofla (Huroz Sofla) (Taf. 22,1) (Abb. 4; 179)80Lage: 21 km südlich Abid Serail, 8 km nördlich Sohredj (Sorech), in +2120 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Mashhad nach Kerman.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei Iwanen und einer iwan-artigen, rückwärtigen Nische, wobei die beiden seitlichen Iwane die Eingänge in die in den Seitenflügeln gelegenen Stallungen sind.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 33,90 × 33,70 m, Hofab-messungen 20,70 × 12,80 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 5,20 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 5,50 m. [Caravanserail Haruz Sofla (Huroz Sofla) (Plate 22.1) (Fig. 4; 179)80Location: 21 km south of Abid Serail, 8 km north of Sohredj (Sorech), at an elevation of 2120 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with three iwans and an iwan-like rear alcove, the two side iwans being the entrances to the stables located in the side wings.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 33.90 × 33.70 m, courtyard dimensions 20.70 × 12.80 m, courtyard facade height 5.20 m, entrance facade height 5.50 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 103 Karavanserail Hashem (Hasham) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 26.7423 long 55.1858 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: location based on coordinates at iDAI.objects arachne VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hashem (Hasham) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hashem (Hasham) « Karavanserail Hashem (Hasham) (Abb. 7; 238) (118)Lage: 45 km südwestlich der Ortschaft Dezhgan (Dežgan), 97 km südwestlich von Karavanserail Qal'eh Chuno, 43 km nordöstlich von Bandar-e Langeh, in +5 m über der Clarence-Straße, die die Insel Qeshm vom Fest- land trennt, an der Küstenstraße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Bandar-e Langeh. Neben dem Karavanserail liegen die Ruinen von vier rechteckigen Zisternen.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail mit einer kreuzförmigen Halle und vier quadratischen Eckräumen (Abb. 239).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die halbrunden Pfei- lervorsprünge 15,20 × 15,20 m, Gebäudehöhe (rekonstru- iert) 5 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das statisch labile Pfeilersystem ist, verursacht durch Erdbeben, fast vollständig eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch. fn. 118 Karavanserail Hashem wurde am 11.3.1986 vermessen. [Caravanserail Hashem (Hasham) (Fig. 7; 238) (118)Location: 45 km southwest of the town of Dezhgan (Dežgan), 97 km southwest of the Qal'eh Chuno caravanserail, 43 km northeast of Bandar-e Langeh, +5 m above the Clarence Strait, which separates the island of Qeshm from the mainland, on the coastal road from Bandar-e Abbas to Bandar-e Langeh. Next to the caravanserail are the ruins of four rectangular cisterns.Type: Pavilion caravanserail with a cross-shaped hall and four square corner rooms (Fig. 239).Dimensions: External dimensions without the semi-circular pillar projections 15.20 × 15.20 m, building height (reconstructed) 5 m.Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: The statically unstable pillar system has almost completely collapsed due to earthquakes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn. 118 Caravanserail Hashem was surveyed on March 11, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ pp. 130-1 Hashem, Hormozgan Province online reference link [accessed 19 Nov 2024] Karavanserail Hassanabad 1 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.366166 long 51.235369 † basis (approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hassanabad 1 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hassanabad 1 « Karavanserail Hassanabad 1 (Taf. 24.1.2) (Abb. 155 und 225) (147)Lage: 2 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Kenargird, in +1040 m ü. N.N., an der im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunden ausgebauten Route westlich des Salzsees von Qom, an der Strecke Teheran - Qom gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen, in der Nordwest-ecke ein isolierter Wohnhof.Abmessungen: Von der erhaltenen Bausubstanz wird eine Fläche von 95 × 80 m überbaut. Der Ostteil des Kom-plexes ist durch den Straßenbau weitgehend zerstört. Im Nordosten steht - isoliert vom Karavanserail - die Zisterne (Abanbar). Hofmaße 50 x 50 m. Höhe der Hoffronten ym.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Hoffassaden(Abb. 226) haben einen Abschluß, der durch die Spitzbogen gebildet wird, ohne einen oberen horizontalen Abschluß. Das Gebäude ist schwer beschädigt, aber teilweise restauriert worden.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, Ende 19. Jahrhundert, im Rah-men des Ausbaus der westlichen Route Teheran - Qom.fn 147 Karavanserail Hassanabad I wurde am 10. 10. 1977 im Grundris und am 7. 12. 1977 im Querschnitt vermessen. Das Karavanserail wurde zu diesem Zeitpunkt partiell restauriert. [Caravanserail Hassanabad 1 (Plate 24.1.2) (Figs. 155 and 225) (147) Location: 2 km southwest of the Kenargird caravanserail, at +1040 m above sea level, on the route west of the Qom salt lake, developed in the late 19th century, on the Tehran-Qom line. Type: Courtyard caravanserail with 4 iwans, an isolated residential courtyard in the northwest corner. Dimensions: The remaining structure covers an area of ??95 × 80 m. The eastern part of the complex has been largely destroyed by road construction. The cistern (abanbar) stands in the northeast, isolated from the caravanserail.” Courtyard dimensions 50 x 50 m. Height of the courtyard facades ym. Building material: Fired bricks. Structural features and condition: The courtyard facades (Fig. 226) have a termination formed by the pointed arches, without an upper horizontal termination. The building is severely damaged but has been partially restored. Inscriptions: are unknown. Dating: Qajar, late 19th century, as part of the development of the western route Tehran - Qom.fn 147 Caravanserail Hassanabad I was surveyed in plan on October 10, 1977, and in cross-section on December 7, 1977. The caravanserail was partially restored at this time.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 130 Karavanserail Hauz-e (Howz-e) Khan-e Pandj : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.234097 long 56.256195 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hauz-e (Howz-e) Khan-e Pandj , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hauz-e (Howz-e) Khan-e Pandj « Karavanserail Hauz-e (Howz-e) Khan-e Pandj (Taf. 19,1) (Abb. 4; 160) (70)Lage: 20 km südlich Kuhbanan (Kuhbonan), 20 km nördlich des Karavanserails Rizu, an der Karawanenroute von Kerman über Zarand und Kuhbanan und weiter über Behabad nach Robat Posht-e Badam-Khur-Semnan oder Shahrud, in + 1880 m ü. N. N.Typ: Rechteckbau aus fünf Räumen mit Mitteliwan.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 15,50 × 9,60 m, Höhe der Innenräume bis 3,50 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 4,20 m (Abb. 161).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lesesteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise ver-fallen, wird als Stall genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 70 Hauz-e Khan-e Pandj wurde am 12.5.1993 vermessen. [Hauz-e (Howz-e) Khan-e Pandj Caravanserail (Plate 19.1) (Fig. 4; 160) (70)Location: 20 km south of Kuhbanan (Kuhbonan), 20 km north of the Rizu Caravanserail, on the caravan route from Kerman via Zarand and Kuhbanan and onward via Behabad to Robat Posht-e Badam-Khur-Semnan or Shahrud, at an elevation of 1880 m above sea level.Type: Rectangular building consisting of five rooms with a central iwan.Dimensions: External dimensions 15.50 × 9.60 m, interior room height up to 3.50 m, entrance facade height 4.20 m (Fig. 161).Building material: Mud bricks and fieldstones.Structural features and condition: Partially dilapidatedused as a stable. Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 70 Hauz-e Khan-e Panj was surveyed on May 12, 1993.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 94 Karavanserail Hauz-e Pandj : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207241 , Karavanserail Hauz-e Pandj , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207241 EAMENA-0207241 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hauz-e Pandj « Lage: 26 km südlich Ravar, 22 km nordwestlich von Abid Serail, in + 1400 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Mash-had nach Kerman. Am Ort befinden sich das Karavanserail, eine große Zisterne mit oktogonalem Eingangsbau, ein Toilettengebäude und ein Hügel, in dem sich ein Lehmbau abzeichnet, wahrscheinlich ein verfallener Vorgänger des Karavanserails (Abb. 175).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen die Eingänge in die beiden Stallungen in den Seitenflügeln sind (Abb. 176).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37,20 × 33,20 m, Hofab-messungen 20,60 × 12,50 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 5,20 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 5,50 m. [Location: 26 km south of Ravar, 22 km northwest of Abid Serail, at an elevation of 1400 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Kerman. The site contains the caravanserail, a large cistern with an octagonal entrance structure, a toilet building, and a mound in which the outline of a mud-brick structure is visible, probably a ruined predecessor of the caravanserail (Fig. 175).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, the two side ones serving as entrances to the two stables in the side wings (Fig. 176).Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 37.20 × 33.20 m, courtyard dimensions 20.60 × 12.50 m, height of courtyard facades 5.20 m, height of entrance facade 5.50 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 101 Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 1 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.081114 long 51.110882 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 1 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan 1 « Karavanserail Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (Taf. 18,2 und 18,3) (Abb. 3 und 96), an der Strecke von Teheran nach QomLage: Etwa 30 km südlich des Karavanserails Kenargird (Kenargerd) und 30 km nördlich des Karavanserails Sadra-bad, an der safavidischen Straße von Teheran nach Qom und an einer Querverbindung vom Karavanserail Daihr zum Ka-ravanserail Aliabad (westlich des Salzsees von Qom), in +800 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: 1. Älterer, wohl safavidischer Bau als Hofkaravan-serail mit zwei Iwanen (Abb. 97) und fünf getrennten Stallungen. 2. Anbau, 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Hofkara vanserail mit vier Iwanen, durchgehenden Stallungen und ei nem von Nischen und Räumen umgebenen Vorhof.3. Ein Caparkhaneh in Hofform, mit schweren Rund. türmen und einer großen Zisterne außerhalb des Karavanse rails.Abmessungen: Das ältere Karavanserail hat 41 × 33 m Außenabmessungen, 14,50 × 11,50 m Hofabmessungen und ist 5,20 m hoch.Der Anbau hat eine äußere Abmessung von 129 × 58 m. Der Hof mißt 42 x 29 m und der Vorhof 53 × 20 m. Der lang-gestreckte Anbau erreicht eine maximale Höhe (ohne die Schornsteine) von 7,50 m (Abb.98 und 99).Das Caparkhaneh hat eine Außenabmessung von 30 x 25 m und die Zisterne einen Durchmesser von 16 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die hochaufra-genden Schornsteine bilden eine bauliche Besonderheit. Die Anlage weist partielle Beschädigungen auf.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Älterer Bau safavidisch - Erweiterungsbau qadjarisch, 2. Hälfte 19. Jahrh. [Hauz-e Sultan Caravanserai (Howz-e Soltan) (Plates 18.2 and 18.3) (Figs. 3 and 96), on the Tehran-Qom routeLocation: Approximately 30 km south of the Kenargird Caravanserai and 30 km north of the Sadra-bad Caravanserai, on the Safavid road from Tehran to Qom and on a connecting road between the Daihr Caravanserai and the Aliabad Caravanserai (west of the Qom Salt Lake), at an elevation of 800 m above sea level.Type: 1. An older, likely Safavid, courtyard caravanserai with two iwans (Fig. 97) and five separate stables.2. Extension, second half of the 19th century, as a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, continuous stables, and a forecourt surrounded by niches and rooms.3. A courtyard-style caravanserail with heavy round towers and a large cistern outside the caravanserail.Dimensions: The older caravanserail has external dimensions of 41 × 33 m, a courtyard of 14.50 × 11.50 m, and is 5.20 m high.The extension has external dimensions of 129 × 58 m. The courtyard measures 42 × 29 m and the forecourt 53 × 20 m. The elongated extension reaches a maximum height (excluding the chimneys) of 7.50 m (Figs. 98 and 99).The Caparkhaneh has external dimensions of 30 x 25 m, and the cistern has a diameter of 16 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The towering chimneys are a distinctive architectural feature. The structure exhibits some damage.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Older structure Safavid – extension Qajar, second half of the 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 62 Karavanserail Hesar Sorkh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.724971 long 51.568265 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: Sorkheh Hesar cycling track to south VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hesar Sorkh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hesar Sorkh « Karavanserail Hesar Sorkh (Sorkheh Hesar) (Taf. 16,1) (Abb. 155 und 176) (122)Lage: Am östlichen Stadtrand von Teheran, an der Aus-fallstraße nach Damavand, Amol und Firuzkuh gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Wohnhof, ohne be-sondere Iwan-Ausbildung.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 52 × 43,50 m. Hofmaße 28,50 x 24,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan-serail ist baulich stark verändert. Die Kuppelgewölbe sind durch Flachdecken ersetzt, der Bau wird wirtschaftlich ge-nutzt. fn 122 Der Bau wurde am 20. 11. 1975 vermessen. [Caravanserail Hesar Sorkh (Sorkheh Hesar) (Plate 16.1) (Figs. 155 and 176) (122)Location: On the eastern outskirts of Tehran, on the main road leading to Damavand, Amol, and Firuzkuh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with a residential courtyard, without a special iwan (a type of terraced house).Dimensions: External dimensions 52 × 43.50 m. Courtyard dimensions 28.50 × 24.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserail has undergone significant structural alterations. The domed vaults have been replaced by flat ceilings, and the building is used for commercial purposes.fn 122 The building was surveyed on November 20, 1975.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 101 Karavanserail Howz-e Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.182206 long 57.362869 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Howz-e Khan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Howz-e Khan « Karavanserail Howz-e Khan (Abb. 5) (122)Lage: Etwa 30 km südlich von Nayband und 22 km nördlich des Karavanserails Cehel Payeh, an der Karawa nenroute (westlich der modernen Straße) von Mashhad nach Kerman.Das Karavanserail ist erhalten, nicht besucht und nicht vermessen.fn 122 Das Karavanserail liegt westlich abseits der modernen Hauptstraße. [ 519 Caravanserail Howz-e Khan (Fig. 5) (122)Location: Approximately 30 km south of Nayband and 22 km north of the Cehel Payeh caravanserail, on the caravan route (west of the modern road) from Mashhad to Kerman.The caravanserail is preserved, but has not been visited or surveyed.fn 122 The caravanserail is located west of the modern main road.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 78 Karavanserail Kabud Gonbad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.469954 long 51.747011 † basis (approximate location coordinates) Supplement: location approximate and needs confirmation VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kabud Gonbad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kabud Gonbad « « Karavanserail Eyvan-e Key (Taf. 22,2 und 22,3) (Abb.7 und 120) an der Straße Teheran - Mashhad (Khorassan-Straße)Lage: Am westlichen Ortsrand von Eyvan-e Key, 71 km vom südöstlichen Stadtrand von Teheran (Meydan-e Khoras san) entfernt, in + 1120 m ü. N.Ν. » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~p. 72 » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 116 Karavanserail Kahrizak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.516385 long 51.367611 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kahrizak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kahrizak « Karavanserail Kahrizak (Abb. 155) 145Lage: 10km südlich von Teheran-Rey, am Wege von Te-heran nach Qom (mittlere Route über Hauz-e Sultan).Typ: Hofkaravanserail.Abmessungen: unbekannt.Baumaterial: Ziegelbau.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise abge-rissen, der Rest vom Dorf um- und überbaut.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.Datierung: Qadjarisch, Ende 19. Jahrhundert, im Rah-men des Ausbaus der westlichen Route Teheran - Qom.fn 145 Vom Karavanserail Kahrizak sind in den 70er Jahren des 20. Jahrhun-derts noch spärliche Reste in der Mauerstruktur des modernen Dorfes an der Hauptstraße nach Kenargerd sichtbar gewesen. Am 20. 11. 1977 besucht. [Caravanserail Kahrizak (Fig. 155) 145Location: 10 km south of Tehran-Rey, on the road from Tehran to Qom (central route via Hauz-e Sultan).Type: Courtyard caravanserail.Dimensions: Unknown.Building material: Brick construction.Structural features and condition: Partially demolished, the remainder built over and surrounded by the village.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.Dating: Qajar, late 19th century, during the development of the western route from Tehran to Qom.Fig. 145: In the 1970s, sparse remains of the Kahrizak caravanserail were still visible in the wall structure of the modern village on the main road to Kenargerd. Visited on November 20, 1977.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 130 Karavanserail Kalmard : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.491432 long 56.275526 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kalmard , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kalmard « Karavanserail Kalmard (Taf. 28,3 und 28,4) (Abb. 5 und 86) (101)Lage: 38 km südwestlich von Robat-e Gur (Kur) und 27 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Khan, an der Karawanen-straße von Neyshabur und Tabas nach Yazd.Am Ort sind ein älterer Bau (Robat), ein Karavan-serail, eine Wachtturm-Ruine mit 6,60 m äußerem Durch-messer, eine Zisterne und ein Ziegelbrennofen aus der Erbauungszeit des Karavanserails erhalten. Am Felsen öst-lich des Robats tritt eine Süßwasserquelle zutage (Abb. 86). [ 1,919 / 5,000 Kalmard Caravanserai (Plates 28.3 and 28.4) (Figs. 5 and 86) (101)Location: 38 km southwest of Robat-e Gur (Kur) and 27 km northeast of Robat-e Khan, on the caravan route from Neyshabur and Tabas to Yazd.An older building (robat), a caravanserai, a watchtower ruin with an outer diameter of 6.60 m, a cistern, and a brick kiln from the time of the caravanserai's construction have been preserved at the site. A freshwater spring emerges from the rock east of the robat (Fig. 86).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 63-4 Karavanserail Kamaradj I : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.633416 long 51.482677 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kamaradj I , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kamaradj I « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei Iwanen und vier Stallab-teilungen, sowie vier Höfen in den Ecken. Der Portalbau ist hervorgehoben, die Eingangsfront wird von zwei je sieben-seitigen Ecktürmen, die Rückfront von zwei Rundtürmen flankiert (Abb. 34). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 77.50 x 67 m, Hofabmes sungen 43,20 x 35.50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 6,40 m, Höhe der Ecktürme 7,80 m (Abb. 11). [Type: Courtyard caravanserail with three iwans and four stable sections, as well as four courtyards at the corners. The portal building is prominent; the entrance facade is flanked by two seven-sided corner towers, and the rear facade by two round towers (Fig. 34).Dimensions: External dimensions 77.50 x 67 m, courtyard dimensions 43.20 x 35.50 m, height of the portal structure 6.40 m, height of the corner towers 7.80 m (Fig. 11).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 29 Karavanserail Karcan (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.157406 long 50.000109 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Karcan (?) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Karcan (?) « Karavanserail Karcan (Taf. 12,1 und 12,2) an der Straße von Qom nach Arak und weiter nach Khuzestan (Abb. 3 und 70)"Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 31 km östlich von Arak am Rande eines aufgelassenen Dorfes in + 1600 m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit dreiseitiger Umbauung. Auf der vierten Hofseite mindestens eine teilweise Bebauung in Resten vorhanden.Abmessungen: 34,50 × 29,70 m Außenmaße, 24,80 x 19,80 m Hofabmessungen, Gesamthöhe 4 m.Baumaterial: Lehmpackungen und Lehmziegel(20/20/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude besitzt außer dem Eingangsiwan noch einen weiteren iwan-artigen Raum in der nordwestlichen Hofecke. Der Bau ist teilweise Ruine und wird teilweise als Stallung benutzt.Inschriften:sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Spätqadjarisch, Ende 19. Jahrhundert. [Karcan Caravanserai (Plates 12.1 and 12.2) on the road from Qom to Arak and on to Khuzestan (Figs. 3 and 70)Location: The caravanserai is located 31 km east of Arak on the edge of an abandoned village at an elevation of 1600 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with three-sided enclosure. At least partial remnants of a building remain on the fourth side of the courtyard.Dimensions: 34.50 × 29.70 m external dimensions, 24.80 × 19.80 m courtyard dimensions, total height 4 m.Building materials: Clay packing and mud bricks(20/20/5 cm).Structural features and condition: In addition to the entrance iwan, the building has another iwan-like room in the northwest corner of the courtyard. The structure is partially ruined and partially reconstructed. Used as a stable.Inscriptions:are unknown.Dating: Late Qajar, end of the 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 46 Karavanserail Kavar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none used kilometre position coordinate: lat 29.188652 long 52.695065 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kavar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kavar « Karavanserail Kavar (Taf. 24,2.3) (Abb. 5; 197) (131)Lage: 39 km südlich des Karavanserails Bid Zard, 21 km nördlich des Karavanserails Tang-e Zandjiran und 2 km nördlich einer Straßenstation am Südufer des Rudkhaneh Mand, in +1540 m ü. N.N., an der Karawanenroute von Shiraz nach Firuzabad.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei winkelför- migen Stallabteilungen im Nord- und Südflügel und runden Ecktürmen an der Eingangsfassade. In den Gebäudeecken vier oktogonale Räume, die direkt vom Hof her zugänglich sind.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge48,50 × 44,50 m, Hofabmessungen 28,50 x 28,50 m, Höhen-maße liegen nicht vor.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan- serail war im Jahre seiner Vermessung im Grundriß noch gut erhalten und wurde als Stall und Scheune genutzt. Es mußte aber später der Modernisierung Kavars weichen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Das Karavanserail soll nach Angaben Ein- heimischer von einem Händler des Bazars von Djahrom in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut worden sein. fn. 131 Das Karavanserail wurde am 26. 2. 1977 vermessen. Es wurde wenige Jahre später vollständig beseitigt. [Kavar Caravanserail (Table 24,2.3) (Fig. 5; 197) (131)Location: 39 km south of the Bid Zard Caravanserail, 21 km north of the Tang-e Zandjiran Caravanserail and 2 km north of a road station on the south bank of the Rudkhaneh Mand, at +1540 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz to Firuzabad.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two angular stable sections in the north and south wings and round corner towers on the entrance facade. In the corners of the building there are four octagonal rooms that are directly accessible from the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections48.50 × 44.50 m, courtyard dimensions 28.50 x 28.50 m, height dimensions not available.Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: In the year it was surveyed, the caravanserail was still well preserved in plan and was used as a stable and barn. However, it later had to make way for the modernization of Kavar.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: According to locals, the caravanserail was built by a merchant from the Djahrom bazaar in the Qajar period.fn. 131 The caravanserail was surveyed on February 26, 1977. It was completely demolished a few years later.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 108-9 « Kavar caravanserai » in {map#1180 Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars, , , #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~} « Kavar none - Wall and tower of the caravanserai Titel: Kavar none - Wall and tower of the caravanserai Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-22873 Image author: Wolfram Kleiss » at online reference link « Kavar none - Courtyard of the caravanserai Kavar, Fars (Provinz) arachne.dainst.org/entity/6822208 Arachne ID:6822208 Category: Bilder Old serial number:8858758 Informationen zum Bild Lokalisierung Kavar, Fars (Provinz), Iran (Islamische Republik), DAI Kernfelder Titel: Kavar none - Courtyard of the caravanserai Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-22871 Bildautor/in: Wolfram Kleiss Verantwortlichkeit für das Bild: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Copyright DAI Veränderbarkeit: DAI Berlin, Eurasienabteilung, Teheran Archiv Ortsbezeichnung 2/Unterort: DAI Eurasienabteilung, Archiv der Aussenstelle Teheran Kategorie: - 35mm - not applicable Beschreibung: _ Inventar- oder Fundnummer: Kavar Karavans. (Kavar caravans.) » online reference link [accessed 17 Dec 2024] Karavanserail Kermanshahan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.273574 long 54.897884 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kermanshahan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kermanshahan « Karawanenhaltepunkt Kermanshahan (Shahan) (Taf.14,1) (Abb. 4; 105) (44)Lage: 24 km südöstlich von Robat Zeyn-od-Din, 30 km nordwestlich von Robat Shams (Provinz Kerman), in + 1480 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Yazd nach Rafsandjan und Kerman. Es ist auf dieser Strecke der letzte Haltepunkt in der Provinz Yazd vor der Provinzgrenze Yazd/Kerman.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Das safavidische Karavan-serail, ein stark verändertes, älteres Karavanserail oder Sta-tionsgebäude (Caparkhaneh) und eine qadjarische Festung (Abb. 105).Das Karavanserail: Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und runden Ecktürmen. Der Portalbau ist vor die Fassade vorgezogen, der Eingangsraum wird von einer Kuppel überdeckt. Das Karavanserail hat ein Obergeschoß mit sieben Räumen (Abb. 106).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 47,50 x 40 m, Hofabmessungen 23,80 × 19,40 m, Höhe der Hoffas-saden 6,20 m, Höhe der Portalbau-Fassade 8 m und Innen-höhe des Eingangsraumes, einschließlich Kuppellaterne, 11,80 m (Abb. 107).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und verschlossen. Wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch bis qadjarisch.Fn 44 Die Bauten in Kermanshahan wurden am 16.3.1976 und am 16.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan stop Kermanshahan (Shahan) (Plate 14.1) (Figs. 4; 105) (44)Location: 24 km southeast of Robat Zeyn-od-Din, 30 km northwest of Robat Shams (Kerman Province), at an elevation of 1480 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Rafsanjan and Kerman. It is the last stop on this route in Yazd Province before the Yazd/Kerman provincial border.At the site, the following can be distinguished: the Safavid caravanserail, a heavily modified, older caravanserail or station building (Caparkhaneh), and a Qajar fortress (Fig. 105).The caravanserail: Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and round corner towers. The portal building projects forward from the facade, and the entrance hall is covered by a dome. The caravanserai has an upper floor with seven rooms (Fig. 106).Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 47.50 x 40 m, courtyard dimensions 23.80 × 19.40 m, height of the courtyard facades 6.20 m, height of the portal building facade 8 m, and internal height of the entrance hall, including the domed lantern, 11.80 m (Fig. 107).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved and sealed. Currently used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid to Qajar.44 The buildings in Kermanshahan were inspected on March 16, 1976, and September 16, 1976. Surveyed in 1988. ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 66 Karavanserail Khan Sorkh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.143682 long 56.083445 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravansera , Houni Sourkh , Karavanserail Khan Sorkh , Khaneh Surkh , Khan-i-Surkh , Oneſoor , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « but my indisposition kept me there till the 22. of February. That day I travelled six leagues to a Caravansera, where I rested my self till the heat of the day was over, and then got three leagues further to another Caravansera. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 5 ※ SOURCE for Houni Sourkh « When we were over this paſſage, we Travelled almost two hours in a Champian Ground, where there are a great many little Mounts or Hillocks, fome one, fome two, and forme almoft four Fathom high. About eleven a Clock we paffed by a little covered Kervanferay, called Houni Sourkh, (that is to fay) red blood, and is four Agatsch from Gbetfchi: » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 135 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khan Sorkh « Karavanserail Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh) (Taf. 24,3.4) (Abb. 7; 208) (100)Lage: 25 km westlich von Bandar-e Abbas (Zentrum = Landebrücke), 11 km östlich des Karavanserails Mogh Ahmad, in + 20 m ü. N.N., an der durch Shah Abbas I. Anfang des 17. Jhs. ausgebauten Straße von Bandar-e Abbas (Gamerun) nach Lar - Shiraz - Esfahan.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail, kreuzförmig mit vier Eck-räumen und außen umlaufender Bank.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 12 x 12m, Innenhöhe 3 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Keine hervor-gehobene Mittelkuppel, verfallen und einsturzgefährdet.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Neben dem Karavanserail ist eine kreuzförmige Zister-ne, durch Oberflächenwasser gespeist, 4 m tief in den Boden eingelassen. Sie mißt außen 21,50 × 21,50 m, jeder Flügel ist 4,20 m breit. Der Bau (Abb. 209) ragt mit seiner Mittelkuppel 3 m hoch über dem Umland auf.Zwischen den Karavanserails Khan Sorkh und Mogh Ahmad ist eine Strecke safavidischer Pflasterstraße (Rah Sang Farsh) auf 6 km Länge erhalten. Sie ist in lehmigem Gelände 4 m breit angelegt (Taf. 25,1).fn 100 Karavanserail Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh) wurde am 14.3.1980 ver-messen. [Caravanserail Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh) (Plate 24,3.4) (Figs. 7; 208) (100)Location: 25 km west of Bandar-e Abbas (center = landing stage), 11 km east of the Mogh Ahmad Caravanserail, at an elevation of 20 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Abbas (Gamerun) to Lar Shiraz and Isfahan, which was improved by Shah Abbas I at the beginning of the 17th century.Type: Pavilion caravanserail, cruciform in shape with four corner rooms and a bench running around the outside.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 12 x 12 m, interior height 3 m. Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: No prominent central dome, dilapidated and in danger of collapse.Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Next to the caravanserai, a cruciform cistern, fed by surface water, is sunk 4 m into the ground. Its exterior dimensions are 21.50 × 21.50 m, with each wing measuring 4.20 m wide. The structure (Fig. 209) rises 3 m above the surrounding area with its central dome.A 6 km stretch of Safavid paved road (Rah Sang Farsh) has been preserved between the Khan Sorkh and Mogh Ahmad caravanserai. It is 4 m wide and laid in loamy soil (Plate 25.1).fn 100 The Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh) caravanserai was surveyed on March 14, 1980.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 117 ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Surkh « Khaneh Surkh » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Bandar_Abbas G-40C 1942} « At 11½miles pass the date plantations of Khaneh Surkh, bordering the road to the south. At 12 miles the caravanserai of the same name is reached. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 27 « Advancing thus 3 furlongs, the road crosses a dry water-course, 10 yards wide and 170 yards further on, another, bed about 30 yards broad, containing pools of brackish water; flow of both southerly. At 3 miles 5 furlongs we pass a caravanserai and a large cistern, called "Khaneh Surkh." The cistern contains good water, but its roof is in a broken and ruined state. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 37 « Khaneh Surkh » in {map#1242 , , , 'BUNDER ABBAS-PUHAL SURVEY ', '(Sd.) B.W. MAINPRISE, Capt. R.E., Octr. 1913.' [?49r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/316, f 49, in Qatar Digital Library fig. Section No. II Suru to the Rud-i-Kul} ※ SOURCE for Oneſoor « Wy quamen voorby twee vervalle Karrawanferk's Oneſoor genaamd, en floegen ons ter Bade neder tot Bandali, niet weinig verheugd synde, dat wy nu de Zee weer alzoo deze legt. sagen, plaats op 't gebergte aan trand [We passed two ruined Karrawanferk's called Oneſoor, and floated down to Bandali at Bade, not a little pleased that we now lay the Sea like this again. legends, place on the mountain on the beach] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 267 Karavanserail Kheyrabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.283071 long 53.036191 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kheyrabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kheyrabad « Karavanserail Kheyrabad (Kheyr Abad) (Abb. 5; 169)118Lage: 68 km südöstlich von Shiraz, 18 km westlich von Sarvestan, in + 1500 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Fasa und Darab.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vier Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 28,50 × 27,30 m, Hofabmes-sungen 15 x 15 m, Gebäudehöhe 4 m (Abb. 170).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und als Wohnraum (Gehöft) genutzt.Inschriften: Inschriftentafel über dem Portal ist verloren.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Kheyrabad Caravanserai (Kheyr Abad) (Fig. 5; 169)118Location: 68 km southeast of Shiraz, 18 km west of Sarvestan, at an elevation of 1500 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Fasa and Darab.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four stable compartments.Dimensions: External dimensions 28.50 × 27.30 m, courtyard dimensions 15 × 15 m, building height 4 m (Fig. 170).Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved and used as a dwelling (farmstead).Inscriptions: The inscription panel above the portal is lost.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 96 Karavanserail Khole (Dehra) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 28.014602 long 54.157021 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: Dating: built before 1665, Safavid (156). f.n. 156 J.Thèvenot, Suite du voyage de Levant (Paris 1674) 456. VARIANT names: Caravansera , Dahra Caravanserai , Dehra , Dera , Karavanserail Khole (Dehra) , Karawanserei Dehra , Karawanserei Dehra , Khola-e dehra , Khole caravanserai , Olous , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « 15 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Dahra Caravanserai Khawla or Dehra Caravanserai کاروانسرای خوله یا دهرا ※ SOURCE for Dehra « We left it next day, being Thursday, at one a Clock in the Morning, and Travelled in ſtony way until half an hour after two, that we came into a fair fmooth way, where having Travelled on till five, we arrived at an ugly little Kervanferay, called Dehra, where there are ſome Rhadars; we paid nothing there, becauſe of an order which Monfieur Tavernier had, to pay nothing in Perfis Without ftopping at that place, we continued our Journey, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 130 « where having Travelled on till five, we arrived at an ugly little Kervanʃeray, called Dehra, where there are ſome Rhadars; » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Dera « Dien zelven dag des avonds vertrokken wy weder, hadden een tamelyken weg, en quamen ontrent middernagt by een elendige Karrawantera, genaamd Dera, hielden ons verblyf in tenten, en vonden alhier redclyk water. Ontrent ½ myl van hier legt de Heer Joannes Keyts, gewezen Directeur van Persien, begraven, gelyk in den optogt verhaald is, ook gaf zyn Ed: bevel, om een Tombe, hem ter cere, op te regten. [That same day in the evening we set out again, had a fair journey, and arrived about midnight at a miserable Karrawantera, called Dera, where we abode in tents, and found here fair water. About half a mile from here lies buried Mr. Joannes Keyts, ex-Director of Persia, as was related in the procession, and his Honour also gave orders to erect a tomb in his honour.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 264 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khole (Dehra) « Karavanserail Khole (Dehra) bei Ahmadabad (Abb. 5; 225) 155Lage: 36 km südöstlich von Benaru, 17 km nordwestlich von Beriz, an der Straße von Djahrom nach Lar.Typ: Zentralbau mit erhöhter Mittelkuppel über kreuz- förmigem Grundriß mit vier Eckräumen und zwei seitlich angeordneten Stallungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalrisalite 19,90 x 11,80 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,90 m, Höhe der Kuppel 8 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen. Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Erbaut vor 1665, safavidisch (156). fn. 156 J.Thèvenot, Suite du voyage de Levant (Paris 1674) 456. [Karavanserail Khole (Dehra) near Ahmadabad (Fig. 5; 225) 155Location: 36 km southeast of Benaru, 17 km northwest of Beriz, on the road from Djahrom to Lar.Type: Central building with a raised central dome over a cross-shaped floor plan with four corner rooms and two stables on the sides.Dimensions: External dimensions without portal projections 19.90 x 11.80 m, building height 4.90 m, height of the dome 8 m. Building material: quarry stone. Structural features and condition: heavily dilapidated. Inscriptions: none known. Dating: built before 1665, Safavid (156). fn. 156 J.Thèvenot, Suite du voyage de Levant (Paris 1674) 456.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 125 « Verläßt man Biris auf der Straße Richtung Djahrom vorbei am Imamzadeh Ahmad ebn-e Muhammad Hanafie, so erreicht man nach der Überquerung eines Passes mit einer bereits von Tavernier bemerkten ausgedehnten Sperranlage eine weite Ebene, in deren ungefährem Zentrum nahe dem Dorf Ahmadabad bei km 68 ein Karavanserail von rechteckigem Grundriß liegt (Abb. 6; Taf. 31,3). Der Bau besteht aus vier quadratischen Kammern, welche sich nach außen öffnen und die von einem kreuzförmigen Gang getrennt werden, wobei der Kreuzungspunkt mit einer Kuppel überwölbt ist, Gänge und Kammern weisen flache Spitztonnengewölbe auf. An zwei Seiten der Anlage sind Ställe angebaut, welche über die ganze Breite des Bauwerkes laufen. Das Karavanserail, welches heute etwa zwei Kilo- meter südlich der modernen Straße und etwas versteckt liegt, entspricht in der Form einer ganzen Reihe ähnlicher Bauten, die Gaube an der Strecke Bandar Abbas-Lar aufgenommen hat, wobei der Grundriß hier noch durch die seitlich angefügten Ställe ergänzt wird. Das Karavanserail dürfte um 1665 schon bestanden haben, da Thèvenot und später Kaempfer zwischen Biris und Benaru ein Karavanserail Dehra" nennen, in dem ein Rahdar-Posten zur Steuererhebung untergebracht war; Dupré nennt an dieser Stelle ein Karavan- serail Kholé (27). fn. 27 Dupré11 1 447. [If you leave Biris on the road towards Djahrom, past the Imamzadeh Ahmad ebn-e Muhammad Hanafie, you will reach a wide plain after crossing a pass with an extensive barrier already noted by Tavernier, in the approximate center of which, near the village of Ahmadabad at km 68, there is a caravanserai with a rectangular ground plan (Fig. 6; Pl. 31,3). The building consists of four square chambers that open outwards and are separated by a cross-shaped corridor, with the crossing point vaulted with a dome. The corridors and chambers have flat pointed barrel vaults. Stables are attached to two sides of the complex, which run across the entire width of the building. The caravanserail, which today lies about two kilometers south of the modern road and somewhat hidden, corresponds in form to a whole series of similar buildings that Gaube recorded on the Bandar Abbas-Lar route, whereby the ground plan here is supplemented by the stables attached to the side. The caravanserail must have existed as early as 1665, since Thèvenot and later Kaempfer mention a caravanserail called "Dehra" between Biris and Benaru, in which a Rahdar post for tax collection was housed; Dupré mentions a caravanserail called Kholé at this point (27). fn. 27 Dupré11 1 447.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 293 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Dehra « Inzwischen kamen verlassene Wege dazu, OSO 1/4 Farsach zur Karawanserei Dehra War klein, viereckig. [In the meantime, deserted paths were added, OSO 1/4 Farsach to the Dehra caravanserai. It was small, square. ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 118 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Dehra « den 18. Dez. 1685 vor Sonnenaufgang bis zu dem großen Dorfe Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach. Durch öde und beinah kreisförmige Windungen der Berge, etwa so: Zwischen O+ S und OSO ¼ Farsach. Inzwischen kamen verlassene Wege dazu, OSO ¼ Farsach zur Karawanserei Dehra. War klein, viereckig. Weiter durch ebene und öde Strecken derselben Ebene ½ Farsach, dann O + S nach Râdâhr chânä (Rahdar chanä, Straßenmeisterei) Dehra ½ Farsach, alles in allem 5 Farsach, aber das Obige mag korrigiert werden, weil in den tollen Windungen ringsum und zwischen den Bergen zu viel bloß geschätzt, weil die Windungen die Zeit zu lang gemacht. [18th December 1685 before sunrise to the large village of Biriis (Beriẞ) 5 Farsach. Through desolate and almost circular windings of the mountains, something like this: between E + S and ESE ¼ Farsach. In the meantime abandoned paths were added, ESE ¼ Farsach to the caravanserai Dehra. It was small, square. Further through flat and desolate stretches of the same plain ½ Farsach, then E + S to Râdâhr chânä (Rahdar chanä, road maintenance office) Dehra ½ Farsach, all in all 5 Farsach, but the above can be corrected because in the crazy windings all around and between the mountains it is an overestimate, because the windings made the time too long.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 118 ※ SOURCE for Khola-e dehra(Arch. Site) « Khola-e dehra » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Khole caravanserai « Le 24 février, nous suivons la vallée en nous dirigeant à l'ouest. Vers l'extrémité, le terrain est inculte et rocailleux. Après l'avoir quittée, nous traversons un torrent qui était à sec, et gravissons une montagne reinplie de spath calcaire. Ce passage est souvent dangereux. Sur le revers est une citerne sans eau. On voit à gauche, au pied d'une colline, un aqué- duc, et un quart de lieue plus loin, un cara- vansérail tombant en ruines, appelé Kholè; auprès sont deux citernes, dont l'une est de forme circulaire, et l'autre est en berceau. [On the 24th of February, we followed the valley, heading west. Towards the end, the ground was uncultivated and rocky. After leaving it, we crossed a torrent which was dry, and climbed a mountain covered with calcareous spar. This passage is often dangerous. On the reverse side is a cistern without water. On the left, at the foot of a hill, we see an aqueduct, and a quarter of a league further on, a caravanserai falling into ruins, called Kholè; near it are two cisterns, one of which is circular in shape, and the other is barrel-shaped.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 447 ※ SOURCE for Olous « The seven and twentieth day we lodged at Olous. The nine and twentieth, we departed from Olous: » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 460-461 [insufficient data but possible location.PBR] Karavanserail Kuhrud : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.672855 long 51.414936 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: replaced by school building VARIANT names: Carou caravanserai , Gourfapa , Karavanserail Kuhrud , ※ SOURCE for Carou caravanserai « Nous logeâmes au bout de cette belle vallée, au caravanserai qu'on y a bâti, et que l'on nomme Carou (1) fn (1) Tavernier (tom. I, p. 67, édit. in-4.º de ses Voyages) écrit Coros, et nous représente cet endroit comme un gros village, qui n'a cependant qu'une seule rue; mais cette rue a une demi-lieue de long; un ruisseau la partage en deux dans toute salon-gueur. Le karavânserâï de Corou est beau et commode. Ce vil-lage est certainement le même que le Bruyn nomme Ghor, et qu'il place à-peu-près à la même distance de Káchân, et à une lieue de la petite ville de Nathan. Ce village lui parut si agréable, qu'il en fit un dessin dont on voit la gravure sous le n.º 67 de l'édit. in fol. de son Voyage. Voyez aussi tom. IV, p. 68 de l'édit. in-4.º de la même relation.. [We stayed at the end of this beautiful valley, at the caravanserai that has been built there, and which is called Carou (1). fn (1) Tavernier (vol. I, p. 67, quarto edition of his Voyages) writes Coros, and describes this place as a large village, which nevertheless has only one street; but this street is half a league long; a stream divides it in two right through the middle. The karavânserâï of Corou is beautiful and convenient. This village is certainly the same one that Bruyn calls Ghor, and which he places at about the same distance from Káchân, and a league from the small town of Nathan. This village seemed so pleasant to him that he made a drawing of it, the engraving of which can be seen under no. 67 of the folio edition of his Voyage. See also vol. IV, p. 68 of the quarto edition of the same account.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 3 p. 11 ※ SOURCE for Gourfapa « Nous reſtames a Cachan juſ qu'au feizième que nous en partimes à deux lieures aprés minuit, et apres huit heures de beau chemin, nous montames une montagne zu haut de la-quelle est un grand lac, qui fournit à ce qu'on dit toute l'eau dont Cachan a beſon, Nous logeâmes là dans un Caravanfe. rail preſque tout ruiné, prés d'un Village nommé Gourlapa. » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 74 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kuhrud « Karavanserail Kuhrud (Kouhroud) (Taf. 18,3)(Abb. 12; 146) (90)Lage: 20 km südlich Karavanserail Qabrabad, in +2250 mü.N.N., am Weg von Kashan über Vandadeh nach Esfahan, 9 km nördlich des Paßübergangs.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, drei Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 56,50 x 51,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 28,50 x 24 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße sind unbekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail war mit seiner Südwestecke in den Hang hineingebaut und wurde nach 1983 vollständig abgerissen, um einem Schulbau Platz zu machen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn89 Siroux, Anciennes voies... 150f.fn 90 Ebenda, 142f. [Kuhrud (Kouhroud) Caravanserai (Plate 18.3)(Figs. 12; 146) (90)Location: 20 km south of the Qabrabad Caravanserai, at 2250 m above sea level, on the road from Kashan via Vandadeh to Isfahan, 9 km north of the mountain pass.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, three stable sections, round corner towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 56.50 x 51.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 28.50 x 24 m courtyard dimensions. Height is unknown.Building material: Fired bricks. Structural features and condition: The caravanserai was built into the hillside with its southwest corner and was completely demolished after 1983 to make way for a school building.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn89 Siroux, Anciennes voies... 150f.fn 90 Ibid., 142f.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 78 Karavanserail Kurdeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Coordinates based on Pohanka's description « At the fork of the road to Biris and Kurdeh is the Karavanserail Kurdeh » and the presence of cisterns nearby. Between this location and the place name « Pai Chotali » about 1 km SWbW with the road branch to Dangz covers the possible location of this caravanserai. 2 cistern 200m NbW (heaing 346°) from these coordinates VARIANT names: carewansera Corde , Gurdé (Kourdeh) , Karavanserail Kurdeh , Karavanserail Kurdeh (Kur Deh) , Kordeh , Kourdagh , Kourdé , Kuda-Poicotall , Pacurel , Pai Chotali , Pai-Kotali , Pakoetel , Picataw , Pokutal , Rustehhennis , ※ SOURCE for carewansera Corde « having driven for about three hours through very mountainous roads, we left on a beautiful, spacious plain the carewansera Corde (2) better than we had ever seen before, miles from the village fn. 2 Kurdeh (Simla kaart). Chardin en Dupré hebben Gurdé en Kourdé(de laatste vindt er een groote karavanserai); Thévanot De-hi-Kourd.De naam wijst waarschijnlijk op een nederzetting van Kürden. [having driven for about three hours through very mountainous roads, we left on a beautiful, spacious plain the carewansera Corde (2) better than we had ever seen before, miles from the village fn. 2 Kurdeh (Simla map). Chardin and Dupré have Gurdé and Kourdé (the latter has a large caravanserai); Thévanot De-hi-Kourd. The name probably indicates a settlement of Kürden.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 55 ※ SOURCE for Gurdé (Kourdeh) « et après quatre lieues, on trouve un autrevillage, nommé Gurdé (Kourdeh), avec un fortbeau caravanserai, bâti aussi à l'entrée. Je m'yarrêtai quelque temps, pour laisser prendre ha leine à mes chevaux ; [and after four leagues, we find another village, called Gurdé (Kourdeh), with a very beautiful caravanserai, also built at the entrance. I stopped there for a while to let my horses take their breath;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 479 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kurdeh « An der Gabelung der Wege nach Biris und Kurdeh befindet sich das heute völli zerstörte Karavanserail Kurdeh. Die frühesten Erwähnungen dieses Bauwerkes stammen von Thevenot und Tavernier unter dem Namen "Pai-Cotali" (13), Chardin kennt 1674 an dieser Stelle ein Karavangerail "Gurde” (14). Vermutlich ist der Bau in diesen Jahren neu errichtet worden da Fryer, welcher den Ort 1676 passierte und ihn "Pokutal" nennt, das Karavanserail als "a new, strong, sqare, large Inn" beschreibt und fortführt: "it Being built after the best Form, and Capacious of a Great Number, both in the outward Sqare and inner Stables" (15). 1677 erschütterte ein schweres Erdbeben die nördlich von Lar gelegenen Gebiete Laristans (16) und muß das Karavanserail zerstört haben, da dieses im darauffolgenden Jahr, als Fryer über die Bander Abbas Lar-Route nach Shiraz zurückkehrte, in Ruinen lag. 1685 nennt Kaempfer an dieser Stelle ein Karavanserail "Rustehennis", um 1694 nennt es Gemelli-Carreri wieder neu erbaut und beschreibt den Ort als "Pakutel" (17) das Karavanserail dürfte aber nicht lange bestanden haben, da es weder bei Schillinger (18) noch bei LeBrun im Jahre 1705 erwähnt wird. Auch Aucher-Eloy, welcher den Platz nach der Beschreibung Chardins erkannte, suchte es in Jahre 1838 vergeblich (19). fn. 13 Thêvenot a.0. 254; J. Tavernier, Voyages en Perse et description de cette royaune, Paris o.J., 317 fn. 14 Chardin a.0. 217 fn. 15 J. Fryer, New Account of East India and Persia in Eight Letters, Being Nine Years Travels Begun 1672 and Finished 1681, Edit. W. Crooke, Haklyut Soc. London, II (1912) 197 fn. 16 N.N. Ambraseys C.P. Melville, A History of Persian Earthquakes (1982) 51 fn. 17 G.-F. Gemelli-Carreri, Giro del Mondo, II. Persia. Neapel (16991704) 271 fn. 18 C. Schillinger, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis. Hürnberg. (1707) fn. 19 P.II.R. Aucher-Eloy, Relations de Voyages on Orient de 1830 à 1838, II (1843) 528 [At the fork of the road to Biris and Kurdeh is the Karavanserail Kurdeh, which is now completely destroyed. The earliest mentions of this building come from Thevenot and Tavernier under the name "Pai-Cotali" (13), Chardin knows of a caravangerail "Gurde" (14) at this point in 1674. The building was probably rebuilt in these years because Fryer, who passed the place in 1676 and calls it "Pokutal", describes the Karavanserail as "a new, strong, square, large Inn" and continues: "it being built according to the best form, and capacious of a great number, both in the outward Sqare and inner Stables" (15). In 1677 a severe earthquake struck the areas of Laristan north of Lar (16) and must have destroyed the caravanserail, as it was destroyed the following year when Fryer returned to Shiraz via the Bander Abbas Lar route. In 1685, Kaempfer called a caravanserail "Rustennis" at this point; around 1694, Gemelli-Carreri called it rebuilt and described the place as "Pakutel" (17). Schillinger (18) is still mentioned by LeBrun in 1705. Aucher-Eloy, who recognized the place based on Chardin's description, also looked for it in vain in 1838 (19). fn. 13 Thêvenot a.0. 254; J. Tavernier, Voyages en Perse et description de cette royaune, Paris n.d., 317 fn. 14 Chardin a.0. 217 fn. 15 J. Fryer, New Account of East India and Persia in Eight Letters, Being Nine Years Travels Begun 1672 and Finished 1681, Edit. W. Crooke, Haklyut Soc. London, II (1912) 197 fn. 16 N.N. Ambrasey's C.P. Melville, A History of Persian Earthquakes (1982) 51 fn. 17 G.-F. Gemelli-Carreri, Giro del Mondo, II. Persia. Naples (16991704) 271 fn. 18 C. Schillinger, Persian and East Indian Rice. Hurnberg. (1707) fn. 19 P.II.R. Aucher-Eloy, Relations de Voyages on Orient de 1830 à 1838, II (1843) 528] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kurdeh (Kur Deh) « Karavanserail Kurdeh (Kur Deh) (Abb. 5) 159Lage: 9 km südlich Dehkuyeh, 13 km nordöstlich von Posht-e Sangar, an der Straße von Djahrom nach Lar.Das Karavanserail - aus Quadern und Bruchsteinen er- richtet - ist vollständig zerstört. [Karavanserail Kurdeh (Kur Deh) (Fig. 5) 159Location: 9 km south of Dehkuyeh, 13 km northeast of Posht-e Sangar, on the Djahrom-Lar road.The caravanserail - built from blocks and rubble stones - is completely destroyed. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p.128 ※ SOURCE for Kordeh « Persian text omitted. [At home, after passing from there to Kordeh village, there is another mountain on the left and right, and the road is on the left side of the mountain, and the mountain is half a farsakh away from the road. If it has not arrived, it will arrive, otherwise it is called illegible. You have to climb almost two thousand steps. When they reach the slope of the mountain, the village is cut until the neck, the road is smooth. At the pass, there is a caravanserai, four ponds and a spring of running water, a dwelling and a house.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 583 ※ SOURCE for Kourdagh « 15 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385 ※ SOURCE for Kourdé « A son débouché est encore une citerne dont la forme est circulaire. A cinq cents pas, dans le voisinage de deux autres réservoirs, est un grand caravansérail du nom de Kourdé, nom qu'il prend d'un village que l'on voit sur la droite. Cette vallée, qui va de l'O. à l'E., renferme plusieurs autres caravansérails. [At its outlet is another cistern, the shape of which is circular. Five hundred paces away, in the vicinity of two other reservoirs, is a large caravanserai called Kourdé, a name it takes from a village seen on the right. This valley, which runs from W. to E., contains several other caravanserais.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 445-6 ※ SOURCE for Kuda-Poicotall « August. 13. We sett out from Larr (where we stayed 4 dayes extra for want of mules) and lodged at Kuda-Poicotall, a very large and convenient Caravan-Sarai, well stored with provisions.August 14. We dislodged from Kuda-Poicotal and travelled to Beeres, a pretty large Towne, and a spacious Caravan-Sarai, the best I have yet seen on yo Road, except that at Larr. Very bad Water, but plenty of Provisions. »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889~ vol. 1 pp. 205-6 ※ SOURCE for Pacurel « Il Venerdì primo d'Ottobre fatte 20. miglia di cammino per aridi monti, ci fermammo dopo ſette ore nel Karvan- ſerà di Pacurel; avendo laſciato cinque miglia prima il Karvanſerà, e Caſale di Dacu. [On the first Friday of October, having walked 20 miles across arid mountains, we stopped after seven hours in the Karvanſerà of Pacurel; having left five miles earlier the Karvanſerà, and Kaſale di Dacu.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 271 ※ SOURCE for Pai Chotali « We left that Village on our Left Hand, and continuing our way over an even Plain betwixt Corn-fields; about nine a Clock we came to a Kervanferay called Pai Chotali, that is to fay the foot of the Hill, becauſe it is near the Hills. ... On one fide of this Kervanferay there is a Ciftern, and a Well on the other, both covered with a Domes the Well is exceeding deep,and it is a confiderable time before the biggeft flone that may be thrown into it reaches the bottom: the water is drawn with a great Wheel, and poured into a ſquare Bafon near to it, from whence it paffes through a hole into another that is contiguous, and afterwards fills a large and long Trough for water- ing of the Horfes. There are many other Cifterns alfo here and there in the Fields. ... We parted not then till Sunday the nine and twentieth of March at Noon, con- tinuing our way Southwards: having fet forward half a quarter of an hour, we afcended the Hill, which is neither very high, nor very bad, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Pai-Kotali « Le vingt-septième, je partis à quatre heures du matin, et sur les sept heures je passai dans un village qui est dans une petite plaine. A une lieue de là je logeai dans un carvansera nommé Pai-Kotali, c'est-à-dire pied de montagne, parce que c'est au pied d'une montagne qu'il est bâti. [On the twenty-seventh, I left at four in the morning, and around seven I passed through a village which is in a small plain. A league from there I stayed in a carvansera called Pai-Kotali, that is to say mountain foot, because it is at the foot of a mountain that it is built.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 317 ※ SOURCE for Pakoetel « trokken dien zelven dag weer op reys, voorby een goede Karrawanſera, Pakoetel genaamd, reden weder over eenen ongemakkelyken berg van klip en Key-fleenen, zagen van de hoogte vervaarlyke tteile diepe afgron- den, dat een yder dée vreezen na om laag te zien. [that same day we set out again on Reys, passing a good Karrawanſera, called Pakoetel, rode again over an uncomfortable mountain of cliffs and Key-fleenen, saw from the height dangerous, steep, deep abysses, which everyone feared to see down below. .] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Picataw « [28th February]. About 4 afternoon sett out for Larr, 5 farsangs; the first two very good way till come to Picataw, a good caravensaroy lyeing at the foot of a great mountain which must clime over to goe the other three farsangs to Laar. Stoney way. note:Diary of 28 February 1707/8. Picataw. Pers. pa-i-kutal (or kûtal) 'foot of the pass.' The Pa Chotali of Thévenot (Pt. II, 167) and the Pokutal of Fryer (II, 197 and fn.). » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Pokutal « Among these droughty and uncouth Paths, having wearied our Steps for Three Pharsa?igs, we came to a Caravan Ser Raw, by Name Pokutal (1), at the foot of these Mountains, and the beginning of a spacious Plain fn. 1 Pa-i-Kutal, "foot of the pass," not marked on the maps. "A league from thence [a village in the plain after leaving Bihry] I lodged in the Inn called Pai-Cotali, that is to say, the foot of the mountain" (Tavernier, 253). It is probably the Kuda-Poicotal of Hedges (Diary, i, 205 f.). Near here Herbert (129) fixes "Deachow (or Techoo) which signifies a Towne under a hill." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 197 ※ SOURCE for Rustehhennis « Von Däaku über eine lange, zuerst enge, dann breite Ebene ¾ Farsach SW + S zur Karawanserei Rustehhennis, von einem Kaufmann Aga Djumal (Agha Djamål) erbaut ¼ Farsach. - An dieser Karawanserei, am Fuße der Gebirges gelegen, hat ein Larscher Chân mit unbegreiflicher Mühe 140 Klafler tief durch Felsgrund einen Ziehbrunnen gehauen [From Däaku over a long, first narrow, then wide plain ¾ Farsach SW + S to the Rustehhennis caravanserai, built by a merchant Aga Djumal (Agha Djamål) ¼ Farsach. - At this caravanserai, located at the foot of the mountains, a Larscher Chân carved a well 140 fathoms deep through the bedrock with incomprehensible effort] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 120 Karavanserail Kushk-e Zar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.821096 long 52.347386 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: unable to verify location VARIANT names: Cuſcheſaar , Cuzcusar caravasar , Karavanserail Kushk-e Zar , Kuskiserd Karawanserei , ※ SOURCE for Cuſcheſaar « Den 27. dito zyn wy gekomen tot Cuſcheſaar, in een ichoone Karrawanfert van blaeuwe en gebakke fleen gemetzeld, en rondom vercierd met verglaasde flee daar groote Mooriche letters op Honden, dat cierlyk om te zien was ook was zy met key-iteenen bevloerd. T is een redelyk dorp, voorzien van eenig geboomte, en een voorby loopende riever, welkers water goed is. Wy hadden aldaar ook groote koude en Vorit. [On the 27th, we arrived at Cuſcheſaar, in a beautiful Karrawanfera, built of blue and baked marble, and decorated all around with glazed marble, with large Moorish letters on it, which was beautiful to look at. It was also paved with keystones. It is a decent-sized village, with some trees and a river running alongside, whose water is good. We also experienced great cold and wind there. ] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 261 ※ SOURCE for Cuzcusar caravasar « A 13 se llegó tenprano á Cuzcusar, un buen carauasar y aldea en forma de fortaleza; [At 13, they arrived early at Cuzcusar, a good carauasar and fortress-like village;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 13 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kushk-e Zar « Karavanserail Kushk-e Zar (Taf. 13,2) (Abb. 5; 128) (91)Lage: 60 km südlich von Deh Gerdu und 18 km nördlich des Karavanserails Ab Barik, in +2270 m ü. N.N., an der Kurzstrecke der Route von Esfahan nach Shiraz. Eine Station bei der Ortsbezeichnung Shadkam zwischen Deh Gerdu und Kushk-e Zar ist nicht lokalisierbar, falls nicht das Dorf Sharmian im Gebiet der Sommerweiden der Qashqa'i ge-meint ist. Es liegt 5 km nördlich von Kushk-e Zar (Abb. 5; 9)Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallungen, die von den abgeschrägten Hofecken zugänglich waren, vor-gezogenem Portalbau und runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 52 x 52 m;Hofabmessungen 24 x 24 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Werksteinsockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Werksteinsockel (Taf. 13,2 und Abb. 129) hat fein ausgearbeitete, blü-tenförmige Vertiefungen und deutet eine flache Nischen-gliederung der Fassaden an. Im westlichen Stallbereich des Karavanserails (Abb. 128) ragt noch ein Steinpfeiler auf (Abb. 129). Er hat eine Oberfläche von 56 x 56 cm. Das Ka-ravanserail ist vollständig zerstört, sein Baumaterial ausge-plündert, nur noch die Umrisse sind einmeßbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich - auf Grund der Sockel-architektur - in safavidischer Zeit erbaut.fn 91 Die Reste des Karavanserails Kushk-e Zar wurden am 12.9.1988 auf-genommen. [Caravanserail Kushk-e Zar (Plate 13.2) (Figs. 5; 128) (91)Location: 60 km south of Deh Gerdu and 18 km north of the Ab Barik caravanserail, at an elevation of 2270 m above sea level, on the short section of the route from Isfahan to Shiraz. A station at the place name Shadkam, between Deh Gerdu and Kushk-e Zar, cannot be located unless the village of Sharmian in the Qashqai summer pastures is meant. It lies 5 km north of Kushk-e Zar (Figs. 5; 9).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stables accessible from the chamfered corners of the courtyard, a projecting gateway, and round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 52 x 52 m;Courtyard dimensions: 24 x 24 m.Building material: Fired bricks on a stone foundation.Structural features and condition: The stone foundation (Plate 13.2 and Fig. 129) has finely crafted, flower-shaped recesses and suggests a shallow niche articulation of the facades. In the western stable area of ??the caravanserail (Fig. 128), a stone pillar still stands (Fig. 129). It has a surface area of ??56 x 56 cm. The caravanserail is completely destroyed, its building materials plundered, and only the outlines can be measured.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Safavid period, based on the foundation architecture.fn 91 The remains of the Kushk-e Zar caravanserail were photographed on September 12, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 75 ※ SOURCE for Kuskiserd Karawanserei « den 27. zum Dorfe Kuski serd (Kuschk-sard) nach Aussage der Begleiter 8 Farsach, nach der der Dörfler und richtiger 7 Farsach. ... Die Karawanserei hier ist vielleicht die beste, die wir bisher gehabt, aber alt. Außen quadratisch von Werksteinen, inwendig achtseitig und von Backsteinen erbaut, der Größe nach etwa wie die in Yezd-e Khast. Ist erbaut von Håddji Hoßein, einem indischen Kaufmann aus Soeratte (Surat), der seinem Bevollmächtigten zu diesem Bau 100 Toman (ca. 6900 Goldmark) gegeben. Der halbe Riß wird die Kürze der Beschreibung ergänzen. (Kleine Skizze der halben Karawansere.) [On the 27th, to the village of Kuski serd (Kuschk-sard), according to the companions, 8 farsach; according to the villagers, and more accurately, 7 farsach. ... The caravanserai here is perhaps the best we have seen so far, but it is old. Square on the outside, built of dressed stone; octagonal on the inside, constructed of brick; roughly the same size as the one in Yezd-e Khast. It was built by Håddji Hoßein, an Indian merchant from Soeratte (Surat), who gave his agent 100 Toman (approximately 6900 gold marks) for this construction. The half-drawn sketch will supplement the brief description. (Small sketch of half the caravanserai.)] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ pp. 91-2 Karavanserail Madar-e Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.211025 long 50.740383 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Jelowgir Caravanserai , Karavanserail Madar-e Shah , Madar-i-Shah , Mâder-e-Chah du col de Dhor , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Madar-e Shah « Karavanserail Madar-e Shah am Paß von Dhor (Dar/Dor) (Taf. 6,1.2) (Abb. 12; 52) 49Lage: 36 km nordwestlich vom Karavanserail Hoseyn-djeh und 14 km südöstlich des Karavanserails im Ort von Dhor(Dar/Dor) an der Karawanenstraße von Esfahan nach Golpayegan, in der Nähe eines Passes, in +2050 m ü.N.N., 2 km südöstlich eines aus Bruchsteinmauerwerk errichteten Auffangdammes, der den Weg und das Karavanserail vor plötzlich auftretenden Wassermassen schützt. Um das safavi-dische Karavanserail gruppieren sich mehrere Bauten (Abb. 52). Östlich neben dem Karavanserail steht ein Imamzadeh und westlich des Karavanserails liegen die Ruinen einer qua-dratischen Befestigung mit vier rechteckigen Türmen. Nörd-lich gegenüber dem Karavanserail ist die Zisterne (Abanbar) erhalten und westlich daneben erstrecken sich die Schuttwäl-le eines älteren, vorsafavidischen Robats. Westlich des Robats ist eine nicht näher bestimmbare Wallanlage sichtbar (Abb. 52).Inschriften: Reste einer Inschrift am Portal geben 1112 H. = 1701 A.D. als Bauzeit an.Datierung: Das safavidische Karavanserail ist also in der Regierungszeit des letzten Safaviden, Sultan Hussein (1694-1722), erbaut worden, wahrscheinlich auf Geheiß - wie der Name des Bauwerks sagt - der Mutter dieses Schahs. [Madar-e Shah Caravanserai at the Dhor (Dar/Dor) Pass (Plate 6,1.2) (Fig. 12; 52) 49Location: 36 km northwest of the Hoseyn-jeh Caravanserai and 14 km southeast of the Caravanserai in the village of Dhor (Dar/Dor) on the caravan route from Isfahan to Golpayegan, near a pass, at +2050 m above sea level, 2 km southeast of a retaining dam constructed of rubble masonry, which protects the road and the caravanserai from sudden floods. Several buildings are grouped around the Safavid caravanserai (Fig. 52). To the east of the caravanserai stands an imamzadeh, and to the west of the caravanserai lie the ruins of a square fortification with four rectangular towers. To the north, opposite the caravanserai, the cistern (Abanbar) has been preserved, and to the west of it extend the rubble walls of an older, pre-Safavid robat. To the west of the robat, an undetermined rampart is visible (Fig. 52).Inscriptions: Remains of an inscription on the portal indicate 1112 A.D. = 1701 A.D. as the construction date.Dating: The Safavid caravanserai was therefore built during the reign of the last Safavid, Sultan Hussein (1694-1722), probably at the behest—as the name of the building suggests—of the Shah's mother.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 33-35 ※ SOURCE for Madar-i-Shah « At 15 miles is the ruined caravansarai, Madar-i-Shah, which has a bad reputation for robbers. The country here is very barren and deserted, with no good drinking water. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 235 ※ SOURCE for Mâder-e-Chah du col de Dhor « Le sommet de ce col est précédé d'une zone plate, bien protégée de tous côtés par les contreforts de la montagne. En cet endroit idéal pour le stationnement, on voit en effet proche d'anciennes installations (un grand enclos et deux ruines carrées jumelées) les vestiges d'un Qaléh mongol et le grand caravansérail Mader- e-Châh (que nous dirons du col de Dhor). Cette oeuvre, datée de 1701 A.D. (site 28) est du règne du dernier souverain effectif de la dynastie safavide, Châh Soltân Hosaïn. Près du col, par une brèche, on traverse un ancien barrage mongol, qui alimentait le site. [The summit of this pass is preceded by a flat area, well protected on all sides by the foothills of the mountain. In this ideal place for parking, we see in fact close to ancient installations (a large enclosure and two twinned square ruins) the remains of a Mongolian Qaleh and the large caravanserai Mader-e-Shah (which we will call the Dhor pass). This work, dated 1701 A.D. (site 28) is from the reign of the last effective sovereign of the Safavid dynasty, Shah Soltan Husayn. Near the pass, through a breach, we cross an old Mongolian dam, which supplied the site.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 11 Karavanserail Mahin : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.19579 long 52.669159 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravansera Moayn , caravansera Moayn , Karavanserail Mahin , Karrawanfera Majien , Majien caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for caravansera Moayn « From hence we went south-westerly, and in two hours more we reached the station of Moayn, distant from Imaum Zade three fursucks. This village, which was large, and surrounded with gardens, was also seated in a close valley, and had an agreeable appearance. We found here a large caravan of mules from Shiraz, halting in the open air ; but we took shelter ourselves in a half-ruined caravansera, not entirely abandoned. We had already received instructions about our road » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 262 ※ SOURCE for caravansera Moayn « From hence we went south-westerly, and in two hours more we reached the station of Moayn, distant from Imaum Zade three fursucks. This village, which was large, and surrounded with gardens, was also seated in a close valley, and had an agreeable appearance. We found here a large caravan of mules from Shiraz, halting in the open air; but we took shelter ourselves in a half-ruined caravansero, not entirely absndoned. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 262 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahin « Karavanserail Mahin (Taf. 13,4; 14,1) (Abb. 5; 133) 94Lage: 20 km südlich von Emamzadeh Esma'il und 25 km nördlich der Pol-e Now, an der Kurzstrecke von Esfahan nach Shiraz, in + 1630 m ü. N. N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier lwanen, überkuppeltem Portal, zwei Stallabteilungen und großen Rundtürmen an den Ecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 55,50 × 54 m, Hofabmessungen 26 x 26m, Höhe des Kuppelrau-mes 7,80 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 7,40 m (Abb. 134).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 × 22 × 5cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan. serail ist sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: Eine Bauinschrift über dem Portal ist verloren.Datierung: Sehr wahrscheinlich safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn. 94 Das Karavanserail Mahin wurde am 10. 6. 1987 vermessen. [Mahin Caravanserai (Plates 13.4; 14.1) (Fig. 5; 133) 94Location: 20 km south of Emamzadeh Esma'il and 25 km north of Pol-e Now, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz, at +1630 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four lavands, a domed portal, two stable sections, and large round towers at the corners.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 55.50 × 54 m, courtyard dimensions 26 × 26 m, height of the domed room 7.80 m, height of the portal structure 7.40 m (Fig. 134).Building material: Fired bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Structural features and condition: The caravan. The seraglio is very dilapidated.Inscriptions: A construction inscription above the portal is lost.Dating: Most likely Safavid, 17th century.fn. 94 The Mahin Caravanserai was surveyed on June 10, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Karrawanfera Majien Wy namen om verblyf in een luttig dorp, wel beplant van vrugt-en andere boomen, in een tamelyke Karrawanfera, daar van alles te koop is. Daar gingen wy onze vermoeide leden met een goeden teug warme wyn zalven: want men de zelve heel weinig te koop kan krygen op de wegen. Dit dorp is Majien geriaamd. [We stayed in a small village, well-planted with fruit and other trees, in a fairly small Karrawanfera, where all sorts of things are for sale. There we soothed our weary limbs with a good draught of warm wine, as it's very hard to find on the roads. This village is called Majien.] ※ SOURCE for Majien caravanserai « Nous pourfuivimes enfuite notre chemin le long de ce canal, par des terres labourecs, et arrivámes à 3. heures au Caravanserai de Majien, où nous nous arrêtimes. [We continued our journey along this canal, through cultivated lands, and arrived at 3 o'clock at the Caravanserai of Majien, where we stopped.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 257 Karavanserail Mahmud Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.572963 long 52.651208 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mahmud Shah , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahmud Shah « Karavanserail Mahmud Shah (Taf. 32,2) (Abb. 12; 269) 144Lage: 29 km südlich von Esfandan, 18 km nordwestlich Robat-e Dovom (Provinz Fars), 11 km südlich von Seh Gon-bad, in +1620 m ü.N.N., nahe der Provinzgrenze Esfa-han/Fars, am Karawanenweg Esfahan - Esfandan - Abar-ku/Abarquh.Typ: Das Karavanserail (oder größere Station) liegt ge-genüber einem größeren, befestigten Lehmgebäude (Abb. 269). Das Karavanserail (Abb. 270) entspricht dem Typ des Hofkaravanserails mit vier Iwanen, runden Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 27,50 x 27,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 13,30 x 13,30 m Hofabmessungen, die Höhe des Gebäudes läßt sich auf 5,40 m rekonstruieren (Abb. 270).Baumaterial: Portalbau in Bruchsteinmauerwerk, die übrige Anlage in Lehmbauweise (Lehmziegel).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört; von der Hofbebauung Einzelheiten nicht mehr erkenn-bar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder frühqadjarisch. [Mahmud Shah Caravanserail (Plate 32.2) (Figs. 12; 269) 144Location: 29 km south of Esfandan, 18 km northwest of Robat-e Dovom (Fars Province), 11 km south of Seh Gonbad, at an elevation of 1620 m above sea level, near the Esfahan/Fars provincial border, on the Esfahan-Esfandan-Abar-ku/Abarquh caravan route.Type: The caravanserail (or larger station) is located opposite a larger, fortified mud-brick building (Fig. 269). The caravanserail (Fig. 270) is of the courtyard caravanserail type, with four iwans, round corner towers, and a projecting entrance. Dimensions: 27.50 x 27.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 13.30 x 13.30 m courtyard dimensions; the building's height can be reconstructed as 5.40 m (Fig. 270).Building material: Portal structure in rubble masonry, the rest of the complex constructed of mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged; details of the courtyard buildings are no longer recognizable.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid or early Qajar.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 137 Karavanserail Maidanak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.541881 long 50.25092 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Maidanak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Maidanak « Karavanserail Maidanak (Meydanak) am Weg von Qom nach Hamadan und nach Malayer (Abb. 3)Lage: Das Karavanserail liegt 6 km westlich von Tinud, Es ist in spätqadjarischer Zeit entstanden und nicht vermes sen. Der Bau wird als Holzplatz benutzt und ist erheblich zerstört. [Caravanserail Maidanak (Meydanak) on the road from Qom to Hamadan and Malayer (Fig. 3)Location: The caravanserail is located 6 km west of Tinud. It dates from the late Qajar period and is not surveyed. The structure is used as a lumberyard and is in considerable disrepair.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 46 Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal II : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.557877 long 51.908663 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal II , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal II « Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal (Taf. 4; 5,1) (Abb. 5; 48) (39)Lage: Miankotal (Zwischen den Pässen) liegt zwi-schen dem Paß des Mädchens (Kotal-e Dukhtar) und dem >>>Paß der Alten Frau (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), unterhalb der Paßhöhe (+2160 m ü. N. N.) des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km südwestlich vom Paß entfernt und etwa 12 km östlich vom Karavanserail Kotal-e Dukhtar, am alten, heute aufgegebe-nen und kaum noch befahrbaren Karawanenweg von Bus-hehr nach Shiraz (Abb. 6) in + 1600 m ü. N. N., also 560 m unterhalb der Paßhöhe des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Seit der Verle-gung der Straße ist auch das Dorf Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Abb. 48, Hausruinen) aufgegeben.Typ: Es handelt sich um zwei Karavanserails, die im Abstand von 5 m nebeneinander stehen. Beide Gebäude ent-sprechen dem Hoftyp.Großes Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen, 3 Stallabteilungen, einer Terrasse an der Südecke, vorgezogenem Portalbau und rückwärtiger Hofanlage (Abb. 49).Kleines Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen und rückwärtigem Anbau (Taf. 5,2.3) (Abb. 50).Abmessungen: Großer Bau: Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge 63 x 54 m, Hofabmessungen 38 x 30 m (Abb. 49). Höhe des Portalbaus 6,80 m (Abb. 51). An der Südecke ist unter Ausnutzung der Hanglage ein Untergeschoß, vom Portalbau aus zugänglich, als Stallung eingerichtet (Abb. 52).Kleiner Bau: Außenmaße ohne Anbau 38 × 34,50 m, Hofabmessungen 21 x 20 m (Abb. 50) und 4,90 m rekonstru-ierte Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 53).Baumaterial: Beide Bauten sind in Bruchsteinmauer-werk errichtet, die Hoffassaden und der Portalbau des großen Karavanserails sind mit sauber geschnittenem Quader-mauerwerk verkleidet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das kleine Ka-ravanserail ist sehr stark zerstört, das große Karavanserail durch Erdbeben erheblich beschädigt und teilweise einge-stürzt.Inschriften: von beiden Bauten nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der kleine Bau kann als Vorgänger des grö-Beren Karavanserails angesehen werden. Der große Bau ist in qadjarischer Zeit, im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet worden.Im Bereich des kleinen Karavanserails wurden Bruch-stücke von Hufeisen und dunkelgraubraune, unglasierte Ke-ramik (Abb. 54) gefunden.fn 39 Das große Karavanserail wurde am 5. 12. 1988 und das kleine Kara-vanserail am 9. 3. 1990 vermessen. [Miankotal/Miyankotal Caravanserai (Plate 4; 5.1) (Figs. 5; 48) (39)Location: Miankotal (Between the Passes) lies between the Girl's Pass (Kotal-e Dukhtar) and the Old Woman's Pass (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), below the summit (+2160 m a.s.l.) of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km southwest of the pass and about 12 km east of the Kotal-e Dukhtar Caravanserai, on the old, now abandoned and barely passable caravan route from Bushehr to Shiraz (Fig. 6) at +1600 m a.s.l., i.e., 560 m below the summit of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Since the road was rerouted, the village of Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Fig. 48, ruins of houses) has also been abandoned.Type: These are two caravanserails, standing 5 m apart. Both buildings are of the courtyard type.Large Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, three stable compartments, a terrace at the south corner, a projecting gatehouse, and a rear courtyard (Fig. 49).Small Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a rear extension (Plate 5.2.3) (Fig. 50).Dimensions: Large building: External dimensions without projections 63 x 54 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 30 m (Fig. 49).Height of the gatehouse 6.80 m (Fig. 51). At the southern corner, taking advantage of the slope, a basement level, accessible from the gatehouse, was constructed as a stable (Fig. 52).Smaller building: External dimensions without extensions 38 × 34.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21 × 20 m (Fig. 50), and a reconstructed facade height of 4.90 m (Fig. 53).Building material: Both buildings are constructed of rubble masonry; the courtyard facades and the gatehouse of the larger caravanserail are faced with neatly cut ashlar masonry.Structural features and condition: The smaller caravanserail is heavily damaged, while the larger caravanserail was significantly damaged by earthquakes and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known from either building.Dating: The smaller building can be considered the predecessor of the larger caravanserail. The large structure was built during the Qajar period, in the 19th century.Fragments of horseshoes and dark gray-brown, unglazed ceramics (Fig. 54) were found in the area of ??the small caravanserail.fn 39 The large caravanserail was surveyed on December 5, 1988, and the small caravanserail on March 9, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 32 Karavanserail Mirza Abdullah Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.782236 long 52.038047 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mirza Abdullah Khan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mirza Abdullah Khan « Karavanserail Mirza Abdullah Khan (Abb. 135 und 1633Lage: Rund 300 m nördlich des Karavanserails Imamza deh Hashem, an der Paßstraße von Amol nach Teheran,Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit zwei runden Ecktürmen an der Eingangsfassade.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 19,25 x 16,75 m (ohne dieVorsprünge).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: 1938 dem Stra-ßenbau zum Opfer gefallen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Unter Nasser ed-Din Shah im 19. Jahrhun dert errichtet beim Ausbau der Paßstraße. [Mirza Abdullah Khan Caravanserail (Figs. 135 and 1633)Location: Approximately 300 m north of the Imamza deh Hashem Caravanserail, on the mountain pass road from Amol to Tehran.Type: Covered mountain caravanserail with two round corner towers on the entrance facade.Dimensions: External dimensions 19.25 x 16.75 m (excluding theprojections).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Destroyed in 1938 due to road construction.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Built under Nasser al-Din Shah in the 19th century during the expansion of the mountain pass road.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 97 Karavanserail Misheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.18116 long 48.913905 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Misheh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Misheh « Karavanserail Misheh (Abb. 121 und 154) (109)Lage: 17km südöstlich von Malayer, in +1870 m ü.N.N. an der Straße Hamadan - Malayer - Isfahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail ohne spezielle Iwan-Bildung. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Türme 39 × 34 m.Hofmaße 24× 23,5 m. Mauerstärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbau auf Bruchsteinsockel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: In der Fassade eingezogener Eingang. Nur noch als Ruine erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Mittelalterlich bis neuzeitlich. fn 109 Der Bau wurde am 20. 4. 1976 vermessen. [Misheh Caravanserail (Figs. 121 and 154) (109)Location: 17 km southeast of Malayer, at 1870 m above sea level.On the Hamadan-Malayer-Isfahan road.Type: Courtyard caravanserail without a special iwan.Dimensions: External dimensions without towers 39 × 34 m.Courtyard dimensions 24 × 23.5 m. Wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Mud construction on a rubble stone foundation.Structural features and condition: Recessed entrance in the facade. Extant only as a ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Medieval to modern period.fn 109 The building was surveyed on April 20, 1976.9] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 91 Karavanserail Miyandasht I : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.428653 long 56.05929 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Miyandasht I , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Miyandasht I « Abmessungen: 50 × 42,30 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 23 × 12 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 216) und 9,10 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 217).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der östlicheEckturm wurde abgerissen, als der Hof 1 entstand. Der Baubefindet sich in relativ gutem Zustand.Inschriften:sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. Karavanserail ist das älteste Karavanserail in Miyandasht [Dimensions: 50 × 42.30 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 23 × 12 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 216), and 9.10 m height of the gatehouse (Fig. 217).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The easterncorner tower was demolished when Courtyard 1 was built. The buildingis in relatively good condition.Inscriptions:are unknown.Dating: Safavid, 17th century. This caravanserail is the oldest caravanserail in Miyandasht.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 117 Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.136082 long 56.021728 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chesterneh , Chistaneh , Chustaneh caravanserai , Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad , Salar Water Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Chesterneh « Leaving Bandar Abbas, the road to Lar runs along the coast in a westerly direction for some 15 miles, touching a few date groves here and there, and often crossing the dry beds of torrents which take their rise in the hills to the north. The "raised beach" formation, so conspicuous at Bandar Abbas, gradually disappears as one goes westward, and ends altogether about 15 miles west of Bandar Abbas. At the desolate serai of Chesterneh the road turns abruptly west through the Tang-i-Chakabak. A curious illusion was here produced by the salt efflorescence remaining in the dry bed of the torrent which runs through the pass: until within a few hundred yards, the white salt looked exactly like the foam of water, so naturally does it lie in the hundred channels occupied in flood-time by the water. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 153 « At 12 miles 5 furlongs a dry water-course appears to north of the road, and then runs off to east. One mile 6 furlongs in advance, the road crosses this water-course, flow to south-west, bed shallow, of a sandy whitish clay, and about 20 yards in breadth. At 14 miles 5 furlongs, the caravanserai and cistern of Chesterneh, both in good repair, and the latter full of sweet water. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 36 ※ SOURCE for Chistaneh « Chistaneh Well» in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Bandar_Abbas G-40C 1942} « The road now runs over sandy clayey ground, sparsely covered with yellow grass. At 3 miles pass the fortified caravanserai of Chistanch, the cistern of which was dry in March 1907. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 28 « 6. The route to Lar (137 miles) and by Lar to Shiraz goes by Chistāneh (at 15 miles) and Gachin Bala (at 23 miles) and so leaves the district: the only part at all difficult in dry weather lies apparently in broken country 4 miles beyond Chistaneh.§ fn. § See Routes in Persia, I, No 20. » #660 Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1915, ~ vol. 2 p. 1703 Salar water reservoir and caravanserai online reference link [accessed 16 Feb 2024] ※ SOURCE for Chustaneh caravanserai « CHUSTANEH-LAT. LONG. ELEV. 30'.A caravanserai in the Shamil District, 15 miles from Bandar 'Abbas on the road to Lair, and 3 miles from the coast. It has a cistern full of good water. (Butcher, April 1888-Persian Gulf Gazetteer, 1908). » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 215 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad « Karavanserail Mogh Ahmad (Taf. 25,2.3) (Abb. 7; 210) (101)Lage: 11 km westlich von Karavanserail Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh), 17 km östlich von Karavanserail Gecine (Gacin/Gachin), in +10 m ü. N.N., an der Route von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail, kreuzförmig mit vier Eck-räumen und außen umlaufender Bank.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 12 x 12m, Innenhöhe 3,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Keine hervor-gehobene Mittelkuppel, leicht verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Neben dem Karavanserail steht eine Kuppelzisterne mit einem äußeren Durchmesser von 9,90 m und einer Hö-he von 6,90 m. Durch Oberflächenwasser gespeist ist sie stark verlandet (Abb. 211).fn 101 Mogh Ahmad wurde am 14.3.1980 vermessen.[Mogh Ahmad Caravanserail (Plate 25.2.3) (Figs. 7; 210) (101)Location: 11 km west of Khan Sorkh (Khun Sorkh) Caravanserail, 17 km east of Gechin (Gachin/Gachin) Caravanserail, at an elevation of 10 m above sea level, on the route from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar.Type: Pavilion caravanserail, cruciform in shape with four corner rooms and a bench running around the outside.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 12 x 12 m, interior height 3.60 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: No prominent central dome, slightly dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Next to the caravanserail stands a domed cistern with an outer diameter of 9.90 m and a height of 6.90 m. Fed by surface water, it is heavily silted up (Fig. 211).fn 101 Mogh Ahmad was surveyed on March 14, 1980.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 117 [distances above do not correspond to those measured in GE. coordinate location of Mogh Ahmad given by IDAI.gazetteer as « Breite: 27.1, Länge: 56.0 (Genauigkeit: 3) » which is 4.5 kms SSW at a bearing of 206° from this location. determined location on basis of photographs matching those in Kleiss Tafels 25,2 and 25,3. PBR] Karavanserail Mohammadabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.767865 long 54.416696 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mohammadabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mohammadabad « Karavanserail Mohammadabad südlich Yazd (Abb. 4; 90) (40) Lage: 15 km südlich von Yazd (Zentrum), 20 km nörd lich des Karavanserails Aliabad, in + 1240 m ü. N. N., an de Straße von Yazd über Rafsandjan nach Kerman, sowie der Abzweigung nach Bafq-Zarand-Kerman.Typ: Hofanlage mit tonnengewölbten, langgestreckte Räumen auf drei Seiten, eine vierte Seite wahrscheinlich m runden Ecktürmen, die beiden rückwärtigen sind zerstör Vorgezogener, außermittig angelegter Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 53 x 42 m - Hofabmessungen 41,50 x 30,50 m, Höhe des Portalbau 5,10 m, Höhe der Ecktürme 6,10 m (Abb. 91).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lehmblockbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark ven fallen.fn 40 Die Ruine wurde am 4.3.1991 vermessen. [Mohammadabad Caravanserai south of Yazd (Fig. 4; 90) (40)Location: 15 km south of Yazd (city center), 20 km north of the Aliabad Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1240 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd via Rafsanjan to Kerman, and the junction to Bafq-Zarand-Kerman.Type: Courtyard complex with barrel-vaulted, elongated rooms on three sides, a fourth side probably with round corner towers; the two rear towers are destroyed. Projecting, off-center portal building.Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 53 x 42 m - Courtyard dimensions 41.50 x 30.50 m, height of the portal building 5.10 m, height of the corner towers 6.10 m (Fig. 91). Building materials: Clay bricks and clay block construction.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated.fn 40 The ruin was surveyed on March 4, 1991.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 58 Karavanserail Morgh (Murgh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 33.585491 long 50.238538 † basis (unknown) Supplement: location not determined VARIANT names: Karavanserail Morgh (Murgh) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Morgh (Murgh) « Karavanserail Morgh (Murgh) (Taf. 5,1.2) (Abb. 12; 47) (46)Lage: 20 km von Golpayegan (Brücke) und 21 km von Khomeyn entfernt, in +2000 m ü.N.N. (Paßlage), an der Ka-rawanenstraße Esfahan - Khomeyn - Hamadan - Tabriz, in leichter Hanglage.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und vorgezogenem(zerstörtem) Portalbau. fn. 46 Karavanserail Morgh wurde am 13. 5. 1994 vermessen. [Morgh (Murgh) Caravanserai (Plate 5,1.2) (Fig. 12; 47) (46) Location: 20 km from Golpayegan (bridge) and 21 km from Khomeyn, at +2000 m above sea level (pass location), on the caravan route Esfahan - Khomeyn - Hamadan - Tabriz, on a slight slope. Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans and a projecting (destroyed) portal structure. fn. 46 The Morgh Caravanserai was surveyed on May 13, 1994.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 30 Karavanserail Naseriyeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207253 , Karavanserail Naseriyeh , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207253 EAMENA-0207253 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Naseriyeh « Karavanserail Naseriyeh (Abb. 4; 132) (53)Lage: 16 km südöstlich von Rafsandjan (Zentrum), 25 km nordwestlich von Kabutar Khan, in +1610 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Yazd über Rafsandjan nach Ker-man.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, wobei die beiden seitlichen Iwane die Eingänge in die zwei Stallabtei-lungen bilden. Der Bau hat einen sechsseitigen Eingangsbau mit Kuppelüberdachung und zwei Rundtürme an der Eingangsfront.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge49,50×43 m, Hofabmessungen 21,40 X 21,40 m, Stallgang-breite 3,30 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 5,90 m, Höhe der Außenfassade 7,10 m und Höhe der Türme 10,10 m (Abb. 133).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 53 Naseriyeh wurde am 27.2. 1984 vermessen. [Naseriyeh Caravanserai (Fig. 4; 132) (53)Location: 16 km southeast of Rafsanjan (center), 25 km northwest of Kabutar Khan, at an elevation of 1610 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd via Rafsanjan to Kerman.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, the two side iwans forming the entrances to the two stable sections. The building has a hexagonal entrance structure with a domed roof and two round towers at the entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions excluding tower projections49.50 x 43 m, courtyard dimensions 21.40 x 21.40 m, stable passage width 3.30 m, courtyard facade height 5.90 m, exterior facade height 7.10 m, and tower height 10.10 m (Fig. 133).Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 53 Naseriyeh was surveyed on February 27, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 81 Karavanserail Nasrabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.119063 long 51.39477 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not correct coordinates to be determined. see note on Qal’eh Kharabeh location below VARIANT names: Karavanserail Nasrabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Nasrabad « Karavanserail Nasrabad (Taf. 16,4; 17,3.4) (Abb. 12; 135) 85Lage: 28 km südöstlich von Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) und 25 km nordwestlich von Kashan, in +830 m ü.N.N., am Ka-rawanenweg von Qom nach Kashan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, runden Ecktür-men, vier Stall-Abteilungen und einer Zisterne mit zwei Luft-schächten im Hof.Abmessungen: 79 x 53m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 49,50 x 33 m Hofabmessungen und 10,40 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 136). Die Zisterne hat Innenabmessungen von 10 x 4 m (Abb. 135). Im Westflügel des Karavanserails befindet sich ein vom Hof aus zugängiges Untergeschoß mit Nischengliederung der Wände und kreuzförmigem Grund-riß (Abb. 137).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel, Fassadenteile aus gebrannten Ziegeln (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Zum überwie-genden Teil ist das Bauwerk stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 85Nasrabad wurde am 5. 4. 1982 im Grundriß und am 14. 7. 1982 in den Schnitten und Ansichten und die Zisterne im Hof vermessen. [Nasrabad Caravanserai (Plates 16.4; 17.3.4) (Figs. 12; 135) 85Location: 28 km southeast of Sensen (Sinsin) and 25 km northwest of Kashan, at an elevation of 830 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Qom to Kashan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, round corner towers, four stable compartments, and a cistern with two air shafts in the courtyard.Dimensions: 79 x 53 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 49.50 x 33 m courtyard dimensions, and 10.40 m height of the gatehouse (Fig. 136). The cistern has internal dimensions of 10 x 4 m (Fig. 135). In the west wing of the caravanserai is a basement accessible from the courtyard, featuring niches in the walls and a cruciform floor plan (Fig. 137).Building material: mud bricks, facade sections made of fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is largely in ruins.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.The ground plan of Nasrabad was taken on April 5, 1982, and the sections and elevations, as well as the cistern in the courtyard, were surveyed on July 14, 1982.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 74 « QAL’EH KHARABEH bei Nasrabad (Abb. 13) liegt 3 km vom Dorf entfernt und somit auch z km vom gleichnamigen Karavanserail im Dorf aus qadjarischer Zeit. Das Karavanserail könnte der Ersatzbau für das Qaseh Kharabeh sein. [QAL’EH KHARABEH near Nasrabad (Fig. 13) is located 3 km from the village and thus also 2 km from the caravanserai of the same name in the village, dating from the Qajar period. The caravanserai could be the replacement structure for Qaseh Kharabeh. ] » #3210 Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, Dietrich Reimer Verlag GmbH, Berlin, 1994 ~ p. 277 Karavanserail Neyestanak [1km] (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.968905 long 52.786251 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Neyestanak [1km] (?) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Neyestanak [1km] (?) 1 km nördlich des Karavanserails Neyestanak liegen die Ruinen (Lehmbauweise) eines Zentralgebäudes mit Kuppel und östlichem, zusätzlichem Raumteil (Abb. 230). Funktion unbekannt, Datierung wahrscheinlich qadjarisch. Das Ge-bäude hat Außenmaße von 19 x 15 m. [1 km north of the Neyestanak caravanserail lie the ruins (mud-brick construction) of a central building with a dome and an additional eastern room (Fig. 230). Function unknown, dating probably Qajar. The building has external dimensions of 19 x 15 m.] Karavanserail Nimar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.555991 long 54.417599 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: The location details given by Kleiss and Pohanka are not sufficient to confirm the correct coordinates and this needs to be verified. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Nimar , Misidarga , Nimar (large K.) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Nimar « Karavanserail Nimar (Abb. 5; 250) 176Lage: 5 km südöstlich von Senakhet, 22 km nordöstlich von Hormud-e Bagh (Provinz Hormozgan), in +760 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Lar nach Bastak und Bandar-e Lan- geh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vorgezogenem Portal, über dem ein Wachtturm steht, und Stallungen im Ost- und im Westflügel.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung 33 × 26,80 m, Hofabmessungen 17 × 17 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 3,80 m, Höhe des Wachtturmes 7,70 m (Abb. 251). [Nimar Caravanserail (Fig. 5; 250) 176Location: 5 km southeast of Senakhet, 22 km northeast of Hormud-e Bagh (Hormozgan Province), at +760 m above sea level, on the way from Lar to Bastak and Bandar-e Lan.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with projecting portal, above which stands a watchtower, and stables in the east and west wings.Dimensions: External dimensions without portal projection 33 × 26.80 m, courtyard dimensions 17 × 17 m, height of the courtyard facades 3.80 m, height of the watchtower 7.70 m (Fig. 251).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 136 « zwei Kilometer weiter und etwas abseits der Straße steht ein großes, 29 x 29 m messendes Karavanserail aus schön behauenen Steinen, in dem sich heute der Gendarmerieposten von Nimar befindet (Abb. 14, Taf. 6/2). Der Bau entspricht in seinen Aussehen und Grundriß den Karavanserails der Route Bander Abbas – Lar – Jahrom Shiraz und dürfte etwa in die gleiche Zeit, also in die erste Hilfte des 17. Jhts. zu datieren sein. Nimar ist ein Hofkaravanserail und weist an jeder Seito fünf Kammern auf, die quadratischen Eckrifume werden von den abgeschrägten Ecken aus betreten. Zu beiden Seiten des mit einem Turn verschenen Einganges führen kurze, steile Treppen zum Dach der Kammern. Auffallend ist die große Ähnlichkeit von Nimar zun ersten Karavanserail auf der Strecke Lar Bander Abbas, Tang-i Jao (Abb. 15, Taf. 7). [Two kilometers further on and somewhat off the road stands a large caravanserai made of beautifully hewn stone, measuring 29 x 29 m, which today houses the Nimar gendarmerie post (Fig. 14, Pl. 6/2). The building's appearance and layout correspond to the caravanserai on the Bander Abbas - Lar - Jahrom Shiraz route and can probably be dated to around the same time, i.e. to the first half of the 17th century. Nimar is a court caravanserai and has five chambers on each side, the square corner rifums are entered from the beveled corners. On both sides of the entrance, which is closed off with a tower, short, steep stairs lead to the roof of the chambers. The great similarity between Nimar and the first caravanserai on the Lar Bander Abbas, Tang-i Jao route is striking (Fig. 15, Pl. 7).] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ p. 11 ※ SOURCE for Misidarga « The day of the 7th we left at the 20th hour and traveled until the Angelus. We rested in a caravanserai called Misidarga and left two hours before daylight on the 8th. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 292 ※ SOURCE for Nimar (large K.) « zwei Kilometer weiter und etwas abseits der Straße steht ein großes, 29 x 29 m messendes Karavanserail aus schön behauenen Steinen, in dem sich heute der Gen- darmerieposten von Nimar befindet (Abb. 13; Taf. 33,3). Der Bau entspricht in seinem Aussehen und Grundriß den Karavanserails der Route Bander Abbas Lar Djahrom Shiraz und dürfte etwa in die gleiche Zeit, also in die erste Hälfte des 17. Jhs. zu datieren sein. Nimar ist ein Hofkaravanserail und weist an jeder Seite fünf Kammern auf, die quadratischen Eckräume werden von den abgeschrägten Ecken aus betreten. Zu beiden Seiten des mit einem Turm versehenen Einganges führen kurze, steile Treppen zum Dach der Kammern. Auffallend ist die große Ähnlichkeit von Ni- mar zum ersten Karavanserail auf der Strecke Lar Bandar Abbas, Tang-e Nao (Abb. 14; Taf. 33,4). Es kann wohl mit Recht angenom- men werden, daß man hier zweimal den glei- chen Grundriß verwendet hat, beide Bauten dürften etwa zur selben Zeit entstanden sein (50). Den europäischen Reisenden war der Ort bekannt, Hedges nennt ihn "Nimma" (51), Gemelli-Carreri hat "Nimba" und Pereira Fidalgo "Niman" (53). fn. 50 Gaube1 46.fn. 51 Hedges30 204.fn. 52 Gemelli-Carreril17 273.fn. 53 Aubin49 37. [Two kilometers further on and somewhat off the road stands a large caravanserai made of beautifully hewn stone, measuring 29 x 29 m, which today houses the Nimar gendarmerie post (Fig. 13; Plate 33,3). The building's appearance and layout correspond to the caravanserai on the Bander Abbas Lar Djahrom Shiraz route and can be dated to about the same time, i.e. to the first half of the 17th century. Nimar is a court caravanserai and has five chambers on each side; the square corner rooms are entered from the slanted corners. On both sides of the entrance with a tower, short, steep stairs lead to the roof of the chambers. Nimar is strikingly similar to the first caravanserai on the Lar Bandar Abbas, Tang-e Nao route (Fig. 14; Plate 33,4). It can be assumed with good reason that the same floor plan was used twice here, both buildings were probably built at about the same time (50). The place was known to European travellers, Hedges calls it "Nimma" (51), Gemelli-Carreri "Nimba" and Pereira Fidalgo "Niman" (53). fn. 50 Gaube1 46. fn. 51 Hedges30 204. fn. 52 Gemelli-Carreril17 273. fn. 53 Aubin49 37.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 302 Karavanserail nördlich Mahyar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.356347 long 51.777432 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not yet located VARIANT names: Karavanserail nördlich Mahyar , Karawanserei Gonoresj , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail nördlich Mahyar « Karavanserail nördlich Mahyar (Abb. 12; 273)Lage: 10 km nördlich von Mahyar, 39 km südlich von Esfahan, an der Straße Esfahan - Shiraz, in +1640 m ü.N.N. Typ: Soweit noch erkennbar: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, ohne Türme und ohne vorge-zogenen Portalbau.Abmessungen: 52,50 x 51 (?) m Außenmaße, 30,50 x 29 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe der noch anstehenden Mauer etwa 2 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Grundriß ist nur noch etwa zur Hälfte erkennbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch oder frühqadjarisch. [Caravanserai north of Mahyar (Fig. 12; 273)Location: 10 km north of Mahyar, 39 km south of Isfahan, on the Isfahan-Shiraz road, at an elevation of 1640 m above sea level. Type: As far as can be determined, a courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, without towers or a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 52.50 x 51 (?) m external dimensions, 30.50 x 29 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the remaining wall approximately 2 m.Building material: Mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Only about half of the ground plan is still recognizable.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid or early Qajar.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 139 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Gonoresj « Habe bisher keine sonderlichen Krauter gefunden, als eines, das wie Asa foetida (Stinkasanth) stank. -Reisten weiter 1 Farsach durch Schlick. zur Karawanserei Gonoresj -sprich Gonoresch -, die gleich wie die vorige von Lehm erbaut war. Sind vorbei oder zur Seite herumgekommen vom Kula kasi, das weit oben vom Bergruck.en entfernt liegen blieb. [So far I haven't found any unusual herbs, except for one that smelled like asafoetida (stinking asafoetida). - We traveled another farsach through mud to the Gonoresj caravanserai (pronounced Gonoresch), which, like the previous one, was built of clay. We passed by or went around the Kula kasi, which remained far above the ridge.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 86 Karavanserail Now Damghan 3 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.166708 long 54.345971 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Now Damghan 3 , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Now Damghan 3 « Karavanserails in der Stadt Damghan (Abb. 7 und Abb. 185-187) (86)3. Karavanserail Now DamghanTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und Hofumgang.Abmessungen: Etwa 90 m lang und 60 m breit in den äußeren Abmessungen, soweit erhalten. Hofmaße 41 x 31 m. Höhenangaben können nicht gemacht werden, da keine Schnitte vorliegen. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, Teheran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), S.214, S. 147 und S. 59. [Caravanserails in the city of Damghan (Figs. 7 and 185-187) (86)3. Now Damghan CaravanserailType: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans and a courtyard.Dimensions: Approximately 90 m long and 60 m wide in its external dimensions, as far as preserved. Courtyard dimensions: 41 x 31 m. Height measurements cannot be given, as no cross-sections are available.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 86 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravanserails, Vol. I, Tehran 1362/1984 (in Farsi), p. 214, p. 147 and p. 59.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 103 Karavanserail Nughab (Naughab) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.792971 long 58.762294 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: unable to locate. position based on Kleiss inadequate directions VARIANT names: Karavanserail Nughab (Naughab) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Nughab (Naughab) « Karavanserail Nughab (Naughab) (Abb. 5) (86)Lage: Etwa 72 km südlich von Gonabad, 23 km nörd-lich von Tigh Ab, einer Ortschaft, in der die Wege von Ferdows (Tun) und von Gonabad nach Birdjand sich ver-einigen.Das Karavanserail von Nughab ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen.fn 86 Ebena, 24 [Nughab Caravanserail (Fig. 5) (86)Location: Approximately 72 km south of Gonabad, 23 km north of Tigh Ab, a village where the roads from Ferdows (Tun) and from Gonabad to Birdjand converge.The Nughab caravanserail is documented but not surveyed.fn 86 Ibid., 24] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 56 Karavanserail östlich von Semnan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.560333 long 53.440265 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail östlich von Semnan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail östlich von Semnan « Karavanserail östlich von Semnan (Taf. 30,2) (Abb. 7 und 168) (80), an der Straße von Semnan nach Mo'allemanLage: Die Ruine liegt 10 km südöstlich von Semnan und 5 km nordwestlich von Alla', in + 1010m ü. N. N. Sie gehört sowohl zu dem Weg von Semnan nach Mo'alleman als auch zum Weg von Semnan über Ab-e Germ, am Südrand der Ber-ge entlang nach Damghan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail einfachster Form mit Räumen um den Hof herum. Spuren von 3 Iwanen sind sichtbar, der Eingangsiwan und die südliche Seite des Karavanserails sind vollständig zerstört.Abmessungen: 62 × 61m Außenmaße, 49 × 45 m Hofab-messungen, Höhe des Gebäudes auf 6 m rekonstruiert.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Ruine ist stark verfallen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Möglicherweise 19. Jahrhundert.fn 80 Die Ruine wurde am 12. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Caravanserail east of Semnan (Plate 30.2) (Figs. 7 and 168) (80), on the road from Semnan to Mo'allemanLocation: The ruin lies 10 km southeast of Semnan and 5 km northwest of Alla', at an elevation of 1010 m above sea level. It is part of both the road from Semnan to Mo'alleman and the road from Semnan via Ab-e Germ, along the southern edge of the mountains to Damghan.Type: A simple courtyard caravanserail with rooms arranged around the courtyard. Traces of three iwans are visible; the entrance iwan and the southern side of the caravanserail are completely destroyed.Dimensions: 62 × 61 m external dimensions, 49 × 45 m courtyard dimensions, building height reconstructed to 6 m.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: The ruin is in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Possibly 19th century.fn 80 The ruin was surveyed on October 12, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 93 Karavanserail Pa Cenar (Petchinar) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.603296 long 49.56745 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pa Cenar (Petchinar) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pa Cenar (Petchinar) « Karavanserail Pa Cenar (Petchinar) (Abb. 4 und 89) (73)Lage: 3 km südöstlich der Brücke von Loshan, am Wege von Bandar-e Anzali und Rasht nach Qazvin gelegen, 82 km (Straße) nordwestlich von Qazvin. Der Bau ist weitgehend zerstört, hatte eine Größe wie etwa das Karavanserail Kharzan. Das Karavanserail lag leicht erhöht über der Einmün-dung des alten Karawanenweges, wie der modernen Asphalt-straße in das Tal des Shahrud (Abb.90). Weitere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden.fn 73 Der Platz des abgerissenen Karavanserails Pa Cenar wurde am 8. 8. 1983 besucht. [ 812 Caravanserail Pa Cenar (Petchinar) (Figs. 4 and 89) (73)Location: 3 km southeast of the Loshan bridge, on the road from Bandar-e Anzali and Rasht to Qazvin, 82 km (by road) northwest of Qazvin. The structure is largely destroyed and was roughly the same size as the Kharzan caravanserail. It was situated on slightly elevated ground above the confluence of the old caravan route and the modern asphalt road into the Shahrud valley (Fig. 90). No further information is available.fn 73 The site of the demolished Pa Cenar caravanserail was visited on August 8, 1983.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 56 Karavanserail Pa Kabud I : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.041572 long 51.839671 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pa Kabud I , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pa Kabud I « Karavanserail Pa Kabud I (Taf. 16,2) (Abb. 155 und 177)123Lage: Südlich unterhalb des Gardan-e Kabud, in +2800 m ü. N. N., am Wege von Teheran über Baladeh an das Kaspische Meer gelegen. Nur zu Fuß erreichbar, wie das Ka-ravanserail Pa Kabud II, nördlich des Passes in Mazanderan.Typ: Einschiffiges, gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit zwei jüngeren Anbauten (Abb. 178).Abmessungen: Mit Anbauten 26 × 11,50 m. Innenhöhe3,70 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr ruinös.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. - Aus dem Be-reich des Karavanserails stammt eine rötlichbraune Scherbe mit glatt gestrichener Oberfläche aus islamischer Zeit (Abb. 179). [Caravanserai Pa Kabud I (Plate 16.2) (Figs. 155 and 177) 123Location: South of Gardan-e Kabud, at an elevation of 2800 m above sea level, on the road from Tehran via Baladeh to the Caspian Sea. Accessible only on foot, like Caravanserai Pa Kabud II, north of the pass in Mazanderan.Type: Single-nave, covered mountain caravanserai with two later additions (Fig. 178).Dimensions: With additions, 26 × 11.50 m. Interior height3.70 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century. - From the area of ??the caravanserail comes a reddish-brown shard with a smooth surface dating from Islamic times (Fig. 179).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 104 Karavanserail Pataveh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.964392 long 51.259795 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pataveh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pataveh « Karavanserail Pataveh (Taf. 3,2) (Abb. 4; 30) 32Lage: 115 km südwestlich von Semirom, am Weg von Esfahan nach Yasudj und über Dehdasht und Behbahan nach Bandar-e Deylam am Persischen Golf, 46 km von Meymand und 65 km von Yasudj entfernt, in +1420 m ü.N.N. oberhalb zweier Brücken.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingang und wahr-scheinlich zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Iwanen.Abmessungen: 41 x 35m Außenmaße, 23 x 22 m Hofab-messungen, die Ruine bis zu 3,50 m Höhe erhalten (Abb. 30). Baumaterial: Lehmbau auf Bruchsteinfundament.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit entstanden.fn 32 Vgl. W. Kleiss, AMI 28, 1995, 347-350.-Das Karavanserail wurde am 29. 9. 1989 und am 2. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Caravanserai Pataveh (Plate 3.2) (Fig. 4; 30) 32Location: 115 km southwest of Semirom, on the road from Isfahan to Yasuj and via Dehdasht and Behbahan to Bandar-e Deylam on the Persian Gulf, 46 km from Meymand and 65 km from Yasuj, at an elevation of 1420 m above sea level, above two bridges.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with one entrance and probably two opposing iwans.Dimensions: 41 x 35 m external dimensions, 23 x 22 m courtyard dimensions, the ruins preserved to a height of up to 3.50 m (Fig. 30). Building material: Mud-brick construction on a rubble stone foundation.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably originated in the Qajar period.fn 32 Cf. W. Kleiss, AMI 28, 1995, 347-350. The caravanserail was surveyed on September 29, 1989, and October 2, 1994.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 24 Karavanserail Pol-e Djudjehak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 30.021014 long 51.984106 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: location not identified, position based on iDAI.gazetteer VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pol-e Djudjehak , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Djudjehak « Karavanserail Pol-e Djudjehak (Abb. 5; 79)Lage: 41 km südöstlich von Pol-e Murt und 23 km west-lich von Sangar, in + 1740 m ü. N. N., an dem Kurzweg von Shiraz nach Khuzestan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 35,50 × 29 m, Hofabmes-sungen 24,50 × 18 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein. fn. 61 Das Karavanserail Pol-e Djudjehak wurde am 20. 9. 1988 vermessen. - AMI 23, 1990, 280 f. [Pol-e Judjehak Caravanserai (Fig. 5; 79)Location: 41 km southeast of Pol-e Murt and 23 km west of Sangar, at +1740 m above sea level, on the short route from Shiraz to Khuzestan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans.Dimensions: External dimensions 35.50 × 29 m, courtyard dimensions 24.50 × 18 m, building height 4.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone. fn. 61 The Pol-e Judjehak caravanserai was surveyed on September 20, 1988. - AMI 23, 1990, 280 f.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 50 Karavanserail Pol-e Doab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.046604 long 49.354391 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pol-e Doab , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Doab « Karavanserail Pol-e Doab (Taf. 10,4 und 11,1), am Wege von Arak nach Borujerd (Abb. 3 und 63) (32)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht am nördlichen Brücken-kopf einer siebenbogigen Brücke, 37 km westlich von Arak, am Weg von Arak nach Borudjerd, in + 1790 m ü. N.N.Typ: Einfaches Hofkaravanserail mit außermittigem Portalbau, der vor die Außenfassade vorgezogen ist.Abmessungen: 37×37 m Außenmaße, 24,50 x 20 m Hof-abmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 7,20 m (Abb.64).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die gesamte Ostseite des Karavanserails ist zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Spätqadjarisch.fn 32 Der Bau wurde am 25. 9. 1993 vermessen. [Caravanserail Pol-e Doab (Plates 10.4 and 11.1), on the road from Arak to Borujerd (Figs. 3 and 63) (32)Location: The caravanserail stands at the northern abutment of a seven-arched bridge, 37 km west of Arak, on the road from Arak to Borujerd, at an elevation of 1790 m above sea level.Type: Simple courtyard caravanserail with an off-center portal structure projecting from the outer facade.Dimensions: 37 × 37 m external dimensions, 24.50 × 20 m courtyard dimensions, height of the portal structure approximately 7.20 m (Fig. 64).Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: The entire eastern side of the caravanserail is destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Late Qajar.fn 32 The structure was surveyed on September 25, 1993.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 45 Karavanserail Pol-e Khatun : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.964485 long 61.118617 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pol-e Khatun , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Khatun « Karavanserail Pol-e Khatun (Abb. 5) 47Lage: An der Mündung des Kashaf-Rud in den Hari-Rud, den Grenzfluß zwischen Iran und Turkmenistan. Eine steinerne Brücke und ein Karavanserail sind am Ort - auf iranischem Gebiet - erhalten. Pol-e Khatun liegt 147 km östlich von Mashhad und etwa 80 km östlich Robat-e Mahi. Nähere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden, das Kara-vanserail und die Brücke sind nicht vermessen. Pol-e Khatun liegt am Karawanenweg von Mashhad nach Balkh. fn 47 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 548f. [Caravanserail Pol-e Khatun (Fig. 5) 47Location: At the confluence of the Kashaf Rud and the Hari Rud, the border river between Iran and Turkmenistan. A stone bridge and a caravanserail are preserved at the site—on Iranian territory. Pol-e Khatun lies 147 km east of Mashhad and about 80 km east of Robat-e Mahi. No further details are available, as the caravanserail and the bridge have not been surveyed. Pol-e Khatun is located on the caravan route from Mashhad to Balkh.fn 47 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 548f.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 43 Karavanserail Pol-e Kul : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.189075 long 55.762354 † basis (unknown, disputed, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pol-e Kul , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Kul « Karavanserail Pol-e Kul (Abb. 7; 214) (103)Lage: 25 km westlich des Karavanserails Gecine (Gacin/Gachin), am östlichen Brückenkopf des über 1 km langen, zweiteiligen, durch einen Damm verbundenen Brückenüberganges über den Rud-e Kul, in + 15 m ü. N.N., [Karavanserail Pol-e Kul (Fig. 7; 214) (103)Location: 25 km west of the Gecine caravanserail (Gacin/Gachin), at the eastern bridgehead of the over 1 km long, two-part bridge crossing over the Rud-e Kul, connected by a causeway, at + 15 m above sea level. N.N., ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 120 Karavanserail Qal'eh Sardab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.892308 long 51.798834 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qal'eh Sardab , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Sardab « Karavanserail Qal'eh Sardab in Lartal (Taf. 18,2.3) (Abb. 155 und 186) (128)Lage: 22 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Bastak, am Aufgang zur - südlich gelegenen - Gardaneh-ye Lavasan, in +2570 m ü. N.N., am Wege von Qom und Varamin (Ve-ramin) nach Baladeh und an das Kaspische Meer.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail mit a stark zer störten Anbauten in Hanglage (Abb. 187). Der kleine Bau be-steht aus 3 überkuppelten Räumen.Abmessungen: Kleiner Bau: 11,80 x 4.30 m. Karavan-serail mit Anbauten: 34,60 x 14.40 m. Raumhöhe 4 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der große Bau gut erhalten, der kleine Bau Ruine.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch und qadjarisch.fn 128 Beide Gebäude wurden am 18. 7. 1982 vermessen. [Caravanserai Qal'eh Sardab in Lartal (Plate 18.2.3) (Figs. 155 and 186) (128)Location: 22 km southeast of Caravanserai Bastak, on the ascent to the Gardaneh-ye Lavasan mountain range to the south, at an elevation of 2570 m above sea level, on the road from Qom and Varamin (Ve-ramin) to Baladeh and the Caspian Sea.Type: Covered mountain caravanserai with heavily damaged outbuildings on a hillside (Fig. 187). The small building consists of three domed rooms.Dimensions: Small building: 11.80 x 4.30 m. Caravanserai with outbuildings: 34.60 x 14.40 m. Ceiling height: 4 m.Building material: Rubble masonry. Architectural features and condition: The large building is well preserved, the small building is a ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid and Qajar.fn 128 Both buildings were surveyed on July 18, 1982. ] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 112 Karavanserail Qasr-e Bahram : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: location not yet found VARIANT names: Caravansarai Qasr-e-bahram , Karavanserail Qasr-e Bahram , ※ SOURCE for Caravansarai Qasr-e-bahram « Caravansarai: Qasr- e-bahram.Location: South of Tehrān.Plan type: Four iwāns.Period: Safavid.Decoration(s): Four round towers.Building material(s) : Brick - Stone. » #3252 Kiani, M. Y. and W. Kleiss, Iranian Caravansarais, Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran, 1994 ~ p. 450 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qasr-e Bahram « Karavanserail Qasr-e Bahram, südwestlich Teheran (Abb. 155 und 218) (142)Lage: 21 km südwestlich der Altstadt von Teheran, am Wege nach Robat Karim und Saveh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und vorgezogenen Portalbauten der einander gegenüberliegenden beiden Ein-gänge.Abmessungen: Außenmaße einschließlich der Turmvor-sprünge 72,50 × 65 m, Hofmaße 38 × 28,80 m. Weitere Maß-angaben sind nicht möglich, da nur eine vermessene Dachauf-sicht iranischer Kollegen vorliegt.Baumaterial: Steinfundament und gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist weit-gehend erhalten und wird wirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 142 Kleiss/Kiani¹ I S.97. [Caravanserail Qasr-e Bahram, southwest of Tehran (Figs. 155 and 218) (142)Location: 21 km southwest of the old city of Tehran, on the road to Robat Karim and Saveh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and projecting portal structures at the two opposing entrances.Dimensions: External dimensions including the tower projections 72.50 × 65 m, courtyard dimensions 38 × 28.80 m. Further measurements are not available, as only a survey of the roof by Iranian colleagues is available.Building material: Stone foundation and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The building is largely preserved and is in commercial use.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Safavid. fn 142 Kleiss/Kiani¹ I S..97.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 126 Karavanserail Qavamabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.118446 long 52.98085 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qavamabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qavamabad « Karavanserail Qavamabad (Qavam Abad) (Taf. 11,3; 12,1.2) (Abb. 5; 119) (85)Lage: 12 km nördlich Sivand und etwa 18 km südwest-lich von Madar-e Suleiman (Pasargadae), in +1750 m ü. N. N., an der mittelalterlichen Route von Esfahan nach Shiraz, die seit dem modernen Ausbau mit dem Verlauf der Asphaltstraße wieder identisch ist.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, fünf Stallabtei-lungen und zwei Wohnhöfen in den nördlichen Ecken des Gebäudes, mit von innen und von außen zugängigen Toiletten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 80 x 78 m, Hofabmessun-gen 45 × 45 m, Hoffassaden maximal 7,50 m hoch, Höhe des Portalbaus 8,10 m (Abb. 120).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 x 22 x 5 cm) auf Quadersockel. An den Fassaden farbig glasierte Ziegel (tür-kis, dunkelblau und weiß), im Mosaik verlegt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist teil-weise zerstört, wird aber vom Dorf landwirtschaftlich ge-nutzt.Inschriften: Über dem Portal ist eine Bauinschrift erhal-ten, der Text ist unbekannt.Datierung: In spätsafavidische bis frühqadjarische Zeit, wahrscheinlich überwiegend Karim-Khan-e Zand-Zeit.85 Das Karavanserail Qavamabad wurde am 3. 9. 1991 vermessen. [Qavamabad Caravanserai (Qavam Abad) (Plates 11.3; 12.1.2) (Figs. 5; 119) (85)Location: 12 km north of Sivand and approximately 18 km southwest of Madar-e Suleiman (Pasargadae), at an elevation of 1750 m above sea level, on the medieval route from Isfahan to Shiraz, which, since modern improvements, now coincides with the route of the asphalt road.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, five stable compartments, and two residential courtyards in the northern corners of the building, with toilets accessible from both inside and outside.Dimensions: External dimensions 80 x 78 m, courtyard dimensions 45 x 45 m, courtyard facades maximum 7.50 m high, height of the gatehouse 8.10 m (Fig. 120).Building material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5 cm) on a rectangular base. The facades are clad in colored glazed bricks (turquoise, dark blue, and white) laid in a mosaic pattern.Structural features and condition: The building is partially destroyed but is used for agricultural purposes by the village.Inscriptions: A building inscription survives above the portal; the text is unknown.Dating: Late Safavid to early Qajar period, probably predominantly the Karim Khan-e Zand period.85 The Qavamabad Caravanserai was surveyed on September 3, 1991.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 68 Karavanserail Qazzaq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.020653 long 51.297219 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qazzaq , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qazzaq « Karawanenbauten bei Qazzaq/Khozzaq (Taf. 14,1) (Abb. 12; 108) (75)Lage: 3 km nordwestlich von Ravand (12 km nordwest-ich von Kashan), in +1040 m ü.N.N. (Station).Es handelt sich (Abb. 108) um eine Station oder ein Cay Khaneh, um die Umfassungsmauern eines Karavanserails, um einen Karawanenrichtpunkt (Mil) über einer Schlucht und am Reste einer gebauten Straße in der Schlucht, die zur Route on Delidjan nach Marendjab gehören (Abb. 108; 109).2. Das Karavanserail ist wahrscheinlich unvollendet - nur noch als Rechteck mit Portal in Form eines Bruchsteinsockels von 34 x 25 m Größe (Abb. 113) sichtbar.fn 75 Die Umgebung von Qazzaq wurde am 6. 3. 1986 aufgenommen. [Caravan buildings near Qazzaq/Khozzaq (Plate 14.1) (Figs. 12; 108) (75)Location: 3 km northwest of Ravand (12 km northwest of Kashan), at 1040 m above sea level (station).This (Fig. 108) is a station or Cay Khaneh, the perimeter walls of a caravanserail, a caravan reference point (Mil) above a ravine, and the remains of a road built in the ravine, belonging to the route from Delidjan to Marendjab (Figs. 108; 109).2. The caravanserail is probably unfinished – only a rectangle with a portal in the form of a rubble stone base measuring 34 x 25 m is visible (Fig. 113).fn 75 The area around Qazzaq was photographed on 6 March 1986.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 60 Karavanserail Qishlaq Murali : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.926689 long 50.06805 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qishlaq Murali , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qishlaq Murali « Lage: 11 km südlich des Karavanserails Mohammad-abad, am Wege Qazvin - Saveh - Isfahan, in +1140 m ü. N.N., 1 km südlich der Pol-e Shahabbassi über den Khar Rud (Rud-e Shur).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Eingang auf der Westseite und vier Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 132 x 89 m, Hofmaße 112 x 67 m, Mauerstärke 1 m. [Location: 11 km south of the Mohammad-abad Caravanserail, on the Qazvin-Saveh-Isfahan road, at an elevation of 1140 m above sea level, 1 km south of the Pol-e Shahabbassi above the Khar Rud (Rud-e Shur).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with an entrance on the west side and four corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions 132 x 89 m, courtyard dimensions 112 x 67 m, wall thickness 1 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 69 Karavanserail Rakeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.051826 long 50.933165 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Rakeh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Rakeh « Lage: Der Bau steht 54 km westlich von Kashan (45 km westlich von Ravand) in + 2020 m ü. N.N., an der Route von Delidjan nach Kashan und 5 km vom Mil-e Naraq entfernt (in Sichtweite).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit nur zwei Stall-Trakten und vier schweren Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 37 x 35,70 m (ohne Ecktürme) Außen-maße, 34 × 22,70 m Hofabmessungen und 4,90 m Höhe (Abb.80). [Location: The structure is located 54 km west of Kashan (45 km west of Ravand) at an elevation of 2020 m above sea level, on the route from Delijan to Kashan and 5 km from the Mil-e Naraq (within sight).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with only two stable wings and four heavy corner towers.Dimensions: 37 x 35.70 m (excluding corner towers) external dimensions, 34 × 22.70 m courtyard dimensions, and 4.90 m height (Fig. 80).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 54 Karavanserail Reshmeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.157129 long 52.40776 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: No structural remains of the caravanserai survive. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Reshmeh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Reshmeh « Das Karavanserail Reshmeh (Abb. 7), etwa 10 km südöst-lich von Garmsar und 5 km nördlich des Nordendes der Pflasterstraße (Rah-e Sang-e Farsh)Von dem Karavanserail sind keine Baureste erhalten. [The Reshmeh Caravanserai (Fig. 7), located approximately 10 km southeast of Garmsar and 5 km north of the northern end of the paved road (Rah-e Sang-e Farsh).No structural remains of the caravanserai survive.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 85 Karavanserail Rezaabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.978596 long 50.483529 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Rezaabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Rezaabad « Karavanserail Rezaabad (Taf. 16,2) (Abb. 3 und 89) östlich von Saveh (46)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 13 km östlich von Saveh, 5 km östlich des Karavanserails von Bagh-e Sheikh, in +1000 m ü. N.N., an der Route von Saveh nach Qom. fn 46 Karavanserail Rezaabad wurde am 23.4. 1980 vermessen. [Rezaabad Caravanserail (Plate 16.2) (Figs. 3 and 89) east of Saveh (46)Location: The caravanserail is located 13 km east of Saveh, 5 km east of the Bagh-e Sheikh Caravanserail, at an elevation of 1000 m above sea level, on the route from Saveh to Qom.The Rezaabad Caravanserail (see Figure 46) was surveyed on April 23, 1980.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 57 Karavanserail Robat : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Achaha-Agakamala caravanserai , Karavanserail Robat , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Robat) , ※ SOURCE for Achaha-Agakamala caravanserai « De trois en trois lieuës on y trouve des Carvanſeras. Le premier s'appelle Achaha-Agakamala; [Every three leagues there are Carvanſeras. The first is called Achaha-Agakamala;] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat « Karavanserail Robat (Taf. 19,2.3.4) (Abb. 12; 154) (93)Lage: Das Karavanserail Robat nahe gleichnamigem Dorf wird bei M.Siroux unter dem Namen Tchâh-gadeh oder Agha-Kemâl bala (Aghâ-Kemâl pain = Vandadeh) geführt. Es liegt 3 km südlich der beiden Robate von Ceqa Deh/CheqaDeh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Gadeh), 19 km östlich von Meymeh, in +2200 m ü.N.N., am Karawanenweg von Kashan über Vandadeh/Vendadeh, der nächsten Station (südlich), nach Es-fahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Eingangskuppel und nur leicht vorgezogenem Portal-bau sowie Eck- und Zwischentürmen.Abmessungen: 67 x 65,50 m Außenmaße, 31 x 30,70 m Hofabmessungen, Kuppelhöhe 9 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 8 m (Abb. 155).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).93 Das Karavanserail Robat wurde am 6. 9. 1991 vermessen. - Siroux, Anciennes voies... 148f. [Karavanserail Robat (Plate 19,2.3.4) (Fig. 12; 154) (93)Location: The Karavanserail Robat near the village of the same name is listed by M.Siroux under the name Tchâh-gadeh or Agha-Kemâl bala (Aghâ-Kemâl pain = Vandadeh). It is located 3 km south of the two robates of Ceqa Deh/CheqaDeh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Gadeh), 19 km east of Meymeh, at +2200 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Kashan via Vandadeh/Vendadeh, the next station (south), to Es-fahan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, an entrance dome, and a slightly projecting portal structure, as well as corner and intermediate towers.Dimensions: 67 x 65.50 m external dimensions, 31 x 30.70 m courtyard dimensions, dome height 9 m, portal structure height 8 m (Fig. 155).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).93 The Robat caravanserai was surveyed on September 6, 1991. - Siroux, Anciennes voies... 148f.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 81 Karavanserail Robat Gur : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.742217 long 56.494793 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ruins not clearly visible. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat Gur , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Gur(Arch. Site) « Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Taf. 27,4) (Abb. 5 und 81) (99)Lage: 52 km westlich von Tabas, 27 km südwestlich von Robat-e Dahaneh und 38 km nordöstlich von Kalmard, an der Straße von Neyshabur nach Yazd und an der Straße von Tabas nach Yazd. Die Ortsbezeichnung Robat-e Gur (Kur) umfaßt das Karavanserail, in +920 m ü. N. N., einen Ziegelbrennofen aus der Bauzeit des Karavanserails, eine Zisterne (Abanbar) und die Ruine eines Robats östlich des Karavanserails. In 4 km Entfernung liegen - östlich der Straße nach Yazd - die Ruinen des Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan und der umliegenden Gebäude und Zister-nen, in + 890 m ü. N.N.1. Das Karavanserail Robat Gur (Kur) (Abb. 82)Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und einer Nischenfassade.Abmessungen: 59 × 58,50 m Außenmaße, 31,50 × 29 m Hofabmessungen. Gebäudehöhe 4,80 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird als Autohof genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: In qadjarischer Zeit erbaut.fn 99 Robat-e Gur (Kur) - Karavanserail und Robat - wurden am - wurden am 1.1.1976 vermessen. [Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Plate 27.4) (Figs. 5 and 81) (99)Location: 52 km west of Tabas, 27 km southwest of Robat-e Dahaneh, and 38 km northeast of Kalmard, on the road from Neyshabur to Yazd and on the road from Tabas to Yazd. The site name Robat-e Gur (Kur) encompasses the caravanserai, at 920 m above sea level, a brick kiln dating from the time of the caravanserai's construction, a cistern (abanbar), and the ruins of a robat east of the caravanserai. Four kilometers away—east of the road to Yazd—lie the ruins of Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan and the surrounding buildings and cisterns, at 890 m above sea level. N.N.1. The Robat Gur (Kur) Caravanserail (Fig. 82)Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a niche facade.Dimensions: 59 × 58.50 m external dimensions, 31.50 × 29 m courtyard dimensions. Building height 4.80 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used as a truck stop.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built in the Qajar period.fn 99 Robat-e Gur (Kur) - Caravanserail and Robat - were surveyed on January 1, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ pp. 59-60 Karavanserail Robat Hassanabad Cakaneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.800708 long 58.504111 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: no details available VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat Hassanabad Cakaneh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Hassanabad Cakaneh « Karavanserail Robat Hassanabad Cakaneh (Abb. 5)Ein größeres Karavanserail ist beim Ort Hassana Cakaneh überliefert, jedoch vollständig zerstört.Es lag an der südlichen Karawanenroute von Maz anderan nach Tus/Mashhad und an einer Nord-SüdrouteAshqabad/Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan) über Qucan nach Neyshabur und nach Sabzevar. Bauliche Details sind nicht bekannt. [Caravanserail Robat Hassanabad Cakaneh (Fig. 5)A larger caravanserail is documented near the village of Hassana Cakaneh, but it is completely destroyed.It was located on the southern caravan route from Mazanderan to Tus/Mashhad and on a north-south route from Ashqabad/Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan) via Qucan to Neyshabur and Sabzevar. No structural details are known.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 20 Karavanserail Robat Olya : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.750118 long 49.766471 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat Olya , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Olya « Karavanserail Robat Olya (Taf. 12,3) (Abb. 3 und 72)Lage: 28 km nordwestlich von Khomein, in + 2080 m ü. N.N., an der direkten Karawanenroute von Esfahan über die Umgebung von Golpayegan und über Khomein nach Ha-madan. Diese Route führt nicht über Arak, sondern führt über einen Paß direkt nach Pol-e Doab und Khondab sowie über eine Brücke bei Miladjerd nach Hamadan (Abb. 3).3 km südöstlich von Robat Olya war in Robat Sofla ein weiteres Karavanserail angelegt, ist aber spurlos abgerissen. Nach Auskunft Einheimischer befanden sich noch zwei weitere Karavanserails auf dem Weg von Robat Olya über Hafteh nach Shazand in 2 und 4 Farsangen (12 und 24 km) Abstand vom Ort Robat Olya. Alle diese Bauten sind voll-ständig zerstört.Im Ort Robat Olya ist der Platz des zerstörten Karavan-serails (Abb.72) bekannt. Als Fundament und Türschwell-steine sind mehrere große, graue Steinplatten in einem mo-dernen Gebäude verbaut, die reiche Ornamentik und zum Teil Inschriften zeigen (Taf. 12,4). Weitere Ornamentsteine dienen zur Bachverbauung (Taf. 13,1). Steinplatten mit einer großen Kufi-Inschrift, wohl einer Bauinschrift, die aber stark verwittert, abgeschliffen und nicht mehr lesbar ist, sind au-ßerdem zu erwähnen (Taf. 13,2) [Caravanserail Robat Olya (Plate 12.3) (Figs. 3 and 72)Location: 28 km northwest of Khomein, at an elevation of 2080 m above sea level, on the direct caravan route from Isfahan via the area around Golpayegan and Khomein to Hamadan. This route does not pass through Arak, but leads directly over a pass to Pol-e Doab and Khondab, and then over a bridge near Miladjerd to Hamadan (Fig. 3).Another caravanserail was located 3 km southeast of Robat Olya in Robat Sofla, but it has been completely demolished. According to locals, two more caravanserails were located on the route from Robat Olya via Hafteh to Shazand, at distances of 2 and 4 farsangs (12 and 24 km) from the town of Robat Olya. All of these structures are completely destroyed.The site of the destroyed caravanserail is known in Robat Olya (Fig. 72). Several large, gray stone slabs, richly ornamented and partly bearing inscriptions, are incorporated into a modern building as foundations and threshold stones (Plate 12.4). Other ornamental stones serve as stream bank reinforcement (Plate 13.1). Stone slabs with a large Kufic inscription, likely a building inscription, are also noteworthy, but it is heavily weathered, worn away, and no longer legible (Plate 13.2).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 49 Karavanserail Sabzevar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.207709 long 57.667386 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sabzevar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sabzevar « Lage: Sabzevar (nicht zu verwechseln mit dem afghani-schen Ort gleichen Namens) liegt an der südlichen Khoras-anstraße in +940 m ü. N.N. und ist Kreuzungspunkt mit einer Nordsüdroute von Turkmenistan (Ashkhabad/Ashqa-bad) nach Tabas und Yazd.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen, einer auf drei Seiten umlaufenden und nicht unterteilten Stallung und einer Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: Das Karavanserail hat 64,50 × 61 m Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung und 35,50 × 30 m Hofabmessungen. Die Breite der Stallgänge beträgt 4,10 m, der Kuppeldurchmesser 6,80 m. [Location: Sabzevar (not to be confused with the Afghan town of the same name) lies on the southern Khorasan Road at an elevation of 940 m above sea level and is a junction with a north-south route from Turkmenistan (Ashkhabad/Ashqa-bad) to Tabas and Yazd.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans, an undivided stable enclosing three sides, and a dome over the entrance.Dimensions: The caravanserail has external dimensions of 64.50 × 61 m (excluding the portal projection) and courtyard dimensions of 35.50 × 30 m. The width of the stable passageways is 4.10 m, and the dome diameter is 6.80 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 27 Karavanserail Sadrabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.236782 long 51.155779 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sadrabad , serai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sadrabad « Karavanserail Sadrabad (Abb. 3 und 102), nördlich von Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (51)Lage: In Grenzlage auf dem Gebiet der Provinz Tehe-ran (?), auf halbem Wege zwischen den Karavanserails Ken-argerd/Hassanabad und Hauz-e Sultan.Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail und größere Zisterne.Abmessungen: 36 × 36 m Außenmaße, 24 x 24 m Hofab-messungen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (24/24/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail ist um 1970 abgerissen worden, um mit dem Ziegelmate-rial ein benachbartes, landwirtschaftliches Gebäude (Stall) zu errichten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau dürfte zusammen mit den Karavan-serails der Strecke von Teheran nach Qom in safavidischer Zeit errichtet worden sein.fn 51 Die Ruinen von Sadrabad, nördlich von Hauz-e Sultan, wurden am 22. 11. 1976 vermessen. [Sadrabad Caravanserail (Figs. 3 and 102), north of Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan) (51)Location: On the border of the Tehran Province (?), halfway between the Kenargerd/Hassanabad and Hauz-e Sultan caravanserails.Type: Small courtyard caravanserail and larger cistern.Dimensions: 36 × 36 m external dimensions, 24 × 24 m courtyard dimensions.Building material: Fired bricks (24/24/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The caravanserail was demolished around 1970 to use the bricks for the construction of an adjacent agricultural building (barn).Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: The structure was likely built during the Safavid era, along with the caravanserails along the Tehran-Qom route.fn 51 The ruins of Sadrabad, north of Hauz-e Sultan, were surveyed on November 22, 1976.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 63 ※ SOURCE for serai « Kinaragird to Hous-Sultan, 54 ?. ?., 21 ?. ... Country broken by small ridges and hills, many of which road lies over. 11 miles, ruined serai, with muddy pool of water. From this, by excellent road, cross desert to Hous-Sultan. Post-house; serai newly built; attached to latter a few houses. Before reaching Hous-Sultan, about a mile to the right, is an uninhabited fort. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55 Karavanserail Sagzi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.693998 long 52.122229 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sagzi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sagzi « Karavanserail Sagzi (Taf. 27,4; 28, 1.2) (Abb. 12; 235) 127Lage: 23 km östlich von Golunabad und 32 km westlich von Kuhpayeh. Sagzi liegt 43 km östlich von Esfahan, in +1490 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan - Na'in - Khorassan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallungen, runden Türmen und nur leicht vorspringendem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 95,50 x 43,70m Außenmaße, 38,15 x 23,10 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus 7,70 m (Abb. 236). Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, Hof dient als Sportplatz der Schule.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, Ende 16. Jahrhundert.127 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 133ff. - Die Schnitte wurden am 18. 3. 1990 vermessen. [Sagzi Caravanserail (Plates 27.4; 28.1.2) (Figs. 12; 235) 127Location: 23 km east of Golunabad and 32 km west of Kuhpayeh. Sagzi is located 43 km east of Isfahan, at an elevation of 1490 m above sea level, on the Isfahan-Na'in-Khorassan road.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two stables, round towers, and a slightly projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 95.50 x 43.70 m external dimensions, 38.15 x 23.10 m courtyard dimensions, gatehouse height 7.70 m (Fig. 236).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm). Architectural features and condition: Well preserved, courtyard serves as the school's sports field.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, late 16th century.127 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 133ff. - The sections were surveyed on March 18, 1990.19] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 119 Karavanserail Salehabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.155942 long 58.007177 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Salehabad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Salehabad « Karavanserail Salehabad (Taf. 8,4-9,2) (Abb. 5 und 29)23Lage: 44 km östlich von Sabzevar, 9 km östlich des Karavanserails Sarpushideh und 4 km westlich des Kara-vanserails Zafaraniyeh, in + 940 m ü. N. N., an der direkten Karawanenstraße von Sabzevar nach Neyshabur.Typ: Vollständig überdachtes Hallenkaravanserail mit 15 Kuppelgewölben und Eingängen in den Achsen des kuppelüberwölbten Gebäudeteils. Der südöstliche, der südwestliche und der nordöstliche Eingang wurden in einer jüngeren Bauphase vermauert. Der Haupteingang wird von Räumen flankiert, die nach innen und nach außen geöffnet sind. Abmessungen: 30 × 26 m Außenmaße, Gebäudehöhe am Portal 7 m (Abb. 30).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Durch Salpeter-Ausblühungen im Sockel ist die Bausubstanz gefährdet. Der Bau wird als Stall und Scheune genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit erbaut, zusammen mit Sarpushideh als Zwischenkaravanserails zwischen Sabzevar und dem größeren Karavanserail Zafara-niyeh (Abb. 5).23 Salehabad wurde am 9. 10. 1995 vermessen. [Salehabad Caravanserail (Plates 8.4–9.2) (Figs. 5 and 29)23Location: 44 km east of Sabzevar, 9 km east of the Sarpushideh Caravanserail and 4 km west of the Zafaraniyeh Caravanserail, at an elevation of 940 m above sea level, on the direct caravan route from Sabzevar to Neyshabur.Type: Fully roofed hall caravanserail with 15 domed vaults and entrances aligned with the axes of the domed section. The southeastern, southwestern, and northeastern entrances were walled up in a later construction phase. The main entrance is flanked by rooms opening both inwards and outwards.Dimensions: 30 × 26 m external dimensions, building height at the portal 7 m (Fig. 30).Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building's structure is endangered by saltpeter efflorescence in the foundation. The building is used as a stable and barn.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Safavid period, together with Sarpushideh, as an intermediate caravanserail between Sabzevar and the larger caravanserail Zafara-niyeh (Fig. 5).23 Salehabad was surveyed on October 9, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 29 Karavanserail Sangin (Sangi) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.734071 long 51.122086 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: unable to locate VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sangin (Sangi) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sangin (Sangi) « Sangi saraii » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39D Tehran} « Karavanserail Sangin (Sangi) (Taf. 15.3 und 15,4) (Abb. 155 und 175)Lage: 22 km östlich vom Karavanserail Karadj, zwischen Karadj und Teheran, am Wege von Qazvin in die iranische Hauptstadt.Typ: In eine durch runde Ecktürme bewehrte Umfrie-dung aus Bruchsteinmauerwerk ist ein unvollendeter Ziegel-bau eingefügt worden, ohne erkennbare Iwan-Bildung. Es war ein Hofkaravanserail geplant.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die Turmvorsprünge 68x61 m, Hofmaße etwa 36,50 × 31,50 m.Baumaterial: Außenmauern in Bruchstein, Innenbauten in gebrannten Ziegeln aufgeführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage war 1976 bereits eine Ruine, die Eingangsfront war dem Ausbau der Hauptstraße von Karadj nach Teheran zum Opfer gefal-len. Inzwischen ist der Bau weitgehend zerstört und abgerissen. Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Einbau im 19. Jahrhundert. Außenmauern und Türme wahrscheinlich älter. [Sangin (Sangi) Caravanserail (Plates 15.3 and 15.4) (Figs. 155 and 175)Location: 22 km east of the Karaj Caravanserail, between Karaj and Tehran, on the road from Qazvin to the Iranian capital.Type: An unfinished brick building, without a discernible iwan, was inserted into a fortified enclosure of rubble masonry with round corner towers. It was planned as a courtyard caravanserail.Dimensions: External dimensions without the tower projections 68 x 61 m, courtyard dimensions approximately 36.50 x 31.50 m.Building material: Exterior walls of rubble masonry, interior structures of fired brick.Architectural features and condition: The complex was already a ruin in 1976; the entrance facade had been destroyed during the construction of the main road from Karaj to Tehran. The building has since been largely destroyed and demolished.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Constructed in the 19th century. The outer walls and towers are probably older.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 101 Karavanserail Sarcam (Sartcham) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.110581 long 47.922207 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not evident on google location estimated VARIANT names: Falcham caravanserai , Karavanserail Sarcam (Sartcham) , Sartcham caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Falcham caravanserai « Le vingt. quatriéme nous marchâmes depuis minuit juf-qu'à ſept heures du matin parun chemin affez beau toûjours entre deux montagnes. On reſta dans le Caravanſerail nommé Falcham [On the twenty-fourth, we walked from midnight until seven o'clock in the morning along a fairly beautiful path, always between two mountains. We stayed in the caravanserai called Falcham.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 54 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sarcam (Sartcham) « Karavanserail Sarcam (Sartcham) (Abb. 4 und 96) (76)Lage: 59km südöstlich von Miyaneh in +1065 mi N.N., an der Straße Tabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin.fn 76 M. Siroux 37 53 ff. - Der Platz des Karavanserails wurde am 7. 10.1983 besucht. [Sarcam (Sartcham) Caravanserail (Figs. 4 and 96) (76)Location: 59 km southeast of Miyaneh at +1065 m above sea level, on the Tabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin road.fn 76 M. Siroux 37 53 ff. - The caravanserail site was visited on October 7, 1983.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 58 ※ SOURCE for Sartcham caravanserai « et aprés treize heures de marche dans un pays fort ſterile, on trouve un autre Carvanſera qu'on nomme Sartcham dans un lieu entierement ſolitaire: c'eſt ce qui rend infolens les Raders qui ſe tiennent là pour la garde des chemins, et ils ne craignent rien ſe voyant éloignez des villes et des villages. [and after thirteen hours of walking in a very barren country, we find another Carvansera which is called Sartcham in a completely solitary place: this is what makes the Raders who stand there to guard the roads uneasy, and they fear nothing seeing themselves far from the towns and villages.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 65 Karavanserail Sarpol-e Zohab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, possible centre of location area at coordinate: lat 34.464779 long 45.861498 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserai , Karavanserail Sarpol-e Zohab , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « Nous logeâmes dans un beau caravansérail bâti en briques, auquel on travaillait encore. Hamadanli - Mehemet-Hussein-Khân, commandant de la ville d'Ha-madan, le faisait construire à ses frais. [We stayed in a beautiful brick caravanserai, which was still being worked on. Hamadanli - Mehemet-Hussein-Khân, commandant of the city of Hamadan, was having it built at his own expense.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 226 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sarpol-e Zohab « Karavanserail Sarpol-e Zohab (Sar-e Pol-e Zahab) (Abb. 121 und 122) (91)Lage: Am Rande der Ortschaft in der Nähe des Bergu ges mit den Felsabarbeitungen und Felsreliefs westlich des Flusses. Das Karavanserail ist vollständig zerstört. Weitere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden.Nach dem ebenfalls zerstörten Karavanserail in Qasr-t Shirin ist das Karavanserail in Sarpol-e Zohab das zweite Bauwerk seiner Art auf iranischem Territorium im Zuge der Straße (Seidenstraße) Baghdad - Teheran. Die Bedeutung die ser Route zeigen die Reliefs und weitere Ruinen in der Um-gebung von Sarpol-e Zohab. Eine rechteckige Burganlage ("Qal'eh") im Ortsbereich von Sarpol-e Zohab, durch eine Straße durchschnitten (Abb. 122), erbrachte größere Keramikmengen. fn. 91 Die Ruinenplätze in der Gegend von Sarpol-e Zohab wurden im Marz 1973 besucht: AMIN. F. 8, 1975, 123ff. - Hier werden nur die Grund-risse nochmals erwähnt, die typologisch den Karawanenbauten nahestehen. [0000epe near Sanandaj, ceramics6. CARAVAN BUILDINGS IN THE PROVINCE OF KERMANSHAHSarpol-e Zohab (Sar-e Pol-e Zahab) Caravanserai (Figs. 121 and 122) (91)Location: On the outskirts of the village, near the mountain range with its rock carvings and reliefs west of the river. The caravanserai is completely destroyed. No further information can be provided.After the also destroyed caravanserai in Qasr-t Shirin, the caravanserai in Sarpol-e Zohab is the second structure of its kind on Iranian territory along the Baghdad-Tehran road (Silk Road). The importance of this route is demonstrated by the reliefs and other ruins in the area around Sarpol-e Zohab. A rectangular castle complex ("Qal'eh") in the area of ??Sarpol-e Zohab, bisected by a road (Fig. 122), yielded large quantities of pottery. fn. 91 The ruin sites in the area of ??Sarpol-e Zohab were visited in March 1973: Amin. F. 8, 1975, 123ff. - Here, only the ground plans are mentioned again, which are typologically close to caravan buildings.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 74-5 Karavanserail Sedeh (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.331672 long 59.232829 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sedeh (?) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sedeh (?) « Karavanserail Sedeh (Abb. 5) (93)Lage: 54 km nördlich von Birdjand und 57 km südlich von Qa'en.Im Ort ist ein Karavanserail überliefert, aber nicht vermessen. Von Sedeh führt eine Piste über Mansur Abad zur Assassinenburg Tabas-e Masina(94) und weiter über Cah Sagak nach Farah in Afghanistan. fn 93 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 599.600. fn 94 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 46 ff. [ 1,530 Sedeh Caravanserail (Fig. 5) (93)Location: 54 km north of Birdjand and 57 km south of Qa'en.A caravanserail is documented in the town, but it has not been surveyed. A track leads from Sedeh via Mansur Abad to the Assassin stronghold of Tabas-e Masina (94) and on via Chah Sagak to Farah in Afghanistan.fn 93 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 599, 600.fn 94 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 46 ff.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 58 Karavanserail Semnan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.573906 long 53.389857 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Semnan , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Semnan « Karavanserail Semnan (Taf. 29,4 und 30,1) (Abb. 7 und 166)(78) im Stadtgebiet von SemnanLage: Zur Erbauungszeit noch vor der Stadtmauer gele-gen, heute an der Ausfallstraße in Richtung Teheran, in der Nähe weitere Karavanserails jüngeren Datums.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei durchge-henden Stallungen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und abgerun-deten Außenecken (Abb. 167). Der Bau besitzt zwei, einan-der gegenüberliegende Eingänge.Abmessungen: 66 x 58 m Außenmaße, 35 x 28 m Hofab-messungen, 8,90 m Höhe der Kuppel und 9,50 m Höhe des südlichen Torbaus (modern).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau wurde 1977 restauriert.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt. Über dem nördlichen Eingang ist ein eingetieftes Feld für eine Bauinschrift erhalten.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Ein weiterer Plan eines Karavanserails in Semnan wurde von iranischer Seite vorgelegt, von übereinstimmendem Grundrißtyp aber sichtbaren Unterschieden in Details und Erhaltungszustand, so daß angenommen werden kann, daß es sich dabei um den Zustand vor der Restaurierung handelt.fn78 Das Karavanserail wurde am 17. 3. 1977 vermessen. [Semnan Caravanserai (Plates 29.4 and 30.1) (Figs. 7 and 166) (78) in the city of SemnanLocation: At the time of its construction, it was located outside the city walls; today it stands on the main road leading to Tehran, near other, more recent caravanserai.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two adjoining stables, a dome over the entrance, and rounded exterior corners (Fig. 167). The building has two opposing entrances.Dimensions: 66 x 58 m external dimensions, 35 x 28 m courtyard dimensions, 8.90 m dome height, and 9.50 m height of the southern gate (modern).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Architectural features and condition: The building was restored in 1977.Inscriptions: none are known. A recessed area for a building inscription is preserved above the northern entrance.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Another plan of a caravanserail in Semnan was submitted by the Iranian side. While the basic layout is the same, there are visible differences in details and state of preservation, suggesting that it depicts the caravanserail's condition before the restoration.fn 78 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 17, 1977.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 93 Karavanserail Senakhet : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.56397 long 54.405432 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: K. Typ Senachet (Pohanka , Karavanserail Senakhet , Nimar (small K.) , ※ SOURCE for K. Typ Senachet (Pohanka « Die Straße führt von Senachet über eine leicht nach Suden abfallende Ebene rund acht Kilometer bis zu dem kleinen Dorf Nimar, an dessen Westrand zwei weitere Karavanserails stehen. Man erreicht zunächst einen kleinen Bau vom Typ Senachet [The road leads from Senachet over a gently sloping plain to the south for around eight kilometres to the small village of Nimar, on the western edge of which there are two more caravanserai. You first reach a small building of the Senachet type] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ pp. 10-11 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Senakhet « Karavanserail Senakhet (Abb. s; 248) (175)Lage: 5 km südöstlich des in Richtung Lar benachbarten Karavanserails, 5 km nordwestlich von Karavanserail Nimar, in +870 m ü. N.N., am Weg von Lar nach Bastak. Neben dem Karavanserail eine runde Zisterne (nicht vermessen).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei in einer Achse liegen- den Eingangsiwanen und sechs Stallabteilungen, keine be- sonderen Unterkunftsräume (Abb. 249).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 17,80 × 17,10 m, Hofabmes- sungen 10,30 × 9,70 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder qadjarisch (17.-19. Jahr- hundert).fn. 175 Der Bau wurde am 15. 3. 1986 vermessen. - R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 300, [Senakhet Caravanserai (Fig. s; 248) (175)Location: 5 km southeast of the neighboring caravanserai in the direction of Lar, 5 km northwest of Nimar Caravanserai, at +870 m above sea level, on the way from Lar to Bastak. Next to the caravanserai there is a round cistern (not measured).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two entrance iwans on one axis and six stable sections, no special accommodation rooms (Fig. 249).Dimensions: External dimensions 17.80 × 17.10 m, courtyard dimensions 10.30 × 9.70 m, building height 3.50 m.Building material: quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: well preserved.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Safavid or Qajar (17th-19th century).fn. 175 The building was surveyed on March 15, 1986. - R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 300,] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 135 ※ SOURCE for Nimar (small K.) « Die Straße führt von Senakhet über eine leicht nach Süden abfallende Ebene rund acht Kilo- meter bis zu dem kleinen Dorf Nimar, an des- sen Westrand zwei weitere Karavanserails ste- hen. Man erreicht zunächst einen kleinen Bau vom Typ Senakhet, [The road leads from Senakhet over a gently sloping plain to the south for around eight kilometres to the small village of Nimar, on the western edge of which there are two more caravanserai. You first reach a small building of the Senakhet type,] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 302 Karavanserail Shah Abbas, Beriz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.956079 long 54.332033 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravansera near Berry , Karavanserail Shah Abbas, Beriz , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera near Berry « The ninth, having travell'd three Leagues, I came to a Caravansera, where I found horsemeat. After dinner, I got five Leagues farther, to another Caravansera; but meeting there with the Armenian Caravan, and the Carmelite Father, whom I spoke of before, I rode on, and travell'd two Leagues farther to a Village called Berry, and lodg'd not far from it, in one of the best Caravanseras that I met with in all my journey. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shah Abbas, Beriz « Karawanenhaltepunkt Beriz (Abb. 5; 226)157Lage: 17 km südöstlich von Khole (Dehra), 15 km nord- westlich von Dehkuyeh, an der Straße von Djahrom nach Lar. Am Ort sind nördlich einer Burganlage zwei Karavan- serails zu unterscheiden, das Karavanserail Shah Abbas (sa- favidisch) und ein qadjarischer Neubau.Das Karavanserail Shah Abbas:Typ: Hofkaravanserail ohne ausgeprägte Iwanbildung, mit vierseitig umlaufendem Stallgang und halbrunden Flan- kierungstürmen am Portal (Abb. 227).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 53 × 47,50 m, Hofabmessun-gen 33 × 25 m, [Beriz caravan stopping point (Fig. 5; 226)157Location: 17 km southeast of Khole (Dehra), 15 km northwest of Dehkuyeh, on the road from Djahrom to Lar. At the site, two caravan serails can be distinguished north of a castle complex, the Shah Abbas caravan serail (Safavid) and a new Qajar building.The Shah Abbas Caravanserail:Type: Court caravan serail without a pronounced iwan formation, with a four-sided stable corridor and semicircular flanking towers on the portal (Fig. 227).Dimensions: external dimensions 53 × 47.50 m, yard dimensions33 × 25 m,] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 125 Karavanserail Shahi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.40088 long 51.387186 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shahi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shahi « Karavanserail Shahi (Châhi) südwestlich Esfahan (Abb. 12; 296) (155)Lage: Am sogenannten Bakhtiarenweg, 22 km südwest-lich Esfahan/Djulfa (Karawanenroute Esfahan - Khuzestan). Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit parallelogrammartigem, äußerem Grundriß. Mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stall-Abteilungen.Abmessungen: 49 x 43 m Außenmaße, 24,80 x 22,20 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße sind unbekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanserail ist einem Rundplatz in den 60er Jahren weitestgehend zum Opfer gefallen - im Zuge des Ausbaus der Wohnsiedlun-gen des Stahlwerkes Esfahan.Inschriften: keine mehr bekannt.Datierung: Erbaut unter Nasser ed-Din Shah Qadjar, in der 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.fn 155 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 197f. [Shahi (Châhi) Caravanserail southwest of Esfahan (Fig. 12; 296) (155)Location: On the so-called Bakhtiari Way, 22 km southwest of Esfahan/Djulfa (Esfahan-Khuzestan caravan route).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with a parallelogram-shaped external layout. It has four iwans and two stable sections.Dimensions: 49 x 43 m external dimensions, 24.80 x 22.20 m courtyard dimensions. Height is unknown.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserail was largely destroyed in the 1960s as part of a circular plaza development during the expansion of the housing estates for the Esfahan steelworks.Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Built under Nasser ad-Din Shah Qadjar, in the second half of the 19th century.fn 155 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 197f.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 150 Karavanserail Shahserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.078262 long 57.024282 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shahserail , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shahserail « Sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Kerman H-40J 1941} « Karavanserail Shahserail (Taf. 18,4) (Abb. 4; 155) (69)Lage: 4 km nördlich der Station Cah Baghin, 15 km südlich von Kerman (Zentrum), in + 1950 m ü. N. N., an der Karawanenroute von Kerman über Baft - Dowlatabad nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort ist ein Stationsgebäude mit Hof von etwa 25 x 20 m Außenmaßen, nur noch als Erdhügel mit wenigen Lehmziegelmauerresten erkennbar, von dem etwa 500 m nördlich gelegenen Karavanserail zu unterschei-den.Typ: Durch Kuppeln gedecktes Bergland-Karavanserail (verständlich durch häufige, sehr starke Winterwinde in der Ebene südlich von Kerman) mit Iwan-Eingang, vier Abtei-lungen und zwei angebauten Räumen (Abb. 156).Abmessungen: Ursprünglicher Bau 21,60 × 13,90 m Außenmaße, Innenhöhe 3,10 m, Höhe der Fassade 3,80 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine, Ziegel und Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Wände ent-halten halbrunde, mehrschichtige Entlastungsbogen. Der Bau ist partiell verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 69 Das Karavanserail wurde am 11.3.1980 vermessen. [Caravanserail Shahserail (Plate 18.4) (Figs. 4; 155) (69)Location: 4 km north of the Chah Baghin station, 15 km south of Kerman (city center), at an elevation of 1950 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Kerman via Baft and Dowlatabad to Bandar-e Abbas. A station building with a courtyard measuring approximately 25 x 20 m, now only recognizable as an earthen mound with a few remnants of mud-brick walls, can be distinguished from the caravanserail located about 500 m to the north.Type: A domed mountain caravanserail (understandable due to the frequent, very strong winter winds in the plains south of Kerman) with an iwan entrance, four compartments, and two attached rooms (Fig. 156).The site is now only recognizable as an earthen mound with a few mud-brick wall remnants. Dimensions: Original building 21.60 × 13.90 m (exterior dimensions), interior height 3.10 m, facade height 3.80 m.Building materials: Rubble stone, brick, and mud brick.Structural features and condition: The walls contain semicircular, multi-layered relieving arches. The building is partially dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 69 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 11, 1980.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 91 Karavanserail Sheikh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.666278 long 55.720037 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sheikh , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sheikh « Karavanserail Sheikh (Abb. 7; 200) (96)Lage: 20 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Dasht, 21 km nordwestlich von Fin, in + 360 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Sirdjan nach Bandar-e Abbas, im Tal des Rud-e Kul. Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Das Karavanserail, ein Stallgebäude, eine kleine Ruine, eine weitere, rechteckige Ruine und eine runde Zisterne.Typ: Das Karavanserail entspricht dem Pavillon-Typ mit einer Bank an der Nordseite (Abb. 201).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 12,10 × 12,10 m, Gebäu-dehöhe 3,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen und eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.Das tonnengewölbte Stallgebäude hat äußere Ab-messungen von 16 × 3,60 m und eine Höhe von 3,30 m (Abb. 202). Die runde Kuppelzisterne hat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 10,20 m und ragt 4,80 m hoch aus demAbb. 205 Zisterne Abanbar Abadeh Gohreh, Grundriß und Schnitt Boden. Sie wurde durch Oberflächenwasser gespeist (Abb. 203). Im Bereich des Karavanserails Sheikh wurde dunkelgraubraune, mittelgrobe, islamische Keramik (Abb. 203) gefunden.fn 96. Die Bauten beim Karavanserail Sheikh wurden am 3.12.1984 vermessen. [Sheikh Caravanserail (Fig. 7; 200) (96)Location: 20 km southeast of Dasht Caravanserail, 21 km northwest of Fin, at an elevation of 360 m above sea level, on the road from Sirdjan to Bandar-e Abbas, in the Rud-e Kul valley. The following structures can be distinguished at the site: the caravanserail itself, a stable building, a small ruin, another rectangular ruin, and a round cistern.Type: The caravanserail is of the pavilion type with a bench on the north side (Fig. 201).Dimensions: External dimensions 12.10 × 12.10 m, building height 3.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Dilapidated and collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.The barrel-vaulted stable building has external dimensions of 16 × 3.60 m and a height of 3.30 m (Fig. 202). The round domed cistern has an external diameter of 10.20 m and rises 4.80 m above the ground (Fig. 205: Cistern Abanbar Abadeh Gohreh, plan and section). It was fed by surface water (Fig. 203). Dark gray-brown, medium-coarse Islamic pottery (Fig. 203) was found in the area of ??the Sheikh caravanserail.fn 96. The structures at the Sheikh caravanserail were surveyed on December 3, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 115 Karavanserail Shurab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.314927 long 51.31872 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shurab , Shurab caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shurab « Karavanserail Shurab (Atabaki?) (Taf. 15,4) (Abb. 12; 125) (81)Lage: 15 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Pasengan (Provinz Markazi) und 15 km nordwestlich von Karavanse-rail Dehnar, in +1100 m ü.N.N., an der alten Karawanenroute von Qom nach Kashan als erstes Karavanserail auf dem Ge-biet der Provinz Esfahan. Shurab ist gleichzusetzen mit dem Karavanserail Atabaki (82). Außer dem Karavanserail gehörten zu einer Baugruppe ein gegenüberliegendes Caykhaneh, die noch erhaltene Zisterne und zwei Gärten (Abb. 125).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei ausgeprägten und zwei nur in der Höhenentwicklung der Fassaden erkennbawei Iwanen, vier Stallabschnitten, zwei Rundtürmen an der Ein-gangsfassade und rückwärtigen Anbauten.Abmessungen: 67 x 50 m Außenmaße, 30 x 28 m Hofab-messungen. Höhenvermessungen liegen nicht vor (Abb. 126).Baumaterial: Lehmbau mit Fassade aus gebrannten Ziegeln.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Karavanserail und Caykhaneh wurden 1981 vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, wohl Anfang 19. Jahrhundert.Im Bereich der Ruine des Karavanserails wurde ein Bruchstück eines Mörsers aus hellgraugelbem Kalkstein ge-funden (Abb. 127).fn 81 Shurab wurde am 10. 3. 1982 besucht. fn 82 Siroux, Caravansérails..., 86.107. - Nach den örtlichen Gegebenheiten wird Shurab von Siroux mit Atabaki verwechselt. Das Karavanserail Shurab wurde 1981 durch Bulldozer zerstört, ebenfalls das gegen-überliegende Caykhaneh. [Shurab Caravanserai (Atabaki?) (Plate 15.4) (Figs. 12; 125) (81)Location: 15 km southeast of Pasengan Caravanserai (Markazi Province) and 15 km northwest of Dehnar Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1100 m above sea level, on the old caravan route from Qom to Kashan, the first caravanserai in the territory of Isfahan Province. Shurab is synonymous with Atabaki Caravanserai (82). In addition to the caravanserai itself, the complex included a Caykhaneh (a type of fortified house) opposite it, the still-extant cistern, and two gardens (Fig. 125).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two distinct iwans and two others recognizable only by the height of the facades, four stable sections, two round towers at the entrance facade, and rear extensions.Dimensions: 67 x 50 m external dimensions, 30 x 28 m courtyard dimensions. No elevation measurements are available (Fig. 126).Building material: Mud construction with a facade of fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai and Caykhaneh were completely destroyed in 1981.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, probably early 19th century.A fragment of a mortar made of light grayish-yellow limestone was found in the area of ??the caravanserai ruins (Fig. 127).fn 81 Shurab was visited on March 10, 1982.fn 82 Siroux, Caravansérails..., 86.107. - Due to local circumstances, Shurab is often confused with Atabaki by Siroux. The Shurab caravanserail was destroyed by bulldozers in 1981, as was the opposite Caykhaneh.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for Shurab caravansaray « About mid-day we halted before the caravansaray of Shúráb for lunch : here there is some verdure, and a little stream, but the water of this is, as the name of the place implies, brackish. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 172 Karavanserail Shurdjestan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none used kilometre position coordinate: lat 31.380826 long 52.426664 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shurdjestan , new-built Carawansera , Sagrestone caravensaroy , Shulghistan caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shurdjestan « Lage: 32 km südöstlich von Izadkhast und 36 km nord-westlich von Abadeh, in + 2180 m ú. N. N., an der Haupt-straße von Esfahan nach Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 x 64 m, Hofabmessun-gen 38 x 37,50 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden maximal 6,30 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,80 m (Abb. 94). [Location: 32 km southeast of Izadkhast and 36 km northwest of Abadeh, at an elevation of 2180 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 65 x 64 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 37.50 m, maximum height of the courtyard facades 6.30 m, height of the gatehouse 9.80 m (Fig. 94).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 55 ※ SOURCE for new-built Carawansera « This day we travailed 6 Dutch Miles and at night came to a fair new-built Carawansera. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329 ※ SOURCE for Sagrestone caravensaroy « 9 [February]. About 7 in the morning sett out for Sagrestone, 6 farsangs; good way; a fine large plain, hills on each side full of snow, extreme cold; the Cafala goeing this way. being something hotter than the way by Cuscazar, being told at Yezdacess that three men died goeing Cuscazar way by the extreamity of cold. Arrived at our Stage about 2 after-noon: a good Caravensaroy etc. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Shulghistan caravansaray « About 2.30 P.M. we arrived at Shulghistán, a small picturesque village , rendered conspicuous by a green-domed Imámzádé, close to which is situated the dilapidated caravansaray. Since the latter appeared incapable of furnishing comfortable quarters, we betook ourselves to the chápár-kháné (post- house) opposite, where I was provided with a very comfortable room . The postmaster (ná'ib -chápár) was extremely courteous and attentive, and sat conversing with me for some time. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 228 Karavanserail Soltanabad/Eqbal : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.229504 long 49.919467 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: Structural features and condition: The building was demolished in 1975. location not known VARIANT names: Karavanserail Soltanabad/Eqbal , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Soltanabad/Eqbal « Lage: 10km südwestlich von Qazvin am Wege nach Ha-madan. Außerhalb eines befestigten Dorfes und nahe einem Tepe, der vorislamische und islamische Keramik erbrachte. Im einzelnen handelt es sich um folgende Beispiele (Abb. 112, links von oben): Um eine innen grün und gelb glasierte Scha Je, eine weitere innen grauweiß glasierte Schale, um zwei rot geschlämmte Krüge, um einen graubraunen Henkelkrug und um ein graues Steingefäß. ... Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingang, ohne Iwan-ausbildung und dreiseitig umlaufendem Stall.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 61 x 43m, Hofmaße 34.50 25,70 m, Portalhöhe 5.70m (Abb. 113). ... Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau wurde 1975 abgerisse [Location: 10 km southwest of Qazvin on the road to Hamadan. Outside a fortified village and near a tepe (spirit temple) that yielded pre-Islamic and Islamic pottery. Specifically, the following examples were found (Fig. 112, top left): a shah yeh glazed green and yellow inside, another bowl glazed grayish-white inside, two red-washed jugs, a grayish-brown handled jug, and a gray stoneware vessel. ... Type: Courtyard caravanserai with one entrance, without an iwan, and a stable surrounding three sides.Dimensions: External dimensions 61 x 43 m, courtyard dimensions 34.50 x 25.70 m, portal height 5.70 m (Fig. 113). ... Structural features and condition: The building was demolished in 1975.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 71 Karavanserail südlich Lar/Khur : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.583313 long 54.362424 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: 2 cisterns located nearby. 6.5 m diameter cistern 144 m heading 67° and 10.5 m diameter cistern at 204 m heading 57° VARIANT names: Karavanserail südlich Lar/Khur , Pohanka erste K. , Sarai Seh Nakhud , Senakhet K. , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail südlich Lar/Khur « Karavanserail südlich Lar/Kour (Abb. 5,240) Lage: 10 km südlich Lar/Khur (14 km südlich des Zen- trums von Lar), 5 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Senak- het, in + 850 m ü. N.N., am Karawanenweg von Lar nach Bastak und Bandar-e Langeh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei in einer Achse liegenden Eingangsiwanen und sechs Stallabteilungen, keine besonderen Unterkunftsräume. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 18 x 17,60 m, Hofabmes- sungen 10,50 x 9 m, Gebäudehöhe maximal 3,20 m. [Karavanserail south of Lar/Kour (Fig. 5,240) Location: 10 km south of Lar/Khur (14 km south of the center of Lar), 5 km northwest of the Senakhet caravanserail, at + 850 m above sea level. N.N., on the caravan route from Lar to Bastak and Bandar-e Langeh. Type: Court caravanserail with two entrance iwans lying on one axis and six stable compartments, no special accommodation rooms. Dimensions: external dimensions 18 x 17.60 m, yard dimensions 10.50 x 9 m, building height maximum 3.20 m. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 134-5 ※ SOURCE for Pohanka erste K. « nach dessen Überquerung man die kleine, heute abgekonmeno Siedlung Senachet erreicht, auf deren Resten dan erste Karavanserail an dieser Strecke steht (Abb. 13, Taf. 6/1). Es kann als Grundtyp für alle Karavanserails der qajarischen Zeit auf dieser Strecke gelten, alle anderen Bauten mit Ausnahme des Karavanserails von Bastak unterscheiden sich nur in den Maßen, nicht aber in der Raumeinteilung und Bauart von Senachet.Der quadratische Bau mißt 14 x 14 m und ist als kleines Hofkaravanserail zu bezeichnen. Es weist zwei sich gegenüberliegende Eingänge auf, zu deren Seiten sich zwei rechteckige Räume anschließen welche wie die an den Längsseiten befindlichen Kammern mit Tonnengewölben überdeckt sind. Die Eingänge weisen flache Muppeln auf mit denen der aus Bruchsteinen errichtete Bau deñoch nur eine größte Höhe von 3.5 m erreicht. [After crossing it, you reach the small, now deserted settlement of Senachet, on whose remains the first caravanserai on this route stands (Fig. 13, Plate 6/1). It can be considered the basic type for all caravanserai of the Qajar period on this route, all other buildings with the exception of the caravanserai of Bastak differ from Senachet only in their dimensions, but not in the room layout and construction. The square building measures 14 x 14 m and can be described as a small courtyard caravanserai. It has two opposite entrances, on the sides of which there are two rectangular rooms which, like the chambers on the long sides, are covered with barrel vaults. The entrances have flat mullions with which the building, built from rubble stone, only reaches a maximum height of 3.5 m.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ p. 10 ※ SOURCE for Sarai Seh Nakhud « Sarai Seh Nakhud (Sain Khud) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} ※ SOURCE for Senakhet K. « nach dessen Überquerung man die kleine, heute abgekommene Siedlung Senakhet er- reicht, auf deren Resten das erste Karavan- serail an dieser Strecke steht (Abb. 12; Taf. 34,2). Es kann als Grundtyp für alle Karavan- serails der qadjarischen Zeit auf dieser Strecke gelten, alle anderen Bauten mit Ausnahme des Karavanserails von Bastak unterscheiden sich nur in den Maßen, nicht aber in der Raumein- teilung und Bauart von Senakhet. Der quadratische Bau mißt 14 x 14 m und ist als kleines Hofkaravanserail zu bezeichnen. Es weist zwei sich gegenüberliegende Eingänge auf, zu deren Seiten sich zwei rechteckige Räume anschließen, welche wie die an den Längsseiten befindlichen Kammern mit Ton- nengewölben überdeckt sind. Die Eingänge weisen flache Kuppeln auf, mit denen der aus Bruchsteinen errichtete Bau dennoch nur eine größte Höhe von 3,5 m erreicht. [After crossing it, you reach the small, now abandoned settlement of Senakhet, on whose remains the first caravanserail on this route stands (Fig. 12; Plate 34,2). It can be considered the basic type for all caravanserails of the Qajar period on this route; all other buildings with the exception of the caravanserail of Bastak differ from Senakhet only in their dimensions, but not in the room layout and construction style. The square building measures 14 x 14 m and can be described as a small courtyard caravanserail. It has two entrances facing each other, on the sides of which there are two rectangular rooms, which, like the chambers on the long sides, are covered with barrel vaults. The entrances have flat domes, with which the building, built from rubble stone, only reaches a maximum height of 3.5 m.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ pp. 300-2 Karavanserail südwestlich Khosrowshahr : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.885572 long 45.937765 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail südwestlich Khosrowshahr , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail südwestlich Khosrowshahr « Karavanserail südwestlich Khosrowshahr (Abb. 4 und 53) (46)Lage: Die Ruine liegt 14km südwestlich von Khos-rowshahr in + 1260 m ü. N. N. an der Hauptkarawanenroute von Tabriz über Miandoab oder an dem Ort vorbei über Lei-lan und Bidjar nach Hamadan.Typ: Einfaches Hofkaravanserail mit Raumreihen ent-lang den vier Außenmauern.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 54 × 47,50 m, Hofmaße 41 x 34,30 m. Die Mauerstärke beträgt 1 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und gebrannte Ziegel (19/19/4cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist größtenteils bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts errichtet.In der Umgebung des Karavanserails ist ein Stück einer alten Pflasterstraße erhalten (Abb. 54), bei der die Pflaster-steine in zwei aneinandergrenzenden Bahnen mit leichtem Gefälle nach beiden Außenseiten hin verlegt sind. Der Weg ist 3,60 m breit (Abb. 54).fn 46 Die Ruine wurde am 9. 11. 1985 vermessen. [Caravanserai southwest of Khosrowshahr (Figs. 4 and 53) (46)Location: The ruins are located 14 km southwest of Khosrowshahr at an elevation of 1260 m above sea level, on the main caravan route from Tabriz via Miandoab or bypassing the town via Leilan and Bidjar to Hamadan.Type: Simple courtyard caravanserai with rows of rooms along the four outer walls.Dimensions: External dimensions 54 × 47.50 m, courtyard dimensions 41 × 34.30 m. The walls are 1 m thick.Building material: Mud bricks and fired bricks (19/19/4 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is largely destroyed down to its foundations.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Probably built at the end of the 19th century.In the vicinity of the caravanserail, a section of an old cobblestone road has been preserved (Fig. 54), where the cobblestones are laid in two adjacent lanes with a slight slope to both sides. The road is 3.60 m wide (Fig. 54).fn 46 The ruin was surveyed on November 9, 1985.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 38 Karavanserail Taqi Khaneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.292549 long 55.350688 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Jenni جنّى caravansary , Karavanserail Taqi Khaneh , Karvansara-ye Jeni , Takht-i-Khan caravansarai , ※ SOURCE for Jenni جنّى caravansary « 3. Jenni جنّى caravansary (fig. 3): One of the oldest and most beautiful caravansaries on this route is located between Kourestān and the Tang-e Dālān. This structure is built completely of stone. It is rectangular and in the middle there is a beautiful dome. Its building inscription indicates that it was built in 886 AH/1481 AD, evidently at the time of the Larestān Emirate. » #3350 Mohammad-Bāgher Vosoughi, Welfare and Security Establishments on the Hormūz Strait: Lārestān Caravan Routes between the Fourteenth and Sixteenth Centuries CE, in: ed. Roderich Ptak and Ralph Kauz, Asian Sea Straits Functions and History (c. 500 to 1700), Orientierungen: Zeitschrift zur Kultur Asiens, , 2015, pp. 86-109 ~ p. 98 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Taqi Khaneh « Karavanserail Taqi Khaneh (Taf. 27,3) (Abb. 7; 224) (110)Lage: 7 km südwestlich von Keshehdari (Kishideri/ Keshidan), 5 km östlich von Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid, in +210 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar. Am Ort stehen das Karavanserail und zwei runde Zi- Sternen.Typ: Erweitertes Pavillon-Karavanserail, innen kreuz- förmig mit erweitertem Umgang um die Zentralkuppel, in den Gebäudeecken vier Dreiergruppen von Räumen mit iwanartig ausgebildeten Vorhallen auf allen vier Seiten. Der Bau steht auf einer an der Südecke erweiterten Plattform.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 19,50 × 19,50 m, Gebäu dehöhe 6 m.Baumaterial: Haustein und Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise ver fallen.Inschriften: Eine Inschrift über dem Südwestportal da tiert den Bau in das Jahr 866/1461-62 (111).fn. 110 Taqi Khaneh wurde am 2. 3. 1984 vermessen. fn. 111 H. Gaube, Iran 17, 1979, 41. [Karavanserail Taqi Khaneh (Plate 27.3) (Fig. 7; 224) (110) Location: 7 km southwest of Keshehdari (Kishideri/ Keshidan), 5 km east of Karavanserail Berkeh Sefid, at +210 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. The caravanserail and two round room-stars are located on site. Type: Extended pavilion-caravanserail, cross-shaped on the inside with an extended ambulatory around the central dome, in the corners of the building there are four groups of three rooms with iwan-like vestibules on all four sides. The building stands on a platform extended at the southern corner.Dimensions: External dimensions 19.50 × 19.50 m, building height 6 m.Building material: House stone and quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Partially dilapidated.Inscriptions: An inscription above The southwest portal dates the building to the year 866/1461-62 (111). fn. 110 Taqi Khaneh was surveyed on March 2, 1984. fn. 111 H. Gaube, Iran 17, 1979, 41.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ pp. 124-5 ※ SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Jeni the location of « Karvansara-ye Jeni » provided by GNS (27.293109, 55.352018, Karvansara-ye Jeni, RHSE) sits on the side of the road and is about 148m at bearing of 248° from the caravanserai. ※ SOURCE for Takht-i-Khan caravansarai « until at Takht Khan it is not visible amongst the maze of sand hills. To the S. the Koh-i-Rasül slopes more gently down to the road, but likewise diminishes in size as Takht-i-Khan is approached. At 4 miles the road crosses, and regrosses a dry watercourse of considerable size. At 4¼ miles the caravansarai and two cisterns of Takht-i-Khân (one holding water in March 1907). » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 165 Karavanserail Toroq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.195538 long 59.621484 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: the actual dimensions are approximately 55x51m which does not correlate with Kleiss 43,20 × 40,30 m. However the additional courtyard and round cistern and orientation leave no doubt as to this being the Karavanserail Toroq that Kleiss refers to. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Toroq , Tooruk caravanserai (?) , Turuq caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Toroq « Karavanserail Toroq (Taf. 17,1 und 17,2) (Abb. 5 und 44) (37)Lage: 20 km südöstlich des Zentrums von Mashhad, in +990 m ü. N.N., an der Ausfallstraße von Mashhad nach Herat, Torbat-e Heydariyeh und Neyshabur.Typ:Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen und einer dreiseitig umlaufenden Stallung. Das Karavanserail hat in einer jüngeren Bauphase einen durch Nischen gegliederten Vorhof erhalten, der auch die runde Zisterne mit einbezieht.Abmessungen: Das Karavanserail hat 43,20 × 40,30 m Außenmaße und 20 × 17,20 m Hofabmessungen. Die Stall-gänge sind 3,30 m breit. Der Vorhof hat eine Weite von 22,80 x 20 m und ist außermittig an die Eingangsfassade des Karavanserails angebaut. Der Durchmesser der Zisterne beträgt etwa 4,60 m. Die Höhe des Eingangsbaus beträgt etwa 8 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm) und Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise stark verfallen und eingestürzt, wird von der Denkmalbehörde unter Verschluß gehalten, ein Betreten ist nicht generell möglich.fn 37 Kleiss/Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais Vol. I, 1362/1983, 56. Toroq wurde am 18. 10. 1994 besucht. [Caravanserail Toroq (Plates 17.1 and 17.2) (Figs. 5 and 44) ??(37)Location: 20 km southeast of the center of Mashhad, at an elevation of 990 m above sea level, on the main road from Mashhad to Herat, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, and Neyshabur.Type:Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans and a stable encircling three sides. In a later construction phase, the caravanserail was given a courtyard divided by niches, which also incorporates the round cistern.Dimensions: The caravanserail has external dimensions of 43.20 × 40.30 m and courtyard dimensions of 20 × 17.20 m. The stable passageways are 3.30 m wide. The courtyard measures 22.80 x 20 m and is built off-center onto the entrance facade of the caravanserail. The cistern has a diameter of approximately 4.60 m. The entrance structure is approximately 8 m high.Building materials: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm) and mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Partially dilapidated and collapsed, it is kept under lock and key by the heritage authorities; access is generally not permitted.fn 37 Kleiss/Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais Vol. I, 1362/1983, 56. Toroq was visited on October 18, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Tooruk caravanserai (?) « At distance of three quarters of an hour is the walled village of Askeria; it contains a few inhabited houses and a well of water outside: at 2 miles dis-tant from this are the ruins of a caravanserai and mosque; stream of good water. One mile to the left of road is the village of Tooruk: cultivation extending some distance into the plain. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 45 ※ SOURCE for Turuq caravanserai « The Turuq village lies at some distance from the caravanserai to the east. The camping-ground is by the caravanserai on the roadside.The caravanserai is composed of two enclosures, called summer and winter enclosures; the latter, built by Shah Sulaiman Safavi in 1669 A.D., is 48 zar's square, and has rooms all round the sides with stables at each corner. The outer enclosure, built in 1861, has only open arches with recesses for sleeping in in the hot weather. » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 722 Karavanserail Vinar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.117314 long 46.399586 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Vinar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Vinar « Karavanserail Vinar (Abb. 4 und 50) (43)Lage: Neben einer älteren Brücke", etwa 27km (Stra Benkilometer) nordöstlich von Tabriz am Weg von Ahar nach Tabriz (Taf. 3.4). Ein alter Weg führte am Talkheh Rud ent. lang direkt nach Tabriz, während ein neuerer Weg von der Brückenstelle aus einen Umweg durch das Tal von Arpadara. seh nach Tabriz nimmt, der aber ungefährdeter durch Hoch-wasser des Flusses ist.Typ: Ein einfaches Hofkaravanserail mit tonnengewölbten Stallungen auf drei Seiten des Hofes und zwei Wohnräu-men beiderseits des oktogonalen Eingangs.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 34,70 x 27,50 m, Hofmaße 22 x 15 m. Breite der Stallungen jeweils 3,40 m, Mauerstärke 1,40 m. Höhe der Stallungen je 2,90 m und des Eingangsrau-mes 4,10 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtel aufgeführt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail wurde 1976/77 zu ¼ seines Bestandes abgerissen zur Baumaterialgewinnung.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich spätsafavidisch bis frühqa-djarisch, 17.-18. Jahrhundert. fn 43 AMIN. F. 2, 1969, 55f. Die Schnitte wurden am 18. 10. 1978 vermessen. [Vinar Caravanserai (Figs. 4 and 50) (43)Location: Next to an older bridge, about 27 km (8 miles) northeast of Tabriz on the road from Ahar to Tabriz (Plate 3.4). An old road led directly to Tabriz along the Rud River, while a newer road from the bridge site takes a detour through the Arpadara Valley to Tabriz, but is less vulnerable to flooding from the river.Type: A simple courtyard caravanserai with barrel-vaulted stables on three sides of the courtyard and two living quarters on either side of the octagonal entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions 34.70 x 27.50 m, courtyard dimensions 22 x 15 m. Stable width 3.40 m each, wall thickness 1.40 m. Stable height 2.90 m each and of the entrance hall. 4.10 m.Building material: Rubble masonry set in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai was partially demolished in 1976/77 to salvage building materials.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably late Safavid to early Qa-Jairian, 17th-18th century.fn 43 AMIN. F. 2, 1969, 55f. The cross-sections were surveyed on October 18, 1978.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 34 Karavanserail Zavareh (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.449993 long 52.491962 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: exact location ot yet found VARIANT names: Karavanserail Zavareh (?) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Zavareh (?) « Karavanserail Zavareh (Zawareh) (Abb. 12; 218) (118)Lage: Im Bereich des Bazars von Zavareh, an einer Ka-rawanenroute von Kashan über Zavareh nach Anarak und weiter nach Tabas und Khorassan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, Rundtürmen an den Ecken der Eingangsfront und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 45,45 x 42,40 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 22 x 22 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße sind nicht bekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.fn 18 Siroux, Caravansérails... 69 ff. [Zavareh Caravanserail (Fig. 12; 218) (118)Location: In the area of ??the Zavareh bazaar, on a caravan route from Kashan via Zavareh to Anarak and on to Tabas and Khorasan.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable sections, round towers at the corners of the entrance facade, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 45.45 x 42.40 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 22 x 22 m courtyard dimensions. Height is unknown.Building material: Fired bricks.fn 18 Siroux, Caravansérails... 69 ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 111 Karavanserail Zeynal Abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Arab Abad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Zeynal Abad , ※ SOURCE for Arab Abad Caravanserai EAMENA-0207504 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Zeynal Abad « Lage: 35 km südöstlich von Mahan, 75 km südöstlich von Kerman, 30 km nordwestlich von Ney Bid, in + 2340 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Kerman nach Bam-Zahedan-Pakistan/Indien.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Arka-denumgang um den Hof. Keine großen Stallungen. Gegen-über dem Eingang eine zerstörte Rundzisterne.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 29,50 × 29,50 m, Hofab-messungen 10,90 × 10,90 m, Höhe der Hof- und der Außenfassaden 4,10 m. [Location: 35 km southeast of Mahan, 75 km southeast of Kerman, 30 km northwest of Ney Bid, at an elevation of 2340 m above sea level, on the road from Kerman to Bam-Zahedan, Pakistan/India.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and an arcaded walkway around the courtyard. No large stables. Opposite the entrance is a ruined round cistern.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 29.50 × 29.50 m, courtyard dimensions 10.90 × 10.90 m, height of the courtyard and exterior facades 4.10 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 103 Karavanserails Neyestanak [2km] : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.986839 long 52.786332 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserails Neyestanak [2km] , Qal'eh Malik Ahmad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails Neyestanak [2km] « 2 km nördlich des Karavanserails Neyestanak liegen die Ruinen eines weiteren Gebäudes mit Rundtürmen und zwei Wohneinheiten mit jeweils Zentralkuppel. Das Gebäude (31,50 x 30 m Außenabmessungen ohne Vorsprünge) ist in Lehmziegeln errichtet und könnte eine qadjarische Straßen-station (mit Besatzung) gewesen sein (Abb. 231). [2 km north of the Neyestanak caravanserail lie the ruins of another building with round towers and two residential units, each with a central dome. The building (31.50 x 30 m external dimensions without projections) is constructed of mud bricks and may have been a Qajar road station (with garrison) (Fig. 231).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 116 ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Malik Ahmad « Qal'eh Malik Ahmad » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39W Kuhpayeh 1942} Karavanserails Sangar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 29.995607 long 52.145598 † basis (unknown) Supplement: location of the ruins surveyed by Kleiss on December 8, 1988 not identified VARIANT names: Karavanserails Sangar , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails Sangar « Karavanserails Sangar (Abb. 80) (62)Lage: 23 km östlich von Pole Djudjehak und 41 km nordwestlich von Dokuhak (Do Kuhak), in 1970 m ú. N. N., am Karawanenweg von Shiraz nach Khuzestan und am Weg von Shiraz nach Ardakan und Yasudj.Typ: Beide Bauten sind Hofanlagen. Es sind ein kleine rer Bau, offenbar ein Karavanserail, und ein größerer Bau mie vielleicht der gleichen Funktion voneinander zu unterschei den.Abmessungen: Großer Bau: Außenmaße 67 x 17 m. Hofabmessungen 42 x 42 m. Kleiner Bau: Außenmaße 19 35 m, Hofabmessungen 25 x 21 m.Die Schuttwälle der zerstörten Bauten sind a-3 m hoch. fn. 62 Die Ruinen von Sangar wurden am 8. 12. 1988 aufgenommen. [Sangar Caravanserai (Fig. 80) (62)Location: 23 km east of Pole Djudjehak and 41 km northwest of Dokuhak (Do Kuhak), at 1970 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz to Khuzestan and on the route from Shiraz to Ardakan and Yasudj.Type: Both structures are courtyard complexes. They are distinguishable from one another by a smaller structure, apparently a caravanserai, and a larger structure, perhaps serving the same function.Dimensions: Large structure: external dimensions 67 x 17 m. Courtyard dimensions 42 x 42 m. Small structure: external dimensions 19 x 35 m, courtyard dimensions 25 x 21 m.The rubble mounds of the destroyed structures are 3 m high. fn. 62 The ruins of Sangar were photographed on 8 December 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 51 Karawanenhaltepunkt Tang-e Dalan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.344077 long 55.094318 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: For a list of place names see source « Tang Dalan » VARIANT names: Karawanenhaltepunkt Tang-e Dalan , KM063 (Gaube) , Tang-e Dalan caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenhaltepunkt Tang-e Dalan « Karawanenhaltepunkt Tang-e Dalan (Abb. 7; 230) (115)Lage: 16 km nordwestlich von Djeyhun, 11 km süd-östlich der Station Sartang (Sar Tang) und etwa 25 km süd-östlich des Karavanserails Hadji Agha Djamal, der Grenz-station auf dem Gebiet der Provinz Fars, in + 280 m ü. N.N., an der alten Karawanenstrecke durch die Schlucht (Tang-e Dalan). Die moderne Straße nimmt unter Umgehung der Schlucht einen abweichenden Verlauf.Am Ort (Ostausgang der Tang-e Dalan) sind vorhan-den: Zwei safavidische Karavanserail-Ruinen, ein qadjari-sches Karavanserail, zwei Zisternen und ein Aquädukt mit unter dem Flußbett verlaufender Rohrverbindung (Abb. 230).Die safavidischen Karavanserails:Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail einfacher Ausgestaltung, innen kreuzförmig mit vier Eckräumen und Vierungskup-pel. Ein Anbau an der Westecke (Abb. 231).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die Anbauten 10,80 × 10,80 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Leicht verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Das zweite Karavanserail (Abb. 232) ist nur noch in geringen Resten im Grundriß erkennbar. Es handelt sich um einen langrechteckigen Bau, innen kreuzförmig mit Vierung und vier Eckräumen. Die Außenmaße betragen 17,50 × 10,80 m. Der Bau dürfte in safavidischer Zeit errich-tet sein.Das qadjarische Karavanserail:Typ: Hallenbau mit neun Kuppeln und iwanartig her-vorgehobenen Eingängen im Westen und im Osten. Unter der Mittelkuppel ein vielleicht nachträglich eingebautes Wasserbecken. An der Südseite jüngere Anbauten einer Gendarmeriestation (Abb. 233).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorbauten und ohne jüngere Anbauten 16 × 15,30 m, Innenhöhe 4,60 m, Höhe der Portalbauten 5,70 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Ziegel, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Leicht verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt; eine Inschriftennische be-findet sich über dem Eingang einer Seite. [Caravan stop Tang-e Dalan (Fig. 7; 230) (115)Location: 16 km northwest of Djeyhun, 11 km southeast of Sartang station (Sar Tang) and about 25 km southeast of the Hadji Agha Djamal caravanserai, the border station in Fars province, at an elevation of 280 m above sea level, on the old caravan route through the gorge (Tang-e Dalan). The modern road takes a different route, bypassing the gorge.At the site (eastern exit of Tang-e Dalan) are: two Safavid caravanserai ruins, one Qadjar caravanserai, two cisterns, and an aqueduct with a pipe running under the riverbed (Fig. 230).The Safavid Caravanserails:Type: Pavilion caravanserail of simple design, cruciform interior with four corner rooms and a crossing dome. An extension is located at the west corner (Fig. 231).Dimensions: External dimensions without the extensions 10.80 × 10.80 m, building height 4.20 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Slightly dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The second caravanserail (Fig. 232) is only recognizable in its ground plan by scant remains. It is a long rectangular building, cruciform interior with a crossing and four corner rooms. The external dimensions are 17.50 × 10.80 m. The building is likely to have been erected during the Safavid period.The Qajar Caravanserail:Type: Hall-like structure with nine domes and iwan-like projecting entrances on the west and east sides. A water basin, possibly added later, is located beneath the central dome. On the south side are more recent additions belonging to a gendarmerie station (Fig. 233).Dimensions: External dimensions without portal extensions and later additions: 16 × 15.30 m, internal height: 4.60 m, height of the portal structures: 5.70 m.Building material: Rubble stone and brick, plastered.Structural features and condition: Slightly dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known; an inscription niche is located above the entrance on one side.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 127 ※ SOURCE for KM063 (Gaube) « KM 063: Am Westrand des großen Geröllfeldes, an dem die vorangegangene Station errichtet wurde, steigt der Weg an und erreicht nach weiteren 14 Kilometern die Station Tang-e Delån mit einem heute zu einem Wohnhaus umgebauten Gebäude des Typs der Station KM 014, sowie einer großen, bedeckten Station (Fig. 7), die his vor wenigen Jahren als Gendarmerieposten genutzt wurde. [KM 063: On the western edge of the large scree field on which the previous station was built, the path climbs and after another 14 kilometers reaches the Tang-e Delån station with a building of the type of the station KM 014, which has now been converted into a residential building, as well as a large, covered station (Fig. 7), which was used as a gendarmerie post a few years ago. This place attracted the attention of all travelers who took our route, for here, after leaving the plain of Bandar-e "Abbās, one encountered, for the first time, running water, albeit bad in taste. ] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 42 [distance 63 kms more like 61 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Tang-e Dalan caravanserai « The next day, the 23rd, the caravan stopped at a caravanserai called Tang-e Dālān. The valley through which we were traveling narrowed there, the mountains being closer together. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 298 Karawanensta Karawanenstation (Caparkhaneh) nordlich von Abadeh : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.25956 long 52.571324 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanensta Karawanenstation (Caparkhaneh) nordlich von Abadeh , ※ SOURCE for Karawanensta Karawanenstation (Caparkhaneh) nordlich von Abadeh Lage: In der Umgebung von Abadeh stehen zwei fe-stungsartige Lehmbauten, die dem Schutz der Karawanen-wege dienen". Nördlich von diesen Anlagen und etwa 10 km nördlich von Abadeh stehen die Ruinen einer Station (Ca-parkhaneh), in + 1940 m ü. N. N., am Karawanenweg (östlich der modernen Hauptstraße) und 40 km nordwestlich von Surmaq (Ort).Typ: Rechteckiger Komplex mit mittlerem Erschlie-Bungsweg und unbebauter, rückwärtiger, ummauerter Fläche. Das Portal ist vorgezogen, vier Rundtürme stehen an den Ecken.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 47 × 35 m, die Höhe ist auf 7,30 m rekonstruierbar (Abb. 97). [Location: In the vicinity of Abadeh stand two fortress-like mud-brick structures, built to protect the caravan routes. North of these structures and about 10 km north of Abadeh are the ruins of a station (Caparkhaneh), at an elevation of 1940 m above sea level, on the caravan route (east of the modern main road) and 40 km northwest of Surmaq (town).Type: Rectangular complex with a central access road and an undeveloped, walled area at the rear. The portal projects forward, and four round towers stand at the corners.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 47 × 35 m, the height can be reconstructed to 7.30 m (Fig. 97).] Karawanenstation 17 km südlich Kashan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.875049 long 51.552263 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation 17 km südlich Kashan , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation 17 km südlich Kashan « Karawanenstation 17 km südlich Kashan (Abb. 12; 165) (97)Lage: 17 km südlich von Kashan, an der alten Karawa-nenroute von Kashan über Zizeh nach Natanz, in +1090 m ü.N.N.Typ: Rechteckig ummauerte Anlage mit runden Ecktür-men, Innenbebauung auf drei Seiten, Wohnräume im Nord-trakt von Stallungen im Westen und Osten flankiert.Abmessungen: 56,50 x 35 m Außenmaße, ohne Turmvor-sprünge. Die Höhe der Bebauung im Inneren beträgt 5.50 m (Abb. 166).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.Im Bereich der Station wurden Reste innen türkisfarben glasierter, großer und mittlerer Schüsseln und eine rädchen-verzierte, hellgraubraune Wandungsscherbe (Abb.167) ge-funden.fn 97 Die Anlage wurde am 21. 11. 1983 vermessen. [Caravan station 17 km south of Kashan (Figs. 12; 165) (97)Location: 17 km south of Kashan, on the old caravan route from Kashan via Tsiza to Natanz, at an elevation of 1090 m above sea level.Type: Rectangular walled structure with round corner towers, interior buildings on three sides, living quarters in the north wing flanked by stables to the west and east.Dimensions: 56.50 x 35 m external dimensions, excluding tower projections. The interior building height is 5.50 m (Fig. 166).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.In the area of the station, remains of large and medium-sized bowls with turquoise glaze and a light grayish-brown wall fragment decorated with wheel-shaped inlays (Fig. 167) were found.fn 97 The site was surveyed on November 21, 1983.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 89 Karawanenstation Ab-e Germ (Ab Germ) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, possible centre of location area at coordinate: lat 28.309621 long 53.05042 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Ab-e Germ (Ab Germ) , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Ab-e Germ (Ab Germ) « Karawanenstation Ab-e Germ (Ab Germ) (Abb. 5; 231) (162)Lage: 25 km südlich von Qir (Straßenabzweigung nach Djahrom), 66 km nordwestlich von Khondj, in + 620 m ü.N.N., an der Karawanenroute von Firuzabad über Qir nach Khondj und Lar.Typ: Zweigeschossiges Stationsgebäude mit Mittelhof. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 15,30 × 15,30 m, Hofabmes- sungen 6 x 6 m. Die Gebäudehöhe läßt sich auf etwa 6,50 m rekonstruieren. fn. 162 Die Ruine wurde am 17. 3. 1986 vermessen.- Siche auch: Studia Iranica 20, 1991, Fasc. 2, 219-227. [Caravan station Ab-e Germ (Ab Germ) (Fig. 5; 231) (162)Location: 25 km south of Qir (road junction to Djahrom), 66 km northwest of Khondj, at + 620 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Firuzabad via Qir to Khondj and Lar.Type: Two-story station building with a central courtyard. Dimensions: external dimensions 15.30 × 15.30 m, courtyard dimensions 6 x 6 m. The building height can be reconstructed to be around 6.50 m. fn. 162 The ruins were surveyed on March 17, 1986. Also see: Studia Iranica 20, 1991, Fasc. 2, 219-227.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 129 Karawanenstation bei Sharifabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.390931 long 51.867561 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation bei Sharifabad , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation bei Sharifabad « Karawanenstation bei Sharifabad (Abb. 155 und 202) (137)Lage: 10km östlich von Sharifabad (Abzweig der Vara-minstraße von der Khorasanstraße) in + 980 m ü. N. N. an der Khorasanstraße zwischen Kabud Gonbad (Gumbash) und Eyvan-e Key.Typ: Stationsgebäude aus Unterkunftsräumen und Stal-lungen seitlich der Durchfahrt und einfach ummauertem Hof.Abmessungen: Gebäude 32 x 15m, Hof 34×31 m. Höhe der Durchfahrt 4,30 (Abb. 203).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark zerstörte Ruine.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch.fn 137 Der Bau wurde im Jahr 1987 vermessen. [Caravan station near Sharifabad (Figs. 155 and 202) (137)Location: 10 km east of Sharifabad (junction of the Varamin Road and the Khorasan Road) at 980 m above sea level on the Khorasan Road between Kabud Gonbad (Gumbash) and Eyvan-e Key.Type: Station building consisting of accommodation rooms and stables to the side of the entrance and a simply walled courtyard.Dimensions: Building 32 x 15 m, courtyard 34 x 31 m. Entrance height 4.30 m (Fig. 203).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar.fn 137 The structure was surveyed in 1987.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 118 Karawanenstation Garmab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.068621 long 52.286289 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Garmab , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Garmab « Karawanenstation Garmab (Garm Ab) (Taf. 24,4) (Abb. 12; 208) (112)Lage: Etwa 50 km südlich von Sefid Ab, 32 km nördlich eines Lehmkaravanserails (18 km nördlich des Imamzadeh Ali Abbas) und 64 km nordöstlich von Natanz, in +1130 m ü.N.N., am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kaspischen Meer, Die Station liegt auf einer leichten Anhöhe nahe dem safavidischen Schloß, das hier nicht behandelt wird.Typ: Das Stationsgebäude ist ein Rechteckbau mit Hof und umgebenden Räumen, von denen zwei die Iwan-Form haben, mit schweren Rundtürmen und einem Stallanbau im Süden.Abmessungen: 14,50 x 13,70 m Außenmaße ohne Turm-vorsprünge, 4,70 x 4,30 m Hofabmessungen. Die Höhe des Gebäudes beträgt 3,40 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise unter Verwendung vonLesesteinen.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Leicht verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.Im Bereich von Schloß und Karawanenstation steht ein mindestens zweigeschossiger Wachtturm in Lehmbauweise mit innerer Raumaufteilung. Äußerer Durchmesser 7,75 m (Abb. 209). Der Wachtturm dürfte ebenfalls in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut worden sein.fn 112 Garmab wurde am 20. 11. [Garmab Caravan Station (Garm Ab) (Plate 24.4) (Figs. 12; 208) (112)Location: Approximately 50 km south of Sefid Ab, 32 km north of a mud-brick caravanserai (18 km north of Imamzadeh Ali Abbas), and 64 km northeast of Natanz, at an elevation of 1130 m above sea level, on the Safavid royal road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian Sea. The station is situated on a slight rise near the Safavid palace, which is not discussed here.Type: The station building is a rectangular structure with a courtyard and surrounding rooms, two of which are iwan-shaped, with heavy round towers and a stable extension to the south.Dimensions: 14.50 x 13.70 m external dimensions excluding tower projections, 4.70 x 4.30 m courtyard dimensions. The building is 3.40 m high.Building material: Mud construction usingfieldstones.Structural features and condition: Slightly dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.In the area of ??the castle and caravan station stands a watchtower, at least two stories high, built of mud with internal rooms. Its outer diameter is 7.75 m (Fig. 209). The watchtower was likely also built during the Qajar period.fn 112 Garmab was surveyed on November 20, 1983. - W. Kleiss, Architectura 16, 1986, pp. 42 ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 105 Karawanenstation Gorgab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.856028 long 51.60251 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Gorgab , sarbazkhaneh mogholi , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Gorgab « Karawanenstation Gorgab (Taf. 12,4) (Abb. 12;98) (69)Lage: 22 km nördlich des Karavanserails Anushirvani (Aminabad), am Stadtrand von Esfahan, in +1570 mü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Murcehkhort.Typ: Langgestreckter Vierzehn-Kuppel-Bau mit Hof-ummauerung, an den in einer zweiten Bauphase ein Achtund-zwanzig-Kuppel-Bau im Norden angesetzt wurde. Eine Rampe führte auf eine begehbare Terrasse über dem Anbau, von der aus das Vierzehn-Kuppel-Obergeschoß der zweiten Bauphase erreicht wurde.Abmessungen: 62,80 x 19 m Größe des Stallgebäudes beider Bauphasen und 7,90 m Höhe der Hoffassade (Abb. 99). Die Gesamtanlage bedeckt eine Fläche von 88,50 x 47 m (Abb. 98).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.tet. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit errich-M. Siroux nahm eine mongolische Erbauungszeit an, was aber auf Grund des relativ guten Erhaltungszustandes des Lehmziegelbaus eher unwahrscheinlich ist. Im Bereich der Anlagen von Gorgab wurde ein weißgrauer Standring ei-nes Glasgefäßes (Abb. 100) gefunden.fn 69 Siroux, a.a.O., 109f. - Der Bau wurde am 12. 5. 1994 neu vermessen. [Gorgab Caravan Station (Plate 12.4) (Figs. 12; 98) (69)Location: 22 km north of the Anushirvani (Aminabad) caravanserai, on the outskirts of Isfahan, at an elevation of 1570 m above sea level, on the Isfahan–Murcehkhort route.Type: Elongated fourteen-domed structure with a courtyard wall, to which a twenty-eight-domed structure was added to the north in a second construction phase. A ramp led to a walkable terrace above the addition, from which the fourteen-domed upper story of the second construction phase could be accessed.Dimensions: The stable building of both construction phases measured 62.80 x 19 m, and the courtyard facade was 7.90 m high (Fig. 99). The entire complex covered an area of 88.50 x 47 m (Fig. 98). Building material: mud bricks.Structural features and condition: The complex is in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Probably built during the Safavid period.M. Siroux suggested a Mongol construction date, but this is rather unlikely given the relatively good state of preservation of the mud brick structure. A white-gray base ring of a glass vessel (Fig. 100) was found in the Gorgab complex. fn 69 Siroux, op. cit., 109f. - The building was resurveyed on May 12, 1994. ] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 55 ※ SOURCE for sarbazkhaneh mogholi « sarbazkhaneh mogholi سربازخانه مغولی » Karawanenstation Goshteh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.7714 long 53.260316 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Goshteh , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Goshteh « Karawanenstation Goshteh (Gusti) (Abb. 5; 154)105Lage: 50 km südlich Abarkuh, 30 km nördlich von Deh Bid und etwa 20 km östlich von Khaneh Khorreh, an der Ka-rawanenroute von Shiraz über Deh Bid nach Abarkuh und weiter nach Yazd.Die Anlage ist fast vollständig zerstört. Es zeichnet sich eine Ruine von etwa 40 × 40 m Außenabmessungen ab. Die aus Bruchsteinen errichteten Außenwände stehen teilweise bis zu einer Höhe von 2 m an. [Goshteh (Gusti) Caravan Station (Fig. 5; 154)105Location: 50 km south of Abarkuh, 30 km north of Deh Bid, and about 20 km east of Khaneh Khorreh, on the caravan route from Shiraz via Deh Bid to Abarkuh and on to Yazd.The site is almost completely destroyed. A ruin with external dimensions of approximately 40 × 40 m is visible. The outer walls, constructed of rubble stone, stand up to a height of 2 m in some places.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 87 Karawanenstation Hassanabad II : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.330066 long 51.164083 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Hassanabad II , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Hassanabad II « Karawanenstation Hassanabad II (Abb. 155 und 227) (148)Lage: 10km südwestlich vom Ort Hassanabad, in +870 m ü. N. N., an der Straße Teheran - Hassanabad - Qom (westlich des Salzsees von Qom), am Brückenübergang über den Rud-e Shur.Typ: Hofanlage, nur auf der Eingangsseite mit Unter-kunftsräumen und Stallungen versehen (Abb. 228).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 90,70 x 66,40 m. Breite des Bauwerks 15,30 m. Höhe der Eingangsfront 5 m. (Abb. 229).Baumaterial: Lehmbau.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, spätes 19. Jahrhundert.fn 148 Karawanenstation Hassanabad II wurde am 11. 7. 1983 vermessen. [Hassanabad II Caravan Station (Figs. 155 and 227) (148)Location: 10 km southwest of the town of Hassanabad, at an elevation of 870 m above sea level, on the Tehran-Hassanabad-Qom road (west of the Qom Salt Lake), at the bridge crossing over the Rud-e Shur River.Type: Farmstead, with accommodations and stables only on the entrance side (Fig. 228).Dimensions: External dimensions 90.70 x 66.40 m. Width of the building 15.30 m. Height of the entrance facade 5 m (Fig. 229).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Ruined.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Qajar, late 19th century.Hassanabad II caravan station (fn 148) was surveyed on July 11, 1983.32] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 132 Karawanenstation Herang : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 27.099134 long 54.347277 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Herang , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Herang « Karawanenstation 11 km westlich Herang (Abb. 8; 240)120Lage: 11 km westlich Herang, 3 km östlich von Kho- lus, in + 280 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Kong (Bandar-e Langeh) nach Lar.Abb. 240 Karawanenstation 11 km westlich von Herang, Lageskizze, Grundriß, Schnitt und Ansicht der Zisterne119 Die am Wege liegenden Bauten sind zum Teil vermessen worden, zum Teil konnten sie nur in die Übersichtskarte aufgenommen wer- den.120 Die Station wurde am 13.3.1986 aufgenommen.Typ: Station aus mehreren, um einen Hof angeordne- ten Gebäuden und einer runden Kuppelzisterne.Abmessungen: 40 x 35 m und 40 x 30 m. Die Zisternehat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 8,60 m und eine Höhe von 4,90 m über dem Erdboden. Die durch Oberflächen- wasser gespeiste Zisterne ist stark eingeschlämmt.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Die Zisterne ist wahrscheinlich safavidisch, die Stationsgebäude qadjarisch.Zwischen den Orten Kholus und Getaveh (6 km) liegt eine weitere Zisterne (nicht vermessen). [Caravan station 11 km west of Herang (Fig. 8; 240)120Location: 11 km west of Herang, 3 km east of Kholus, at + 280 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Kong (Bandar-e Langeh) to Lar.Fig. 240 Caravan station 11 km west of Herang, location sketch, floor plan, section and view of the cistern119 Some of the buildings along the road have been surveyed, some could only be included in the overview map.120 The station was recorded on March 13, 1986.Type: Station consisting of several buildings arranged around a courtyard and a round dome cistern.Dimensions: 40 x 35 m and 40 x 30 m. The cisternhas an outer diameter of 8.60 m and a height of 4.90 m above ground. The cistern, which is fed by surface water, is heavily silted up.Building material: rubble stone.Structural features and condition: heavily dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The cistern is probably Safavid, the station buildings Qajar.Between the towns of Kholus and Getaveh (6 km) there is another cistern (not surveyed).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 131-2 Herang online reference link [accessed 19 Nov 2024] Karawanenstation Husseinabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.207125 long 51.799432 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Husseinabad , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Husseinabad « Karawanenstation Husseinabad, südöstlich von Pishva (Abb. 155 und 213)Lage: 13 km südöstlich von Pishva, in +820 m ü. N.Ν. am Weg von Varamin nach Garmsar gelegen. Der Platz um-faßt eine Festung, eine Karawanenstation oder Caparkhaneh und eine Zisterne (Abanbar), ferner eine Ruine (Gebäude-spur).Typ: Die Festung entspricht dem Bautyp des Hofkara-vanserails, muß aber als rein militärischer Bau zum Schutz der Karawanenstraße gegen Turkmenenüberfälle angesehen werden (Abb. 214). Die Station entspricht dem Typ des Hof-karavanserails (Abb. 215).Abmessungen: Die Festung hat Außenmaße ohne Turm-vorsprünge von 73,70 x 64 m und der Hof mißt 57 × 54,60 m. Die Höhe der Festung beträgt etwa 7 m.Die Station hat Außenmaße von 37 × 20 m und Hof-maße von 17 × 10 m, ihre Innenraumhöhe beträgt 4,30 m.Der Abanbar hat einen Durchmesser von außen 17,60 m, die Höhe betrug über der Oberfläche etwa 8 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Beide Bauten sind Ruinen, ebenso der runde Abanbar (Abb. 216).Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Die Lesekera-mik aus dem Bereich der Festung umfaßt hellgelbgraue Ware (Abb. 217, Nr. 1, 2, 7 und 8), hellgelbbraune Ware (Abb. 217, Nr. 3, 6 und 9), innen helltürkis glasierte Ware (Abb. 217, Nr.4) und hellauberginefarben glasierte Ware (Abb. 217, Nr. 5).141 Die Bauten der Karawanenstation Husseinabad, südöstlich von Pishva, wurden am 1. 12. 1985 vermessen. [Husseinabad Caravan Station, southeast of Pishva (Figs. 155 and 213)Location: 13 km southeast of Pishva, at an elevation of 820 m above sea level, on the road from Varamin to Garmsar. The site comprises a fortress, a caravan station (chaparkhaneh), a cistern (abanbar), and a ruin (building trace).Type: The fortress corresponds to the construction type of a court caravanserail but must be considered a purely military structure for the protection of the caravan route against Turkmen raids (Fig. 214). The station corresponds to the type of court caravanserail (Fig. 215).Dimensions: The fortress has external dimensions of 73.70 x 64 m (excluding tower projections), and the courtyard measures 57 x 54.60 m. The fortress is approximately 7 m high.The station has external dimensions of 37 x 20 m and a courtyard of 17 x 10 m; its internal height is 4.30 m.The abanbar has an external diameter of 17.60 m and a height of approximately 8 m above ground.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: Both structures are ruins, as is the round abanbar (Fig. 216).Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The pottery from the area of ??the fortress includes light yellow-gray ware (Fig. 217, Nos. 1, 2, 7, and 8), light yellow-brown ware (Fig. 217, Nos. 3, 6, and 9), ware glazed with a light turquoise interior (Fig. 217, No. 4), and ware glazed with a light aubergine interior (Fig. 217, No. 5).141 The buildings of the Husseinabad caravan station, southeast of Pishva, were surveyed on December 1, 1985.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 125 Karawanenstation Kavir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.180663 long 51.929635 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Kavir , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Kavir « Karawanenstation Kavir (Kevir) (Abb. 7 und 116) östlich VaraminLage: 45 km westlich von Garmsar und 28 km östlich des Bahnhofs von Pishva bei Varamin, in + 740 m ü. N.N. am Rande der Kavir.Typ: Wahrscheinlich alte Karawanenstation neben mo-dernen Bahngebäuden der Haltestation der Transiranischen Eisenbahn, die während des Bahnbaus in den 30er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts benutzt und verändert worden ist.Abmessungen: 32 × 30 m Außenabmessungen.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise auf Bruchsteingründung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Gesamtanlage ist nur noch als Ruine erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.dert. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich ausgehendes 19. Jahrhun-Die Anlage weist auf eine Karawanenroute als Kurzweg am Nordrand der Dasht-e Kavir hin. [Kavir (Kevir) Caravan Station (Figs. 7 and 116) east of VaraminLocation: 45 km west of Garmsar and 28 km east of the Pishva railway station near Varamin, at an elevation of 740 m above sea level, on the edge of the Kavir River.Type: Probably an old caravan station adjacent to modern railway buildings of the Trans-Iranian Railway stop, which was used and modified during the railway's construction in the 1930s.Dimensions: 32 × 30 m (external dimensions).Building material: Mud-brick construction on a rubble stone foundation.Structural features and condition: The entire complex survives only as a ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably late 19th century.The site indicates a caravan route, a shortcut along the northern edge of the Dasht-e Kavir.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 71 Karawanenstation Khorvanak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.70077 long 45.890167 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Khorvanak , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Khorvanak « Karawanenstation Khorvanak, südwestlich Azarshahr (Abb. 4 und 56)Lage: Die Station liegt in + 1290 m ü. N.N. am Karawa-nenweg Tabriz - Hamadan, am Ostufer des Urmia-Sees, 14 km südwestlich von Azarshahr und 12 km südwestlich der Brücke bei Azarshahr.Typ: Hofanlage mit Bebauung auf drei Seiten des Hofes und zwei halbrunden Ecktürmen an der Eingangsseite (Abb. 57).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 70 × 41 m ohne Turm-vorsprünge, Hofmaße 48 × 34 m. Das Erdgeschoß mit tonnengewölbten Räumen hat eine Höhe von 2,50 m, das Obergeschoß mit Flachdecken ist 2,40 m hoch (Abb. 58). Mauerstärken 1 m.Baumaterial: Lehmstampfungen und Lehmziegel(21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Die Station dürfte im ausgehenden 19. Jahrhundert errichtet worden sein. [Caravan station Khorvanak, southwest of Azarshahr (Figs. 4 and 56)Location: The station is situated at an elevation of 1290 m above sea level on the Tabriz-Hamadan caravan route, on the eastern shore of Lake Urmia, 14 km southwest of Azarshahr and 12 km southwest of the bridge near Azarshahr.Type: Farmstead with buildings on three sides of the courtyard and two semicircular corner towers at the entrance (Fig. 57).Dimensions: External dimensions 70 × 41 m without towerprojections, courtyard dimensions 48 × 34 m. The ground floor with barrel-vaulted rooms has a height of 2.50 m, the upper floor with flat ceilings is 2.40 m high (Fig. 58). Wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Rammed earth and mud bricks(21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The station was likely built in the late 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 39 Karawanenstation Mashhad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.037159 long 51.03905 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Mashhad , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Mashhad « Karawanenstation Mashhad (Taf. 13,4) (Abb. 12; 104) (71)Lage: 33 km westlich Ravand (42 km nordwestlich Ka-shan), in +1730 m ü.N.N., nahe der Provinzgrenze (Markazi/Esfahan), an der Ost-West-Route von Kashan über Delidjan und Khomein nach Aligudarz und Khuzestan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, an eine ältere Anlage angebaut, die aus einem ummauerten Hof mit einsei-tiger Anlage von Räumen besteht.Abmessungen: Gesamtgröße 68 x 34 m, Höhe des Por-talbaus 5,50 m (Abb. 105).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.fn 71 Der Bau wurde am 17. 11. 1985 vermessen. [Mashhad Caravan Station (Plate 13.4) (Figs. 12; 104) (71)Location: 33 km west of Ravand (42 km northwest of Kashan), at 1730 m above sea level, near the provincial border (Markazi/Isfahan), on the east-west route from Kashan via Delijan and Khomeini to Aligudarz and Khuzestan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, attached to an older structure consisting of a walled courtyard with rooms arranged along one side.Dimensions: Overall size 68 x 34 m, height of the gatehouse 5.50 m (Fig. 105).Building material: Mud-brick construction.fn 71 The structure was surveyed on November 17, 1985.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 55 Karawanenstation Shurhak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.901232 long 51.746029 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation Shurhak , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Shurhak « Karawanenstation Shurhak im Lartal (Taf. 17,4 und 18,1) (Abb. 155 und 185) (127)Lage: 16 km südlich des Karavanserails Bastak im Lartal, 2 km südlich des Lar-Flusses am Aufstieg zur Gardaneh-ye Afdjeh, in +2620 m ü. N.N. am Wege von Teheran über Afdjeh nach Baladeh und an das Kaspische Meer.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail, bestehend aus 4 aneinandergereihten Räumen, kuppelgedeckt, in Hanglage.Abmessungen: 18,10 × 5,40 m. Innenhöhe maximal 2,80 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten. Türstürze durch hochkant gestellte Steinplatten gebildet.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 127 Die Station wurde am 18. 7. 1982 vermessen. [Shurhak Caravan Station in the Lar Valley (Plates 17.4 and 18.1) (Figs. 155 and 185) (127)Location: 16 km south of the Bastak Caravanserai in the Lar Valley, 2 km south of the Lar River on the ascent to the Gardaneh-ye Afdjeh, at an elevation of 2620 m above sea level, on the route from Tehran via Afdjeh to Baladeh and the Caspian Sea.Type: Covered mountain caravanserai, consisting of four adjoining rooms with domed roofs, situated on a hillside.Dimensions: 18.10 × 5.40 m. Maximum interior height: 2.80 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved. Door lintels formed by upright stone slabs.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn 127 The station was surveyed on July 18, 1982. ] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 109 Karawanenstation südwestlich von Ardestan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.349138 long 52.366655 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation südwestlich von Ardestan , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation südwestlich von Ardestan « Karawanenstation südwestlich von Ardestan (Abb. 12;220) (120)Lage: ta km südwestlich von Ardestan (Südende der Umgehungsstraße an einem Karawanenweg von Ardestan über Bahram nach Esfahan, in +1620m ü.N.N., 18 km nörd-lich von Bahram (Baqam).Typ: Hofanlage mit Bebauung nur auf der Eingangsseite. Vor dem Bau ein jüngeres Wasserbecken.Abmessungen:32,50 x 24.50 m Außenmaße (ohne Portal-vorbau). Höhe des Gebäudes etwa 4 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Berheiten und Zustand: Erhaltungszustand gut.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Als Station, später Caykhaneh (Teehaus), in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut. fn 120 Die Station wurde am 29. 11. 1984 vermessen. [ 1,054 Caravan station southwest of Ardestan (Fig. 12;220) (120)Location: 1 km southwest of Ardestan (southern end of the bypass road on a caravan route from Ardestan via Bahram to Isfahan, at +1620 m above sea level, 18 km north of Bahram (Baqam).Type: Farmstead with buildings only on the entrance side. A later water basin was located in front of the building.Dimensions: 32.50 x 24.50 m external dimensions (excluding the porch). Building height approximately 4 m.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built as a station, later a teahouse, in the Qajar period.fn 120 The station was inaugurated on November 29th. Surveyed in 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 111 Karawanenstation westlich von Mahlakeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.788208 long 53.59185 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karawanenstation westlich von Mahlakeh , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation westlich von Mahlakeh « Karawanenstation westlich von Mahlakeh (Mahallaceh)/ Fishvar (Abb. 5; 233) 163Lage: 11 km westlich von Mahlakeh/Fishvar, 29 km öst- lich von Khondj, in +650 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Khondj nach Lar. Am Ort ist eine Station mit Zisterne und Turm südlich der Straße Khondj - Lar zu unterscheiden von drei, nur noch als Grundrisse sichtbaren Hofhäusern (viel- leicht mit Stationsfunktion) nördlich der Straße (Abb. 233).Typ: Die Station ist an eine Zisterne angebaut und um- schließt einen Turm in der Mitte des Hofes. Unregelmäßig große Räume mit unklarer Einzelfunktion sind an die Au- Benmauern angebaut, so daß drei Bauphasen zu erkennen sind (Abb. 234).Abmessungen: Das unregelmäßige Viereck hat max. 28 × 28 m Seitenlänge, ohne den Vorsprung der Zisterne. Die Mauern sind bis zu 2,30 m Höhe erhalten. Die Zisterne hat einen äußeren Durchmesser von 7,20 m und ist 5,60 m hoch. Der Turm besitzt einen äußeren Durchmesser von 4 m und eine erhaltene Höhe von 6,20 m. Im unteren Teilmassiv liegt der Einstieg, das erste Geschoß 4,50 m über der Hofeben. [Caravan station west of Mahlakeh (Mahallaceh)/ Fishvar (Fig. 5; 233) 163Location: 11 km west of Mahlakeh/Fishvar, 29 km east of Khondj, at +650 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Khondj to Lar. At the site, a station with a cistern and tower south of the Khondj - Lar road can be distinguished from three courtyard houses (perhaps with a station function), which are only visible as floor plans, north of the road (Fig. 233).Type: The station is attached to a cistern and encloses a tower in the middle of the courtyard. Irregularly large rooms with unclear individual functions are built onto the outer walls, so that three construction phases can be seen (Fig. 234).Dimensions: The irregular square has a maximum side length of 28 × 28 m, without the projection of the cistern. The walls have been preserved up to 2.30 m high. The cistern has an outer diameter of 7.20 m and is 5.60 m high. The tower has an outer diameter of 4 m and a preserved height of 6.20 m. The entrance is in the lower part of the massif, the first floor is 4.50 m above the courtyard level. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 130 Karawanserei Alabek : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.272282 long 51.805931 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: based on Kaempfer's ¼ hour walk to the new caravanserai VARIANT names: Karawanserei Alabek , ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Alabek « 1st ein langes, ziemlich volkreiches Dorf, liegt links von dem einzelnen genannten Berge oder Felsen, Kui Baba Hossein (Kuh-e Baba HoEein) genannt. Rechts hat es Garten und Felder, hinter welchem das Gebirge hieE Khammari guha. Wir logierten in der Karawanserei Alabek, die groE von Back.steinen vor 370 Jahren erbaut ist. Hatte anstatt der Stuben nur offene Gewolbe, 10 an jeder Seite und ein groEes in der Mitte und Eingang der Stalle. Dazu auch auEen nach der Gassse an der Front ein Logiergebaude. Unweit, etwa 100 Schritte entfernt von dieser Karawanserei, war ein altes, iiber den Haufen gefaUenes SchloE, in Wahrheit eine Residenz der Turteltauben (31), die hier von meiner spingarda (Armbrust) ihr Leben einbuEen muEten. Ein SchloE, welches, wie das Volk sagte, Gebr. Rustam (Rostam, Sagenheld) bewohnt habe. Man nannte als die Erbauerin Mahha, auf turkisch Mhha, eine Jungfrau, die dort Konigin gewesen sei. [First, a long, rather populous village lies to the left of the solitary mountain or rock called Kui Baba Hossein (Kuh-e Baba HoEein). To the right are gardens and fields, behind which rises the mountain range called Khammari guha. We lodged in the Alabek caravanserai, a large brick building constructed 370 years ago. Instead of rooms, it had only open vaults, ten on each side and one large one in the middle, which also served as the entrance to the stables. There was also a lodging building outside, facing the alleyway at the front. Not far away, about 100 paces from this caravanserai, was an old castle, built over the mound, in reality a residence of turtledoves (31), which had to lose their lives here at the hands of my spingarda (crossbow). A castle which, according to the people, was inhabited by the brother Rustam (Rostam, a legendary hero). The builder was named as Mahha, or Mhha in Turkish, a virgin who was queen there.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 86 Kareez caravanserai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.80392 long 60.828616 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: unknown location VARIANT names: Kareez caravanserai (?) , ※ SOURCE for Kareez caravanserai (?) « Toorbut to Kareez, 13 H. R., 30 ?.By level road across open plains, bearing s.E. At distance of 8 miles pass on the left a covered well, containing water: rather more than half way is the ruined village and serai of Abbasabad; no water here. The road, beyond this good, crosses the dry bed of a river, the Mosinabad, a tributary of the Herat River (for some distance the Mosinabad keeps to the left of road); cross a low ridge of bare hills, then over open plain to Kareez; little cultivation, contains 100 houses, water good: extensive ruined serai at back of village. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 46 Karimabad caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207489 , Karimabad caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207489 EAMENA-0207489 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Kariz-i Amrutak : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Kariz-i Amrutak , ※ SOURCE for Kariz-i Amrutak « 2114. KARIZ-I AMRUTAK Original:Lat. 34º 530 N, long. 61º 570 Eapprox.Maps 42, 43, 52. Revised: 34.84383758 N, 61.95260838 E / 34º 500 37.81528080 N, 61º 570 09.39016440 E approx. Herat Province. Approximately 2 km south-west of Qashawri on road to Sang Kotal. Description: Ruins of an old fort or caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Peacocke 1887a: 175—mention. 2. Gazetteer 1975: III. 355—mention under the name Sargardān, presumably the same as Kariz Amrutak. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 431 karvan saraye ershod : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.975202 long 46.599595 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Basmandj , karvan saraye ershod , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Basmandj « Karavanserail Basmandj (Abb. 4 und 60) (50)Lage: Das Karavanserail (Taf. 4,1) liegt 23 km östlich von Tabriz an der Strecke Tabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingang und vier run-den Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 93 × 67 m, Hofmaße 71,50 x 48,50 m. Mauerstärken 0,90-1,00 m.Baumaterial: Lehmpackungen und Lehmziegel auf Bruchsteinfundamenten. fn 50 Das Karavanserail wurde 1978 vermessen [Basmandj Caravanserail (Figs. 4 and 60) (50)Location: The caravanserail (Plate 4.1) is located 23 km east of Tabriz on the Tabriz–Zandjan–Qazvin road.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with one entrance and four round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions 93 × 67 m, courtyard dimensions 71.50 x 48.50 m. Wall thickness 0.90–1.00 m.Building material: Clay infill and mud bricks on rubble stone foundations.The caravanserail was surveyed in 1978.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 39 ff karvansara tarikhi doplan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.917651 long 50.595734 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Duplan Historical Caravanserai کاروانسرا تاریخی دوپلان VARIANT names: Du Pulan caravanserai , Karavanserail Do Polan , karvansara tarikhi doplan , ※ SOURCE for Du Pulan caravanserai « This bridge has not been laid, and the material is said to be lying in the caravanserai at Du Pulan. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 108 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Do Polan « Karavanserail Do Polan (Taf. 2,2.3.4; 3,1) (Abb. 4; 27) 30Lage: Auf einer begrenzten Hochfläche über dem Ka-rundurchbruch, nördlich oberhalb der Brückenkopfreste zweier Steinbrücken (Bruchstein in Kalkmörtelverband) und westlich der Brückenreste über einem Nebenfluß des Karun, vor dessen Einmündung in den Karun, in +1430 m ü.N.N., liegen die Schuttwälle eines Karavanserails. Do Polan ist 69 km von Shalamzar und 16 km (neue Paßstraße) von der Sta-tion Badjgiran entfernt. Die Entfernung zum Karavanserailm Sarwak bbeträgt etwa 18-20 km. Do Polan liegt am Bakhtiarenweg zwischen Ahvaz und Esfahan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit einem Eingangsiwan und flankierenden Räumen. Der Hof wahrscheinlich nur auf zwei Seiten mit Räumen versehen.Abmessungen: 52 x 48m Außenmaße, 40 x 33m Hofab-messungen, erhaltene Höhe der Schuttwälle 2,50 m (Abb. 28).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtel versetzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf Mauer-schuttwälle vollständig zerstört, Schutt teilweise auch als Baumaterial abgefahren.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Im Rahmen des Ausbaus des Bakhtiarenwe-ges im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet. [Do Polan Caravanserai (Plates 2.2.3.4; 3.1) (Figs. 4; 27) 30Location: On a limited plateau above the Karun Gorge, north of and above the remains of two stone bridges (rubble in lime mortar) and west of the bridge remains over a tributary of the Karun, before its confluence with the Karun, at an elevation of 1430 m above sea level, lie the rubble walls of a caravanserai. Do Polan is 69 km from Shalamzar and 16 km (via the new pass road) from the Badjgiran station. The distance to the Sarwak caravanserai is approximately 18–20 km. Do Polan is located on the Bakhtiari Trail between Ahvaz and Isfahan.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with an entrance iwan and flanking rooms. The courtyard likely only had rooms on two sides.Dimensions: 52 x 48 m external dimensions, 40 x 33 m courtyard dimensions, remaining height of the rubble walls 2.50 m (Fig. 28).Building material: Rubble masonry set in mortar.Structural features and condition: Completely destroyed except for the rubble walls; some of the rubble was removed and used as building material.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Constructed during the expansion of the Bakhtiari Way in the 19th century.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 22 karvansara ve rabat manpani : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.075856 long 60.351869 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara ve rabat manpani کاروانسرا و رباط ماهی VARIANT names: karvansara ve rabat manpani , Robat-e Mahi , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Mahi « Robat-e Mahi (Taf. 18,2-19.4) (Abb. 3 und 49)Lage: 85 km östlich von Mashhad, etwa 60 km östlich von Sangbast und 35 km südwestlich von Robat-e Sharaf, an der Karawanenroute von Mashhad den Kashaf Rudens lang und weiter nach Sarakhs und Merv, sowie über Pole Khatun in Richtung Balkh. Außerdem liegt Robat-e Mahi an der Mashhad südlich umgehenden West-Ost-Straße von Neyshabur über Sangbast und Cahak - wo ein rechteckiges Ruinengebiet nördlich der Straße wahrscheinlich eine Kara wanenstation angibt nach Robat-e Sharaf - Sarakhs und Mery. Robat-e Mahi liegt nördlich des Kashaf Rud is +720 m ü.N.N. Die Ruine des Robats liegt westlich neben dem Ruinengebiet eines älteren Bauwerks gleicher Funk tion und erhöht über dem Rand des Flußtales erhebt sich der Rest eines Turmes oder Mil (Abb. 49). Abmeuangen: 66,50 x 63.40m Außenmaße, 41,20 16.40 m Hofabmessungen, rekonstruierte Portalbau-Hohe 8,60 m (Abb. 10). [Robat-e Mahi (Plates 18.2-19.4) (Figs. 3 and 49) Location: 85 km east of Mashhad, approximately 60 km east of Sangbast and 35 km southwest of Robat-e Sharaf is located on the caravan route from Mashhad along the Kashaf Rudens and on to Sarakhs and Merv, as well as via Pole Khatun towards Balkh. Robat-e Mahi is also situated on the east-west road bypassing Mashhad to the south, from Neyshabur via Sangbast and Cahak – where a rectangular area of ??ruins north of the road likely indicates a caravan stop for Robat-e Sharaf, Sarakhs, and Merv. Robat-e Mahi lies north of the Kashaf Rudens at an elevation of 720 meters above sea level. The ruins of the Robat are located west of the ruins of an older structure of the same function, and the remains of a tower or mil (Fig. 49) rise above the edge of the river valley. Dimensions: 66.50 x 63.40 m external dimensions, 41.20 x 16.40 m courtyard dimensions, reconstructed portal height 8.60 m (Fig. 10).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 40 Karvansara-ye `Abbasi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.7653 long 52.1771 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye `Abbasi , Qasr-e Bahram , قصر بهرام , کاروانسرای عباسی , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye `Abbasi , karvansaraye bakhshi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.984474 long 51.448774 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: karvansaraye bakhshi , Karvansara-ye Banu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Banu , کاروانسرای بنو , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Banu , Karvansara-ye Barashlu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Barashlu , Karvansara-ye Barashlu , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , برشلو , کاروانسرای بارشلو , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Borashloo carvanserai , caravanserai (Preece) , Karavanserail Baushla , Karvansara-ye Barashlu , ※ SOURCE for Borashloo carvanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai (Preece) « Caravanserai » in {map#1192 in #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ fig. Map showing road from Shiraz to Jashk sheet 1} ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Baushla « Abmessungen: Außenmaße 27,90 x 20,50 m, Hofabmes-sungen 15,80 x 9,10 m und 4,50 m maximale Gebäudehöhe (Abb. 175).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen, Einzelräume als Viehpferch genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Dimensions: External dimensions 27.90 x 20.50 m, courtyard dimensions 15.80 x 9.10 m, and a maximum building height of 4.50 m (Fig. 175).Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated, some rooms used as cattle pens.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 97 karvansaraye bash sarvagh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Bash'sarouq Caravanserai کاروانسرای باش ساروق VARIANT names: Karavanserail 5 km südlich Robat Toroq , karvansaraye bash sarvagh , Robat-i-Savanj , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail 5 km südlich Robat Toroq « Karavanserail 5 km südlich Robat Toroq (Taf. 16,1-16,4) (Abb. 5 und 43) (36)Lage: 5 km südlich des Robat Toroq (Karavanserail im Ort), 12 km nördlich des Robat Khakestar, an der direkten Karawanenstraße von Neyshabur nach Mashhad und an der Straße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh, in + 1080 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: Unregelmäßiger Hallenbau in zwei getrennten Abteilungen mit separaten Eingängen.Abmessungen: 31,50×19m Außenmaße, Gebäude-höhe in beiden, in Hanglage angeordneten Abteilungen jeweils 6,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm) für die Kuppeln und Gewölbe.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark beschä-digt und partiell vollständig eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: In qadjarischer Zeit, wie Robat-e Khake-star, wegen erhöhten Verkehrsaufkommens als zusätzliche Karawanenunterkunft erbaut.fn 36 Das Karavanserail wurde am 12.10.1995 vermessen. [Caravanserai 5 km south of Robat Toroq (Plates 16.1-16.4) (Figs. 5 and 43) (36)Location: 5 km south of Robat Toroq (caravanserai within the town), 12 km north of Robat Khakestar, on the direct caravan route from Neyshabur to Mashhad and on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh, at an elevation of 1080 m above sea level.Type: Irregular hall structure in two separate sections with separate entrances.Dimensions: 31.50 × 19 m external dimensions, building height in both sections, situated on a slope, 6.60 m each.Building material: Rubble stone and fired bricks (22/22/5 cm) for the domes and vaults.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built in the Qajar period, like Robat-e Khake-star, as an additional caravan shelter due to increased traffic.fn 36 The caravanserail was surveyed on October 12, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Robat-i-Savanj « Twenty men of this little group are embodied in the 'Arab-u-'Ajam regiment, and forty others are supposed to guard the Miandasht caravanserai. This latter duty is very advantageous to them as they supply the passing caravans with provisions. Twelve miles north of Sharifabad is an old caravanserai, now deserted, called Robat-i-Savānj, formerly a station on the highroad from Bustam to Nishapür. Up to 15 or 20 years ago this buluk was much exposed to the attacks of Turkomans. (Schindler.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 302 Karvansara-ye Chek : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Chek , کاروانسرای چک , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Chek , Karvansara-ye Duk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Duk , کاروانسرای دوک , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Duk , karvansaraye ebasi lasjerd : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.400162 long 53.083472 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ebasi lasjerd کاروانسرای عباسی لاسجرد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Lasdjerd , karvansaraye ebasi lasjerd , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Lasdjerd « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, zwei durchge-henden Stallungen, Kuppel über dem Eingang, vorgezoge-nem Portalbau und abgerundeten Außenecken.Abmessungen: 65 x 61,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Portal-vorsprung), 37 x 30,50 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe nicht be-stimmbar, da keine Schnitte und Ansichten aufgenommen werden konnten. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, two continuous stables, a dome over the entrance, a projecting portal, and rounded exterior corners.Dimensions: 65 x 61.50 m external dimensions (excluding portal projection), 37 x 30.50 m courtyard dimensions, height not determinable as no sections or elevations could be taken.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 91 Karvansara-ye Farangi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.168092 long 61.14961 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Farangi , کاروانسرای فرنگی , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Farangi , karvansaraye ghale khargoshi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.198651 long 53.191247 Supplement: listed in NIMA/GNS data as PPL Qale Kharboghi Caravanserai کاروانسرای قلعه خرگوشی NIMA/GNS names: Khargushi , Kharqushi , Qal`eh Khargushi , Qal`eh-ye Khargushi , Qal'eh Khargushi , خرگوشی , قلئه خرگوشی , قلعه خرگوشی , قلعه خرگوشی , قلعۀ خرگوشی , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat Khargushi , karvansaraye ghale khargoshi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Khargushi « Karavanserail Robat Khargushi (Taf. 5,1-4; 6,1-4) (Abb. 4; 42) (19)Lage: Rund 67 km südöstlich von Varzaneh/Provinz Esfahan, etwa 24 km östlich des Salzsumpfes von Gawkhu-ni, in + 1790 m ü. N.N., am einst bedeutsamen Karawanen-weg von Esfahan über Varzaneh nach Yazd und Kerman (heute eine kaum genutzte Piste).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, fünf Stallabtei-lungen und in den Hofecken vier oktogonalen Räumen. Im Hof ein achteckiges Quellhaus (zerstört). Der Portalbau springt vor der Außenfassade vor. Risalitartige Halbrund-türme und runde Ecktürme gliedern in regelmäßigen Ab-ständen die Außenfassade.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 74 × 67 m. Hofabmessungen 39,50 x 32 m, Breite der Stallgänge 4,40 m, Höhe der Hof-Iwane 8,60 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,40 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9 m und Höhe der Außen-mauern 7,50 m (Abb. 43).Der Portalbau enthält ein Obergeschoß aus fünf Räumen (Abb. 44).fn 19 Robat Khargushi wurde am 7. und 8.4.1982 vermessen. [Robat Khargushi Caravanserail (Plates 5.1-4; 6.1-4) (Figs. 4; 42) (19)Location: Approximately 67 km southeast of Varzaneh/Isfahan Province, about 24 km east of the Gawkhu-ni salt marsh, at an elevation of 1790 m above sea level, on the once important caravan route from Isfahan via Varzaneh to Yazd and Kerman (today a barely used track).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, five stable compartments, and four octagonal rooms in the corners of the courtyard. An octagonal spring house (destroyed) was located in the courtyard. The gatehouse projects from the outer facade. Projecting semicircular towers and round corner towers articulate the outer facade at regular intervals.Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 74 × 67 m. Courtyard dimensions 39.50 x 32 m, width of the stable passages 4.40 m, height of the courtyard iwans 8.60 m, height of the courtyard facades 6.40 m, height of the gatehouse 9 m, and height of the outer walls 7.50 m (Fig. 43).The gatehouse contains an upper floor with five rooms (Fig. 44).Robat Khargushi was surveyed on April 7 and 8, 1982.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 34 karvansaraye ghale sarkheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.836467 long 49.724268 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Sorkheh Castle Caravanserai کاروانسرای قلعه سرخه VARIANT names: karvansaraye ghale sarkheh , karvansaraye haj mirza mahmad akbarzadeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.02381 long 50.399606 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye haj mirza mahmad akbarzadeh کاروانسرای حاج میرزا محمد اکبرزاده VARIANT names: karvansaraye haj mirza mahmad akbarzadeh , Sava caravanserai , Saveh caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Sava caravanserai De ce dernier Carvanſera à Sava il n'y a plus que trois heures de marche pour la Caravane, [From this last Carvanſera to Sava, it is only a three-hour walk for the Caravan.] ※ SOURCE for Saveh caravanserai « De là nous marchâmes la nuit du ſixiéme pen-dant huit heures par des che-mins entrecoupez de ruiſſeaux. Le Caravanſerail est à l'entrée d'une petite Ville nommée Sava, qui marque par ſes ruines qu'el-le a été confiderable autrefois. [From there we walked for eight hours on the night of the sixth, along paths interspersed with streams. The caravanserai is at the entrance to a small town called Sava, whose ruins show that it was once a significant place.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 64 Karvansara-ye Jeyhun : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 27.276881 long 55.208767 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Jeyhun , کاروانسرای جيحون , VARIANT names: Dgei Hhon , Djehoûn , Djehun , Gehoen , Gioen , Githoin , Jehoen , Jehun , Jeyhun caravanserai , Jihun , Karavanserail Djeyhun , Karvansara-ye Jeyhun , S. Dgei Hhou , S. Gehun , Sera Sehoen , ※ SOURCE for Dgei Hhon « , and about four a Clock by another, called Dgei Hhonat break of day we entered into bad way again, where we clambered up and down for above an hour among ftones; » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 133 [3.5 hrs at 4 km/hr ≃ 14 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Djehoûn « Nous arrivâmes à midi et demi au petit ca- ravansérail de Djéhoûn. Auprès est une ci- terne découverte. Sur la gauche du chemin, on en voit une autre, dont le dessus est en forme de coupole. [We arrived at half past twelve at the small caravanserai of Djéhoûn. Nearby is an open cistern. On the left of the path, we see another, the top of which is in the form of a dome.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 426 ※ SOURCE for Djehun « Dec. 26 to the Guri Bessergun caravanserai (Gur-e Båsårgån) 6 Farsach.The last miles were really funny because of the amount of trees and herbs, 1½ farsach to a caravanserai on the left, again 1½ farsach to an old summer caravanserai. Poor and old as it was, it still had a respectable name: Djehun » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 123 ※ SOURCE for Gehoen « 21 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385 ※ SOURCE for Gioen « Den 11. dito. Ten 2 uuren 's nachts weder vertrokken zynde, quam zyn Ed. een uur na zonsopgang aan de ruft-plaats Bonko Bonpaan, zynde 1 myl verder, dan Gioen. [On the 11th ditto. Having left again at 2 o'clock in the morning, his Ed. arrived an hour after sunrise at the resting place Bonko Bonpaan, which is 1 mile further than Gioen.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 pp. 272-3 ※ SOURCE for Githoin « 9 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 360 ※ SOURCE for Jehoen « Den 25. dito hadden wy een ſteenagtigen weg, over veel gebergte, en onder weeg veel doorn-boomen, en plantagien van dadel-boomen. Wy trokken voorby een kleine Karrawanfera, Jehoen genaamd. [On the 25th we had a one-eighth road, over many mountains, and under the road many thorn trees and plantations of date trees. We passed by a little Karrawanfera named Jehoen.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Jehun « in our Way from Goor Bazergum to Jehun (1) which is but Twelve Miles, where we were forced to stay to get more Camels, for Three had failed us in this Conflict; fn. 1 In the Jihun plain “a splendid supply of water from a Kanat and several palm trees combine to delight the traveller, who will have had to content himself for the past week with the treeless camping-grounds and water of a most indifferent quality” {Ibid. 156 f.). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 189 « 3 [March]. Sett out for Jehun, 7 farsangs, very bad stoney way. About 8 at night arrived at Tankadalone, 5 farsangs, a good caravensaroy with a Tank in the middle built in form of a cross, within side. Here lay till 4 in the morning; then sett out for Jehun, the other 2 farsangs. Arrived about 6 in the morning the 4th March. This is a good caraven. saroy tho small; a great distance from any village. note: Diary of 3 March 1707/8. Jehun Jaihûn See Fryer, II, 189 and n. 1. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Jeyhun caravanserai « Well before noon we reached the caravanserai of Jeyḥūn,(24) which was somewhat larger and of the same style as the rest; it was very hot there. Refreshment for that day was brought in from the closest villages and dawārs. fn. 24 See Speelman, Journaal der Reis, n.p. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 298 ※ SOURCE for Jihun « KM 049 S. Gehun (De Silva Figueroa), S. Dgei Hhou (Thévenot), Jihun (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « Jihun » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « The valley here presents a greener aspect, owing to the frequency of kanar trees, and thickets of prickly bush and furze. At 8 miles 7 furlongs, after crossing the dry sandy bed of a water-course, we pass the caravanserai and two cisterns of Jihun. The former contains four lower rooms. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 30 « Persian text omitted. [Jihun. They move from Barke Nu to Jihun, the distance is three farsakhs and the road is smooth. They will reach some unreadable words that are formed by floodwaters and are coded by rainwater in winter. In Jihun there is a caravanserai, two ponds and a well.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 580 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Djeyhun « Karavanserail Djeyhun (Abb. 7; 227) (113)Lage: 11 km nordwestlich von Berkeh Sefid, 16 kmsüdöstlich Tang-e Dalan, in + 190 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar. Am Ort befinden sich außer dem Karavanserail eine gemauerte Bet-Plattform mit Mihrab und zwei runde Zisternen.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail, innen kreuzförmig mit betonter Vierungskuppel, mit iwanartig angelegten Vorräu- men in der Nord-Süd-Achse und in den Gebäudeecken vier Zweiergruppen von Räumen. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,50 x 16,50 m, Gebäu- dehöhe 5,30 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Südöstlich von Djeyhun sind die stark zerstörten Reste nes dem Karavanserail Djeyhun sehr ähnlichen - wei- en Karavanserails sichtbar, aber nicht vermessen wor- n.Beim Karavanserail Djeyhun sind zwei runde Kuppelternen erhalten, die eine mit äußerem Durchmesser von om 9,80 m und 5,90 m Höhe (Tiefe etwa 5 m), die andere mit Berem Durchmesser von 8,50 m und 4 m Höhe (Tiefe et- 5 m). Beide werden durch Oberflächenwasser gespeist d sind teilweise verlandet (Abb. 228). fn. 113 Die Bauten in Djeyhun wurden am 2. 3. und 4. 12. 1984 vermessen. [Djeyhun Caravanserail (Fig. 7; 227) (113) Location: 11 km northwest of Berkeh Sefid, 16 km southeast of Tang-e Dalan, at + 190 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. In addition to the caravanserail, there is a brick prayer platform with a mihrab and two round cisterns. Type: Pavilion caravanserail, cruciform inside with a prominent crossing dome, with iwan-like anterooms on the north-south axis and four groups of rooms in the corners of the building. Dimensions: External dimensions 16.50 x 16.50 m, building height 5.30 m. Building material: Quarry stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Southeast of Djeyhun, the heavily damaged remains of a white caravanserai, very similar to the Djeyhun caravanserai, are visible but have not been surveyed.At the Djeyhun caravanserai two round domed towers have been preserved, one with an external diameter of 9.80 m and a height of 5.90 m (depth about 5 m), the other with a smaller diameter of 8.50 m and a height of 4 m (depth about 5 m). Both are fed by surface water and are partly silted up (Fig. 228). fn. 113 The buildings in Djeyhun were surveyed on 2, 3 and 4 December 1984. ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 126 ※ SOURCE for S. Dgei Hhou « KM 049 S. Gehun (De Silva Figueroa), S. Dgei Hhou (Thévenot), Jihun (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for S. Gehun « KM 049 S. Gehun (De Silva Figueroa), S. Dgei Hhou (Thévenot), Jihun (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Sera Sehoen « Van hier geraekten naarmiddagh ten vier uuren weder voorts ende naar drie mijlen rijdens lieten 't cleene dorpje ende de daaraan gelegen Sera Sehoen (2) aan de regterzijde leggen [From here we drove to four o'clock in the afternoon and again to three miles' drive, leaving the small village and the adjacent Sera Sehoen (2) on the right side] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 41 karvansaraye kharangh ordan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.34492 long 54.667974 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye kharangh ordkan کاروانسرای خرانق اردکان VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kharanaq , karvansaraye kharangh ordan , Kharanaq caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kharanaq « Abmessungen: Außenmaße 56 x 53m, Hofabmessun-gen 26 x 26 m, Breite der Stallgänge 3,90 m, Durchmesser der vier Eckkuppeln je 10,50 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 6,50 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, war 1976 ungenutzt. [Dimensions: External dimensions 56 x 53 m, courtyard dimensions 26 x 26 m, width of the stable passages 3.90 m, diameter of the four corner domes 10.50 m each, height of the entrance facade 6.50 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, was unused in 1976.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Kharanaq caravanserai «1668-048 Kharānaq Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 20 41.81 E54 40 4.74 0.28 ha 17.34 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] karvansaraye khaton abad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.497917 long 51.660775 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khaton abad کاروانسرای خاتون آباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Khatunabad , karvansaraye khaton abad , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khatunabad « Karavanserail Khatunabad » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 115 karvansaraye mokhrobeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.410615 long 55.770318 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye mokhrobeh کاروانسرای مخروبه VARIANT names: karvansaraye mokhrobeh , Qaleh Zeydar , ※ SOURCE for Qaleh Zeydar « Qal'eh Zeydar an der Khorassanstraße (Taf.36.3) (Abb.7 und 213)Lage: 11 km östlich von Mayamey und 26 km westlich Karavanserail Miyandasht, in + 1170 m ü. N.N., am Abzweig des Weges nach Biyardjomand von der Khorassanstraße.Typ: Hofanlage mit Gruppen von Räumen und Kor-ridoren, die um den Hof angeordnet sind, mit vier runden Ecktürmen und schwerem Torturm mit versetztem Tor-durchgang. Unter der südlichen Hofbebauung liegt ein Bade-gebäude. Funktion einer militärischen Station, weniger zur Aufnahme von Reisenden.Abmessungen: 58 x 58m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 36 × 33 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Türme 9 m. Baumaterial: Lehmpackungen und Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist par-tiell sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Qal'eh Zeydar on the Khorasan Road (Plate 36.3) (Figs. 7 and 213)Location: 11 km east of Mayamey and 26 km west of the Miyandasht Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1170 m above sea level, at the junction of the road to Biyardjomand with the Khorasan Road.Type: Courtyard complex with groups of rooms and corridors arranged around the central courtyard, featuring four round corner towers and a heavy gate tower with an offset gateway. A bathhouse is located beneath the southern courtyard buildings. Functioned as a military station, less so for accommodating travelers.Dimensions: 58 x 58 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 36 x 33 m courtyard dimensions, tower height 9 m. Building materials: mud bricks and adobe. Architectural features and condition: The building is partially severely damaged.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 117 karvansaraye moshir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.472 long 51.338435 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye moshir کاروانسرای مشیر VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim , karvansaraye moshir , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pol-e Hadji Mahamad Rahim « Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58 x 37m, Hofabmessungen 35 x 23,20 m, Gebäudehöhe 5 m (Abb. 24).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gelände is zu einem Drittel seiner bebauten Fläche zerstört und der Hang der Terrasse, auf dem das Karavanserail steht, ist durch den Fluß teilweise weggerissen. Der Eingang ist nicht mehr erkennbar. [ 945 Dimensions: External dimensions 58 x 37 m, courtyard dimensions 35 x 23.20 m, building height 5 m (Fig. 24).Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered.Structural features and condition: One-third of the site's built area is destroyed, and the slope of the terrace on which the caravanserai stands has been partially washed away by the river. The entrance is no longer recognizable.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 21 karvansaraye motamad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.681672 long 54.332371 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye motamad کاروانسرای معتمد VARIANT names: karvansaraye motamad , Karvansara-ye Nimeh Duk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Nimeh Duk , کاروانسرای نیمه دوک , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Nimeh Duk , Karvansara-ye Pa Kabud : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.044088 long 51.838855 VARIANT names: Dareh'palang Caravanserai , Karvansara-ye Pa Kabud , Passkaravanserail Pa Kabud II , ※ SOURCE for Dareh'palang Caravanserai Darre Palang Caravanserai کاروانسرای دره پلنگ ※ SOURCE for Passkaravanserail Pa Kabud II « Paßkaravanserail Pa Kabud II (Taf. 14,2) (Abb. 155 und 158)111Lage: 25 km südlich von Baladeh im Nurtal, am Weg von Nur an der Küste des Kaspischen Meeres über Baladeh nach Teheran, in + 2830 m ü. N. N. nahe dem Paß (+2900 m). Von Yal Rud (+ 2180 m ü. N.N.) nur zu Fuß zu erreichen, durch die Tang-e Kushkar auf dem alten, 4 m breiten, gepfla-sterten und durch Stützmauern gehaltenen Karawanenweg. Etwa 6km südlich Yal Rud nicht mehr meßbare Mauerreste einer kleinen Wegstation. Typ: 2 je zweischiffige, gedeckte Hallenbauten mit Ni-schen im Typ des Berglandkaravanserails mit einräumigem Verbindungsbau. Partiell in den Berghang hineingebaut.Abmessungen: Der östliche Baukörper hat die Außen-maße von 17 x 12 m, der westliche Baukörper von 23 x 12,50 m. Die Raumhöhe (Kuppelscheitel) beträgt bei beiden Bauten jeweils 4,20 m (Abb. 159).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Pass Caravanserail Pa Kabud II (Plate 14.2) (Figs. 155 and 158)111Location: 25 km south of Baladeh in the Nur Valley, on the road from Nur on the Caspian Sea coast via Baladeh to Tehran, at an elevation of 2830 m above sea level, near the pass (2900 m). It can only be reached on foot from Yal Rud (2180 m above sea level) via the Tang-e Kushkar road on the old, 4 m wide, paved caravan route supported by retaining walls. Approximately 6 km south of Yal Rud are the barely discernible remains of a small way station.Type: Two two-aisled, covered halls with niches, typical of mountain caravanserails, with a single-room connecting structure. Partially built into the mountainside. ``` Dimensions: The eastern structure measures 17 x 12 m externally, the western structure 23 x 12.50 m. The ceiling height (at the apex of the dome) is 4.20 m in both structures (Fig. 159).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 94 karvansaraye rabat esh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.323379 long 56.557858 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat esh کاروانسرای رباط عشق VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat-e Eshq , karvansaraye rabat esh , Robaut-e-Aishk caravanserai, , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Eshq « Abmessungen: 55 × 53,70m Außenmaße ohne Turm-nd Portalvorsprünge. Hofabmessungen 24×23 m, Kup-eldurchmesser 7,50 m. Höhe der Hofarchitektur 7,70 m nd Höhe des Portalbaus 8,70 m (Abb. 14). [ 528 Dimensions: 55 × 53.70 m (external dimensions excluding tower and portal projections). Courtyard dimensions: 24 × 23 m, dome diameter: 7.50 m. Height of the courtyard architecture: 7.70 m, and height of the portal structure: 8.70 m (Fig. 14).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 18 ※ SOURCE for Robaut-e-Aishk caravanserai, « We hurried by this dangerous spot rapidly, and upon our guard, leaving on our left a valley of thirty miles broad stretching to the southward, until we entered a narrow stripe that conducted us, about seven in the evening, to Robaut-e-Aishk, a ruined caravanserai, situated on the slope of the right-hand hills; it is a dismal and a dangerous place, but as we had now travelled eight hours and a half, or about thirty-two miles, and as the snow continued to fall accompanied with a keen wind, we were glad to halt for awhile, and take shelter from the cold in one of its ruined archways. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 595 karvansaraye rabat khakstari : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.105124 long 59.646679 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat khakstari کاروانسرای رباط خاکستری VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat-e Khakestar , karvansaraye rabat khakstari , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Khakestar « Karavanserail Robat-e Khakestar (Taf. 15,2-15,4) (Abb. 5 und 41) (35)Lage: 17 km südlich des Karavanserails im Ort Toroq, 12 km südlich des 5 km südlich des Ortskaravanserails Toroq gelegenen Karavanserails gleichen Namens und etwa 17 km nordöstlich von Sharif Abad, in +990 m ü. N. N., an der südlichen Karawanenstraße von Neyshabur nach Mash-had.Typ: Unregelmäßiger, kuppelgewölbter Hallenbau, partiell in den Hang eingetieft. Abmessungen: Größte Ausdehnungen 32,50 × 30,20 m, Höhe des Gebäudes 6,30 m (Abb. 42).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk. Bogen und Gewölbekappen und Kuppeln aus gebrannten Ziegeln (21/21/5 cm). Banliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Auf Grund schlechter Bautechnik einsturzgefährdet, aber noch land-wirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: In qadjarischer Zeit erbaut. fn 35 Robat-e Khakestar wurde am 17. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Robat-e Khakestar Caravanserail (Plates 15.2–15.4) (Figs. 5 and 41) (35)Location: 17 km south of the caravanserail in the town of Toroq, 12 km south of the caravanserail of the same name located 5 km south of the Toroq town caravanserail, and approximately 17 km northeast of Sharif Abad, at an elevation of 990 m above sea level, on the southern caravan route from Neyshabur to Mashhad.Type: Irregular, domed hall structure, partially built into the hillside.Dimensions: Largest dimensions 32.50 × 30.20 m, building height 6.30 m (Fig. 42).Building material: Rubble masonry. Arches, vaults, and domes made of fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Notable features and condition: Due to poor construction, it is in danger of collapse, but still used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built in the Qajar period.fn 35 Robat-e Khakestar was surveyed on October 17, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 36 karvansaraye rabat yonsi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.805856 long 58.442987 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat yonsi کاروانسرای رباط یونسی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Yunesi , karvansaraye rabat yonsi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Yunesi « Karavanserail Yunesi (Abb. 5)78Lage: 37 km nördlich von Badjestan und 31 km südwestlich von Feyz Abad, an der Straße von Torbat-e Heydariyeh nach Badjestan und Tabas.Ein Karavanserail in Ziegelbauweise ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen. [Yunesi Caravanserail (Fig. 5)78Location: 37 km north of Badjestan and 31 km southwest of Feyz Abad, on the road from Torbat-e Heydariyeh to Badjestan and Tabas.A caravanserail built of brick is documented, but not surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 ※ SOURCE for karvansaraye rabat yonsi « This is a large village with a little cultivation, and plenty of good water and flocks of sheep. A Karwansurae here also gave us the first idea of approaching civilization. 29th May. From Oonshy » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 410 karvansaraye sangi rizab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.494048 long 55.043557 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Rizab Stone Caravanserai کاروانسرای سنگی ریزآب VARIANT names: Karavanserail Riz Ab , karvansaraye sangi rizab , Rezab , Rizab caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Riz Ab « Karavanserail Riz Ab (Rezab) (Taf. 10,2) (Abb. 4; 79)%Lage: 20 km nordöstlich von Shahr-e Now, 21 km südwestlich von Saghand, in +1300 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Tabas und Mashhad.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen bei unregel-mäßigem Grundriß des rückwärtigen Teils, bedingt durch die Hanglage. Im Westen und Osten sowie im Norden am ansteigenden Hang sind jüngere Räume und die Stallungen angebaut.Abmessungen: Größte Ausdehnung 38,50 × 38 m, Hof-abmessungen 16 × 10,60 m, Breite der Stallgänge je 4,10 m, Höhe der Hoffassade am Eingangsiwan 6,60 m. [Caravanserail Riz Ab (Rezab) (Plate 10.2) (Fig. 4; 79%)Location: 20 km northeast of Shahr-e Now, 21 km southwest of Saghand, at an elevation of 1300 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Yazd to Tabas and Mashhad.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and an irregular layout in the rear section, due to the hillside location. Newer buildings and stables are attached to the west, east, and north sides, which rise on the slope.Dimensions: Largest dimensions 38.50 × 38 m, courtyard dimensions 16 × 10.60 m, width of stable passages 4.10 m each, height of the courtyard facade at the entrance iwan 6.60 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 54 ※ SOURCE for Rezab « 7th June. From Sahganna to Rezab, along a narrow road winding over small hills, mountains close on our right, and to the left distant five miles; at eight miles we arrived at Rezab, a good Suraé, with grain and forage; water bad. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420 ※ SOURCE for Rizab caravanserai « After watering our horses at the spring, we went on across the same barren country. At 29 miles from Homin ee reached a caravanserai in the desert named Rizab, where there was a very small spring of brackish water. Near this place was a deserted village, which had been destroyed many years before by Biluchi marauders from Seistan. This is the furthest point to which I have heard of Biluchi raids extending, and considering the great distance from Seistan it is wonderful that their raids should extend so far. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 516 karvansaraye sarasyab shesh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: karvansaraye sarasyab shesh کاروانسرای سراسیاب شش VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207203 , karvansaraye sarasyab shesh , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207203 EAMENA-0207203 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbas Aveh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.79683 long 50.426112 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbas , کاروانسرای شاه عباس , VARIANT names: Aveh Caravanserai , beautiful caravanserai , Karavanserail Aveh , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbas Aveh , ※ SOURCE for beautiful caravanserai « Deux ou trois lieuësau de-là de Sava le pays eft affez bien cultivé, et après avoir gayé une riviere à une demi-heure de la ville, on trouve deux heures plus loin un des plus beaux Carvanferas de la Perſe, qu'on achevoit de bâtir à mon dernier voyage à Iſpahan. [Two or three leagues beyond Sava the country is quite well cultivated, and after crossing a river half an hour from the city, two hours further on one finds one of the most beautiful Carvanferas in Persia, which was being finished to be built on my last trip to Isfahan.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ pp. 66-7 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aveh « Karavanserail Aveh (Taf. 3,3), am Wege von Saveh über Delidjan nach Esfahan (Abb. 3 und 21)"Lage: Das Karavanserail steht in + 1060 m ü. N. N. auf altem Siedlungsgebiet in der Nachbarschaft eines hoch aufra-genden Tepe, 30 km südsüdöstlich von Saveh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, die die Zugänge vom Hof zu den umlaufenden Stallungen bilden, und vorge-zogenem Eingang.Abmessungen: 53 × 52 m Außenmaße, 22,20 × 22,20 m Hofmaße, 4 m Stallbreite und 17,10 m Höhe des Eingangspor-tals (Abb. 22).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel 21/21/4,5 cm.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist er-heblich zerstört, besonders im Hofbereich.Inschriften:sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau ist wahrscheinlich in safavidischerZeit errichtet worden. In der Achse des Eingangs, dem Portal gegenüber, ist ein Abanbar (Wasserreservoir) angelegt Abb. 23), von dem aber nur noch der Treppenzugang er-Kennbar ist.fn 11 Das Karavanserail wurde am 13. 3. 1972 im Grundrik und am 30. 1. 1980 in Scheinen und Ansicht vermessen, siche auch AMI NE s. [Aveh Caravanserail (Plate 3.3), on the road from Saveh via Delijan to Isfahan (Figs. 3 and 21)Location: The caravanserail stands at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level on an old settlement site near a towering tepe, 30 km south-southeast of Saveh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans providing access from the courtyard to the surrounding stables, and a projecting entrance.Dimensions: 53 × 52 m external dimensions, 22.20 × 22.20 m courtyard dimensions, 4 m stable width, and 17.10 m height of the entrance gate (Fig. 22).Building material: Fired bricks, 21/21/4.5 cm.Structural features and condition: The building is significantly damaged, especially in the Courtyard area.Inscriptions:are unknown.Dating: The building was probably erected during the Safavidperiod. In the axis of the entrance, opposite the portal, there was a reservoir (Fig. 23), of which only the stair access is still recognizable.fn 11 The caravanserai was surveyed on March 13, 1972, in plan view and elevation on January 30, 1980; see also AMI NE s.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 23 Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Anushirvan) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Ain Shirwan caravanserai , Anushirvan Caravanserai , Karavanserail Anushirvan , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Anushirvan) , Mahmoot-Alli-Beig's Caravan-sarai , ※ SOURCE for Ain Shirwan caravanserai « and made a short three hours' march to Ain Shirwan, a fine, large caravanserai of hard black stone. ... The caravanserai at Ain Shirwan was well built of huge stones, and I noticed a curious and ingenious device for keeping the massive doors either wide open or close shut, the only positions it was necessary they should assume. The upright beam on which the door swung, pivoted at top and bottom in stone sockets, instead of being placed exactly vertical, was slanting, the base being brought out about a foot from the wall. The door had thus a tendency to swing towards the stable. When open it was stopped by the wall, and when shut by a stone, placed for the purpose in the middle of the doorway. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 376-7 ※ SOURCE for Anushirvan Caravanserai « At 9 miles the fine caravansarai of 'Ain Shirvan is reached. A quarter of a mile to the E. is a small hamlet of 40 houses called Aminabad, » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 234 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Anushirvan « Karavanserail Anushirvan (Aminabad am Rundplatz, in den nördlichen Außenbezirken von Esfahan) (Abb. 12)Lage: Als stadtnahes Karavanserail sowohl am Weg nach Golpayegan als auch zum Karavanserail Gaz (Gez) an dem Weg nach Delidjan - Saveh - Qazvin, als auch über Gaz nach Natanz und über den sogenannten safavidischen Königsweg an das Kaspische Meer gelegen, in +1520 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und Portalbau. Weitere Einzelheiten sind unbekannt, da das Objekt nicht be-tretbar ist.Abmessungen: nicht bekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude befindet sich in gutem Erhaltungszustand.Inschriften: nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit, im 19. Jahrhundert, erbaut. [Anushirvan Caravanserai (Aminabad at the Circular Square, in the northern outskirts of Isfahan) (Fig. 12)Location: A caravanserai close to the city, it is located on the way to Golpayegan and the Gaz (Gez) caravanserai on the road to Delidjan-Saveh-Qazvin, as well as via Gaz to Natanz and the so-called Safavid Royal Route to the Caspian Sea, at an altitude of +1520 m above sea level.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans and a portal structure. Further details are unknown, as the building is not accessible.Dimensions: Not known.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The building is in good condition.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Probably built in the Qajar period, in the 19th century.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 42 ※ SOURCE for Mahmoot-Alli-Beig's Caravan-sarai « I came out in company with Mr. Dowglasse, my Cousin Nathanael Letter, and my Nephew Robert Hedges. Mr. Daniel Edwards (then Chief for yº Honble. Comp affaires in Persia) and Mr. Henry Lawrence (another of ye said Comp. Servants) favored us with their good company to Mahmoot-Alli-Beig's Caravan-sarai, about 2 hours' riding from Julfa. Divers French Protestants (Servants to ye King of Persia) obliged us likewise to [? let them] come with us to this place, viz., Monser. Sein, M. Letuall, M. Varein, M. Jurt, M. Pere Grange, M. de Fino, M. Teudor, and one Frenchman more, whose name I cannot call to mind » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213 Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Bideli) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 35.522907 long 50.34584 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: No visible sign of a caravanserai although this location listed as RHSE in NIMA/GNS data. So far have been unable to match overlay of Kleiss figure Abb. 30 (on page 26 Tiel 2) with any existing buildings and no sign of towers. NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Bideli) , Robat Bidkenar , ※ SOURCE for Robat Bidkenar « Robat Bidkenar (Taf. 5,2 und 5,3), östlich vom Karavanse-vail Hedjib (Abb. 3 und 30) (17)Lage: Die Ruine liegt an einer Ost-West-Verbindung aus der Gegend südlich von Teheran mit dem mittelalterlichen Reyy nach Kharaqan, Soltaniyeh und Zandjan, etwa 15 km östlich Hedjib.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und großen, runden Eckturmräumen, sowie vorspringendem Portal.Abmessungen: 45 × 38 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm- und Portalvorsprünge), etwa 28 x 19 m Hofabmessungen, rekonstruierte Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 7 m (Abb. 30).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk mit Kalkmörtel-verbindung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Ruine ist sehr stark zerstört, der östliche Gebäudeteil vollständig. Der Pfeiler vom Portalbau ist noch bis zum Bogenansatz etwa 4,80 m hoch erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.fn 17 Die Ruine wurde am 30. 9. 1979 vermessen und die Umgebung begangen. [ 893 Robat Bidkenar (Plates 5.2 and 5.3), east of the Hedjib Caravanserai (Figs. 3 and 30) (17)Location: The ruin lies on an east-west road leading from the area south of Tehran, with medieval Reyy, to Kharaqan, Soltaniyeh, and Zanjan, approximately 15 km east of Hedjib.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans and large, round corner tower rooms, as well as a projecting portal.Dimensions: 45 × 38 m external dimensions (excluding tower and portal projections), approximately 28 × 19 m courtyard dimensions, reconstructed height of the portal structure approximately 7 m (Fig. 30).Building material: Rubble masonry with lime mortar joints.Structural features and condition: The ruin is very badly damaged; the eastern part of the building is complete. The pillar of the portal structure is still preserved to a height of approximately 4.80 m up to the base of the arch.Inscriptions: none are known.fn 17 The ruin was surveyed and the surrounding area inspected on September 30, 1979.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 26 Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Emamiyeh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: NIMA/GNS data coordinates corrected VARIANT names: Karavanserail Emamiyeh , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Emamiyeh) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Emamiyeh « Karavanserail Emamiyeh (Abb. 4 und 66) (57)Lage: 14km südöstlich des Karavanserails Gilak, an der Straße Tabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin, 86km nordwestlich von Mianeh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und nischenarti-gen Räumen, die um den Hof angeordnet sind. Im Inneren des Karavanserails langgestreckte Stallungen (Taf. 4,3).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 43,50 × 42,00 m, Hofmaße etwa 19,80 × 19,10 m, Weite der tonnengewölbten Stallungen 4,20 bis 4,70 m. Mauerstärke 1,00 bis 1,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Ziegelmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist sehr stark zerstört, eine Höhenentwicklung war nicht mehr meß-bar.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch. fn 57 Das Karavanserail wurde am 1. 5. 1976 vermessen. [Emamiyeh Caravanserail (Figs. 4 and 66) (57)Location: 14 km southeast of the Gilak Caravanserail, on the Tabriz-Zandjan-Qazvin road, 86 km northwest of Mianeh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and niche-like rooms arranged around the courtyard. Inside the caravanserail are elongated stables (Plate 4.3).Dimensions: External dimensions 43.50 × 42.00 m, courtyard dimensions approximately 19.80 × 19.10 m, width of the barrel-vaulted stables 4.20 to 4.70 m. Wall thickness 1.00 to 1.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone and brickwork.Structural features and condition: The structure is severely damaged; its height could no longer be measured.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Probably Safavid.fn 57 The caravanserail was surveyed on May 1, 1976.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 44 Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Karvansara) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bog ? , Caravanserai/Khan - 0232038 , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Karvansara) , karvansaraye shah ebasi arak , ※ SOURCE for Bog ? « December 25. We rose from Mecliana and lay at Bog: 6 houres. A good large Caravansarai, and y best water I have drank in Persia. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 214 ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0232038 EAMENA-0232038 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for karvansaraye shah ebasi arak Shah Abbasi Caravanserai of Arak کاروانسرای شاه عباسی اراک Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi `Abbasabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Abbasabad Cupanan , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi `Abbasabad , Tange'goraz Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Abbasabad Cupanan « Karavanserail Abbasabad Cupanan (Chupanan) (Taf. 30,3) (Abb. 12; 251)Lage: Etwa 30 km (direkter Weg) östlich von Mashad-djarreh und 60-70 km westlich von Bayaziyeh, einem alten Karawanenort (ältere Imamzadehs), in +990 m ü.N.N., am Abzweig eines Weges über Djandaq und Torud nach Shahrud und Khorassan vom Weg über Bayaziyeh und Robat-e Posht [Caravanserail Abbasabad Cupanan (Chupanan) (Plate 30.3) (Figs. 12; 251)Location: Approximately 30 km (direct route) east of Mashad-djarreh and 60-70 km west of Bayaziyeh, an old caravan site (older Imamzadehs), at an elevation of 990 m above sea level, at the junction of a route via Djandaq and Torud to Shahrud and Khorasan and the route via Bayaziyeh and Robat-e Posht.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 128 ※ SOURCE for Tange'goraz Caravanserai « karvansaraye tang geraz کاروانسرای تنگ گراز » Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi Hijab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Hetzib Caravansera , Idqioup caravanserai , Karavanserail Hedjib , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi Hijab , Zioug caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Hetzib Caravansera « Ian. 9. having travell'd about three leagues, neer an old uncover'd Caravansera, named Hetzib, we met with a Lord whom the King of Poland sent Ambassador to the King of Persia. His name was Theophilus de Schonberg, a person, though well advanc'd in years, of a very good countenance. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 286 ※ SOURCE for Idqioup caravanserai « De Sexava aprés ſept heures de marche en pays defert on vient à un grand Carvanſera appelle Idqioup, qui a eſté autre-fois plus beau qu'il n'eſt à preſent, et qu'on voit feul dans une campagne. [From Sexava after seven hours of walking in defert country one comes to a great Carvansera called Idqioup, which was formerly more beautiful than it is now, and which can be seen alone in a countryside.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hedjib « Abmessungen: 77 x 77 m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvor-sprung), 45 × 42 m Abmessung des Hofes, 4,50 m Stallbreite, 9 m Kuppeldurchmesser (Abb.11), Fassadenhöhe 10 m (Abb. 12), Mauerstärke 1,20 m. [Dimensions: 77 x 77 m external dimensions (excluding portal projection), 45 × 42 m courtyard dimensions, 4.50 m stable width, 9 m dome diameter (Fig. 11), facade height 10 m (Fig. 12), wall thickness 1.20 m.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 16 ※ SOURCE for Zioug caravanserai « nous marchames douze heures toûjours par de petites Montagnes couvertes de neges, et nous traverſames plufieurs fois un ruiffeau qui fer-pente beaucoup. On logea aprés dans un affez beau Caravanſerail qui tombe en ruine nommé Zioug. Il n'y a aucunes maiſons ay Villages aux environs, et il n'y habite perſonne, ce qui fait que l'on n'y trouve quoyque ce ſoit, pas même du bois. [We walked for twelve hours, always through small, snow-covered mountains, and we crossed several times a stream with a steep drop. Afterwards, we lodged in a rather beautiful caravanserai, now falling into ruin, called Zioug. There are no houses in the surrounding villages, and no one lives there, so one can find nothing at all, not even wood.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 63 Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Allahabad) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Allahabad , کاروانسرای الله آباد , VARIANT names: Illababad caravanserai , Illahabad , Karavanserail Elahabad , Karvansara-ye Allahabad , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Allahabad) , ※ SOURCE for Illababad caravanserai « I started in tho afternoon : the barrenness of the land got worse and worse, the whole country between Sukand and Tabbas can only be described as a terrible desert. At the end of 14 miles there is a fine caravanserai and a ruined village called Illahabad, which had been plundered and burnt by Biluchis t~vcnty-five years ago. Sear the village there is a little tamarisk scrub, and the eye is delighted with the sight of the green. There is a well of water at Illahabad, but it is very deep a11d the water very brackish nrl~en obtained, so it is never used by travellers. Sometimes camels and sheep are brought here to graze, but at present they have all been driven away to places nrl~ere there are forts, for fear of the Bilnchis. Soon after passing Illahabad a snlall » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 517 ※ SOURCE for Illahabad « 5th June. Our march this day was southerl, with a gentle ascent; at five miles a stream of water. In the evening we halted at Illahabad, fourteen miles from Pooshté Baddam; this village is situated in the desert, has a new Suraé, and supplies are procurable. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Elahabad « Karavanserail Elahabad (Alahabad) (Taf. 11,1-4) (Abb. 4; 82)38Lage: 25 km nordöstlich Saghand, 42 km südwestlich von Robat Posht-e Badam, in + 1060 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Tabas und Mashhad. Am Ort liegt östlich des Karavanserails eine mittelalterliche Burg und südlich davon zwei große Zisternen und kleinere, stark zerstörte Ruinen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier verkürzten Iwanen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und runden Ecktürmen. Der Bau hat drei Stallabteilungen (Abb. 83).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 60,50 × 45 m, Hofabmessungen 34 × 25,70 m, Stallgangbreite 4 m, Durchmesser der Kuppel über dem Eingang 5,90 m, Fassadenhöhe 6,40 m (Abb. 84). [Elahabad Caravanserai (Alahabad) (Plate 11.1-4) (Figs. 4; 82)38Location: 25 km northeast of Saghand, 42 km southwest of Robat Posht-e Badam, at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Tabas and Mashhad. A medieval castle lies to the east of the caravanserai, and two large cisterns and smaller, heavily damaged ruins are located to the south.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four shortened iwans, a dome over the entrance, and round corner towers. The building has three stable sections (Fig. 83).Dimensions: External dimensions 60.50 × 45 m, courtyard dimensions 34 × 25.70 m, stable passage width 4 m, diameter of the dome above the entrance 5.90 m, facade height 6.40 m (Fig. 84).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 57 ※ SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Allahabad) « Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi » in {map#376 in SERIES 1501 AIR SHEET National Imagery and Mapping Agency fig. Kavir-e Dar Anjir, Iran NI 40-13} Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Aqa Jamali) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Aga-Djehmal , Agha Jamal , Ahaſimaal , Borka Aga Sjouwmaat , Caravansera near a little Village , caravanserai Hajamal , Hajamak , Hajamal sarai , Karavanserail Hadji Agha Djamal , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Aqa Jamali) , KM088 (Gaube) , ※ SOURCE for Aga-Djehmal « Une route caillouteuse nous amène au pied d'une petite colline; au revers est bâti le caravansérail d'Aga-Djehmal, dont les murs commencent à s'écroulér. [A stony road takes us to the foot of a small hill; on the reverse side is built the caravanserai of Aga-Djehmal, whose walls are beginning to collapse.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 428 ※ SOURCE for Agha Jamal « Persian text omitted. [They leave Sartang and go to Agha Jamal, the distance is three farsakhs. The road is smooth. They go half a farsakh from the slope of the mountain on the right side. After both sides of the mountain road, there is an illegible word at a long distance. In Agha Jamal, there is a caravanserai and a pond, and there is no settlement. You have to cross two rivers on the way.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 581 ※ SOURCE for Ahaſimaal « Den 24. dito trokken wy voorby 3 Karrawanſera's, Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, en Sertang genaamd, hebbende elendige huis-veſting. [On the 24th we passed by three Karrawanſeras, called Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, and Sertang, who had miserable housing.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Borka Aga Sjouwmaat Den 6. dito na 4 mylen ruim rydens, in 't dorp Goermoet, en na nog een myl, 's middags in de Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat. [On the 6th, after 4 miles, in the village of Goermoet, and after another mile, in the afternoon in the Karrawaanſera Borka Aga Sjouwmaat.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Caravansera near a little Village « I travell'd that day 14. Leagues to a Caravansera near a little Village. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 5 ※ SOURCE for Hajamak «088 (km) | Sarai (Thévenot) | Hajamak (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Hajamal sarai « The stream Hajamal, on the west side of the ravine, runs between steep gravel banks to southward, and is here 30 yards in breadth. At 4½ miles we cross the Hajamal, banks shelving at point of crossing; the bed, which is very stony, and about 120 yards broad, contains only salt water in pools. The nearer or northern banks are lined with tamarisk bush. The stream then runs on the east side, and out of sight of the road, between high cliff-like banks. Five hundred yards after crossing the stream, we pass a large cistern, full of good water, and a caravanserai containing 24 lower rooms. Having left this caravanserai, which is called "Hajamal," the road, still passing through the ravine, is very stony, and goes, up and down, between low gravelly hills. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 28 « Hajamal » in {map#1241 in #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ fig. 'Skecth Map to Illustrate Report of Mr. Butcher's Survey from Bushire to Bandar-Abbas During 1888} « The road now traverses a series of ravines, with high banks, which are constantly crossed and recrossed. At 11 ¼ miles the large caravansarai of Hajamal is passed. Water from a cistern. Grazing fair. Fuel from scrub. Supplies nil. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 168 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hadji Agha Djamal « Karavanserail Hadji Agha Djamal (Abb. 5; 264) (184)Lage: 7 km südöstlich von Hormud-e Abbasi, 24 km nordwestlich Tang-e Dalan (Provinz Hormozgan) und 6 km nordwestlich der Station Sar-e Tang (Provinz Hormozgan). Hadji Agha Djamal ist in +420 m ü. N. N. der Grenzort an der Provinzgrenze von Fars und Hormozgan, an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vorgezogenem, turmartigem Portalbau und Stall an der Westseite (Abb. 265). Abmessungen: 30,40 × 26,50 m ohne Portalbau-Vor- sprung, Hofabmessungen 17 x 17m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 4,60 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 6,80 m (Abb. 266).[Karavanserail Hadji Agha Djamal (Fig. 5; 264) (184) Location: 7 km southeast of Hormud-e Abbasi, 24 km northwest of Tang-e Dalan (Hormozgan Province) and 6 km northwest of Sar-e Tang station (Hormozgan Province) . Hadji Agha Djamal is at +420 m above sea level. N. N. the border town on the provincial border of Fars and Hormozgan, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. Type: Court caravan serail with four iwans, an advanced, tower-like portal structure and a stable on the west side (Fig. 265). Dimensions: 30.40 × 26.50 m without portal construction projection, courtyard dimensions 17 x 17m, height of the courtyard facades 4.60 m, height of the portal construction 6.80 m (Fig. 266). ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 144 ※ SOURCE for KM088 (Gaube) « KM 088: Nordwestlich der letztgenannten Station läuft die Straße durch eine weite Ebene. Hier wird der Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Etappenpunkten größer und Hofbauten des Typs der Anlage KM 000 ersetzen mehr und mehr die Bauten des Cahär-Täq-Typs. Der erste Karvansarai (Fig. 9) mit einer Zisterne mißt ca. 27 mx30 m und hat auf jeder Hofseite funf zum Hof hin über ihre ganze Breite offene Räume. Die in den Gebäudeachsen liegenden Räume sind breiter als die übrigen. Alle, auch die Eckräume, sind durch Tonnengewölbe bedeckt. Entlang der Südwestseite des Karvansarais erstreckt sich ein langer, tonnenbedeckter Raum (Stall). [KM 088: Northwest of the latter station the road runs through a wide plain. Here the distance between the individual stage points becomes larger and farm buildings of the KM 000 type are increasingly replacing the buildings of the Cahär-Täq type. The first Karvansarai (Fig. 9) with a cistern measures approx. 27 mx30 m and has five rooms on each side of the courtyard that are open across their entire width towards the courtyard. The rooms on the building axes are wider than the others. All rooms, including the corner rooms, are covered by barrel vaults. A long, barrel-covered room (stable) stretches along the southwest side of the Karvansarais.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 44 Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Chah Talkh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Cah-i Talkh , Caravanfera Schathalgh , Caravansera , Chah-i-Talkh , Chah-talk , Chah-Talkh karavansaray , Chakal , Chatalk , Chatalkee , Chawtalk , Chiatel , Chisalk , Ciartalk , K. Tsjai Talg , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Chah Talkh) , Saithal , Satalck , Satalk , Sjatallig , Sjattalgh , Tcha-Talk , Tchatar , Tʃchai-telhb , Ziatalle , ※ SOURCE for Cah-i Talkh « Cah-i Talkh » in Map 1. The routes from Shiraz to the Gulf via Lår (1638-1706). (After Jacqueline Calmard, Les routes de Chiraz au Golfe Persique.) #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 5 p. 666 ※ SOURCE for Caravanfera Schathalgh « 17 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « The five dayes following were the most troublesome of all my life. For the eighth of February, we got but five Leagues, through the most horrid way in the world. I cannot imagine how people made a shift to travel that way, before Imanculi Chan (of whom somewhat hath been said elsewhere, who was so cruelly put to death with all his children, by Schach Sefi) caus'd it to be repaired, with incredible expence, when at this day a man cannot pass, but in great danger of his life, by reason of the uneven and narrow wayes, between steepy mountains on the one side, and dreadful precipices on the other; where I very narrowly avoided a mis-fortune, which happens there very often. For my Horse's hoof, which I was leading by the bridle, being fill'd with snow, he stumbled upon me, forc'd me out of the way, so as that had I not caught hold of a wild Almond tree, which happened to be there, as it were by miracle, I had there ended both my travel and life, in the precipices. I lodg'd at night in a Caravansera, where I had a house over my head; but that was all, for there was neither provender for my horses, nor any thing for my self and my servants to eat. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4 ※ SOURCE for Chah-i-Talkh « (23) Chah-i-Talkh 5 farsakhs. A caravansarai. Bad road. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes ※ SOURCE for Chah-talk « Das Karavanserail Chah-talk wird von allen Reisenden erwähnt, die nach 1674 die Route begingen, und wird daher erst in dieser Zeit entstanden sein, in der Zeit davor scheint sich hier nur ein Rahdar-Posten befunden zu haben (36). Zwischen Cah-Talk und Djahrom no- tiert Tavernier noch eine hohe Brücke mit einem Bogen, welche er als das Werk des Imam Kuli Khan bezeichnet (37).fn. 36 Fryer15 200. fn. 37 Tavernier24 323: „... on trouve un pont merveil- leux d'une seule arcade qui prend d'une montagne à l'autre c'est des plus memorables ouvrages d'Imam Kuli Khan...". [The Chah-talk caravanserail is mentioned by all travellers who travelled the route after 1674 and therefore only came into being at this time; before that there seems to have been only a Rahdar post here (36). Between Cah-Talk and Djahrom Tavernier notes a high bridge with an arch, which he describes as the work of Imam Kuli Khan (37). fn. 36 Fryer15 200. fn. 37 Tavernier24 323: "... we find a wonderful bridge with a single arch which stretches over a mountain, among the other most memorable works of Imam Kuli Khan...".] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 295-6 ※ SOURCE for Chah-Talkh karavansaray « From Jahrum to the karavansaray of Chah-Talkh, which was the first stop, it was six farsakhs. Speelman considered Chah-Talkh had been correctly named, for it was a bad, dilapidated place that was indeed a "bitter well". Thevenot, however, averred that the ChahTalkh karavansaray was small and good, standing isolated in a valley, near to which were two cisterns, one covered with a dome and the other with a pitched roof. The well near the karavansaray was bitter, hence the locality's name. Tavernier confirms this and adds that the place abounded with bitter almond and turpentine trees. There were also rähdärs who offered deer for eating, since there were many of these. The area also abounded with partridges as big as chickens. Hedges recorded that it had a spacious karavansaray with plenty of good, fresh water and provisions, but Chardin considered it a miserable place with bad water. Rich people, he wrote, took sweet water with them in goatskins or large copper flasks, in which the water remained cool. Next to the karavansaray was another one, which was partly in ruins in 1685. According to Fryer, the karavansaray was a new and ample one, with a new cistern with only slightly bitter water. It had two new and two old cisterns in 1691. LeBrun wrote that the karavansaray was a comfortable one.(93) fn. 93 Valentijn, vol. V, pp. 263-4 (Saithal; Satalk); Fryer, vol. II, p. 201 (Chawtalk); Winninx, 17 July (Schathalgh); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, pp. 115-6 (Tsjai Talg); Thevenot, vol. II, p. 129 (Tschai-telkh); Speelman, p. 63, who also men- tions the road protection at Sjatallig, and p. 65; ?? 1793, fol. 991 (Sjattalgh); Tavernier, pp. 315-16 (Chakal); Hedges, p. 206 (Chatalkee); Chardin, vol. VIII, pp. 468-9 (Chatalk); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 315 (Ziatalk). Membré in 1540 wrote that from Lar people carried water in skins on donkeys. Membré, p. 47; Carmelites, loc. cit. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, p. 77 Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ ※ SOURCE for Chakal « A huit heures du matin j'arrivai à un carvansera appelé Chakal, ... Il ya à Chakal neuf ou dix radars pour la garde des chemins, et qui sont aussi maîtres du carvansera. Dès qu'on est arrivé ils vous demandent si vous voulez manger du chevreuil, étant sûrs de leur coup et n'ayant qu'à aller dans la montagne qui en est pleine. [At eight o'clock in the morning I arrived at a carvansera called Chakal, ... There are nine or ten radars in Chakal for guarding the paths, and which are also masters of the carvansera. As soon as you arrive they ask you if you want to eat venison, being sure of their choice and having only to go to the mountain which is full of it.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Chatalk(Arch. Site) « Chatalk » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} « On trouve au sommet de la montagne trois citernes, mais qui, la plupart du temps, sont desséchées et sans eau. La descente jusqu'à la traite est le plus rude chemin que j'aie jamais vu, étant comme semé de grosses pierres et de rochers, où les chevaux ne sauroient mettre un pied droit devant l'autre. Le gite est aussi fort mauvais entre des montagnes, dans des caravanserais, près desquels il n'y a ni habitation ni verdure. On les appelle Chatalk (*), c'est-à-dire, puits d'eau amère, de la qualité de l'eau de puits, dont l'on est contraint de se servir, lorsque celle des citernes est tarie.fn. (*) Lisez tchah-talkh. Il n'y avoit pas long-temps que ce kara- vånseray étoit achevé quand Fryer y passa, au mois de juillet 1676-7. Le pieux fondateur de cet établissement avoit dépensé des sonumes considérables pour le fournir d'eau douce qu'on y apportoit d'assez loin pour la consommation des voyageurs. Les animaux bu- voient de l'eau du puits saumâtre. A new account of East India and Persia., pag. 241. (L-s.) [There are three cisterns at the top of the mountain, but most of the time they are dry and without water. The descent to the milking point is the roughest path I have ever seen, being strewn with large stones and rocks, where the horses would not be able to put one foot straight in front of the other. The accommodation is also very poor between mountains, in caravanserais, near which there is neither habitation nor greenery. They are called Chatalk (*), that is to say, bitter water wells, of the quality of well water, which we are forced to use when that of the cisterns is dried up. fn. (*) Read chah-talkh. This karavånseray had not long been completed when Fryer passed through it, in July 1676-7. The pious founder of this establishment had spent considerable sums to provide it with fresh water which was brought from quite a distance for the consumption of travelers. The animals drink water from the brackish well. A new account of East India and Persia., pag. 241. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 467-8 ※ SOURCE for Chatalkee « August 18.-We rose from Mowueseer and lodged at Chatalkee, a spacious Caravan-Sarai, with plenty of good fresh water and provisions. »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206 ※ SOURCE for Chawtalk « And as a Boundary thereto, is opposed the steepest Hill we have yet met with, insomuch that we found it a notable Task to gain the Top by the Morning of the following Day, contenting our selves to sit down at Chawtalk (2), but Nine Miles from Bonaru, being advised of a more troublesome Day's Journy the Munsel after this; not so difficult for Access as this, but a more continued Labour by the multitude of Mountains we were to Master ... Chawtalk, (by the most valuable Munificence of the Benefactor, yet living to Oversee this good Deed corn- pleated) is a noble new Caravan, an Ample and Princely Building: Near to it was, not long since, only a Well of Bitter Water, which gives Name to the Place; but by the Cost and Inquest of this Pious Benefactor, Sweeter Waters are at tfiis time produced, something more remote, for Men to Drink, though the Cattel refuse not generally the other. fn. 2 Pers. Chah-talkh, "bitter well," on the western of the two avail- able routes from Juwun to Jahrum, which is stony, hilly, and exposed to raids (Wilson, 162). Hedges (Diary, i, 206) calls it Chatalkee, "a spacious Caravan-Sarai, with plenty of good fresh water and pro- visions." » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 pp. 200-1 ※ SOURCE for Chiatel « Having mounted at the 22nd hour of the 14th, we traveled through mountains where we began to find woods and thorn trees. At the 24th hour we ate on another mountain near a stream and continued until midnight, when we took shelter in a halfdestroyed caravanserai called Chiatal, inside which they sold food, as in the last one. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 295 ※ SOURCE for Chisalk « 25th [February). Att 4 Evening sett out for Chisalk, 6 farsangs; very bad way, all hills, called the hills of Jaroone. In abundance of places was forced to gett of [f] our horses and walk on foot, and in some places the way not above a foot wide upon the eidge of a heigh mountain. About the middle of the way is [a] bridge joyneing one mountain to another Arrived at our stage about 10 at night. Chitalk a good Caravensaroy but near no village. note: Diary of 25 February 1707/8. Chisalk. Chah Talkh; Pers. chah-i-talkh, bitter well. See Fryer, II, 200, 1. 2 and 201. It is the Tchai-telkh of Thévenot (Pt. II, 129), "that is to say bitter well, because of a well not far from that Karvanseray where the water is bitter." Le Bruyn calk the place Ziatalle (II, 67) and says that the inn was a "Beautiful stone building and very commodious for travellers." A bridge joyneing one mountain to another. Fryer (II, 202) remarks of these mountains that their "Clifts could never be gained, had they not been joined together by rast Arches from Rock to Rock, their dismal Pits otherwise being rendred impassable." » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48 ※ SOURCE for Ciartalk « Di buon'ora il Lunedi 27. ripigliammo il cammino e paſſate appena 5. miglia di pianura, cominciammo a falire e fcendere per precipitevoli montagne, per lo ſpazio di 20, miglia, fino al Karvanferà di Ciartalk. [Early on Monday the 27th we resumed our journey and having passed just 5 miles across the plain, we began to tread and descend steep mountains, for the space of 20 miles, up to the Karvanferà of Ciartalk.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.268 ※ SOURCE for K. Tsjai Talg « den 14. Dez. Über das Djaromsche Gebirge bis zur Karawanserei Tsjai Talg 6 Farsach [December 14th. Over the Djarom Mountains to the caravanserai Tsjai Talg 6 Farsach, ] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 115 ※ SOURCE for Saithal « Op deze wildernis vind men nog eenige watertanken met goed water voorzien. Wy quamen dan eindelyk ontrent een uur na de middag (zoo wy giften) op den 14. Saithal, dito tot Saithal in een goede Karrawan- fera, leggende in een Valey, niet verre van 't voornoemd gebergte. Hier heeft men z nieuwe en verſcheide oude Tanken, ook cen vervallene Karrawanfera. [In this wilderness you will find some water tanks with good water supply. We finally arrived about an hour after noon (as we thought) on the 14th Saithal, ditto to Saithal in a good Karrawanfera, laying in a valley, not far from the aforementioned mountains. Here one has new and several old tanks, as well as a dilapidated Karrawanfera.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 264 « After the Jahrom Mountain, which had three cisterns on top, though these were most of the time empty according to Chardin, the traveler had to pass two others, one of which was equipped with a cistern. From Jahrum to caravanserai Chah-Talkh, which was the first stop, was 6 farsakh. Speelman considered Chah-Talkh had been correctly named, for it was a bad, dilapidated place that indeed had a bitter well. Thevenot, however, submits that the caravanserai Chah- Talkh was small and good, standing all alone in a valley, near to which were two cisterns, one covered with a dome, the other with a steep roof. The well near the caravanserai was bitter, hence the name. Tavernier confirms this and adds that the place abounded with bitter almond and turpentine trees (Pistacia terebinthus). There were rahdars who offered deer for a meal, of which there were many. The area also abounded with partridges as big as chickens. Hedges recorded that it had a spacious caravanserai with plenty of good fresh water and provisions, but Chardin called it a miserable place as was its water. Rich people, he wrote, took sweet water with them in goatskins or large copper flasks, in which the water remained cool. Next to the caravanserai was another one, which was partly in ruins in 1685. Fryer reported that the caravanserai was a new and an ample one, with a new cistern with not so bitter water. It had two new and two old cisterns in 1691. LeBrun wrote that the caravanserai was a comfortable one. (93) fn. Winninx, July 17 (Schathalgh); Kaempfer 1968, pp. 115-6 (Tsjai Talg); Thevenot 1971, vol. 2, p. 129 (Tschai-telkh); Speelman 1908, p. 63, who also mentions the road protection at Sjatallig. Ibid., p. 65; KA 1793, f. 991 (Sjattalgh); Tavernier 1930, pp. 315-6 (Chakal); Hedges 1967, p. 206 (Chatalkee); Chardin 1811, vol. 8, pp. 468-69 (Chatalk); LeBrun 1718, vol. 2, p. 315 (Ziatalk). Membré in 1540 wrote that as of Lar people carried water in skins on donkeys. Membré 1993, p. 47; Anonymous 1939, vol. 1, p. 219, note. » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 273 ※ SOURCE for Satalck « Durch Satalck, Deku, Schirafir, und andere gemeine Flecken und Städtgen kamen wir gegen den 7. Octobris zu Lar an. [Through Satalck, Deku, Shirafir, and other small towns and villages, we arrived at Lar about the 7th of October.] » #1609 Schillinger, Franz Caspar, Persianische und Ost-Indianische Reis, Nu¨rnberg, 1707 ~ p. 265 « SCHILLINGER (1700) | Satalck LEBRUN (1705) | Ziatalle WILSON (1908) | Chah-Talk » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ table p. 14 ※ SOURCE for Satalk « Den 25. dito 's morgens met zons opgang quam zyn Ed:, myl gereden hebbende, aan den berg Hoffenni, den welken zyn Ed: met zyn gevolg te voet opgaan moest, alzoo het te peerd niet, dan met het uiterſte gevaar, te doen was; en quam, na nog z mylen verder geraakt te zyn, in de Karrawaanſera Satalk. [On the 25th of this month, at sunrise, his son, having ridden with him, arrived at Mount Hoffenni, which his son, with his retinue, had to ascend on foot, as it was impossible to do so on horseback, except at the utmost risk; and, after having proceeded a good many miles further, he arrived in the Karrawaanſera Satalk.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 25. dito, na 6 mylen over den berg Jarôn gereden te hebben, in de Karrawaanſera Satalk. [On the 25th, after having ridden 6 miles over Mount Jarôn, in the Karrawaanſera Satalk.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Sjatallig « Den 30sten dito naer gewoonte 's mergens heel vroegh pakten op ende reysden weder voort en dus vier mijlen sonder yets besonders in den wegh t'ontmoeten quamen ontrent 10 uuren voormiddagh in de sera of rustplaets Sjatallig (1), een slegt, out vervallen nest en dat om de woeste plaets daar 't legt nu met regt de naem van bittere putt, gelijk Sja-talligh verduytst in onse tael betekent, dragen magh.fn. 1 Tjah talg bittere (water)put. De Simla kaart heeft Chahtalk.... In plaats van deze kleinealleenstaande karavanserai vindt Fryer er een nieuwe gebouwd, anAmple and Princely Building", die ook door de Bruyn met lof vermeldwordt (Zja talle). Dupré vindt beide karav. nog tegenover elkanderstaande, maar de oudste was geheel vervallen.tioned the stream of living water at Tangedelon), and so [On the 30th ditto, as usual, we picked up very early and traveled on again and so four miles without anything special in the way, we met around 10 o'clock in the morning in the sera or resting place Shabby (1), a poor, out of ruins nest and that because of the desolate place where it lies, it can now rightly bear the name of bitter putt, as Sja-talligh means in our language. fn. 1 Well talg bitter (water) well. The Simla card has Chahtalk. ... Instead of this small, isolated caravanserai, Fryer finds a new one built, an Ample and Princely Building", which is also mentioned with praise by de Bruyn (Zja talle). Dupré finds both caravans still opposite each other, but the oldest was completely dilapidated] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 63 ※ SOURCE for Sjattalgh « ... ; ?? 1793, fol. 991 (Sjattalgh); ... » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 84 f.n.93 ※ SOURCE for Tcha-Talk « Après une heure de marche, encore dans une route unie, on trouve deux caravan- sérails, l'un vis-à-vis de l'autre, presque au fond de la vallée. Cet endroit a pris le nom de Tcha-Talk ou double pierre. Le premier caravansérail ne semble qu'un amas de dé- combres, et il n'y a plus qu'une aîle du se- cond, où nous passâmes la nuit. Auprès sont trois citernes de forme circulaire, dont deux seulement étaient pleines d'eau. La vallée a son débouché vers le nord-ouest. [After an hour's walk, still on a level road, we find two caravanserais, one opposite the other, almost at the bottom of the valley. This place has taken the name of Tcha-Talk or double stone. The first caravanserai seems only a pile of rubble, and there is only one wing of the second, where we spent the night. Nearby are three cisterns of circular shape, of which only two were full of water. The valley has its outlet towards the northwest.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 451 ※ SOURCE for Tchatar « 9 fevrier. Même direction. En sortant de la ville, je trouvai encore quelques ruines du caravansérail dont parle Chardin, et à côté un nouveau.Après avoir traversé le Kou-Albourt par une route fort difficile et fort escarpée, nous arrivons au caravansérail isolé de Tchatar, de l'autre côté. de la montagne. [February 9. Same direction. On leaving the town, I found some more ruins of the caravanserai of which Chardin speaks, and next to it a new one.After crossing the Kou-Albourt by a very difficult and steep road, we arrive at the isolated caravanserai of Tchatar, on the other side. of the mountain. ] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 524 ※ SOURCE for Tʃchai-telhb « we came to a little Kervanʃeray ſtanding all alone, near to which are two Ciſterns, the one covered with a Dome, three or four Fathom in Diametre, wherein there are three Doors, and as many Windows; the other has a fleep Roof: this place is called Tʃchai-telbb, (that is to lay) bitter Well, becauſe of a Well not far from that Kervanʃeray whole water is bitter. There is befides, another Well behind the Kervanʃeray, but it is dry, and this place is fix Agatfch from Dgiarenn.we came to a little Kervanʃeray ſtanding all alone, near to which are two Cifterns, the one covered with a Dome, three or four Fathom in Diametre, wherein there are three Doors, and as many Windows; the other has a fleep Roof: this place is called Tʃchai-telbb, (that is to lay) bitter Well, becauſe of a Well not far from that Kervanʃeray whole water is bitter. There is befides, another Well behind the Kervanʃeray, but it is dry, and this place is fix Agatſch from Dgiarenn. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 129 ※ SOURCE for Ziatalle « Il étoit 9 heures avant que nous eusfions traverſé la montagne,nous arrivåmes une heure après au Caravanserai de Ziatalle, beau bâtiment iment de pierre, trèscommode pour les voyageurs,fitué dans une plaine bordée de montagnes, à 5. lieuës de l'endroit où nous avions paflé la nuit. [It was 9 o'clock before we crossed the mountain, we arrived an hour later at the Caravanserai of Ziatalle, a beautiful stone building, very convenient for travelers, located in a plain bordered by mountains, 5 leagues from the place where we had wandered around all night.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 315 Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Dehidombe) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: GNS data 28.1705, 53.9624,Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi,RHSE, coordinates corrected by 275m heading 190° VARIANT names: caravanserai being built (Rebelo) , Deadumbae , Dedomba , Dedomba , Dedombe , Dehdombeh , Deh-e dombeh (Dehidombe) , Dehidombe , Dehidounbah , Detadombé , Dom-banje , dorp Dedombaj , dorp Dedombaj , Karawanserei Dombä , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Dehidombe) , Teduba , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai being built (Rebelo) « Ayant repris la route le lendemain, nous nous trouvâmes à l'heure du repas en un lieu où l'on construisait un somptueux caravansérail, sur l'ordre d'un certain Cambarabeque, Gouverneur de Lara. Nous pûmes y acheter les meilleures pastèques ou melons d'eau que j'ai jamais vues, tant pour leur taille que pour leur qualité et leur goût très sucré, si bien que j'eus l'idée d'en conserver les pépins pour les semer au Portugal. [Having returned to the road the next day, we found ourselves at mealtime in a place where a sumptuous caravanserai was being built, on the orders of a certain Cambarabeque, Governor of Lara. There we were able to buy the best watermelons or watermelons I have ever seen, both for their size and for their quality and their very sweet taste, so much so that I had the idea of ??saving the seeds for sow in Portugal.] » #3268 Joaquim Verissimo Serrao, Un Voyageur Portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle Nicolau De Orta Rebelo, Comité National Portugais, Lisbonne, 1972 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Deadumbae « Coming down from the mountain on the 13th, we entered a beautiful plain. We stopped to eat in a caravanserai that is called Deadumbae, like the town. Then, always in a plain, we continued the trip until the 8th hour of the night. We took shelter in a caravanserai called Mauser, where the jurisdiction of Shiraz begins.(22) fn. 22. I have not been able to identify the presentday name of Bembo's "Deadumbae." "Mauser" may be Mansurabad. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 295 ※ SOURCE for Dedomba « Weynigh voorbij 't dorpken Dedomba (1), dat niet boven 14 à 15 huysen heeft fn. 1 Thévenot schrijft het, waarschijnlijk juister, Deh-i-Dombé. Taver- nier maakt melding van het kasteeltje, dat de Bruyn, die het dorp Dorn-banje noemt, beschrijft (zie noot 2, blz. 60). [Weynigh past the village of Dedomba (1), which has no more than 14 to 15 houses fn. 1 Thévenot writes, probably more correctly, Deh-i-Dombé. Tavernier mentions the castle that De Bruyn, who calls the village Dorn-banje, describes (see note 2, page 60).] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 61 « Le 3 mars, je fis six licues, les trois premières par une route pierreuse, qui aboutit à un vil- lage nommé Dédomba, où il y a un grand cara- vanserai, et de l'ean courante; [On March 3, I made six trips, the first three by a stony road, which led to a village called Dédomba, where there is a large caravanserai, and running water;] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 470 ※ SOURCE for Dedomba « Fatte 25. miglia in 9.ore per terreno piano, giugnemmo il Mercordi 29. nel Caſale di Benarù. Eravamo pafſſati cinque miglia prima per lo Karvanſerà di Dedomba, vicino un picciolo Caſale; però non vi reſtammo, per non eſſere Manzil, [Having traveled 25 miles in 9 hours over flat terrain, we arrived on Mercordi 29 in the Caſale di Benarù. We were fed up five miles earlier for the Karvanſerà of Dedomba, near a small Caſale; but we did not stay there, so as not to be Manzil,] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 270 ※ SOURCE for Dedombe « Den 23. dito verreisde zyn Ed: ten z uuren 's nachts, en quam met den dag in Dedombe, alwaar zyn Ed: door den Borgemeester, onder 't loffen der ſnaphaanen verwelkomt, ruim een vierendeel myls van te voren, eer hy nog ontrent de Karrawaanſera quam, ingehaald, en tot aan de zelve geleid wierd. [On the 23rd of the same day his Lordship set out at night, and arrived in the daytime at Dedombe, where his Lordship, welcomed by the Mayor, amid the praises of the snipers, was overtaken a good quarter of a mile before he had come near the Karrawaanzera, and led to it.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 « Den 27. dito, na 4 uuren rydens, in 't dorp Dedombe. [On the 27th, after a 4-hour drive, we arrived in the village of Dedombe.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Dehdombeh(Arch. Site) « Dehdombeh » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Deh-e dombeh (Dehidombe) « After a quarter farsakh one came to a small caravanserai close to the village of Deh-e dombeh (Dehidombe), which in 1651 only had 15 houses. Chardin recorded that it had alarge caravanserai with running water. It was a poor, but a reasonable building which wascalled caravanserai Deh-e Dombeh, while a ruined castle was nearby in the mountains.(99) fn. 99. Kaempfer 1968, p. 116 (Domba); Valentijn 1726, vol. 5, p. 264 (caravanserai Teduba;Dedombe); Speelman 1908, p. 61 (Dedomba); Tavernier 1930, p. 316 (Detadombe); Winninx, 16July (Dedombaj); Chardin 1811, vol. 8, p. 470 (Dedomba); LeBrun 1718, vol. 2, p. 315 (Dombanja, ahamlet with a ruined caravanserai). » #3002 Willem Floor, Persian Gulf: Links with the Hinterland, Bushehr, Borazjan, Kazerun, Banu Ka`b and Bandar Abbas, Mage Publishers, Washington, 2015 ~ p. 274 ※ SOURCE for Dehidombe « we made no ftop there, becauſe we found no body to fell us Provifions either for Men or Beasts: fo we continued our march in the ftony Plain, till about an hour after, having found a little Brook on our Left Hand, we entered about Noon into a great ſmooth Plain, where we fuffered much hear: we Travelled on South-Eastward, until about two of the Clock that we found a little Kervanferay, cloſe by a Village called Dehidombe, (that is to ſay) the Village of the tail, whore there are ſome Palms and Tamarisk-Trees. They drink no water there, but out of a Ciftern near the Kervanferay, which is three or four Fathom in Diametre, and covered by a Dome with fix Doors, this place is three long Agatfch from Momzir, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 129 ※ SOURCE for Dehidounbah « Dehidounbah » in {map#1255 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / dressée par P. Lapie... ; gravée par Blondeau..., , 1810, Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, GE C-10435} « Dehidounbah » in {map#1253 Carte de la Perse, de la Turquie d'Asie et d'une partie de la Tartarie Indépendante / Dressée par P. Lapie, ... pour les Voyages de Chardin ; Gravée par Blondeau, ..., , 1810, } ※ SOURCE for Detadombé « mais comme on n'y trouve point de vivres, on pousse jusqu'à Detadombé, bon village situé dans une plaine. Un quart de lieue au-deçà on découvre sur un haut rocher les ruines d'un vieux château, et autour du village il y a grand nombre de palmiers. Ce carvansera est bon et est accompagné d'une assez bonne citerne. [but as we found no food there, we pushed on to Detadombé, a good village located on a plain. A quarter of a league beyond we discover on a high rock the ruins of an old castle, and around the village there are a large number of palm trees. This carvansera is good and comes with a pretty good tank.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Dom-banje « Nous continuames notre route à minuit,arrivames au matin, à Dom-banje où nous nous difperfa mes en plufieurs maifons, le Caravanferai du village étant tombé en villag ruines. J'allai voir à une demi lieuc delà à l'oueft, une montagne féparée des autres, fur laquelle il y avoit eu autrefois une fortereffe. [We continued our journey at midnight, and arrived in the morning at Dom-banje where we dispersed into several houses, the village caravan having fallen into ruins. I went to see half a league beyond to the west, a mountain separated from the others, on which there had formerly been a fortress. ] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 315 ※ SOURCE for dorp Dedombaj « 16 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for dorp Dedombaj « 16 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Dombä « den 15. Dez. Vom Tsjai Talg bis Manjir 3 Farsach, von Manjir bis Karawanserei und Deb Domba 4 Farsach, Summa 7 Farsach. ... Wir gehen jetzt von dem kleinen Fort Qal ä Tesörg zum Dorf und Karawanserei Dombä S + O 1/4 Farsach. Ist eine ziemlich arme, redliche Karawanserei. Sie hat auf 4 Seiten Kammern von Felssteinen. Dahinter fließt ein kleiner Bach mit vielen kleinen Fischen bis ins Dorf, wo er nach Bewässerung einiger Baum- und Palmengärten in den Äckern hinter dem Dorfe sich verliert. [December 15th. From Tsjai Talg to Manjir 3 Farsach, from Manjir to Caravanserai and Deb Domba 4 Farsach, Summa 7 Farsach. ... We now go from the small fort Qal ä Tesörg to the village and caravanserai Dombä S + O 1/4 Farsach. It's a pretty poor, honest caravanserai. It has rock chambers on 4 sides. Behind it, a small stream with many small fish flows into the village, where, after watering some tree and palm gardens, it disappears into the fields behind the village.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 116 ※ SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Dehidombe) « until about two of the Clock that we found a little Kervanʃeray, cloſe by a Village called Dehidombe, (that is to ſay) the Village of the tail, whore there are ſome Palms and Tamarisk-Trees. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 129 ※ SOURCE for Teduba « Den 16. dito 's morgens ten 2 uuren zaten wy weder op, hadden een goeden weg, reeden voorby een Karrawanfera Teduba genaamd [On the 16th morning at 2 o'clock we got up again, had a good road, drove past a Karrawanfera called Teduba] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 264 Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Hasan Khani) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Hasan Khani) , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Malekabad) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: this place name appears in the NIMA/GNS data set but does not appear to be a caravanserai when viewed in google earth and I cannot find any references to prop it up. it appears to be some distance from any route. NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Malekabad) , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Mokhak) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi mokhak کاروانسرای شاه عباسی مخک NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Carvanfera Moggeck , Karavanserail Mokhak , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Mokhak) , Mecocal , Meggeck (Muhkak) , Meggek , Mich-geck-fogte , Mocach , Mochai Sugta , Mochak , Mochock Suckta , Mocock Sugta , Mogagzoekte , Mohack , Mokak , Mokha , mokhak caravanserai 1 , Moocack Sookta , Mouchek , Moukak , Moukhakh , Mukhak , Mukhak , Musak , square caravanserai (Figueroa) , ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Moggeck « 19 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mokhak « Karavanserail Mokhak (Taf. 23; 24,1) (Abb. 5; 190) 130Lage: 30 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Asemun- gerd, 23 km westlich von Qotb Abad und (Straße über Qotb Abad) 41 km nördlich von Djahrom, in + 1185 m ü. N. N., an der alten Hauptstraße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind ein größeres (qadjari- sches), ein kleineres (safavidisches) Karavanserail, die Spuren eines kleinen, älteren Baues von 24 × 24 m Außenmaßen und 17 x 17 m Hofabmessungen, eine Zisterne und ein Cahartaq- Emamzadeh voneinander zu unterscheiden (Abb. 190).Das größere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei- Jungen im rückwärtigen Flügel, breit gelagertem Portalbau und Wohnplattform in der Hofmitte. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58,20 × 48,50 m, Hofabmes- sungen 36 × 36 m (Abb. 191), Höhe der Hoffassade 5,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 9,70 m (Abb. 192). Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Das kleinere Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und im Westen angebautem Stalltrakt. Rundtürme an den Ecken und an den Courtinen. In der Hofmitte befindet sich ein Podest.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge (einschließlich des Anbaus) 42,50 × 32 m, Hofabmessungen 25 × 19,50 m (Abb. 193), Höhe des Gebäudes ca. 4,30 m (Abb. 194).Der Abanbar (Zisterne):13,80 m äußerer Durchmesser, Kuppelhöhe über dem Boden 5,40 m. Die Zisterne ist etwa 6 m eingetieft (Abb. 195) und in Bruchstein mit Verputz erbaut.fn. 130 Die Gebäude des Karawanenhaltepunktes Mokhlak wurden am 28. 2. 1977 vermessen. [Karavanserail Mokhak (Plate 23; 24.1) (Fig. 5; 190) 130Location: 30 km southeast of the Asemungerd caravanserail, 23 km west of Qotb Abad and (road via Qotb Abad) 41 km north of Djahrom, at + 1185 m above sea level. N. N., on the old main road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. At the site, one can distinguish between a larger (Qadjar), a smaller (Safavid) caravan serail, the traces of a small, older building with external dimensions of 24 × 24 m and courtyard dimensions of 17 × 17 m, a cistern and a Cahartaq-Emamzadeh (Fig . 190).The larger caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with four iwans, two stable abbey boys in the rear wing, a wide portal structure and living platform in the middle of the courtyard. Dimensions: external dimensions 58.20 × 48.50 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 36 m (Fig. 191), height of the courtyard facade 5.20 m, height of the portal building 9.70 m (Fig. 192). Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The smaller caravanserail:Type: Court caravanserail with two iwans and a stable wing attached to the west. Round towers at the corners and on the courts. There is a platform in the middle of the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections (including the extension) 42.50 × 32 m, courtyard dimensions 25 × 19.50 m (Fig. 193), height of the building approx. 4.30 m (Fig. 194).The Abanbar (cistern):13.80 m external diameter, dome height above the ground 5.40 m. The cistern is about 6 m deep (Fig. 195) and built of quarry stone with plaster.fn. 130 The buildings of the Mokhlak caravan stop were surveyed on February 28, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 106-8 ※ SOURCE for Mecocal « The second day of September, we came to Mecocal, where we had stinking water: and the same day payed a dutie of two Tanger upon every Bar. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461 ※ SOURCE for Meggeck (Muhkak) « Meggeck (Muhkak) for each carga four qazbekis for gūshi, but with a small present one may have to pay only a quarter or at maximum half of this amount. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321 ※ SOURCE for Meggek « 's Avonts ongeveer vijff mijlen gereden wesende, quamen ten ses uuren in de kustplaats Meggek (2), alleen sonder meer huysen op den weg gelegen, alwaar een dienaar van den gouverneur, om nog hier 't nodige te besorgen von- den, die fn. 2 Mükhak (Simla kaart) een, ook nog tijdens Dupré, geheel alleen staande onaanzienlijke karavanserai met slecht water. Slechts Herbert spreekt van vier graven van Mohammed, schriftgeleerden, die hij hier aanwezig vond. Fryer heeft. Mocock-Sügta, De Bruyn Mich-Geck-sogle. Hoe zij aan dat laatste woord gekomen zijn, is duister (sakhté = ge- maakt, sakhté gewogen, sukhte verbrand). Op zijn terugreis van Datavia naar Isfahan spelt De Brayn den naam juist: Moogack. [In the evening we drove about five miles and arrived at six o'clock in the coastal town of Meggek (2), situated alone without any houses on the road, where we found a servant of the governor, who had to take care of everything necessary here. fn. 2 Mükhak (Simla map) an insignificant caravanserai with bad water, also during Dupré, standing entirely alone. Only Herbert speaks of four tombs of Mohammed, scribes, which he found here. Fryer has. Mocock-Sügta, De Bruyn Mich-Geck-sogle. How they arrived at that last word is unclear (sakhté = made, sakhté weighed, sakhte burned). On his return journey from Datavia to Isfahan, De Brayn spelled the name correctly: Moogack.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 72 ※ SOURCE for Mich-geck-fogte « Comme la li- tiere, qui étoit portée par des hom- mes, n'avançoit guére, nous n'arri- vames qu'à minuit au Caravanserai de Mich-geck-fogte, après une traite de trois lieuës. [As the litter, which was carried by men, made little progress, we did not arrive until midnight at the Caravanserai of Mich-geck-fogte, after a journey of three leagues.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 313 ※ SOURCE for Mocach « until the 21st hour of the 17th. We traveled through beautiful and fully cultivated countryside. There were many villages and gardens all around, which made a beautiful view. I observed that they were cutting wheat at that time and that it was very abundant. The climate is not very different from ours. We also passed several pleasant hills, and at the 6th hour of the night we stopped in a small caravanserai called Mokhaq. (24) There, since there is no nearby town, some people live and sell foodstuffs. fn. 24. Bembo's "Mocach." » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 296 ※ SOURCE for Mochai Sugta « Den 11. dito trokken wy over een steenagtig gebergte, zagen geen dorpen; maar eenige veehoeders-hutten, en qua- men tot Mochai Sugta. Hier ſtaan z Karrawanfara's, een koſtelyke groote nieuwe, en een oude vervallene.Agter deze Karrawanſara's ſtaan twee koſtelyke nieuwe. overwelfde Tanken. Wy quamen ontrent midder nagt in de Manſel; [On the 11th day we passed over a stony mountain range and saw no villages; only a few herdsmen's huts, and came to Mochai Sugta. Here are two Karrawanfaras, a beautiful large new one, and an old dilapidated one. Behind these Karrawanfaras are two beautiful new ones. vaulted tanks. We arrived at the Manſel about midnight;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Mochak « The 28 daye we traveled along a valley weh is fruitful and pies ant ; it aboundes in come and date trees. Here as we traveled, haueing out gon our caphelow,l we mett a sheparde weh played on his pipe; here we rested an howre or two wth this shepard vntil our caravane overtooke vs; then we tooke our leaues from the shepard and rewarded him for his paynes. This night we came [to] Mochak [Mukhak], a caravanserow lyinge in a very craggi place. This daye we came 6 lges.» #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 79 ※ SOURCE for Mochock Suckta « About 6 in the Evening sett out for Mochock Suckta, 7 forsangs, pretty good way. Past by Asmungerd, a good caravensaroy, about 2 farsangs from Gossaw. Arrived here about 2 in the morning, an extroardin[ar]y Caravensaroy; a large hill just before the interry. note: Mochock Suckta. Mukhak. Suckta probably=sokhta, 'burnt': the Mukhek of Wilson's map. See Fryer, II, 215, n. 1. Thévenot (p. 128) calls it Mouchek, and Hedges (I, 206) found a "large convenient Caravan-Serai at "Moocack Sookta", with "good water and no want of provisions." Le Bruyn also halted at the "Caravanserai of Michgeck Sogte" in 1705 (II, 65). » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48 ※ SOURCE for Mocock Sugta « At Midnight we came to Mocock Sugta (1) (i.e. a dry Clove) Twenty two Miles, having forded several Plashes where flourished lascivious Shrubs, more like Southernwood than Osiers, till we were inclosed again in the Mountains. fn. 1 Mukhek in Wilson's map. If Fryer's derivation be correct, the proper form is Mekhah Sükhtah or Sükhah. Hedges (Diary, i, 206) calls it Moocack Sookta: "here we had ye best musk melons that ever I saw of ye growth of Cossir." "Mohack our next (in which are buried Mahomet, Hodge, Izmael, and Ally), (four great Mussulmannish Doctors, intombed here 400 years ago), resorted to with no small reverence" (Herbert, 132). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 205 ※ SOURCE for Mogagzoekte « Den 30. dito na middernacht verreisde zyn Ed:, en quam, nas mylen rydens, in de Karrawaanſera Mogagzoekte. [On the 30th after midnight his wife traveled and, after my journey, searched for Mogag in the Karrawaanſera.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274 « Den 23. dito na 5 mylen in de Karrawaanfera.Den 24.dito na 5 mylen ruym in Jarôn. Mogag-zoekte. [The 23rd said on the 5th of March in Karrawaanfera.The 24th said on the 5th of March in Jarôn. Mogag-zoekte.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Mohack « Mohack our next(in which are buried Mahomet, Hodge, Izmael, and Ally, foure great Muffulmannish Doctors, intombd here 400 yeares ago, » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 132 ※ SOURCE for Mokak « Il cammino, che poi fi fece, fu per terreno feminato di xiſo (dove vidi i primidattili) e pofcia arido fino al Karvanſerà di Mokak, dove seſtammo dopo 25. miglia, e otto ore di cammino. [The journey that we then made was over rough terrain ... In Mokak fono due Karvanſerà; il nuovo, e'l vec. chio, il quale ha biſogno di poca ripara zione, ma traſcurano i Maomettani di fargliela, per l'inchinazione che hanno a fabbricar di nuovo(where I saw the primadactyls) and then arid until the Karvanſerà of Mokak, where we stopped after 25 miles and eight hours of walking. ... In Mokak there are two Karvanſerà; the new is the old. man, who needs little repair, but the Mohammedans neglect to do it for him, due to the inclination they have to build a new] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 pp. 266-7 ※ SOURCE for Mokha « Persian text omitted. the road is located on the mountain slope on the right side. In Mokha , there is a caravanserai, four ponds, a tower, ten people and a running spring. » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 584 ※ SOURCE for mokhak caravanserai 1 « mokhak Caravanserai 1 Fars Jahrom Fars, km 30 of Jahrom-Shiraz road 6784 10/10/2002 Qajariyeh » #3368 Asar-e Sabti, List of Iranian national monuments (فهرست اثار ملی ایران), (Version 90 08 29): ~ registration number 6784 « . It seems that this caravanserai was built by Haj Mohammad Hassan Khan (the ruler of Jahrom) in 1250 AH (601). This caravanserai is currently used as a sheep pen. » #3365 Majid Mansouri, Archaeological Survey of the Kordian District, Jahrom, Fars, Iran (In Persian), Payam Baratshenas Magazine, 2015 yr.12:issue 23: ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Moocack Sookta « August 20.-We rose from Jarroon and lodged at Moocack Sookta, a large, convenient Caravan-Sarai; good water, and no want of provisions. Here we had y best musk melons that ever I saw of yo growth of Cossir. »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206 ※ SOURCE for Mouchek « that we arrived at a little Kervanʃeray, called Mouchek, ftanding by it ſelſ, and built in ſtony ground ſurrounded with Hills: about ſome hundred paces behind this Kervanʃeray there is a great round Ciſtern, four or five Fathom in Diametre, and is very deeps it is covered with a great Dome of rough ſtone, that hath ſix Entrics, by ſo many Doors that are round it, by which they go in to draw water » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 128 « J'arrivai donc le vingtième de mars à dix heures du matin, à un car- vansera appelé Mouchek, qui est une seule maison au pied d'un rocher. Il ya une source d'eau à cinq cents pas, mais c'est une eau chaude et qui a un goût de soufre, de sorte qu'à peine les bêtes en veulent boire. [So I arrived on the twentieth of March at ten o'clock in the morning, at a caravanserai called Mouchek, which is a single house at the foot of a rock. There is a spring of water five hundred paces away, but it is hot water and has a taste of sulfur, so that the animals hardly want to drink it.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 314 ※ SOURCE for Moukak « Le 27, je fis sept lieues par un chemin assez rude et raboteux, au bout desquelles je mis pied à terre à un des plus méclians gites de la route: c'est un petit caravanserai détruit, qu'on appelle Moukak (1), situé entre des montagnes(1) Herbert écrit Mohak et ajoute qu'on voit dans ce village ou cette station (Manzel), les tombeaux de quatre grands docteurs musulmans (dont il altère les noms) très révéres, qui y sont enterrés depuis quatre cents ans. Some yeares travels, etc., p. 136, on lit Moskak dans la traduction du même ouvrage intitulée: Rela- tion du Voyage de Perse et des Indes, pag. 218, et Maliek dans Thévenot et dans Tavernier. (L-s.) [On the 27th, I traveled seven leagues along a rather rough and rugged path, at the end of which I dismounted at one of the most unsavory lodges on the road: it was a small destroyed caravanserai, called Moukak (1), located between mountains(1) Herbert writes Mohak and adds that we see in this village or this station (Manzel), the tombs of four great and very revered Muslim doctors (whose names he alters), who have been buried there for four hundred years. Some yeares travels, etc., p. 136, we read Moskak in the translation of the same work entitled: Relation of the Voyage of Persia and the Indies, pag. 218, and Maliek in Thévenot and in Tavernier. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 462 ※ SOURCE for Moukhakh A cinq cents pas sont deux caravansérails, séparés par un filet d'eau qui prend sa source dans le mont près duquel ils sont batis. Ce lieu inhabité s'appelle Moukhakh. Des percepteurs d'un droit de péage pour le compte du gouverneur de Djároûn, demeurent dans l'un des caravanserails. Ce droit est de quatre châhis par charge de cha- mean, et de deux par charge de mulet. Il pro- duit à peine deux cents tumans par an, les ca- ravanes n'étant pas fréquentes pendant l'hiver. [Five hundred paces away are two caravanserais, separated by a stream of water which has its source in the mountain near which they are built. This uninhabited place is called Moukhakh. Collectors of a toll on behalf of the governor of Jároûn, live in one of the caravanserais. This toll is four shâhis per load of shâmean, and two per load of mule. It produces scarcely two hundred tumans per year, the caravans not being frequent during the winter.] ※ SOURCE for Mukhak « Mukhak (3,800') 28 41 53 24 A large sarai 16 m. N.-E. of Jahrüm, on Route 28, amongst low ridges which occupy whole of main valley; water from 2 cisterns and small spring: supplies scanty. grazing fair. In an old Shah Abbās sarzi close to sbove the following partially obliterated inscription was found, cut deep into the plaster: ... Ficilia Utilia ... Mers 1678. (Wilson, 1907.) » #3095 Report on Fars by Captain A T Wilson, Indian Political Department, Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1916 ~ p. 201 « Mukhak » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} « The karavansaray of Mukhak was small, isolated and situated in a craggy place and had good water and no lack of provisions. Hedges ate there the best musk melons that he had ever seen. About some hundred paces behind the karavansaray was a great cistern, four to five fathoms in diameter, very deep and covered by a dome. There was only one house near the karavansaray, while the only drinkable water was in a cistern at one musket shot's distance. However, a Jew had fallen into the cistern and therefore the Muslims did not use it any more, because its water had become unclean, Tavernier observed. Chardin reported that the small karavansaray had been destroyed, and he considered this one of the sorriest halting places he had ever stayed in; also, its water was terrible in quality. In 1685, the karavansaray had been recently built of freestone by a merchant. It was still situated in the middle of nowhere, though it now also housed a number of rähdärs and had two new covered cisterns. Next to it was a warm spring in which one could take a bath. The old dilapidated karavansaray was still standing.(88) fn. 88 Stodart, p. 80 (Mochak); Thevenot, vol. II, p.128 (Mouckek); Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 113 (Musak); Valentijn, vol. V, » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 76 ※ SOURCE for Mukhak « At 16 miles the large caravansarai of Mukhak is reached. Water. Two cisterns and a small spring. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 178 ※ SOURCE for Musak « den 11. Dez. in 9½ Stunden gereist nach der Karawanserei Musak 7 Farsach ... Weiter S+O zur Karawanserei Musak 3 Farsach. Diese Karawanserei, ziemlich neu und gut, liegt allein zwischen wüsten Felsen und Hügeln. Es residierten unter dem Portal verschiedene, mit Gewehr wohl versehene Radaren. Sie ist von einem Kaufmann unlängst erbaut von Feldsteinen, hat schöne Kammern und Gewölbe mit Schornsteinen [December 11th traveled in 9½ hours to the caravanserai Musak 7 Farsach ... Continue S+O to the caravanserai Musak 3 Farsach. This caravanserai, quite new and good, lies alone between desert rocks and hills. Various radars equipped with rifles resided under the portal. It was recently built of field stones by a merchant and has beautiful chambers and vaults with chimneys] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 113 ※ SOURCE for square caravanserai (Figueroa) [no place name given - description used for Route 16 stage 014. PBR] « This caravanserai was quite different from the others we had seen in the kingdom of Fārs. It was [fol. 221v] square and had four symmetrical strong and high walls. There was one big gate where one could enter on horseback. Inside there was a square big enough for many people, horses, and the rest of the baggage animals. In the center of the square was a square stone ledge two feet high and over twenty feet wide and long, where a few people could take their leisure. Surrounding it on all sides were mangers where the travelers’ horses and mules could feed. There were chambers on all four interior walls of this large square, each of them two feet off the ground. Their entryways were as big as the chambers themselves, and these were consequently completely open to view, though they were covered by a vault. Some of them had a narrow little bedroom big enough for two beds and nothing else, with doors so narrow and low that they were exactly as big as a man. These rooms were especially intended for women to stay in so that they would not be in plain sight while they were inside the chambers. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 328-9 Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Tajt Sang) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: caravansérail (Tajt Sang) , Chedrobe caravanserai , Karvansara-ye Shah Abbasi (Tajt Sang) , ※ SOURCE for caravansérail (Tajt Sang) « Sur ce chemin, qui passe par Takti-Sang, est un caravansérail, près duquel sont des tours où les paysans se mettent pour veiller, pendant la nuit, à leurs récoltes dans le temps de la moisson. [On this road, which passes through Takti-Sang, is a caravanserai, near which are towers where the peasants stand to watch over their crops at night during harvest time.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 456 ※ SOURCE for Chedrobe caravanserai « The Chedrobe caravanserai is one of the most important monuments of the Safari period, located south of the Chedrobe village. Despite its importance, this monument has not yet been included in the national heritage list. The Chedrobe caravanserai is 33 meters long and 30 meters wide and is built of rubble stone and plaster mortar. The caravanserai has 23 rooms measuring 33 meters with arched arches. On the south side of the base, there is a staircase 1.60 meters wide that led to the roof. On the north side and opposite this staircase, there is a room 1.60 meters wide and five meters long with an arched arch, which was probably a guard room. The rooms have decorative carvings. The entrance hall is 8.5 meters long, with two rooms 3 x 4.5 meters on the right and left of it. Unlike other rooms whose doors open onto the courtyard, the doors of the rooms open onto this entrance hall. The courtyard of the caravanserai is 18 x 18 meters and in front of each room there is a two-meter platform that is half a meter higher than the courtyard level. On both sides of the entrance hall there is a 5.5-meter-long, 70-centimeter-wide courtyard. On the northwest and southwest sides of the building there are two rooms measuring 83.5 meters, which are larger than the other rooms, considering the structure and plan. » #3365 Majid Mansouri, Archaeological Survey of the Kordian District, Jahrom, Fars, Iran (In Persian), Payam Baratshenas Magazine, 2015 yr.12:issue 23: ~ p.88 karvansaraye shah ebaseh safavi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.180589 long 57.937102 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebaseh safavi کاروانسرای شاه عباس? صفوی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sarpushideh , karvansaraye shah ebaseh safavi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sarpushideh « Karavanserail Sarpushideh (Taf. 8,1-8,3) (Abb. 5 und 27) (22)Lage: 32 km östlich von Sabzevar, 9 km westlich des Karavanserails Salehabad, in +950 m ü. N. N., an der direk-ten Karawanenstrecke von Sabzevar nach Neyshabur.Typ: Dreischiffiges, vollständig überdachtes Hallenka-ravanserail mit erhöhter Mittelkuppel und 8 flacheren Kuppeln, sowie zwei Räumen neben dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 27,60 × 22,80 m Außenmaße. Höhe des Portalbaus 6,60 m (Abb. 28).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).fn 22 Karavanserail Sarpushideh wurde am 10.6.1995 vermessen. [Sarpushideh Caravanserail (Plates 8.1-8.3) (Figs. 5 and 27) (22)Location: 32 km east of Sabzevar, 9 km west of the Salehabad Caravanserail, at an elevation of 950 m above sea level, on the direct caravan route from Sabzevar to Neyshabur.Type: Three-aisled, fully roofed hall caravanserail with a raised central dome and eight shallower domes, as well as two rooms adjacent to the entrance.Dimensions: 27.60 × 22.80 m external dimensions. Height of the portal structure: 6.60 m (Fig. 28).Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).The Sarpushideh Caravanserail was surveyed on June 10, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 27 Karvansara-ye Shah-e `Abbas Shamsh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah-e `Abbas , Shamsh , شمش , کاروانسرای شاه عباس , VARIANT names: Karvansara-ye Shah-e `Abbas Shamsh , Robat Shams , ※ SOURCE for Robat Shams « Robat Shams (Taf. 16,1-3) (Abb. 4; 122) (49)Lage: 30 km südöstlich von Kermanshahan (Shahan), 33 km nordwestlich von Anar, in + 1470 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Kerman. Robat Shams ist der Grenz-ort der Provinz Kerman gegen die Provinz Yazd.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen, runden Türmen an den Ecken und einer Zisterne im rückwärtigen Courtinen-Turm.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 41,50 × 35,50 m, Hofabmessungen 17 × 16,80 m, Breite der Stallgänge 3,70 m, Höhe der zweigeschossig gegliederten Hoffassaden 6,70 m, Höhe der Außenmauern 8,30 m und Höhe der Türme 9 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Steinfundamenten.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Leicht verfal-len, wird durch Haltepunkt für Lastwagenverkehr in Mit-leidenschaft gezogen.fn 49 Das Robat wurde am 16.3.1976 und das Stationsgebäude am 1. 12. 1984 vermessen. [Robat Shams (Plate 16.1-3) (Figs. 4; 122) (49)Location: 30 km southeast of Kermanshahan (Shahan), 33 km northwest of Anar, at an elevation of 1470 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Kerman. Robat Shams is the border town between Kerman Province and Yazd Province.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, round towers at the corners, and a cistern in the rear curtain tower.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 41.50 × 35.50 m, courtyard dimensions 17 × 16.80 m, width of the stable passages 3.70 m, height of the two-story courtyard facades 6.70 m, height of the exterior walls 8.30 m, and height of the towers 9 m.Building material: Fired bricks on stone foundations.Structural features and condition: Slightly dilapidated, affected by the truck stop.fn 49 The Robat was surveyed on March 16, 1976, and the station building on December 1, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 76 karvansaraye sheharno : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.401208 long 54.892993 Supplement: Shahr-e-Nav Caravanserai کاروانسرای شهرنو VARIANT names: Karawanenbauten bei Shahr-e Now , karvansaraye sheharno , ※ SOURCE for Karawanenbauten bei Shahr-e Now « Karawanenbauten bei Shahr-e Now (Abb. 4; 76) 35Lage: 25 km östlich von Kharanaq, 23 km westlich des Karavanserails Riz Ab (Rezab), in + 1050 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Tabas und Mashhad. Südlich der Oase ist ein großer Kuppel-Abanbar (Zisterne) gelegen und nordwestlich eine turmförmige Karawanenstation. Die Oase besteht aus einem Gehöft mit Palmengarten, einem Qanat-gespeisten Teich, einer Zisterne für Oberflächen-wasser und einem Imamzadeh sowie einem Caykhaneh (Abb. 76). [Caravan buildings near Shahr-e Now (Fig. 4; 76) 3 Location: 25 km east of Kharanaq, 23 km west of the Riz Ab (Rezab) caravanserail, at an elevation of 1050 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Tabas and Mashhad. South of the oasis lies a large domed abanbar (cistern), and to the northwest, a tower-shaped caravan station. The oasis consists of a farmstead with a palm garden, a qanat-fed pond, a surface water cistern, an imamzadeh, and a Caykhaneh (Fig. 76).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 53 karvansaraye shirgasht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.003234 long 56.808492 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shirgasht کاروانسرای شیرگشت VARIANT names: karvansaraye shirgasht , Robat-e Shir Geshk , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Shir Geshk « Robat-e Shir Geshk (Taf. 27,2) (Abb. 5 und 79) Lage: 60 km nördlich Tabas, 105 km südwestlich Robat-e Sang-e Shah und 9 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Dahaneh, in + 1060 m ü. N. N., an der Karawanenroute von Neyshabur nach Tabas und nach Yazd. Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen und zwei Stallabteilungen. Abmessungen: 32,70 × 31,30 m Außenmaße, 18,70 x 15,20 m Hofabmessungen. Gebäudehöhe 4,50 m. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell einge-stürzt. Inschriften: Keine bekannt. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut. fn 97 Robat-e Shir Geshk wurde am 11.3. 1977 vermessen. [Robat-e Shir Geshk (Plate 27.2) (Figs. 5 and 79)Location: 60 km north of Tabas, 105 km southwest of Robat-e Sang-e Shah, and 9 km northeast of Robat-e Dahaneh, at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Neyshabur to Tabas and Yazd.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two opposing iwans and two stable sections.Dimensions: 32.70 × 31.30 m external dimensions, 18.70 × 15.20 m courtyard dimensions. Building height: 4.50 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Qajar period.fn 97 Robat-e Shir Geshk was surveyed on 11.3.1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 59 karvansaraye shtarkhaneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 28.254012 long 53.985211 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shtarkhaneh کاروانسرای شترخانه VARIANT names: Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom , karvansaraye shtarkhaneh , ※ SOURCE for Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom « Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom (Abb. 5; 222) (150)Lage: 128 km nördlich von Lar, 24 km nördlich der in Richtung Lar nächsten Station Benaru (Bonaruyeh) und etwa 82 km südöstlich von Djahrom. Die Strecke Djahrom-Djuyom ist nicht identisch mit der ursprünglichen Karawa-nenroute von Djahrom nach Lar und weiter nach Bandar-e Abbas. Sie führte von Benaru über die safavidischen Karawa-nenstationen Deh Dombeh-Musar-Cah Talkh und eine ein-bogige Brücke bei Cah Talkh nach Djahrom (Abb. 5). Diese Stationen sind überliefert (151), aber nicht vermessen; der alte Karawanenweg ist nur noch sehr schwer passierbar. Djuyom liegt abseits (15 km östlich) dieses alten Weges im Verlauf der modernen Straße Djahrom-Lar und als Kreuzungspunkt an einer West-Ost-Verbindung von Bandar-e Taheri über Khondj-Deh Dombeh-Djuyom nach Darab-Sirdjan und Kerman (Abb. 5). An diesem Weg liegen die nicht näher un-tersuchten Stationen Sargah (etwa 35 km nordöstlich von Bandar-e Taheri) und Zisternen westlich und östlich von Haftavan, westlich von Khondj (152).Typ: Doppelkaravanserail, an einer Ecke in zeitlicher Abfolge (?) aneinander gebaut. Das südöstliche Gebäude, wohl das ältere, hat vier nicht besonders architektonisch her-ausgehobene Iwane und ein leicht vorgezogenes Portal. Das nordwestliche, wohl angebaute Gebäude hat vier architekto-nisch etwas herausgehobene Iwane und ebenfalls ein vorge-zogenes Portal. Das südöstliche Gebäude besteht aus Raum-reihen (keine Stallungen), die um den Hof herum angeordnet sind, das nordwestliche Gebäude hat zwei Stallabteilungen, von denen die östliche mit dem südöstlichen Gebäude durch einen breiten Durchgang verbunden ist.Abmessungen: Südost-Gebäude: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 31 × 31 m, Hofabmessungen 18,80 × 18,80 m. Nordwest-Gebäude: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung 30 x 29 m, Hofabmessungen 19,40 × 19,20 m, Gebäudehöhe 4-5 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur partiell er-halten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Safavidisch, 1627 von Thomas Herbertnerwähnt (153).fn 150 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297. Eine Höhenangabe für die Karavan-serails zwischen Djahrom und Lar liegt nicht vor.fn 151 Ebenda, 294.fn 152 H. Gaube, AMI 13, 1980, 149 ff.fn 153 Th. Herbert, Travels in Persia 1627-1629 (1929) 130. [Double Caravanserail Djuyom (Fig. 5; 222) (150)Location: 128 km north of Lar, 24 km north of Benaru (Bonaruyeh), the nearest station towards Lar, and about 82 km southeast of Djahrom. The Djahrom-Djuyom route is not identical to the original caravan route from Djahrom to Lar and on to Bandar-e Abbas. It led from Benaru via the Safavid caravan stations Deh Dombeh-Musar-Cah Talkh and a single-arch bridge at Cah Talkh to Djahrom (Fig. 5). These stations are documented (151) but not surveyed; the old caravan route is now very difficult to traverse. Djuyom lies off the beaten track (15 km east) of this old road, along the modern Djahrom-Lar road, and at the crossroads of a west-east route from Bandar-e Taheri via Khondj-Deh Dombeh-Djuyom to Darab-Sirdjan and Kerman (Fig. 5). Along this route are the unexamined stations of Sargah (about 35 km northeast of Bandar-e Taheri) and cisterns west and east of Haftavan, west of Khondj (152).Type: Double caravanserail, built at one corner, possibly sequentially. The southeastern building, likely the older one, has four iwans that are not particularly architecturally prominent and a slightly projecting portal. The northwestern building, probably an extension, has four iwans that are somewhat architecturally prominent and also a projecting portal. The southeastern building consists of rows of rooms (not stables) arranged around the courtyard. The northwestern building has two stable sections, the eastern one of which is connected to the southeastern building by a wide passageway.Dimensions: Southeastern building: external dimensions without projections 31 × 31 m, courtyard dimensions 18.80 × 18.80 m. Northwestern building: external dimensions without portal projection 30 × 29 m, courtyard dimensions 19.40 × 19.20 m, building height 4–5 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Only partially preserved, currently used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, mentioned by Thomas Herbertner in 1627 (153). fn 150 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297. No elevation data is available for the caravan serails between Djahrom and Lar.fn 151 Ibid., 294.fn 152 H. Gaube, AMI 13, 1980, 149 ff.fn 153 Th. Herbert, Travels in Persia 1627-1629 (1929) 130.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 122 karvansaraye tarikhi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.060083 long 55.76053 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi کاروانسرای تاریخی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qaleh Chuno , karvansaraye tarikhi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qaleh Chuno « Karavanserail Qaleh Chuno (Cuno) (Abb. 7; 236)117Lage: 26 km südlich der Abzweigung der Küstenstraße nach Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) von der Straße Bandar-e Abbas-Lar und etwa 12 km südlich der safavidischen Rud-e Kul-Brücke, in + 10 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Bandar-e Langeh (Küstenstraße). 7 km nördlich des Karavanserails steht auf einem Gebirgsausläufer am Ufer des Rud-e Kul ein Karawanenrichtturm (Mil).Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail mit großem zentralem Kuppelraum, Vorräumen in den beiden Achsen und vier quadratischen Eckräumen. Der Bau steht auf einer Platt-form (Abb. 237).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,30 × 16,30 m, Weite des zentralen Kuppelraumes 6,80 × 6,80 m, Gebäudehöhe (er-gänzt) 5,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark zerstört,Ansätze der Zentralkuppel noch erkennbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch. [German - DetectedGermanEnglishSpanishPersianEnglishGerman Karavanserail Qaleh Chuno (Cuno) (Abb. 7; 236)117Lage: 26 km südlich der Abzweigung der Küstenstraße nach Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) von der Straße Bandar-e Abbas-Lar und etwa 12 km südlich der safavidischen Rud-e Kul-Brücke, in + 10 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Bandar-e Langeh (Küstenstraße). 7 km nördlich des Karavanserails steht auf einem Gebirgsausläufer am Ufer des Rud-e Kul ein Karawanenrichtturm (Mil).Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail mit großem zentralem Kuppelraum, Vorräumen in den beiden Achsen und vier quadratischen Eckräumen. Der Bau steht auf einer Platt-form (Abb. 237).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,30 × 16,30 m, Weite des zentralen Kuppelraumes 6,80 × 6,80 m, Gebäudehöhe (er-gänzt) 5,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark zerstört,Ansätze der Zentralkuppel noch erkennbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch.Karavanserail Hashem (Hasham) (Abb. 7; 238)118Lage: 45 km südwestlich der Ortschaft Dezhgan Dežgan), 97 km südwestlich von Karavanserail Qal'eh18 Karavanserail Hashem wurde am 11.3. 1986 vermessen. 1,121 Caravanserail Qaleh Chuno (Cuno) (Fig. 7; 236)117Location: 26 km south of the junction of the coastal road to Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) with the Bandar-e Abbas-Lar road and approximately 12 km south of the Safavid Rud-e Kul bridge, at an elevation of 10 m above sea level, on the coastal road from Bandar-e Abbas to Bandar-e Langeh. 7 km north of the caravanserail, on a spur of the mountain on the banks of the Rud-e Kul, stands a caravanserail's command tower (Mil).Type: Pavilion caravanserail with a large central domed hall, vestibules on both axes, and four square corner rooms. The structure stands on a platform (Fig. 237). Dimensions: External dimensions 16.30 × 16.30 m, width of the central domed space 6.80 × 6.80 m, building height (reconstructed) 5.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged,Remnants of the central dome still visible.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 129 karvansaraye tarikhi rabat : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.899407 long 57.705254 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tarikhi rabat کاروانسرای تاریخی رباط VARIANT names: karvansaraye tarikhi rabat , karvansaraye tarikhi rabat (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.899384 long 57.705259 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: cannot confirm karvansaraye tarikhi rabat کاروانسرای تاریخی رباط VARIANT names: karvansaraye tarikhi rabat (?) , Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.248768 long 51.280281 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen , کاروانسرای تاریخی سن سن , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) , Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen , San San Caravanserai , Sinsin caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin)(Arch. Site) « Karavanserail Sensen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) (Taf. 16,3; 17,1.2) (Abb. 12; 131) (84)Lage: Umbaut von modernem Dorf, 25 km südöstlich von Dehnar und 28 km nördlich Nasrabad, in +900 m ü.N.N., an der Route Qom – Kashan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stall-Abtei-lungen, ohne Türme und vorgezogenen Portalbau.fn. 84 Sensen wurde am 6. 3. 1980 vermessen. [Aiser-Islamic, with a horseshoe of normal size for horses (Fig. 130).Sen/Sen Sen (Sinsin) Caravanserai (Plates 16.3; 17.1.2) (Fig. 12; 131) (84)Location: Rebuilt from a modern village, 25 km southeast of Dehnar and 28 km north of Nasrabad, at +900 m above sea level, on the Qom-Kashan route.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, without towers and a projecting portal structure.fn. 84 Sensen was surveyed on March 6, 1980.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 69 ※ SOURCE for Karvansara-ye Tarikhi-ye Sen Sen « EAMENA-0231547 Report Date: January 22, 2026 » ※ SOURCE for Sinsin caravansaray « We reached the caravansaray of Sinsin quite early in the afternoon, the stage being six light farsakhs, and the road good and level. This caravansaray is one of those fine, spacious, solidly constructed buildings which can be referred, almost at a glance, to the time of the Safavi kings, and which the tradition of muleteers, recognising, as a rule, only two great periods in history that of Ferídún, and that of Shah Abbas the Great unhesitatingly attributes to the latter. The building, although it appeared totally neglected, even the doors being torn away from their hinges, is magnificently constructed, and I wandered with delight through its long, vaulted, dimly-lit stables, its deserted staircases, and untenanted rooms. The roof, however, solidly built of brickwork, and measuring no less than ninety paces from corner to corner of the square, was the great attraction, commanding as it did an extensive view of the flat plain around, the expanse of which was hardly broken by anything except the little group of houses which constitute the village, and a great caravan of camels from Yezd, kneeling down in rows to receive their evening meal from the hands of their drivers. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 172 Karvansaray-e Yam : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.344268 long 45.834982 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ebasi کاروانسرای عباسی VARIANT names: Karvansaray-e Yam , ※ SOURCE for Karvansaray-e Yam « Karavanserail Djam (Taf. 1,3) am Paß von Sufian (Abb. 4 und 41) (36)Lage: 16km nordwestlich von Sufian und 14 km südöst-lich von Marand, östlich des Paßüberganges der Route von Tabriz nach Marand.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 2 Iwanen und vor die Fassade vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 82 x 70 m, Hofmaße 54 × 42 m (Zustand 1967).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (26/26/6cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: In den 60er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts total abgerissen zur Baustoffgewinnung.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch. fn 36 Spuren des abgerissenen Karavanserails wurden am 30. 6. 1967 ver-messen. AMI N. F. 2, 1969, 56. [Caravanserai Djam (Plate 1.3) at the Sufian Pass (Figs. 4 and 41) (36)Location: 16 km northwest of Sufian and 14 km southeast of Marand, east of the pass on the route from Tabriz to Marand.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans and a projecting entrance hall.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 82 x 70 m, courtyard dimensions 54 x 42 m (as of 1967).Building material: Fired bricks (26/26/6 cm).Structural features and condition: Completely demolished in the 1960s for building materials.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Safavid.fn 36 Traces of the demolished caravanserail were measured on June 30, 1967. AMI N. F. 2, 1969, 56.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 32 Karvansaray-ye `Abbasi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 36.53435 long 59.170978 Supplement: from NIMA/GNS data NIMA/GNS names: Howz-e Hazrati , Karvansaray-ye `Abbasi , حوض حضرتی , کاروانسرای عباسی , VARIANT names: Karvansaray-ye `Abbasi , Karvansaray-ye Shah `Abbas : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansaray-ye Shah `Abbas , کاروانسرای شاه عباس , VARIANT names: Feyz Abad (Feyzabad) , Feyzabad Caravanserai , Karvansaray-ye Shah `Abbas , ※ SOURCE for Feyz Abad (Feyzabad) « Feyz Abad (Feyzabad) (Abb. 5)Lage: 30 km südwestlich von Robat-e Bibi, an der Straße von Torbat-e Heydariyeh nach Badjestan und Tabas, und 31 km nordöstlich von Yunesi.Nicht vermessene Station. [Feyz Abad (Feyzabad) (Fig. 5)Location: 30 km southwest of Robat-e Bibi, on the road from Torbat-e Heydariyeh to Badjestan and Tabas, and 31 km northeast of Yunesi.Unsurveyed station.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 Karwansara-yi Sangtarashi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.6616181836372 long 51.6771870648645 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Lala Beg , Karwansara-yi Sangtarashi , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Lala Beg « No 3 Caravanserai-i Lala Beg. Named after a senior official at the court of Shah “Abbas I, this caravanserai was home to Indian merchants who catered specifically to the luxury market for gold and silver brocaded cloth and garments. It also hosted purveyors of luxury goods including jewellery and rare flowers. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi Sangtarashi « Karwansara-yi Sangtarashi » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Bazar-i-Khiyar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.667892 long 51.6853089772877 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Bazar-i-Khiyar , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Bazar-i-Khiyar « Karwansara-yi-Bazar-i-Khiyar » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Chitsazi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.661233 long 51.676207 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Tavila I , Karwansara-yi-Chitsazi , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Tavila I « No 2 and 6 Caravanserai-i Tavila I and II. These caravanserai were home to Indian cloth and garment merchants. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Chitsazi « Karwansara-yi-Chitsazi » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Malik : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.6611761862944 long 51.6772978425463 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai-i Tavila II , Karwansara-yi-Malik , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Tavila II « No 2 and 6 Caravanserai-i Tavila I and II. These caravanserai were home to Indian cloth and garment merchants. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Malik « 79. Kärwänsarä-yi-Malik » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Isfahan, Twentieth Century pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Maqsud : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6552951970803 long 51.6794208535333 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Maqsud , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Maqsud « Karwansara-yi-Maqsud » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Mirza Ismail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.6656613761934 long 51.6802861171696 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Mirza Ismail , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Mirza Ismail « Karwansara-yi-Mirza Ismail » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Murvarid Kish-ha : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.665468850563 long 51.6800895911718 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Murvarid Kish-ha , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Murvarid Kish-ha « Karwansara-yi-Murvarid Kish-ha » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Padirakht Sukhtah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.666167 long 51.6811637579726 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Padirakht Sukhtah , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Padirakht Sukhtah « Karwansara-yi-Padirakht Sukhtah » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Pizawri : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6685983242692 long 51.6850823108038 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Pizawri , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Pizawri « Karwansara-yi-Pizawri » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6605678428606 long 51.6761937471889 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravansarai-I-Gulshan , Caravanserai-i Shah , Karwansara-yi-Shah , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai-i Shah « No 1. Caravanserai-i Shah. As its name indicates, this was the principle caravanserai in the Grand Bazaar and was home to the so-called “King of the Merchants”. In commercial terms, within it were a variety of retailers and the cloth market. Its religious infrastructure included both mosque and madrasa and the principle hospitality function of the caravanserai itself. The goods sold were to a large extent luxury items destined for elite consumption. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 218 ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Shah « Karwansara-yi-Shah » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Shan Mahi-ha : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6656420841929 long 51.6808829281159 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Shan Mahi-ha , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Shan Mahi-ha « Karwansara-yi-Shan Mahi-ha » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Shikarbayk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6706271218968 long 51.6861500614351 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Shikarbayk , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Shikarbayk « Karwansara-yi-Shikarbayk » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Karwansara-yi-Sipid : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 32.6653934622206 long 51.6806872862087 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karwansara-yi-Sipid , ※ SOURCE for Karwansara-yi-Sipid « Karwansara-yi-Sipid » in {map#1417 in #3624 Magda Arduino, Nader Ardalan, Laleh Bakhtiar, The sense of unity; the Sufi tradition in Persian architecture, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973 ~ fig. 119. The Bazaar of Ispahan, Twentieth Cenury pp. 98-99} Kasgak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.462201 long 59.260462 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye kasgak کاروانسرای کسگک VARIANT names: Kasgak Caravanserai , Kenargerd Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.376062 long 51.25354 Supplement: Kenargerd Caravanserai کاروانسرای کنارگرد VARIANT names: Husseinabad caravanserai , Karavanserail Kenargerd , Karavanserail Kenargird , Kenargerd Caravanserai , Kinaragird , Kinar-i-gird caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Husseinabad caravanserai « We did not reach Husseinabad till long after dark. It was so unspeakably dark that my horse and I fell off the road into deep water, and we passed the caravanserai without knowing that we were near it. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 212 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kenargerd « see source Karavanserail Kenargird » ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kenargird « Typ: Hofkaravanserail in Doppelhofanlage, wobei der hintere, westliche Hof in 2. Bauphase angebaut ist. Im 1. Hof vier Iwane, an der Nordwestecke ein isolierter Wohnteil. Umlaufende Stallung. Der 2. Hof ohne Iwanbildung mit bei-derseitigen Stallungen. Außen an der Nordostecke - ein Kuppelbau angebaut, daneben eine große Zisterne (Aban-bar). Vor dem Karavanserail ein von der Asphaltstraße weit-gehend zerstörter, umbauter Vorhof.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 119 (Gesamtlänge) x 63,50 m. Hofmaße: 1. Hof 45 x 36,50 m, 2. Hof 37,50 × 36,50 m (Abb.223). Portalhöhe 6,90 m (Abb. 224). [Type: Courtyard caravanserai in a double courtyard layout, with the rear, western courtyard added in a second construction phase. The first courtyard contains four iwans, with an isolated residential section at the northwest corner. A stable surrounds the courtyard. The second courtyard lacks iwans and has stables on both sides. A domed structure is attached to the exterior of the northeast corner, next to which is a large cistern (aban-bar). In front of the caravanserai is an enclosed forecourt, largely destroyed by the asphalt road. Dimensions: External dimensions 119 (total length) x 63.50 m. Courtyard dimensions: 1st courtyard 45 x 36.50 m, 2nd courtyard 37.50 x 36.50 m (Fig. 223). Portal height 6.90 m (Fig. 224).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Kinaragird « the highest point is reached: descent 11 mile through hills. The road then, across open plain, gradually descending to Kinaragird, on right bank of Kerritch river, which the road crosses by ford just before arriving at post-house. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 55 ※ SOURCE for Kinar-i-gird caravansaray « One division goes straight on and crosses the hills above mentioned to the caravansaray of Kinár- igird ; the other bends sharply to the west for about threequarters of a mile, thus turning the edge of the hills, and then resumes its southward course. Of these two roads, the first is the good old direct caravan - route, described by Vámbéry, which leads to Kum by way of Kinár- i-gird, Hawz- i- Sultán, and Pul- i -Dallák ; the second is the new " improved " road made some years ago by order of the Amínu 's- Sultán, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 162 Kerand caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 34.279793 long 46.244097 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: possible location of the caravanserai based on photograph and Buckingham description VARIANT names: Kerand caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kerand caravanserai Kerand Caravanserai: Lost in Time online reference link [accessed 05 Oct 2025] « In another hour, having gone south-east for two hours over the plain, and heen in all about four hours and a half from the Khan-el-Tauk, we entered a fine large caravanserai, a little below the town of Kerrund, and alighted there before uoon. When the necessary care had heen taken of our horses, a duty which fell always to my own lot to execute rather thau to superintend, we left the khan and walked up to the town, which is about a quarter of a mile to the northward of the high-way. Our road led through narrow stone-hedged lanes, on each side of which were large vineyards and gardens, with an abundance of poplar trees planted in rows. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 66 Keravanserail Houz-e Djaffar (Hauz-e Djaffar) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.034605 long 54.426165 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Keravanserail Houz-e Djaffar (Hauz-e Djaffar) , well of Japhet , ※ SOURCE for Keravanserail Houz-e Djaffar (Hauz-e Djaffar) « Keravanserail Houz-e Djaffar (Hauz-e Djaffar) (Abb. 63) (32)Lage: 18 km nordöstlich von Yazd, 15 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Robat Andjireh, in + 1240 m ü. N. N., an der Karawanenstraße von Yazd durch die Steppe nach Tabas und Mashhad. Die Strecke Yazd-Howz-e Djaffar Robat Andjireh ist aufgegeben und durch Straßenneubau-sen zwischen Robat Andjireh und der Hauptstraße Arda-kan-Yazd ersetzt.Typ: Langgestreckte Einraum-Anlage als Zwischen-karavanserail. Daneben eine Kuppelzisterne mit Pavillon iber dem Treppenhaus.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,808,90 m. Höhe des Eingangs-Iwans 4,60 m. Die Zisterne hat einen inneren Durchmesser von 6,70 m und eine Höhe von 7.50 (Abb. 64).Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder qadjarisch.Im Bereich von Karavanserail und Zisterne wurden innen türkisfarben glasierte Schüsseln (Abb. 65, von oben Nr. 1-4), eine innen und außen blau glasierte Schale (Abb. 65, unten links) und dunkelgelbgraue, unglasierte Wandungsscherben mit Ritzverzierung (Abb. 65, unten rechts) gefunden.fn. 32 Das Gebäude und die Zisterne wurdim am 21.3.1 vermessen [Houz-e Jaffar Caravanserai (Fig. 63) (32) Location: 18 km northeast of Yazd, 15 km southwest of the Robat Andjireh Caravanserai, at an altitude of 1,240 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Yazd through the steppe to Tabas and Mashhad. The Yazd-Howz-e Jaffar Robat Andjireh route has been abandoned and replaced by new roads between Robat Andjireh and the main Ardakan-Yazd road. Type: Elongated, single-room structure serving as an intermediate caravanserai. Next to it is a domed cistern with a pavilion above the stairwell. Dimensions: External dimensions 10.808.90 m. Height of the entrance iwan 4.60 m. The cistern has an inner diameter of 6.70 m and a height of 7.50 m (Fig. 64). Construction material: Rubble and brick. Structural features and condition: Very badly decayed. Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Safavid or Qajar. In the area of ??the caravanserai and cistern, bowls glazed with turquoise interiors (Fig. 65, numbers 1-4 from top), a bowl glazed with blue interiors and exteriors (Fig. 65, bottom left), and dark yellow-gray, unglazed wall sherds with incised decoration (Fig. 65, bottom right) were found. fn. 32 The building and the cistern were surveyed on March 21, 1911.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 47-8 ※ SOURCE for well of Japhet « Die Nacht des 4. Augufti eigneten wir der Ruhe am Brunnen Japhet zu. [We dedicated the night of August 4th to rest at the well of Japheth.] » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 64 Khafr : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Khafr , Shahr Khafr , Shahr-e Khafr , Shahr-e Khezr , شهر خضر , VARIANT names: Çafhra , Cafre , Caifer , Cawger , Chafer , Chaffer , Chaffert , Chafr (Jesa) , Cossir , dorp Gaffer , Gaffer , Ghor , Gossaw , Käfer , Kafre , Khabr , Khafr , Khafro , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Vnghea [], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Safra [PBR], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Khafr FOR Habr [PBR], ※ SOURCE for Çafhra « This small town Çafhra is called Zafarābād (71) in the Arabic tongue, which means “fair” or “market.” (72) Not far off is the Sivan River, which the locals divert into channels and ditches to irrigate their gardens and fields.At sundown we reached the caravanserai, which resembled the one we had left that morning. It was 400 [fol. 222v] [margin: paces] from the city and its gardens, and there were two small Turkmen dawārs next to it. fn. 71 This location seems a better fit than Khafr, proposed by Loureiro et al., Anotações e estudos, 24. fn. 72 This comment by Silva y Figueroa is puzzling, since Arabic zafra is the feminine form of an adjective meaning “yellow.” fn. 73 In the MS, Zafarābād is given as Çafhra or Çafra, a homonym of Zafra (Extremadura); Silva y Figueroa also spells the name of his native city Çafhra. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 330 « Entre este amenissimo bosque estan çien casillas, pocas mas ó menos, con una hermosa y antiquisima mezquita, cuya pequeña poblacion en lengua arabiga llaman Çafhra, que significa lo mesmo que feria ó mercado, corriendo muy çerca della el rrio Siuan, de donde sacan los moradores muchas açequias y canales de agua para regar sus jardines y sementeras. A puesta de sol se llegó al carauasar, que es como del que se salio aquella mañana, apartado quatroçientos pasos del lugar y sus jardines, junto al qual auia dos pequeños aduares de turcomanes. [Among this very pleasant forest there are a hundred squares, a few more or less, with a beautiful and ancient mosque, whose small town in the Arabic language is called Çafhra, which means the same as a fair or market, the Siuan River running very close to it, from where they take the inhabitants many ditches and water channels to water their gardens and fields. At sunset we reached the carauasar, which is like the one we left that morning, four hundred steps away from the place and its gardens, next to which there were two small Turkmen customs houses.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 321 ※ SOURCE for Cafre « On the 18th the journey was through countryside full of barley and rice. The ground was low, and there was plenty of water. Along the road I saw some tombs here and there with the remains of destroyed towns. At the 9th hour of the night we stopped in a caravanserai called Shahre Khafr. A Frenchman arrived there after midday on the 19th. He was on horseback and dressed in European fashion and had with him a chapar and a Persian servant with two pieces of luggage. He came to greet me and told me that he was coming from Bandar 'Abbas, where he had been on business for his company and that he was going to Shiraz and from there to Isfahan. He wanted to continue the journey with me, and I was glad of it. Meanwhile, we went together to see the town. We entered a garden full of fruit and ate to our satisfaction. When we left, the gardener was happy with a small remuneration. As we went through the town, we were asked to enter the houses of those natives to visit their sick, as happens in Turkey. Certainly he who knows medicine and the language would be of great use there and ncould also enjoy the trip. At suppertime I invited the Frenchman to eat with me. He seemed to be a polite and discreet person, and his name was Monsieur Pierre Monfere. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ pp. 296-7 ※ SOURCE for Caifer « This Valley led us to Caifer (5), some Five Pharsangs, a Village blest with all Fruits Persia glories in, but above all, the choicest Oranges; fn. 5 Khafre of Wilson's map, lying, as Fryer says, between two ranges of hills- Kuh-i-Gushtasib and Kuh-i-Safidar. "I slept at an Inn built in an octagonal form, a good Legue from the River, with several villages between. The name of the Inn is Kaffer" (Tavernier, 251). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 206 ※ SOURCE for Cawger « The third day we came to Cawger, and the same day at night we payed a Best upon every Bar. » #3292 John Newberry, Two Voyages of John Newberry, in: Purchas, Samuel, Hakluytus posthumus, or Purchas his pilgrimes : contayning a history of the world in sea voyages and lande travells by Englishmen and others in 20 vols., Glasgow : J. Maclehose, , 1905, vol. 8 pp. 449-481 ~ p. 461 ※ SOURCE for Chafer « we arrived at a fair large Kervanʃeray, called Kervanʃeray Chafer, from the name of a Village cloſe by it, on the River-fide, which at this place is dwindled away almost to nothing, this is a great Village, and nothing to be ſeen in it but Gardens » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 128 ※ SOURCE for Chaffer « The 27th daye we traveled 7 lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles wch lyeth on from the other a leauge or ther- aboutes. Here is good water and store of date trees. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 79 ※ SOURCE for Chaffert « Wy reden voorby een Karrawanſera, genaamd Chaffert, [We passed by a Karrawanſera named Chaffert,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Chafr (Jesa) « den 10. Dez. in 11 Stunden, von 2 Uhr nachts bis 1 Uhr mittags, gereist 7 Farsach zur Karawan- serei Olkä und dem Dorf Chafr, jetzt Jesa genannt. [On December 10th, in 11 hours, from 2 a.m. to 1 a.m., 7 Farsach traveled to the Olka caravanserai and the village of Chafr, now called Jesa.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Cossir « August 22. We rose from Dottiuan, and passing by Cossir, lodged at Agatakee. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 207 ※ SOURCE for dorp Gaffer « 20 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Gaffer « van noden was te dragen) verselt met den schout van 't dorp Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla kaart.) Fryer heeft Caifer; hij teekent aan, dat hier de teelt van den dadelpalm eindigt. [of necessities) was hired with the sheriff of the village of Gaffer (1) fn. 1 Kafr (Siinla card.) Fryer has Caifer; he notes that the cultivation of the date palm ends here.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 73 « Gaffer (Khafr) for each carga half a mahmudi for rāhdāri as in Lär, but a small pres- ent would have the same effect. » #3297 John Emerson, Rahdars and Their Tolls in Safavid and Afsharid Iran, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1987 vol. 30:no. 3:pp. 318-327 ~ p. 321 ※ SOURCE for Ghor « Après une traire de 7. lieues nous arrivi mes au village de Ghor, à une lieue de la petite ville de Nathans. [After a journey of 7 leagues we arrived at the village of Ghor, one league from the small town of Nathans.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 183 ※ SOURCE for Gossaw « About 12 at night sett out for Gossaw, 7½ farsangs, bad stoney way, but no mountain to pass. Past by Piraw, 5 farsangs to this place; here is a good Caravensaroy. Arrived here the 23rd about 11 forenoon. note: Diary of 22 February 1707/8. Gossaw. This place, called Cossir by Hedges (I, 207) and Chasor by Thévenot (Pt. II, 128), seems to be identical with the Caifer of Fryer, the Khafri of Wilson's map (Fryer, II, 206, n. 4), and the Kafer of Rennell's Map of Western Asia (1831). Khafr lies about 9 miles WNW. from Asmângird. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47 ※ SOURCE for Käfer « Je terminai ma traite à un autre caravanserai,nommé Kafer (2), qui est situé vis-à-vis d'unbeau village de quelque cent maisons, mais qu'onprend de loin pour une petite ville à cause dugrand nombre de ses jardins. fn. 2 Le käravansérây de Käfer et le village qui en dépend sont situés dans un pays charmant. La description qu'en donne Chardin est pleinement justifiée par celles de Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, et de Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244. [I finished my milking at another caravanserai, named Kafer (2), which is located opposite a beautiful village of about a hundred houses, but which from a distance is taken for a small town because of the large number of its gardens. fn. 2 The käravanséray of Käfer and the village which depends on it are located in a charming country. The description given by Chardin is fully justified by those of Thévenot, tom. IV, p. 447, and Fryer, New account of East India and Persia, etc. p. 244.] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 461 ※ SOURCE for Kafre « à peu de dis- tance est celui de Kâfre, que nous atteignons à une heure après-midi. [At a short distance is that of Kâfre, which we reach at one o'clock in the afternoon.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 458 ※ SOURCE for Khabr « Beyond Kuvar, also on the left bank of the river Sakkân, is the town of Khabr, noted for the tomb of Said, brother of Hasan-al-Basri, the theologian. Mustawfi states that Khabr was larger than Kuvar, and that near by was the famous castle of Tir-i-Khuda, 'God's Arrow,' so called from its inaccessibility, for it stood on a hill-top, so that no human arrow could attain it. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ p. 253 « Khabr (3). A medium-sized town, larger than Kavär, with a temperate climate; its water is wholesome. Its lands produce desert-wheat, also the fruits of both the hot and the cold region in excellent quality. It has a strong castle which is known as Tir-i-Khuda (God's Arrow), and game both of the mountain and the plain is found here. fn. 3 Modern Khafr. The Castle of God's Arrow according to the Fürs Namak was near Khayrah. » #1764 trans. G. Le Strange, The Geographical Part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub¯ Composed by Hamd-Allāh Mustawfi of Qazwin in 740 (1340), Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ 115 « Khabr (of Ardashir Khurrah) - Attestations: Khabr (town?) was located in Ardashir Khurrah according to Mādigān i Hezār Dādistān (MHD 78. 13) (78). The MHD (MHD A19.13-16) includes a phrase that implies that Khabr and Kovar were close to each other. The paragraph reads as follows: "In one place it is written, that if he declares this: 'if I do not depart to Kovar and Khabr on the day Ormizd, I shall give thirty dirhams', then if he departed to Kovar or to Khabr, he is not obliged to pay thirty dirhams". - Identification: The town and district of Khabr of Ardashir Khurrah was also recorded by an Islamic geographer (79). The modern village of Shahr-e Khafr (Town of Khafr) is located about 50 km to the southeast of Kovar, east of Firuzabad. fn. 78 Perikhanian 1997: 191, 282-3 fn. 79 Istakhri: 120; Ibn-e Howqal: 275 » #2877 Negin Miri, Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period, e-Sasanika, 2009, 10: ~ p. 20 ※ SOURCE for Khafr « Rivadaneyra continuing his journey from Firūzābād to Darab crossed the river by a ford between the villages of Tadwān and "Assun-Dscherd" (Asmängird?). He also admires the pleasant and flourishing aspect of Khafr. » #2645 The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition, Brill, Leiden, ~ vol. 6 p. 384 « The 27th daye we traveled lges. of very craggi and vneven waye. We picht in a caravanserow wthin a furlong of a litle towne called Chaffer [Kafr]. This towne standeth between two hilles weh lyeth on from the other a leauge or theraboutes. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, London, 1935 ~ p. 79 « At right of the 6 miles the village of Khafr is passed, ½ a mile to the E. of the road in a small valley. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 179 « (20) tο Khafr 8 farsakhs. A hamlet of date-palms where araq of Portuguese grapes is made. It is a bad road.is passed. At 3 leagues Tarsu [? sic), 2 leagues off the road. A large river is is passed. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 notes « Le dix-neuvième, je fus à chevalà quatre heures du matin, et marchai le long du vallon rempli de plusieurs villages, et que la même rivière dont je viens de parler rend assez fertile. Sur les huit heures je m'arrêtai à un carvansera bati en octogone, qui est à une grande lieue de la rivière, et dans cet espace il y a quelques villages. Le carvansera se nomme Khafr. [On the nineteenth, I mounted my horse at four o'clock in the morning and rode along the valley, which is dotted with several villages and made quite fertile by the same river I just mentioned. Around eight o'clock, I stopped at a caravanserai built in the shape of an octagon, about a league from the river, and within this area are several villages. The caravanserai is called Khafr.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 311 ※ SOURCE for Khafro « Khafro » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} Khaje'nazar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.97743 long 45.577 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khajeh nazar کاروانسرای خواجه نظر VARIANT names: Khājeh Nazar caravanserai , Khaje'nazar Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Khājeh Nazar caravanserai «1668-035 Khājeh Nazar Iran (Islamic Republic of) N38 58 38.8 E45 34 37.1 0.23 ha 18.75 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Khak Chupan Caravanserai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.677949 long 64.898367 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khak chopan کاروانسرای خاک چوپان VARIANT names: Khak Chupan Caravanserai , Khameneh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.387538 long 46.235276 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khamaneh کاروانسرای خامنه VARIANT names: Khameneh Caravanserai , Kham-i Ab : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.533324 long 65.700012 VARIANT names: Kham-i Ab , ※ SOURCE for Kham-i Ab « 2121. KHAM-I AB Lat. 37º 320 N, long. 65º 420 E. Map 24. Jauzjān Province. In the far north of the province on the left bank of the Amū Dāryā just before it leaves Afghan territory. Description: Ruins of a baked brick caravanserai. Fieldwork: Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 339—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 432 Khan ? : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 33.338912 long 44.382366 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ground area about 190x100 m, cluster of 3-4?, aligned southeast-northwest, cut through by horse tramway running northwest to southeast VARIANT names: Khan ? , ※ SOURCE for Khan ? « Khans » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library fig. City of Baghdad} Khan ? : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 33.347888 long 44.382299 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: approximately 100x80m, aligned southwest-northeast, west of track 80m from the gate Bab Almua'adam VARIANT names: Khan ? , ※ SOURCE for Khan ? « Khan » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library fig. City of Baghdad} Khan ? : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 33.333478 long 44.387601 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ground area about 120x72 m, aligned west-east VARIANT names: Khan ? , ※ SOURCE for Khan ? « Khan » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library fig. City of Baghdad} Khan ? : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 33.335951 long 44.388669 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: ground area rectangular about 85x70 m, aligned to river bank VARIANT names: Khan ? , ※ SOURCE for Khan ? « Khan » in {map#1400 in 'Handbook of Mesopotamia. Vol. III. 1917' [?421] (430/432), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/41/4, in Qatar Digital Library fig. City of Baghdad} Khan `Avazi : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3070533 coordinate: lat 30.418762 long 50.646485 VARIANT names: Khan `Avazi , Saadatabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Khan `Avazi eamena database ※ SOURCE for Saadatabad Caravanserai located in « Sa`adatabad » UFI -3757497 NIMA names: Sa`adatabad, سعادت آباد and 150 metres due west of « Khan `Avazi » UFI -3070533 coordinate lat 30.418889, long 50.648056 NIMA/GNS names: Khan `Avazi, خان عوضی detail from the Caravanserais of Iran dataset provided by the EAMENA Project Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford online reference link « We next entered a charming valley, shaded by clumps of trees, enclosed by high mountains, and watered by the river Shem Si-'arab (1), which winds its course through the hills in a S.W. direction. Having left the ruins of a kárvánseráï on the right, we crossed the river, and entered the plain of Lishter. fn. 1 Probably the Brizana of Nearchus (Vincent, p. 373). » #3039 Clement Augustus de Bode, Extracts from a Journal Kept While Travelling, in January, 1841, Through the Country of the Mamásení and Khógilú (Bakhtiyárí), Situated between Kázerún and Behbehan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1843 ~ p. 84 Khan Abu Jisrah : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Abu Jisra , Abu Jisrah , Khan Abu Jisrah , VARIANT names: Abu Jezreh caravanserai , Abu Jisra , Khan Abu Jisrah , Wiyjahea caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Abu Jezreh caravanserai « Leaving Abu Jezreh caravanserai the road runs over uneven hillocky ground liable to flood. On the r. is a deep, high-banked irrigation canal. Numerous irrigation channels cross the road which is somewhat confined with banked canals on either side up to Shahraban » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 186 ※ SOURCE for Abu Jisra « At 16 miles is a caravanserai of Abū Jisrā, in which there is accommodation for some 200 men and horses. This is not a usual halting place for caravans which generally go right through. There is plenty of room for camping close by. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 146 « Abu Jisra (car:) » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917} « Khan » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917} ※ SOURCE for Wiyjahea caravanserai « on the dreariest stretch of an apparently verdureless waste, we came on the caravanserai of Wiyjahea, a gateway with a room above it, a square court with high walls and arched 55recesses all round for goods and travellers, and large stables. A row of reed huts, another of Arab tents, and a hovel opposite the gateway, where a man with two guns within reach sells food, tobacco, and hair ropes, make up this place of horror. For, indeed, the only water is a brackish reedy pool, with its slime well stirred by the feet of animals, and every man's hand is against his brother. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 pp. 54-55 Khan Al Dhuloiya : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.051621 long 44.215601 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Al Dhuloiya , Khan Al-Dhuluiya , Khan Dhulu'iyeh , ※ SOURCE for Khan Al-Dhuluiya « Khan Al-Dhuluiyah is the only archaeological landmark that has remained standing to this day. It is one of (40) khans that were built in Iraq by the minister Omar Pasha during the time of the Ottoman Sultan Selim I for the period (1677-1681) AD... which is located in the middle of Al-Dhuluiyah. This khan was built from bricks and plaster. Its facades were built in the Ottoman style and covered with Islamic engravings and decorations. » Khan al-Dhuluiya was built of brick and plaster online reference link [accessed 12 Sep 2025] ※ SOURCE for Khan Dhulu'iyeh « Report, 1892, mentions Khan Dhulü'iyeh (Khan Dhulei'ah?) as a large khan on l. bank 1 m. above the mouth of the 'Adheim. In this neighbourhood the dry course of the old Nahrawan Canalis resumed on the 1. bank, here called Nahr er-Rasasi. 1 m. WNW. of the khan the course of the main bed of the Nahrawan Canal turns NW., while a branch, called Nahr el-Qa'im, continues to follow the l. bank of the river. ... it follows it more or less closely as far as the 'Adheim and Khãn Dhulu'iyeh as described in the preceding paragraphs. Its bed thus far is 100-140 yds. wide, and at the 'Adheim it is 20 ft. below the surface-level. Above the Khan the main canal, diverging from the river as described above (p. 81), is almost obliterated. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ pp. 31 and 33 Khan Al Mahmudiyyah : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.056804 long 44.364967 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: The historic Khan Al-Mahmoudiya (Khan Al-Bir) خان المحمودية الأثري (خان البير) VARIANT names: Khan Al Mahmudiyyah , ※ SOURCE for Khan Al Mahmudiyyah Khan Al Mahmudiyyah online reference link [accessed 27 Aug 2025] Khan al Mashahida : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 33.6252778 long 44.2788889 NIMA/GNS names: Khan al Mashahida , Khan al Mashahidah , Khan Mashahida , Mushahida , VARIANT names: Khan al Mashahida , ※ SOURCE for Khan al Mashahida « The khan at Mushahidah is of brick, 100 yards by 90, outside measurements; stabling all round, walls 18 feet high, parapet on top 5 feet high; the top is crenelated. A balakhana with three rooms; the whole solidly built; drain holes on roof at 12 feot intervals could be used as loopholes. A semi-circular bastion at each comer and a small square one in middle of curtain. On the east side facing the main gateway at a distance of 50 yards is a Zaptieh post of sun-dried bricks, 2 storeys (with 2 rooms on top and stabling for 6 horses beneath), a small courtyard 15 yards by 12. Ten yards to the south of the Zaptich post is a well, water perennial but brackish, 35 feet below surface. On the north side of the khan a few native mud huts at 40 yards distance. Inside the khan, above the stables, is a terrace with the domes of the stables sticking up through it. This terrace is about 39 feet wide. Water can be had from the river 4 miles off by mounted bhisties. The country round the khan is almost a desert. » #2851 'Routes in Arabia', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/16/3, in Qatar Digital Library, 1915, ~ p. 680 Khan Al-Atishi : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.668186 long 44.160413 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Al-Atishi , ※ SOURCE for Khan Al-Atishi « Khan al-Atishi is located at the entrance to the Al-Hussainiya district of Karbala Governorate, which is located 17 km to the northeast of the city. The history of the construction of the khan is attributed to the Ottoman governor Suleiman Pasha the Great, and its construction was in the year 1209 AH-1793 AD. Suleiman Pasha the Great took over the governorship of Baghdad and ruled for about 22 years (1194-1217 AH/1780-1802 AD). He carried out some construction works, including the reconstruction of the eastern wall of Baghdad, and he built a wall and a trench on the side of Karkh. » online reference link [accessed 13 Sep 2025] Khan al-Mudallal : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.343828 long 44.386996 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan al-Mudallal , Khan al-Rubu' : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.473549 long 44.159052 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan al-Nukhaylah , Khan al-Rubu' , Khan ar Rab` , Khan Al-Sa'awiya : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.078736 long 44.055145 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: khan alsueyawiat alathariu خان الصعيوية الاثري VARIANT names: Khan Al-Sa'awiya , Khan Bani Saad caravanserai, Diyala : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.572058 long 44.542433 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Bani Saad caravanserai, Diyala , old ruinous Caravansara , Orta Khan , ※ SOURCE for Khan Bani Saad caravanserai, Diyala Conservation and Rehabilitation of the Khan Bani Saad Caravanserai, Diyala online reference link [accessed 26 Aug 2025] ※ SOURCE for old ruinous Caravansara « February 20. We ferried our goods and Camels over y River Deala. We rose about sun set, and lay at an old ruinous Caravansarai: 3 hours riding towards Bagdat. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ p. 218 ※ SOURCE for Orta Khan « From the well, our course went nearly a point more northerly; and after going for two hours on a similar road, we reached the khan, or caravanserai, called also "Orta Khan," from an idea of its being midway between Bagdad and Bakouba. The khan appeared to be small, and built of bricks. A few huts were seen near it, and the barking of dogs showed these to be inhabited; but as we passed through, leaving the dwellings on our right, and the khan on our left, without alighting, we saw none of the people of the place. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 8 « Towards evening the shams disappeared, the waste purpled as the sun sank, and after riding fifteen miles we halted near the mud village of Orta Khan, a place with brackish water and no supplies but a little brackish sheep's milk. The caravanserai was abominable, and we rode on to a fine gravelly camping-ground, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 49 Khan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.550147 long 44.959878 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khan کاروانسرای خان VARIANT names: Khan Caravanserai , Khan Caravanserai, Khoy : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.5501358537032 long 44.95987348703 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Caravanserai, Khoy , Khuy caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Khan Caravanserai, Khoy , ※ SOURCE for Khuy caravansaray « Thence onwards to the very walls of Khúy (appropriately styled " Darus- safá," " the Abode of Delight ") our way lay through pleasant gardens of poplars, willows, and fruit-trees, and fields planted with cotton. At 3.30 P.M. we entered the town, and put up at a clean and well - constructed caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 50 Khan el-Bir : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none used kilometre position coordinate: lat 33.4794444 long 44.4872222 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not visible in google earth. coordinates given are for modern place name. VARIANT names: Khan el-Bir , ※ SOURCE for Khan el-Bir « 11 Khan el-Bir ruins on r. Limited supply of brackish water. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 184 Khan Jedeideh : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.634521 long 44.415088 † basis (approximate location coordinates) Supplement: 2 khans not visible in google earth. coordinates given are for modern place name. VARIANT names: caravanserai , Jadida , Khan Jedaida , Khan Jedeideh , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « Nous marchâmes jusqu'à trois heures et un quart du matin dans le désert. Nulle trace de culture ne s'offrait à nos yeux. Nous quittâmes la cara-vane pour nous arrêter au caravansérail, près duquel est un hameau d'une dizaine de feux. [We walked until a quarter past three in the morning through the desert. No trace of cultivation was in sight. We left the caravan to stop at the caravanserai, near which is a hamlet of about ten fires.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 220 ※ SOURCE for Khan Jedaida « Khan Jedaida » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No.2 Baghdad 1917} ※ SOURCE for Khan Jedeideh « 18 Jedeideh, 300 houses, in a grove of date gardens, enclosed by a mud wall; two khans. (The distance given by the authority here followed is perhaps too short. Jedeideh may be 20-21 m. from the Mo'adhdham Gate.) The first khan reached on entering the village is about 80 yds. square, with stabling for 200 horses, having a well in the centre, with water 20 ft. below the surface. The other khan, near the river, is 60 yds. square, with stabling for 100 horses. To NE. are numerous villages along the Nahr Khalis, and canal from the Diyāleh. Small canals cross the road flowing towards Hawesh. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 144 Khan Khoreh caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.843895 long 53.132397 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Carawansera with ponds , Conacorra caravensaroy , Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh , Khan Khoreh caravanserai , Khan-e-Khurra , Khan-i-Khure caravansaray , ※ SOURCE for Carawansera with ponds « On the 25 we had very good weather, and the Way also reaso|nable good so that in good time we got to a Carawansera, which lay about 8 Dutch Miles, or somthing more from the other. Near this place are divers Ponds of sweet Water affoarding also great plenty of Fish: wherefore we went to Angle, and took about 40 Carps, which because of the Novelty were very acceptable, having eaten nothing all the way but salt Meat. These Ponds as well as the Carawansera were made, as we understood from an Inscription over the Door, at the Charges of the Dutch East India Company. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 330 ※ SOURCE for Conacorra caravensaroy « 12th [February]. At midnight set out for Conacorra, 8 farsangs, good plain way: arrived at our stage about 7 in the morning, an old ruinated caravensaroy built castlewise with six bastions; no village near it, nor can have nothing except provender for our beasts, A small spring of water just by the door. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh « Karawanenhaltepunkt Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Taf. 10,3.4) (Abb. 5; 100) (74)Lage: 31 km südöstlich von Surmaq, 29 km nördlich von Dehbid, in + 2140 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfa-han nach Shiraz und an einer Abzweigung nach Abarku und Yazd.Am Platz sind zu unterscheiden: Ein Karavanserail mit jüngerem Anbau einer Gendarmeriestation, ein rundes Quellhaus, eine kleinere Hofanlage mit Ecktürmen, zwei ruinöse Stallgebäude und ein größerer, stark zerstörter Komplex sowie ein weiterer kleiner Rundbau (Turm).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Achteckbau mit Rundtürmen und betontem, aber nicht vorgezogenem Portal. Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen und vier Stallabteilungen (Abb. 101). Abmessungen: Außenmaße 52 × 52 m, lichte Weite des Hofes 28 m (Abb.101), Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,50 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 7,20 m (Abb. 102).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, verputzt. Natur-steinsockel und Fassadenaufbau aus gebrannten Ziegeln (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell erheb-lich beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Das Quellhaus:Typ: Rundbau mit flacher Decke, die als Übernach-tungsplattform diente (Abb. 103).Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser 5,90 m, Höhe der Plattform über dem Boden 1,80 m. Wasserstand bei 1,70 m unter der Erdoberfläche. Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - Die Schnitte und die Frontansicht wurden am 9. 6. 1987 vermessen und das Quellhaus am 12.6. 1987. [Caravan Stop Khaneh Khorreh (Khaneh Khowrreh) (Plate 10.3.4) (Figs. 5; 100) (74)Location: 31 km southeast of Surmaq, 29 km north of Dehbid, at an elevation of 2140 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and at a junction to Abarku and Yazd.The following structures can be distinguished at the site: a caravanserai with a later addition of a gendarmerie station, a round spring house, a smaller courtyard complex with corner towers, two ruined stable buildings, a larger, heavily damaged complex, and another small round building (tower).The Caravanserai:Type: Octagonal building with round towers and a prominent, but not projecting, entrance. Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four stable compartments (Fig. 101). Dimensions: External dimensions 52 × 52 m, clear width of the courtyard 28 m (Fig. 101), height of the courtyard facades 6.50 m and height of the portal structure 7.20 m (Fig. 102).Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered. Natural stone base and facade structure made of fired bricks (22 × 22 × 5 cm).Structural features and condition: Partially significantly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.The spring house:Type: Rotunda with a flat roof, which served as an overnight platform (Fig. 103).Dimensions: Outer diameter 5.90 m, height of the platform above ground 1.80 m. Water level at 1.70 m below ground level.Building material: Rubble masonry, plastered.74 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran (Cairo 1949) 73. - The sections and the front view were measured on June 9, 1987, and the spring house on June 12, 1987.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 60 ※ SOURCE for Khan Khoreh caravanserai « Good spring water at the Khan-i-Kora caravansarai, which is a large hexagonal masonry building with sides of 55 feet and small towers at the angles. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189 ※ SOURCE for Khan-e-Khurra « Sur la route d'Ispahan à Chiraz, les caravansérails de Deh-bid, d'Amir-abád et de Khán-e-Khurra, tous les trois octogonaux, montrent de quelle ingénieuse façon les bâtisseurs éliminèrent ce défaut.Beaucoup plus vastes que Tchâhár-åbåd, ces monuments profitent de cours spacieuses. Les huit façades égales sont donc plus développées.[On the road from Isfahan to Shiraz, the octagonal caravanserais of Deh-bid, Amir-abad, and Khán-e-Khurra demonstrate the ingenious way in which the builders eliminated this drawback. Much larger than Tchâhár-abad, these monuments benefit from spacious courtyards. Their eight equal façades are therefore more elaborate.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 183 ※ SOURCE for Khan-i-Khure caravansaray « about 4 P.M. , we reached the disconsolate stone caravansaray of Khán- i- Khurré, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 233 Khan Murjan : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 33.338656 long 44.392685 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: EAMENA-0179621 Khan Murjan caravanserai Baghdad : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.338662 long 44.392656 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Murjan , Khan Murjan caravanserai Baghdad , ※ SOURCE for Khan Murjan EAMENA-0179621 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Khan Murjan caravanserai Baghdad Khan Murjan online reference link [accessed 26 Aug 2025] Khan Nahrwan : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 33.883333 long 44.498151 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan Nahrawan , Khan Nahrwan , ※ SOURCE for Khan Nahrawan « Khan Nahrawan » in {map#1399 in '23. Baghdad – Samarra’ [?7r] (1/2), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/72/2, f 7, in Qatar Digital Library fig. } « At 7 h. 15 m. we passed Yangíjeh, the first Tátár-station from Baghdad. We then altered our course to N.E., and at 8 h. 20 m. halted at Khán Nahrawán, built between two cuts from the Khális, running nearly N.W. and S.E. From the top of the Khán the village of Dál?awát bore S. by E. E.; Hebhet, S. W.; Yangíjeh, S.W. S.; Sa'diyah, S.W. W.; Sindíyah, W. by N.; a ruin called Neï, N. by W. W.; the tomb of Seyyid Turkán, E. N. Close under the Khán, on its northern side, there is a very broad and deep ancient canal, which having left the Tigris above Sindíyah, runs from N.W. W. to S.E. E., is now dry and called Nahrawán, in common with the great canal a little way N. of it, or rather they are called Nahrawán 'Aïn, and I am told run parallel (at a very trifling distance) to the Diyálah, below Bakúbá. » #3589 John Ross, A Journey from Baghdád to the Ruins of Opis, and the Median Wall, in 1834, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1841 vol. 11:pp. 121-136 ~ p. 122 ※ SOURCE for Khan Nahrwan « Names of Places North of Baghdad: Khán Nahrwán, on the ancient Katúl Position of Observation: Doorway ... Khan al-Atishi is located at the entrance to the Al-Hussainiya district of Karbala Governorate, which is located 17 km to the northeast of the city. The history of the construction of the khan is attributed to the Ottoman governor Suleiman Pasha the Great, and its construction was in the year 1209 AH-1793 AD. Suleiman Pasha the Great took over the governorship of Baghdad and ruled for about 22 years (1194-1217 AH/1780-1802 AD). He carried out some construction works, including the reconstruction of the eastern wall of Baghdad, and he built a wall and a trench on the side of Karkh. » » #3588 Felix Jones, Commander, Indian Navy, and Surveyor in Mesopotamia, Topography of Nineveh, illustrative of the Maps of the chief Citics of Assyria; and the general Geography of the Country inter-mediate between the Tigris and the Upper Zab., in: , , Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, , 1855 vol. 15, ~ p. 375-6 Khan of the Head Goldsmith : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.661287 long 51.677731 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khan of the Head Goldsmith , ※ SOURCE for Khan of the Head Goldsmith « No 7 Khan of the Head Goldsmith. Emphasizing the links between the Qaysariyya Bazaar and the court, this facility hosted the goldsmith who directly supplied the imperial household. » #3682 Derek Bryce, Kevin D. O’Gorman, Ian W.F. Baxter, Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: the caravanserai of Isfahan, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013 vol. 25:no. 2:pp. 204-226 ~ p. 219 Khanat Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.667037 long 51.430074 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khanat کاروانسرای خانات VARIANT names: Khanat Caravanserai , Khane Zeinan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.673746 long 52.145879 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khane Zeinan Caravanserai , Khaneh Zenyan Qadjarisches Karavanserail , Khoneh Zemoon caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Zenyan Qadjarisches Karavanserail « Karawanen-Halteort Khaneh Zenyan (Abb. 5; 59)Lage: 44 km westlich von Shiraz, an der Straße von Bu-shehr nach Shiraz, in + 1900 m ü. N. N., an einer Brücke über den Rudkhaneh Mand44. Es ist ein safavidisches Karavan-serail im Ort von einem gegenüber liegenden, älteren Kara-vanserail und einem außerhalb des Ortes gelegenen, qadjari-schen Karavanserail zu unterscheiden.c.) Qadjarisches Karavanserail (Taf. 6,4; 7,1.2) (46)Lage: Außerhalb des Dorfes auf der Westseite des Ruhkhaneh Mand.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vierseitig umlaufenden Stallungen sowie mit sechsseitigen Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne die Turmvorsprünge 80 x 77 m; Hofabmessungen 44 x 35,80 m (Abb. 63), Fassa-denhöhe 8,40 m (Abb. 64).Baumaterial: Verputztes Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark beschädigt und partiell einsturzgefährdet.Inschriften: Die Inschriftentafel über dem Eingang ist entfernt.Datierung: 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.Wahrscheinlich in diesem Karavanserail ist der Leiter der preußischen Gesandtschaft an den Hof Fath-Ali Shahs, Freiherr Julius von Minutoli, auf der Reise nach Shiraz am 5. 11. 1860 gestorben. Er wurde auf dem christlichen Friedhof in Shiraz bestattet, sein Grabstein befindet sich jetzt im Garten der Deutschen Botschaft in Teheran (Taf.7.3).fn 46 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 f., Fig. 48. Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 22.9. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan stop Khaneh Zenyan (Fig. 5; 59)Location: 44 km west of Shiraz, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, at a bridge over the Rudkhaneh Mand River.44 A Safavid caravanserail is located within the village, while an older caravanserail is situated opposite it and a Qajar caravanserail is located outside the village.c.) Qajar caravanserail (Plates 6.4; 7.1.2) (46)Location: Outside the village on the west side of the Rudkhaneh Mand River.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and stables surrounding all four sides, as well as hexagonal corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions excluding the tower projections 80 x 77 m; Courtyard dimensions 44 x 35.80 m (Fig. 63), facade height 8.40 m (Fig. 64).Building material: Plastered rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The building is severely damaged and partially at risk of collapse.Inscriptions: The inscription plaque above the entrance has been removed.Dating: Second half of the 19th century.It is likely that Baron Julius von Minutoli, head of the Prussian legation to the court of Fath-Ali Shah, died in this caravanserai on November 5, 1860, while traveling to Shiraz. He was buried in the Christian cemetery in Shiraz; his gravestone is now located in the garden of the German Embassy in Tehran (Plate 7.3). fn 46 M. Siroux, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières (Cairo 1949) 86 f., Fig. 48. Sections and views were measured on 22.9.1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Khoneh Zemoon caravansera « It was in this valley that we found the first caravansera, with a few huts attached to it, called Khoneh Zemoon, and esteemed to be seven fursucks from Shiraz. As our horses were fresh, we did not halt here, but pursued our way to the westward, over a country similar to that already described. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 316 Khaneh Kird : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: this is the approximate location using Abbott's distances and bearing given in the reference below. It appears to be about 1.2kms NW of Khaneh-i-Kat. Google earth imagery is too poor to visually locate the caravanserai. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Khaneh Ket , Khaneh Kird , Khunake Small House , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khaneh Ket « Karavanserail Khaneh Ket (Taf. 19,1) (Abb. 5; 163) (113)Lage: 26 km östlich von Divdan und 79 km nordwest-lich von Neyriz, in + 1540 m ü.N.N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Sirdjan und Kerman. Zwischen Khaneh Ket und Neyriz ist eine weitere Karawanenstation, etwa bei Sahl Abad (35 km östlich von Khaneh Ket) zu erwarten. 13 km östlich von Khaneh Ket stehen die Reste (114) eines wahrschein-lich sasanidischen Feuertempels (Cahartaq).Typ: Das Karavanserail Khaneh Ket ist eine Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen und vier Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne vorspringenden Por-talbau 33 × 30,50 m, Hofabmessungen 17,50 × 17 m, Gebäu-dehöhe etwa 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark beschädigt und partiell vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 113 Der Bau wurde am 18. 4. 1975 vermessen.fn 114 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 232 f. [Khaneh Ket Caravanserai (Plate 19.1) (Figs. 5; 163) (113)Location: 26 km east of Divdan and 79 km northwest of Neyriz, at an elevation of 1540 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Sirjan and Kerman. Another caravan station is expected between Khaneh Ket and Neyriz, near Sahl Abad (35 km east of Khaneh Ket). The remains (114) of a likely Sasanian fire temple (Cahartaq) are located 13 km east of Khaneh Ket.Type: The Khaneh Ket Caravanserai is a courtyard complex with two iwans and four stable sections. Dimensions: External dimensions without projecting gatehouse 33 × 30.50 m, courtyard dimensions 17.50 × 17 m, building height approximately 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged and partially completely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn 113 The building was surveyed on April 18, 1975.fn 114 AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 232 f.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 91 ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Kird « Khaneh Kird, consisting of a tower, a ruined caravanserai, and a well, occurred at the 24th mile; thence, by a gentle ascent over a hard stony road, we crossed some low hills and passed abreast of an island nearly divided in two. » #3106 Keith Edward Abbott, Geographical Notes, Taken during a Journey in Persia in 1849 and 1850, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1855 ~ p. 75 ※ SOURCE for Khunake Small House « Von Neiriz führt eine Straße am Südrande des Neiriz-Salzsees bis nach Shiraz. An dieser Straße liegen im Abstand von jeweils 25 km safavidische Karawansarais, die aber heute fast gänzlich zerstört sind. Ich fand noch 2 Gebäude vor: 91 km von Neiriz liegt einsam die Ruine Khunake Kleines Haus (Abb. 13), ursprünglich ein Geviert von 32: 30 m Seitenlänge mit zwei Reihen Kuppelgewölben um den Mittelhof. Der Eingang ist mit kleinen Türmen versehen, in denen sich tiefe Nischen befinden. Hinter dem Tor führen Treppen zum Dach hinauf. Heute dient das Gebäude einer Hirtenfamilie als Speicher. [A road leads from Neiriz along the southern edge of the Neiriz Salt Lake to Shiraz. There are Safavid caravanserais on this road, each 25 km apart, but they are now almost completely destroyed. I found two more buildings: 91 km from Neiriz is the lonely ruin of Khunake Small House (Fig. 13), originally a square with sides 32:30 m long with two rows of domed vaults around the central courtyard. The entrance has small towers with deep niches. Behind the gate, stairs lead up to the roof. Today the building serves as a storehouse for a shepherd family.] » #3367 Gropp, G., Nadjmabadi, S.,, Bericht ¸ber eine Reise in West- und Südiran, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1970 vol. 3:pp. 173-230. ~ p. 197 Khaneh Nahr caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.816523 long 53.494532 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: site location uncertain , but also mentioned by Stein VARIANT names: Khaneh Nahr caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Nahr caravanserai persian text omitted « It seems that this caravanserai also belongs to the Safavid period. Like the Shah Abbasi caravanserai Khaneh Nahr, it was located on the caravan route to Jahrom. » #3365 Majid Mansouri, Archaeological Survey of the Kordian District, Jahrom, Fars, Iran (In Persian), Payam Baratshenas Magazine, 2015 yr.12: issue 23: ~ p. 89 Khaneh Zenyan Altes Karavanserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.669972 long 52.150757 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khaneh Zenyan Altes Karavanserail , ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Zenyan Altes Karavanserail « Karawanen-Halteort Khaneh Zenyan (Abb. 5; 59)Lage: 44 km westlich von Shiraz, an der Straße von Bu-shehr nach Shiraz, in + 1900 m ü. N. N., an einer Brücke über den Rudkhaneh Mand44. Es ist ein safavidisches Karavan-serail im Ort von einem gegenüber liegenden, älteren Kara-vanserail und einem außerhalb des Ortes gelegenen, qadjari-schen Karavanserail zu unterscheiden.a.) Altes Karavanserail (Taf. 6,2) (45)Lage: Im Bereich des Dorfes, nahe der Mandbrücke.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stallab-teilungen und runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 37 × 36,50 m, Hofabmes-sungen 21 x 19 m (Abb. 60).Baumaterial: Bruchsteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer stört, Gewölbehöhen auf etwa 3 m bestimmbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder früher.fn 45 Das Alte und das Safavidische Karavanserail wurden am 4. 12. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan Stop Khaneh Zenyan (Fig. 5; 59)Location: 44 km west of Shiraz, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, at a bridge over the Rudkhaneh Mand River.44 A Safavid caravanserail is located within the village, while an older caravanserail is situated opposite it and a Qadjar caravanserail is located outside the village.a.) Old Caravanserail (Plate 6.2) (45)Location: Within the village, near the Mand bridge.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, six stable compartments, and round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions 37 × 36.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21 × 19 m (Fig. 60).Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged, vault heights determined to be approximately 3 m.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid or earlier.fn 45 The Old and Safavid Caravanserai were surveyed on December 4, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 38 Khaneh Zenyan Safavidisches Karavanserail : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.670393 long 52.151084 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khaneh Zenyan Safavidisches Karavanserail , ※ SOURCE for Khaneh Zenyan Safavidisches Karavanserail « Karawanen-Halteort Khaneh Zenyan (Abb. 5; 59)Lage: 44 km westlich von Shiraz, an der Straße von Bu-shehr nach Shiraz, in + 1900 m ü. N. N., an einer Brücke über den Rudkhaneh Mand44. Es ist ein safavidisches Karavan-serail im Ort von einem gegenüber liegenden, älteren Kara-vanserail und einem außerhalb des Ortes gelegenen, qadjari-schen Karavanserail zu unterscheiden.b.) Safavidisches Karavanserail (Taf. 6,3) (Abb. 61)Lage: Am Ortsrand, dem Alten Karavanserail gegen-über (Abb. 59).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen und wahrscheinlich zwei (zerstörten) Wohnhöfen (Abb. 61).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 62 × 57 m, Hofabmessungen 36 × 31 m und 4,90 m Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 62).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 45 Das Alte und das Safavidische Karavanserail wurden am 4. 12. 1988 vermessen. [Caravan stop Khaneh Zenyan (Figs. 5; 59)Location: 44 km west of Shiraz, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz, at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, at a bridge over the Rudkhaneh Mand River. A Safavid caravanserail is located within the town, while an older caravanserail is situated opposite it and a Qadjar caravanserail is located outside the town.b.) Safavid caravanserail (Plate 6.3) (Fig. 61)Location: On the edge of the town, opposite the older caravanserail (Fig. 59).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, two stable sections, and probably two (destroyed) residential courtyards (Fig. 61). Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 62 × 57 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 31 m, and facade height 4.90 m (Fig. 62).Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Partially heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn 45 The Old and Safavid Caravanserai were surveyed on December 4, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 38 Khaneh-i- Shaikh Farhan ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.656958 long 48.875014 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Khaneh-i- Shaikh Farhan ? , ※ SOURCE for Khaneh-i- Shaikh Farhan ? « Lim Kathir | On the left bank 5 miles below Umm-al-Wawi and 2 miles by land above Küt Bandar; Shüshtar lies 16 miles north-east. | A combined fort and caravanserai built of mud, known also Khaneh-i- Shaikh Farhan | This was until very recently the head-quarters of the Shaikh Farhan Asad, one of the heads of the Kathir tribe, but he has now removed Deh-i-Nau. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 12 Khanh-ye Rokni : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.653696 long 56.6439 NIMA/GNS names: Khaneh-ye Rokni , Khanh-ye Rokni , خانه رکنی , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Khaneh-ye Rokni , Khanh-ye Rokni , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khaneh-ye Rokni « Karavanserail Khaneh-ye Rokni (Abb. 5 und 100) (108)Lage: In der Wüste von Tabas, 20 km südwestlich von Cahar Deh, 33 km von Tabas entfernt, an einer Kurzstrecke von Tabas nach Kalmard. Typ und Erhaltungszustand sind unbekannt; der Bau ist nicht vermessen. fn 108 Ebenda., Blatt II-36-B. - Die Ruine wurde nicht besucht. [Caravanserail Khaneh-ye Rokni (Figs. 5 and 100) (108)Location: In the Tabas Desert, 20 km southwest of Cahar Deh, 33 km from Tabas, on a short stretch of road from Tabas to Kalmard. Type and state of preservation are unknown; the structure has not been surveyed.fn 108 Ibid., sheet II-36-B. - The ruin has not been visited.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 71 Khan-i-Baran : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none used kilometre position coordinate: lat 33.505393 long 44.384444 † basis (unknown) Supplement: not visible in google earth. coordinates given are based on mileage VARIANT names: Khan-i-Baran , ※ SOURCE for Khan-i-Baran « 11 Pass Khan-i-Badran, in ruins, and for the next 2 m. some irrigation channels with marshy ground extending towards the river. Ruins of Bint Hasan to E. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 144 Kharazan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.511437 long 49.623486 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye kharzan کاروانسرای خرزان VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kharzan , Kharazan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kharzan « Karavanserail Kharzan (Taf. 7,4) (Abb. 4 und 91) (74)Lage: 50km nordwestlich von Qazvin, 8km nördlich des Passes zwischen dem Flußsystem des Shahrud und dem iranischen Zentralbecken in + 1550 m ü. N.N., am direkten Weg von Bandar-e Anzali (Bandar Enzeli) und Rasht nach Qazvin.Das Karavanserail liegt im Dorf, von mehreren Häusern umgeben, nördlich unterhalb einer Burgstelle (Abb.91), die hellgelbgraue bis hellrötlichbraune, unglasierte, vor- bis früh-islamische Keramik, hauptsächlich Vorratsgefäße (Abb.92) erbrachte. Vor dem Eingang in das Karavanserail steht eine graue Tiefengestein-Säulenbasis (Abb.91), die zusammen mit zwei weiteren Basen beim Bau der Gasleitung nach Rußland im Bereich des Dorfes gefunden wurde. Weitere mögliche Funde und Befunde sind unbekannt.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen, Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau (Abb.93).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 50,20 × 47,60 m, Hofmaße 27,30 x 25,60 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 7 m (Abb.94).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel 21/21/5cm (Taf.8,1.2).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau befindet sich in relativ gutem Zustand, wird als Stallung und Scheune genutzt.Inschriften: Eine Bauinschrift über dem Portal ist entwendet.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 74 Das Karavanserail wurde am 3. 8. 1983 vermessen und die Burgstelle besucht. [Caravanserai Kharzan (Plate 7.4) (Figs. 4 and 91) (74)Location: 50 km northwest of Qazvin, 8 km north of the pass between the Shahrud river system and the Iranian Central Basin at an elevation of 1550 m above sea level, on the direct route from Bandar-e Anzali (Bandar Enzeli) and Rasht to Qazvin.The caravanserai is located in the village, surrounded by several houses, just north of a fortified settlement (Fig. 91), which yielded light yellowish-gray to light reddish-brown, unglazed, pre- to early Islamic pottery, mainly storage vessels (Fig. 92). In front of the caravanserai entrance stands a gray plutonic column base (Fig. 91), which, along with two other bases, was discovered during the construction of the gas pipeline to Russia in the vicinity of the village. Further possible finds and features are unknown.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, corner towers, and a projecting gatehouse (Fig. 93).Dimensions: External dimensions 50.20 × 47.60 m, courtyard dimensions 27.30 × 25.60 m, gatehouse height 7 m (Fig. 94).Building material: Fired bricks 21/21/5 cm (Plate 8.1.2).Structural features and condition: The building is in relatively good condition and is used as a stable and barn.Inscriptions: A building inscription above the gatehouse has been stolen.Dating: Safavid.fn 74 The caravanserai was surveyed and the fortified site visited on August 3, 1983.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 57 Khargur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat .0447997687 long 466 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khargor کاروانسرای خرگور VARIANT names: Khargur Caravanserai , Kharrazi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.882393 long 59.21096 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye baradaran kharazi کاروانسرای برادران خرازی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Birdjand , Kharrazi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Birdjand « Karavanserail Birdjand (Abb. 5 und 75) (89)Lage: Das Karavanserail von Birdjand steht im Bereich der Altstadt östlich des Burghügels.Es ist nicht vermessen.fn 89 Birdjand wurde am 10.3.1976 besucht. Das Karavanserail konnte nicht vermessen werden. [ 1,223 Birdjand Caravanserail (Figs. 5 and 75) (89)Location: The Birdjand caravanserail is located in the old town area, east of the castle hill.It has not been surveyed.fn 89 Birdjand was visited on March 10, 1976. The caravanserail could not be surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 57 Khaun of Pool-i- Zohaub (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.4564 long 45.860533 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not verified VARIANT names: Caravan-Serai , Khan Serpool , Khaun of Pool-i- Zohaub (?) , ※ SOURCE for Caravan-Serai « Quivi accompagnatomi con alcuni Vetturali, che battevano la ſteſſa ſtrada, vedendo, che l'aria era ingombra di nuvole, e minacciava pioggia, affrettammo il paffo per giungere ſenza bagnarci al Caravan-Serai, in cui dovevamo pernottare. Io ficcome ero ſgombro dal peſo, precorli molto avanti alla piccola Caravana, e volendo entrar nella ſtalla per allocarvi la Beſtia., viddi con mio ſpavento quattro Turchi Curdini, che ſtavano ſeannando un pover Uomo. Il timore del ſangue difcacciò da me quello della pioggia, onde a più non poſſo sforzai il giumento per tornare a riunirmi co' compagni, rivoltan-domi di tant in tanto a dietro, per vedere ſe que Curdini venivano inſeguendo; giunto che fui ſopra di un ponticello, non vedendo ch' alcuno m' inſeguiffe aſpettai la Caravana e con ella ritornai al Caravan-Serai, ove a riſerva di poche goccie di ſangue, altro non tro-vammo, poſcia che altrove avevano portato quel cadavere. [There, accompanied by some drivers who were traveling the same route, seeing that the air was heavy with clouds and threatening rain, we hurried along the road to reach the caravan serai, where we were to spend the night, without getting wet. Since I was light, I went well ahead of the small caravan, and as I was about to enter the stable to put the animal there, I saw, to my horror, four Curdini Turks who were slaughtering a poor man. The fear of blood drove away the fear of rain from me, so I forced the donkey to rejoin my companions as hard as I could, turning back every now and then to see if those Curdini were pursuing me. When I reached a small bridge, and seeing no one following me, I waited for the Caravan and returned with it to the Caravan-Serai, where, apart from a few drops of blood, we found nothing else, since the corpse had been taken elsewhere.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 192 ※ SOURCE for Khan Serpool « The khan however is large and commodious, and was built by the Shah Zade of Persia, for the accommodation of the Kerbelai, as they are called, namely, those who go on pilgrimage to the Tombs of Imam Ali and Imam Hussein, none but those who go to Mecca being dignified with the title of Hadjee. Serpool stands near to a remarkable pass between the two detached masses of bare lime-stone rock, rising in spiral points from the Plain, as if shot up from the earth by the most violent effort of nature; and it has running by it a stream of good water, for the comfort of those who may halt there. The level tract extending from it to the eastward was irrigated by canals from this stream, and covered by rice-grounds in full verdure. Our way across this plain lay south-east for about half an hour along the foot of the bare and steep masses of rock described, having these on our left » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 54-5 ※ SOURCE for Khaun of Pool-i- Zohaub (?) « During our march through this latter pass, we forded a shallow river running to the south-west. At some distance onward, we re-crossed the same stream over a very respectable bridge ; and soon after entered the spacious khaun of Pool-i- Zohaub ; khaun being the term for a caravansary, in the Turkish dominions ; the name of this one is derived from that of the bridge, and the river flowing near its walls . » #3184 Sir Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylonia, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1821 ~ vol. 2 pp. 208-9 Kheyrabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qal'eh Madresseh , Kheyrabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Madresseh « Karavanserail Qal'eh Madresseh bei Kheyrabad Bala (Taj 34:41) (Abb33)Lage: 7 km östlich des modernen Dorfes Kheyrabad und 6 km nordwestlich der Brücken von Kheyrabad Bala, am Wege von Behbahan nach Do Gonbadan (Ahvaz-Shiraz), in +350 mü.N.N.Südlich neben dem noch als Ruine erhaltenen Gebäude soll sich nach Auskunft älterer Einheimischer ein Karavanse rail befunden haben, das abgerissen und von einem modernen Dorf überbaut wurde.Typ: Hofanlage mit 4 Iwanen, keine Stallungen, weshalb der Bau sehr wahrscheinlich als Koranschule (Madresseh) er-richtet und benutzt wurde. Später jedoch, nach Aufgabe als Koranschule, bekam das Gebäude die Funktion einer Station, weshalb es hier erwähnt wird.Abmessungen: 52,80 x 52,30 m Außenmaße, 32,50 x 32,50 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Iwane 6,30 m (Abb. 34).Baumaterial: In gebrannten Ziegeln (21/21/5 cm) errich-tet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude besitzt einen Haupteingang auf seiner Nordseite und 8 schmale Zugänge zu den einzelnen Zellen, sowie Außentür-me auf der West- und auf der Ostseite. Die Anlage ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Nach Art der Anlage in safavidischer Zeit entstanden. [Caravanserai Qal'eh Madresseh near Kheyrabad Bala (Taj 34:41) (Fig. 33)Location: 7 km east of the modern village of Kheyrabad and 6 km northwest of the bridges of Kheyrabad Bala, on the road from Behbahan to Do Gonbadan (Ahvaz-Shiraz), at an elevation of 350 meters above sea level.According to older locals, a caravanserai once stood south of the still-existing ruins of this building. It was later demolished and replaced by a modern village.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, no stables, which suggests that the building was very likely constructed and used as a Koranic school (Madresseh). Later, however, after being abandoned as a Koranic school, the building served as a station, which is why it is mentioned here.Dimensions: 52.80 x 52.30 m external dimensions, 32.50 x 32.50 m courtyard dimensions, iwan height 6.30 m (Fig. 34).Building material: Constructed of fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building has a main entrance on its north side and eight narrow entrances to the individual cells, as well as exterior towers on the west and east sides. The structure is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Based on the style of the structure, it dates to the Safavid period.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 26 ※ SOURCE for Kheyrabad Caravanserai located north of the PPL «Qal`eh Madreseh » UFI -3757483 coordinate lat 30.535006, long 50.455408 NIMA/GNS names: Qal`eh Madreseh, قلعه مدرسه, detail from the Caravanserais of Iran dataset provided by the EAMENA Project Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford online reference link Khisht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Khesht , Khisht , خشت , VARIANT names: Khish , Khisht , ※ SOURCE for Khish « This Kotel, or Pass, took us an hour to clear. In half an bour from its foot we reached a small village of huts, called Khish, with some ruined houses: » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 342 ※ SOURCE for Khisht « KHISHT (1) Name of a river and district in Färs, reached on the road from Būshire to Shiraz by Kazarūn, after the ascent of the Kutal Mällü pass. The administration of this district was entrusted in 1882 to Hāji Mirzš Agha Khan, Vakil, and his brother Fazl 'Ali Khân. (Stack—Ross) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ pt. 1 A-K p. 556 « Khist [name of place] | 15 [miles] | Road rugged and very stony for ten miles, winding at the foot of mountains. Crossed a river three times within this distance. Here begins the pass: easy ascent for a mile and a half, then steep and difficult for half a mile. After three or four hundred yards begins another easy ascent, which is a quarter of a mile in length, where ends the pass of Cotul Mauloo. About three miles from hence lies the village, in a pleasant valley, about seven miles in length and four in breadth. [remarks] » #3021 John Macdonald Kinneir, A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire, John Murray, London, 1813 ~ Appendix pp 363-4 « Those who had assembled to congratulate us near the halting-place this day, were inhabitants of Khisht, (persian text), a village within four miles; once probably of some note, as a geographical author whose words shall be hereafter cited, calls it a town or city; they composed a numerous peishwáz, having drums, trumpets, and fire- arms; and they entertained. us with the jerid bázi or mock lance-play, and several vollies of musketry. On entering the Caravanserai, ZA'L KHA'N caused three or four thin glass bottles, nearly full of sugar-candy, to be broken; and their contents scattered among the crowd; a manner of complimenting illustrious strangers practised in Persia during many centuries.. » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 262 Khoosk-i-Nakood caravanserai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.62515 long 65.056045 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Khoosk-i-Nakood caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Khoosk-i-Nakood caravanserai « We remounted when they had left, and stopped again, after two hours' riding, near a caravanserai of mud built by the English, named Khoosk-i-Nakood ; close to which we found one or two inhabited houses, with gardens, supplied with water from a kariz. Vast ruins surround this place ; the most remarkable is an immense artificial mound, anciently crowned by a fortress said to have been destroyed by Nadir Shah. This had undoubtedly been the citadel of the town, of which there are traces all round, but of which nothing habitable remains except an Imaumzadeh, where a dervish lives in charge of the tomb. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 316 Khorshid Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.258919 long 50.003809 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye khorshid sadossaltaneh کاروانسرای خورشید سعدالسلطنه VARIANT names: Khorshid Caravanserai , khoshab Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.749368 long 57.835364 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: khoshab Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for khoshab Caravanserai « Karavanserail Cah Khoshab (Taf. 34,4 und 35,1) (Abb. 5 und 107)118Lage: 45 km südwestlich von Ferdows (Tun), 35 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Cah Gonbad (Chahar Gonbad), an der Straße von Mashhad über Ferdows nach Kerman.Am Ort befinden sich das Karavanserail, eine Zisterne und ein älteres Karavanserail (Robat).fn 118 Die Gebäude von Cah Khoshab wurden am 12. 3. 1977 vermessen. (Die Zisterne war wegen Straßenbaulager nicht vermeßbar). [Caravanserail Cah Khoshab (Plates 34.4 and 35.1) (Figs. 5 and 107) 118Location: 45 km southwest of Ferdows (Tun), 35 km northeast of Robat-e Cah Gonbad (Chahar Gonbad), on the road from Mashhad via Ferdows to Kerman.The site contains the caravanserail, a cistern, and an older caravanserail (robat).fn 118 The buildings of Cah Khoshab were surveyed on March 12, 1977. (The cistern could not be surveyed due to road construction depots.)] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 76 Khoshkrud Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , كاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Begum , Begun , Choskera Caravansera , Choskeru , Choskeru Caravansera , Goschärri-Karwanserei , Karavanserail Khoshkak , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Khoshkrud) , Khoshkrud Caravanserai , Khoskeru , Kochkeria caravanserai , Kockera , ※ SOURCE for Begum « The 12th daye at night we ca(me to) Begum (1), a fayer caravansero; (the) water here is brackish. This ca(ravansero) was built by the Shaw [Shah] or King then, weh was, as I vnderstood, this Shaw A(bbases) father. Here we rested in the heat of the daye, haueing traveled 10 lges, fn. 1 See Herbert's Travels, p. 214, note. Apparently this was known as the Begum's Caravanserai, having been built by Zaynab Begum, daughter of Shah Tahmäsp and chief wife of Shah Abbas. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 64 « PAGE 2141 ‘Begum’ in the first edition. It is evidently the caravanserai described by Della Valle (vol. ii, p. 579), who says that it was known as the Begum's caravanserai, because it was built by Zainab Begum (a name which Chardin, vol. ii, p. 406, turns into 'Heinab Begum '), daughter of Shah Tahmäsp and chief wife of Shah 'Abbas. » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 326 notes ※ SOURCE for Begun « at Begun our next, observable in a royall Carvans-raw or Hospitall of charity, erected at the cost and care of Tahamas late King of Persia: and did the water (too brackish and unhealthy there) but correspond with other delights, it might better merit commendation. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 210 ※ SOURCE for Choskera Caravansera « The 8. we left Saba betimes in the morning, and travell'd that day nine leagues, to a Caravansera named Choskera. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 286 ※ SOURCE for Choskeru « ‘Choskeru,’ 1618 According to Laurelius, Oxenstierna travelled from Isfahan to Hormuz and back again, following the same route ... located exactly where the early travellers placed it, between Qazvin and Saveh, c. 125 kms. from the former and 54 kms. from the latter. » #3672 D.T. Potts, Bengt Bengtsson Oxenstierna (1591–1643): A critical reassessment of his two journeys to the Near East, Fornvännen, Stockholm, 2021 116: ~ p. 121-2 « Härmed bortfaller varje skymt av tvivel på att herr Bengt verkligen tagit vägen över Saba på sin resa till Kasvin. (1) Ty från Choskeru begav sig den holsteinska ambassadören följande dag till denna stad, som befanns vara omgiven med en ringmur och består av mycket förfallna hus. fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:The 21st (Febr. 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy. [This removes any shadow of doubt that Mr. Bengt really crossed Saba on his journey to Kasvin. (1) For from Choskeru the Holstein ambassador set out the following day for this city, which was found to be surrounded by a ring wall and consists of very dilapidated houses. fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:The 21st (February 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 ※ SOURCE for Choskeru Caravansera « and Lodg'd the 16. in the morning, at a Caravanscra, named Choskeru. It was all built of Free-stone, and had several Vaults and Chambers, dispos'd all about a spacious Court, in the midst whereof there was a Well, compass'd by an Iron-rail. Upon the Walls of several Rooms, were to be seen the names and devises of several persons of most Nations, who, it seems, had been desirous to leave there behind them some marks of their passage that way. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 192 « Zu Abend machten wir vno wieder auff/giengen über flach Gebirge 6. Meilen/vnd kerten den 16. dieses gegen Morgenin eine Carwanfera, Choskeru genant/ein. Diese Carwanfera ist groß vnd von Quadersteinen sehr wol vnd or-dentlich gebawet/hat viel gewdlbete Gemacher und Ställe; In der mitten einen groffen Hoff ond beschlagenen Brunnen. Man sahe in den Gemachern, an den Wanden hin und wieder vielerley Schrifften/von mancherley durchgereiseten Nationen in den Kalck geschnitten/vinter andern waren auff dem forder Gebawde folgende Namen ond Schrifften zulesen: Benedictus Oxenstirn. Item Johan Warder 1600. apr. 10. Worbey: Olim meminifle juvabit. Item: fi nihil abftuleris, ibis honore foras. Hinten an einer andern Wand: Janus Docofius 1602. Aug. 12. Darbey dieser Vers:Noli homines blandos nimium fermone probare, Fistula dulce canit volucrem,dum decipit auceps.Item A.D.1602.19. Aug: Worbey:Fata fi miferosjuvant, habes falutem, Fata fi vitam negant, habes ſepulcrum..Item Fæmina dum plorat, Ruſticus ebrius orat, Mercator jurat, nemo credere curat. [In the evening we set off again and walked six miles over low mountains, and on the 16th of this month, towards morning, we entered a caravanserai called Choskeru. This caravanserai is large and very well and neatly built of ashlar stone; it has many vaulted rooms and stables; in the middle a large courtyard and a covered well. In the rooms, on the walls here and there, one saw various inscriptions carved in lime by various nations that had passed through; among others, on the front building, the following names and inscriptions could be read: Benedictus Oxenstirn. Item Johan Warder 1600. apr. 10. Worbey: It will help to remember the past.Item: if nothing is taken away, you will go out with honor.At the back on another wall: Janus Docofius 1602. Aug. 12. Darbey this verse:Do not try too many bland men. The sweet flute sings the bird, while it deceives the bird.Item A.D.1602.19. Aug: Worbey:If the fairies are happy, you have a fortune. If the fairies deny you life, you have a grave. itemWhile a woman cries, a drunken rustic prays, a merchant swears, no one cares to believe.] » #3674 Olearius, Adam, Offt begehrte Beschreibung der newen orientalischen Reise.., Schleswig/ Ben Jacob zur Glocken, 1647 ~ p. 366 « On the 19 we betook our selvs to our Journey, and that day tra|vailed about 24 [English] Miles, over a high, but level way, coming towards night to the great Carawansera called Choskeru. This is a very commodious and large Inn, built altogether of square stones, within is a spacious Court where was a Fountain of very good Water: the Rooms and Appartments were no less commodious. On the Walls I found several Dutch, Polish and Russian Names, and also wrote my own. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 407 ※ SOURCE for Goschärri-Karwanserei « Durchreisende hinterließen gern ihre Namen an den Wänden. So fand Kaemp-fer in der großen, zwischen Kaswin und Sahweh gelegenen Goschärri-Kara-wanserei die Namen: »1669 Adam Frantzen Chirurgus«, also ein Kollege, und dann las er gewiß mit starker Bewegung » Adam Olearius Saxo 1638, 3. Jan. "und dahinter die trübseligen Verse >>Persia mentitur fortunam fraude referta Interea si respicis nihil nisi pestis erit (Persien gaukelt mit Lug und Trug dir dein Glück vor. Schaust du indessen zurück, wird nichts als Unheil dir bleiben). [ 2,383 Travelers often left their names on the walls. Thus, Kaempfer found the names "1669 Adam Frantzen Chirurgus," a colleague, in the large Gosherri caravanserai located between Kasvin and Sahveh. He then surely read with great emotion, "Adam Olearius Saxo 1638, January 3," followed by the gloomy verses: "Persia menitur fortunam fraude referta Interea si respicis nihil nisi pestis erit" (Persia deceives you with false hope; if you look back, however, nothing but misfortune will remain).] » #3677 Meier-Lemgo, Karl, Engelbert Kaempfer (1651 - 1716) erforscht das seltsame Asien., Cram, de Gruyter and Co., Hamburg, 1960 ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Khoshkak « Karavanserail Khoshkak (Taf. 1,4-2,2) am Weg von Qazvin nach Saveh (Abb.3 und 15)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht in + 1540 m ü. N.N., etwa 20 km südlich von Hedjib, an der Karawanenroute von Qazvin nach Esfahan auf einer Hochebene.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, nicht vor die Fassade vorgezogenem Portalbau und acht Stall-Abschnit-ten.Abmessungen: 95 x 88 m Außenmaße, 62,50×56m Hof-abmessungen. Der Portalbau ist zweigeschossig (Abb. 15) und zur Mittelachse hin abgestuft (Abb. 16). [Khoshkak Caravanserail (Plates 1.4–2.2) on the road from Qazvin to Saveh (Figs. 3 and 15) Location: The caravanserail is situated at an elevation of 1,540 m above sea level, approximately 20 km south of Hejib, on the caravan route from Qazvin to Isfahan, on a plateau. Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, a gatehouse not projecting from the facade, and eight stable sections. Dimensions: 95 x 88 m external dimensions, 62.50 x 56 m courtyard dimensions. The gatehouse has two stories (Fig. 15) and is stepped towards the central axis (Fig. 16).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 20 ※ SOURCE for Khoshkrud Caravanserai CHECK ※ SOURCE for Khoskeru « Härmed bortfaller varje skymt av tvivel på att herr Bengt verkligen tagit vägen över Saba på sin resa till Kasvin. (1) Ty från Choskeru begav sig den holsteinska ambassadören följande dag till denna stad, som befanns vara omgiven med en ringmur och består av mycket förfallna hus. fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:The 21st (Febr. 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy. [This removes any shadow of doubt that Mr. Bengt really crossed Saba on his journey to Kasvin. (1) For from Choskeru the Holstein ambassador set out the following day for this city, which was found to be surrounded by a ring wall and consists of very dilapidated houses. fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:The 21st (February 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 ※ SOURCE for Kochkeria caravanserai « A trois heures de là on en trouve un autre fort ſpacieux appellé Kochkeria, [Three hours away there is another large, spacious fort called Kochkeria,] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for Kockera « Härmed bortfaller varje skymt av tvivel på att herr Bengt verkligen tagit vägen över Saba på sin resa till Kasvin. (1) Ty från Choskeru begav sig den holsteinska ambassadören följande dag till denna stad, som befanns vara omgiven med en ringmur och består av mycket förfallna hus. fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:fn 1 Det finns också ett belägg på att Olcarius själv varit i Khoskeru. Engelsmannen John Bell, som, deltog i den ambassad tsar Peter I år 1715 skickade till schahen av Persien, säger:The 21st (Febr. 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy. [This removes any shadow of doubt that Mr. Bengt really crossed Saba on his journey to Kasvin. (1) For from Choskeru the Holstein ambassador set out the following day for this city, which was found to be surrounded by a ring wall and consists of very dilapidated houses. fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:fn 1 There is also evidence that Olcarius himself had been in Khoskeru. The Englishman John Bell, who participated in the embassy sent by Tsar Peter I in 1715 to the Shah of Persia, says:The 21st (February 1717), after a journey of three hours, we came to an old caravansery, called Idioop, where we rested; then advanced four agatz to another, called Kockera, situated in an extensive plain. The snow was now altogether gone, and the water at this place very bad. In an upper room of this caravansery, I saw the names of many Furopeans cut on the wall, in different languages: among which was that of Olearius, secretary to the Holstein ambassadors, who published a very exact account of that fruitless embassy.] » #3673 Hedin, Sven, Resare-bengt: En Levnadsteckning, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, 1921 ~ p. 452 Khuneh Panj : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.687451 long 55.192143 NIMA/GNS names: Khuneh Panj , خونه پنج , VARIANT names: Khuneh Panj , ※ SOURCE for Khuneh Panj « Karavanserail Khan-e Pandj (Taf. 15.3.4) (Abb. 4; 117)Lage: 22 km östlich Howz-e Tabarkuh, 25 km nord-westlich von Bafq, in + 1050 m ü. N.N., am Weg von Yazd nach Bafq und Kerman (Abb. 4). Am Ort sind zu unter-scheiden: Ein Karavanserail, weitere Lehmruinen, ein Brenn-ofen und zwei große Zisternen sowie ein Wachtturm.Das Karavanserail:Typ: Langrechteckiger Bau mit zwei Wohnräumen und einem Mitteliwan, sowie einem diese Raumgruppe auf drei Seiten umgebenden Stall (Abb. 118).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 23,50 × 10,20 m, Fassaden-höhe 5,50 m. [ 1,312 Caravanserail Khan-e Pandj (Plate 15.3.4) (Figs. 4; 117)Location: 22 km east of Howz-e Tabarkuh, 25 km northwest of Bafq, at an elevation of 1050 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Bafq and Kerman (Fig. 4). The following features can be distinguished at the site: a caravanserail, other mud-brick ruins, a kiln, two large cisterns, and a watchtower.The Caravanserail:Type: Long rectangular building with two living quarters and a central iwan, as well as a stable surrounding this group of rooms on three sides (Fig. 118).Dimensions: External dimensions 23.50 × 10.20 m, facade height 5.50 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 74 Khwaja Abul Hasan Caravanserai, Juyom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Djuyom, K.s , Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom , Khwaja Abul Hasan Caravanserai, Juyom , ※ SOURCE for Djuyom, K.s « Eine neuere Route führt heute von Benaru über Djuyom und Mansurabad nördlich des Kuh-e Alburs durch die Tang-e Kulin und Tang-e Khatiz nach Djahrom. Die einzigen Karavanserails auf dieser Strecke finden sich in Djuyom. Herbert scheint ein Karavanserail in Djuyom auf seiner Reise, die von Qotbabad direkt unter Umgehung von Djahrom nach Benaru führte, im Jahre 1627 benutzt zu ha- ben, da er zwischen „Guyom", dem heutigen Djuyom und „Cut-Bobbaw", dem heutigen Qotbabad, keine weiteren Karavanserails oder Etappenorte nennt. (38) Es muß daher fraglich sein, ob Djuyom als Ort der safavidischen Bandar Abbas-Shiraz Strafße zu zählen ist oder schon zu einem Seitenzweig der Straße, wel- cher von Benaru über Djuyom nach Qotbabad oder auch nach Darab führte, gehörte. Die Anlage in Djuyom besteht heute aus zwei großen Hofkaravanserails (Abb. 9; Taf. 33,1) jeweils 29 x 29 m messend, welche an einer Ecke aneinandergebaut und miteinander ver- bunden sind.fn. 38 Herbert23 128. [A newer route today leads from Benaru via Djuyom and Mansurabad north of the Kuh-e Albur through the Tang-e Kulin and Tang-e Khatiz to Djahrom. The only caravanserails on this route are in Djuyom. Herbert seems to have used a caravanserail in Djuyom on his journey in 1627, which led from Qotbabad directly to Benaru, bypassing Djahrom, since he does not mention any other caravanserails or stopping places between "Guyom", today's Djuyom, and "Cut-Bobbaw", today's Qotbabad. (38) It must therefore be questioned whether Djuyom should be counted as a place on the Safavid Bandar Abbas-Shiraz road or whether it was already part of a branch of the road that led from Benaru via Djuyom to Qotbabad or even to Darab. The complex in Djuyom today consists of two large court caravanserai (Fig. 9; Pl. 33,1), each measuring 29 x 29 m, which are built together at a corner and connected to each other. fn. 38 Herbert23 128.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lae-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ pp. 296-7 ※ SOURCE for Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom « Doppelkaravanserail Djuyom (Abb. 5; 222) (150)Lage: 128 km nördlich von Lar, 24 km nördlich der in Richtung Lar nächsten Station Benaru (Bonaruyeh) und etwa 82 km südöstlich von Djahrom. Die Strecke Djahrom-Djuyom ist nicht identisch mit der ursprünglichen Karawa-nenroute von Djahrom nach Lar und weiter nach Bandar-e Abbas. Sie führte von Benaru über die safavidischen Karawa-nenstationen Deh Dombeh-Musar-Cah Talkh und eine ein-bogige Brücke bei Cah Talkh nach Djahrom (Abb. 5). Diese Stationen sind überliefert (151), aber nicht vermessen; der alte Karawanenweg ist nur noch sehr schwer passierbar. Djuyom liegt abseits (15 km östlich) dieses alten Weges im Verlauf der modernen Straße Djahrom-Lar und als Kreuzungspunkt an einer West-Ost-Verbindung von Bandar-e Taheri über Khondj-Deh Dombeh-Djuyom nach Darab-Sirdjan und Kerman (Abb. 5). An diesem Weg liegen die nicht näher un-tersuchten Stationen Sargah (etwa 35 km nordöstlich von Bandar-e Taheri) und Zisternen westlich und östlich von Haftavan, westlich von Khondj (152).Typ: Doppelkaravanserail, an einer Ecke in zeitlicher Abfolge (?) aneinander gebaut. Das südöstliche Gebäude, wohl das ältere, hat vier nicht besonders architektonisch her-ausgehobene Iwane und ein leicht vorgezogenes Portal. Das nordwestliche, wohl angebaute Gebäude hat vier architekto-nisch etwas herausgehobene Iwane und ebenfalls ein vorge-zogenes Portal. Das südöstliche Gebäude besteht aus Raum-reihen (keine Stallungen), die um den Hof herum angeordnet sind, das nordwestliche Gebäude hat zwei Stallabteilungen, von denen die östliche mit dem südöstlichen Gebäude durch einen breiten Durchgang verbunden ist.Abmessungen: Südost-Gebäude: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 31 × 31 m, Hofabmessungen 18,80 × 18,80 m. Nordwest-Gebäude: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung 30 x 29 m, Hofabmessungen 19,40 × 19,20 m, Gebäudehöhe 4-5 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur partiell er-halten, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Safavidisch, 1627 von Thomas Herbertnerwähnt (153).fn 150 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297. Eine Höhenangabe für die Karavan-serails zwischen Djahrom und Lar liegt nicht vor.fn 151 Ebenda, 294.fn 152 H. Gaube, AMI 13, 1980, 149 ff.fn 153 Th. Herbert, Travels in Persia 1627-1629 (1929) 130. [Double Caravanserail Djuyom (Fig. 5; 222) (150)Location: 128 km north of Lar, 24 km north of Benaru (Bonaruyeh), the nearest station towards Lar, and about 82 km southeast of Djahrom. The Djahrom-Djuyom route is not identical to the original caravan route from Djahrom to Lar and on to Bandar-e Abbas. It led from Benaru via the Safavid caravan stations Deh Dombeh-Musar-Cah Talkh and a single-arch bridge at Cah Talkh to Djahrom (Fig. 5). These stations are documented (151) but not surveyed; the old caravan route is now very difficult to traverse. Djuyom lies off the beaten track (15 km east) of this old road, along the modern Djahrom-Lar road, and at the crossroads of a west-east route from Bandar-e Taheri via Khondj-Deh Dombeh-Djuyom to Darab-Sirdjan and Kerman (Fig. 5). Along this route are the unexamined stations of Sargah (about 35 km northeast of Bandar-e Taheri) and cisterns west and east of Haftavan, west of Khondj (152).Type: Double caravanserail, built at one corner, possibly sequentially. The southeastern building, likely the older one, has four iwans that are not particularly architecturally prominent and a slightly projecting portal. The northwestern building, probably an extension, has four iwans that are somewhat architecturally prominent and also a projecting portal. The southeastern building consists of rows of rooms (not stables) arranged around the courtyard. The northwestern building has two stable sections, the eastern one of which is connected to the southeastern building by a wide passageway.Dimensions: Southeastern building: external dimensions without projections 31 × 31 m, courtyard dimensions 18.80 × 18.80 m. Northwestern building: external dimensions without portal projection 30 × 29 m, courtyard dimensions 19.40 × 19.20 m, building height 4–5 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Only partially preserved, currently used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, mentioned by Thomas Herbertner in 1627 (153). fn 150 R. Pohanka, AMI 17, 1984, 297. No elevation data is available for the caravan serails between Djahrom and Lar.fn 151 Ibid., 294.fn 152 H. Gaube, AMI 13, 1980, 149 ff.fn 153 Th. Herbert, Travels in Persia 1627-1629 (1929) 130.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 122 ※ SOURCE for Khwaja Abul Hasan Caravanserai, Juyom Khwaja Abul Hasan Caravanserai کاروانسرای خواجه ابوالحسن Kiçik Karvansaray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 40.365033 long 49.835824 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kiçik Karvansaray , Kishidari caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Keshehdari , Kishidari caravanserai , Kishidari sarai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Keshehdari « Karavanserail Keshehdari (Kishideri/Keshidan) (Taf. 27,1.2) (Abb. 7; 222) (109) Lage: 11 km westlich von Berkeh Sultan, 7 km nord- östlich von Taqi Khaneh, in + 160 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar.Typ: Pavillon-Karavanserail einfacher Form.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 11,50 × 11,50 m, Gebäude-höhe 4 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Erheblich ver- fallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt. Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. Neben dem Karavanserail steht eine runde Zisterne (Abb. 223), von Oberflächenwasser gespeist, mit einem äußeren Durchmesser von 12 m und 7 m Höhe über dem Umland. Die Zisterne ist eingeschwemmt. fn. 109 Die Bauten von Keshehdari wurden am 2.3. 1984 vermessen.[Karavanserail Keshehdari (Kishideri/Keshidan) (Plate 27,1.2) (Fig. 7; 222) (109) Location: 11 km west of Berkeh Sultan, 7 km north-east of Taqi Khaneh, at + 160 m above sea level. N.N., on the road from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar. Type: Pavilion caravanserail of simple shape. Dimensions: external dimensions 11.50 × 11.50 m, building height 4 m. Building material: quarry stone. Structural features and condition: Significantly dilapidated. Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Safavid, 17th century. Next to the caravanserail there is a round cistern (Fig. 223), fed by surface water, with an outer diameter of 12 m and 7 m high above the surrounding area. The cistern is flooded. fn. 109 The buildings of Keshehdari were built on March 2nd. Measured in 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 124 ※ SOURCE for Kishidari caravanserai « KISHIDARI11 m. General direction W. by N. At 4½ miles is the serai of Birkeh Sultan, and two cisterns (dry in March 1907); fuel from scrub; supplies nil; grazing fair. The hills on either side are distant two miles. The track to Rudar and 'Avin through the Tang-i- Rūdāri here diverges. Good water from the Rüd-i-Rūdār. At 7 miles the valley is two miles broad, the road keeping to the south side of the valley. At 8 miles cross a stony ravine with steep banks which is crossed again at 8½ miles. The road is stony and rough and many watercourses are crossed. At 11 miles the serai and two large cisterns of Kishidāri are reached. At this point the valley is about half a mile broad, and shut in by hills to the north, 400 feet above the craavanserai, and to the south about 800 feet. A gap in the hills to the north gives access to the low ground north of the hills for grazing purposes. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 30 « The road. now good and hard, but not excess vely stony as it has been hitherto, traverses a vale about half a mile broad, sparsely covered with short dried up gras, bounded to south by a labyrinth of deep and broad ravines backed by low ranges of hills, and to north by a spur from Kuh Zad Mahmud, formed of inclined sandstone strata dipping southward, and called "Kishi". Proceeding thus for two miles and a half the road becomes stony. At 7 miles 3 furlongs we pass the caravanserai, and two large cisterns of Kishidari, all in good order, and the latter full of water. Altitude above sea, 433 feet. The summit of the spur Kishi, to north-east of the caravanserai, is 130 feet above the 'ground level at the cisterns. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 32 ※ SOURCE for Kishidari sarai « The road is stony and rough and many watercourses are crossed. At 11 miles the sarai and two large cisterns of Kishidāri are reached. At this point the valley is about half a mile broad, and shut in by hills, to the north, 400 feet above the caravansarai, and to the south about 800 feet, A gap in the hills to the north gives access to the low ground north of the hills for grazing purposes. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 165 Klein K. zwischen Gerash und Lar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.655552 long 54.215075 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Klein K. zwischen Gerash und Lar , ※ SOURCE for Klein K. zwischen Gerash und Lar « Kleinkaravanserail zwischen Gerash und Lar (Abb. 5; 244)Lage: 12 km westlich von Lar, 1 km östlich des benach- barten Kleinkaravanserails östlich von Gerash, in + 900 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar.Typ: Einräumiger Langrechteck-Bau mit betontem Eingang. Als Zwischenkaravanserail zu werten, keine Feld- hütte.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 9,80 x 4,20 m, Gebäude- höhe 3,10 m[Small caravanserail between Gerash and Lar (Fig. 5; 244)Location: 12 km west of Lar, 1 km east of the neighboring small caravanserail east of Gerash, at + 900 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar.Type: One-room long rectangular building with an emphasized entrance. To be seen as an intermediate caravanserail, not a field hut.Dimensions: external dimensions 9.80 x 4.20 m, building height 3.10 m] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 133 KleinK. östlich von Gerash : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.655743 long 54.201158 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: KleinK. östlich von Gerash , ※ SOURCE for KleinK. östlich von Gerash « Kleinkaravanserail östlich von Gerash (Abb. 5; 243) (171)Lage: 13 km westlich von Lar, 6 km östlich von Gerash, in +910 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar.Typ: Einräumiger Rechteckbau einfacher AusstattungAbmessungen: Außenmaße 8,90 x 4,50 m, Gebäude- höhe 3,20 m. fn. 171 Dieser Bau wurde ebenfalls am 16. 3. 1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail east of Gerash (Fig. 5; 243) (171)Location: 13 km west of Lar, 6 km east of Gerash, at +910 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar.Type: One-room rectangular building with simple furnishingsDimensions: external dimensions 8.90 x 4.50 m, building height 3.20 m. fn. 171 This building was also surveyed on March 16, 1986.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 133 KleinK. westlich von Gerash : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 27.709783 long 54.126524 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: KleinK. westlich von Gerash , ※ SOURCE for KleinK. westlich von Gerash « Kleinkaravanserail westlich von Gerash (Abb 5, 242) (170)Lage: 5 km nordwestlich von Gerash, 7 km östlich des benachbarten Kleinkaravanserails, 24 km westlich von Lar, in + 950 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach LarAls Typ: Einräumiger Rechteckbau mit betontem Eingang Zwischenkaravanserail zu werten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 6,70 x 3,90 m, Gebäude- höhe 2,40 m. fn. 170 Der Bau wurde am 16.3. 1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail west of Gerash (Fig. 5, 242) (170)Location: 5 km northwest of Gerash, 7 km east of the neighboring Kleinkaravanserail, 24 km west of Lar, at + 950 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to LarThe type: One-room rectangular building with an emphasized entrance between the caravanserail.Dimensions: external dimensions 6.70 x 3.90 m, building height 2.40 m. fn. 170 The construction was completed on March 16th. Measured in 1986.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 133 KleinK. zwischen Evaz und Gerash : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.744116 long 54.101661 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: KleinK. zwischen Evaz und Gerash , ※ SOURCE for KleinK. zwischen Evaz und Gerash « Kleinkaravanserail zwischen Evaz und Gerash (Abb. 5; 240)169Lage: 3 km östlich des Karavanserails Mo'callem-eKasir, 7 km westlich des nächsten Kleinkaravanserails und31 km westlich von Lar, in +930 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar.Typ: Einräumiger, langgestreckter Bau, tonnengewölbt, mit leicht betontem Eingang. Ist als Zwischenkaravanserail zu werten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,20 x 3 m, Gebäudehöhe 1,70 m. Die Zisterne (Abb. 241) hat einen äußeren Durch- messer von 11,30 m und eine Höhe von 8,50 m. fn. 169 Unterkunftsbau und Zisterne wurden am 16. 3. 1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail between Evaz and Gerash (Fig. 5; 240)169Location: 3 km east of the Mo'callem-e caravanserailKasir, 7 km west of the next small caravanserail and31 km west of Lar, at +930 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar.Type: One-room, elongated building, barrel vaulted, with a slightly emphasized entrance. Can be seen as an intermediate caravanserail.Dimensions: external dimensions 10.20 x 3 m, building height 1.70 m. The cistern (Fig. 241) has an external diameter of 11.30 m and a height of 8.50 m. fn. 169 accommodation buildings and cisterns were surveyed on March 16, 1986.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 132 Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 5 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.498313 long 54.231712 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 5 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 5 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh « Kleinkaravanserail (Station) 5 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh (Taf. 28,4) (Abb. 8; 255) (134)Lage: 5 km westlich von Hormud, in + 670 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit fünf tonnengewölbten Räumen und einem Eingangsraum.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 20,60 × 20 m, Hofabmes-sungen 12,70 × 12,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 2,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 134 Das Karavanserail wurde am 14.3. 1986 vermessen. [ 546 Small caravanserail (station) 5 km west of Hormud-e Bagh (Plate 28.4) (Figs. 8; 255) (134)Location: 5 km west of Hormud, at an elevation of 670 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with five barrel-vaulted rooms and an entrance hall.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 20.60 × 20 m, courtyard dimensions 12.70 × 12.50 m, building height 2.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.fn 134 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 138 Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Getaveh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 27.153651 long 54.250539 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Getaveh , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Getaveh « Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Getaveh (Abb. 8; 241)121Lage: 23 km nordwestlich der Station östlich Kholus, 15 km südwestlich von Bastak, in + 330 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Kong nach Lar.Typ: Einraum-Gebäude mit hervorgehobenem Eingang.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 7,30 × 3,70 m, Gebäude- höhe 2,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. [Small caravanserai (station) Getaveh (Fig. 8; 241)121Location: 23 km northwest of the station east of Kholus, 15 km southwest of Bastak, at + 330 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Kong to Lar.Type: One-room building with prominent entrance.Dimensions: External dimensions 7.30 × 3.70 m, building height 2.90 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. Getaveh online reference link [accessed 19 Nov 2024] Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Paldun Golhak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 27.18418 long 54.305965 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Paldun Golhak , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Paldun Golhak « Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Paldun Golhak (Abb. 8; 242)122Lage: 8 km südwestlich von Bastak, 7 km nordöstlich der Station Getaveh und 2 km westlich des Passes Paldun Golhak (+400 m ü. N.N.), in +380 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Kong nach Lar.Typ: Einraum-Gebäude mit hervorgehobenem Eingang.Abb. 242 Kleinkaravanserail (Station) Paldun Golhak, Lageskizze, Grundriß, Schnitt und AnsichtenAbmessungen: Außenmaße 9,40 × 3,50 m, Gebäude- höhe 2,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. [Small caravanserail (station) Paldun Golhak (Fig. 8; 242)122Location: 8 km southwest of Bastak, 7 km northeast of the Getaveh station and 2 km west of the Paldun Golhak pass (+400 m above sea level), at +380 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Kong to Lar.Type: One-room building with prominent entrance.Fig. 242 Small caravanserail (station) Paldun Golhak, location sketch, floor plan, section and viewsDimensions: External dimensions 9.40 × 3.50 m, building height 2.50 m.Building material: Quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 132 Paldun Golhak online reference link [accessed 19 Nov 2024] Kleinkaravanserail 2 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.504646 long 54.255393 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kleinkaravanserail 2 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail 2 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh « Kleinkaravanserail 2 km westlich Hormud-e Bagh (Abb. 8; 256) (135)Lage: 2 km westlich Hormud, in + 680 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) nach Lar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit fünf tonnengewölbten Räumen und einem Eingangsraum, darüber jüngere Wehr-plattform. Der Bau ist teilzerstört.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 18,20 × 17,80 m (letztere Maßangabe geschätzt), Hofabmessungen 10,10 × 10,10 m (letztere Maßangabe geschätzt), Gebäudehöhe 3,30 m, mit Wehraufbau 4,30 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist zuetwa einem Drittel im rückwärtigen Teil durch den Straßen-bau im Jahre 1986 abgebrochen worden.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch mit qadjari-schem Aufbau der Wehrplattform.fn 135 Der Rest des Karavanserails wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail 2 km west of Hormud-e Bagh (Fig. 8; 256) (135)Location: 2 km west of Hormud, at 680 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) to Lar.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with five barrel-vaulted rooms and an entrance hall, above which is a later fortified platform. The structure is partially destroyed.Dimensions: External dimensions 18.20 × 17.80 m (the latter measurement is estimated), courtyard dimensions 10.10 × 10.10 m (the latter measurement is estimated), building height 3.30 m, 4.30 m including the fortified platform.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The structure was demolishedapproximately one-third of the rear section due to road construction in 1986.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Safavid with a Qadjari-style fortification platform.fn 135 The remainder of the caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 138 Kleinkaravanserail 24 km südöstlich Anveh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.323158 long 54.455926 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kleinkaravanserail 24 km südöstlich Anveh , ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail 24 km südöstlich Anveh « Kleinkaravanserail 24 km südöstlich Anveh (Abb. 8; 248) (127)Lage: 24 km südöstlich von Anveh, 3 km nördlich Sheikh Hazur, in +360 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail mit fünf tonnengewölb-ten Räumen und überkuppeltem Eingangsraum.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,50 × 15,80 m, Hofab-messungen 9,30 × 8,70 m, Gebäudehöhe 3 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 127 Das Karavanserail wurde am 14.3.1986 vermessen. [Small caravanserail 24 km southeast of Anveh (Fig. 8; 248) (127)Location: 24 km southeast of Anveh, 3 km north of Sheikh Hazur, at 360 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Small courtyard caravanserail with five barrel-vaulted rooms and a domed entrance hall.Dimensions: External dimensions 16.50 × 15.80 m, courtyard dimensions 9.30 × 8.70 m, building height 3 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.fn 127 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 135 KM167 (Gaube) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 27.658014 long 54.325034 † basis (approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: KM167 (Gaube) , ※ SOURCE for KM167 (Gaube) « KM 167: Lar.Wie wenig sich auf diesem Streckenabschnitt seit dem 17. Jahrhundert verändert hat, macht eine tabellarische Gegenüberstellung (Tabelle 1) des gegenwärtigen Bauwerkbestandes mit den Itineraren des 17. Jahrhunderts von de Silva Figueroa, Herbert, (39) Chardin und Thévenot deutlich, neben die A. Wilsons Itinerar vom Anfang dieses Jahrhunderts gestellt ist. (40) fn. 40 Wilson, "Notes on a Journey Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907," in The Geographic Journal XXXI (1908), pp. 152-60. fn. 39 T. Herbert, A Relation of Some Years Travaile, Begurne Anns 1626 London 1634), p. 51 f. [KM 167: Lar. V How little has changed on this section of the route since the 17th century is made clear by a tabular comparison (Table 1) of the current existing buildings with the 17th century itineraries by de Silva Figueroa, Herbert, (39) Chardin and Thévenot, next to the A . Wilson's itinerary from the beginning of this century is provided. (40) ] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 Kohne'marandiz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.792255 long 58.384788 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye konpanneh marandiz کاروانسرای کهنه مرندیز VARIANT names: Kohne'marandiz Caravanserai , old ruined Surae , ※ SOURCE for old ruined Surae « 29th May. From Oonshy we crossed over five miles this morning to an old ruined Surae on the edge of the desert; plenty of water, but no supplies. We marched again at three p. m., keeping close to mountains on our left, first going west and then south. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 419 Konegala Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.249814 long 62.770457 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Konegala Caravanserai , Korit Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.450113 long 56.941852 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye korit کاروانسرای کوریت VARIANT names: Korit Caravanserai , Kouhpa Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.654601 long 51.67944 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kouhpa Caravanserai , Kouhpayeh Bazaar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.338832 long 52.837694 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye bazar kuhopayeh کاروانسرای بازار کوهپایه VARIANT names: Kouhpayeh Bazaar Caravanserai , Kuh-i Shamshali caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.359057 long 52.340617 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not confirmed VARIANT names: Kuh-i Shamshali caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kuh-i Shamshali caravanserai « Ensuite, nous pénétrons dans une gorge étroite, celle du Ab-i Tangiz, où nous ne progressons que péniblement, et, après bon nombre de montées et descentes, nous atteignons finalement la montagne surnommée Küh-i Shamshāli, couronnée par les ruines d'un caravansérail et d'une citerne délabrée. [Then we enter a narrow gorge, that of Ab-i Tangiz, where we progress only with difficulty, and, after many climbs and descents, we finally reach the mountain nicknamed Küh-i Shamshāli, crowned by the ruins of a caravanserai and a dilapidated cistern.] » #3101 Vanden Berghe, L, Récentes découvertes de monuments sassanides dans le Fars, Iranica antiqua, Leiden, 1961 Vol.1: pp.163-198 ~ p. 170 Kuhkhird : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Chaleh Kukherd , Kuhkhird , Kukherd , چاله كوخرد , کوخرد , VARIANT names: Cogar C. , Kokeer , Kuhkhird , Kuxert , ※ SOURCE for Cogar C. « On the morning of the 2nd we started up again early, and after three hours travel through a rocky plain I arrived at Cogar, a rather large town, and lodged in a caravanserai, or caramusers, of good construction. (7) fn. 7. Caravanserai is the common term. Canamusena is an unusual transcription. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 291 ※ SOURCE for Kokeer « July 31.-We rose from Dellaver Agaring Caravan-Sarai and lodged at Char-ber keer -short of Cokeer, ye usuall Menzill.... August 1. We rose from Charber keer, and passing by Kokeer on ye right, arrived at Bustag before Sun rising. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 204 ※ SOURCE for Kuxert « Paſſammo una dirupata montagna la Domenica 10. ed albergammo dopo 7. ore, e venti miglia di ſtrada nel Caſale, e Karvanſerà di Kuxert - [We passed a steep mountain on Sunday 10th and stayed after 7 hours, and twenty miles of road in the Caſale, and Karvanſerà di Kuxert -] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 275 KuhPa caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Kuhpayeh , KuhPa caravanserai , Kuhpayeh caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Kuhpayeh « Karavanserail Kuhpayeh (Taf. 28,3.4) (Abb. 12; 237) (128)Lage: 32 km östlich von Sagzi, an der Straße von Esfahan nach Na'in und Khorassan, in +1740 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden Türmen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und vor-gezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 62,75 x 57,50 m Außenmaße, 32,90 x 27,85 m Hofabmessungen. Kuppelhöhe 11,60 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 11,50 m (Abb. 238). 128 Ebenda, 156ff. - Die Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 18. 3. 1990 vermessen. Einen Längsschnitt und Plan des Obergeschosses bringt Siroux, a.a.O., 158. - Qal'eh Qadim: Ebenda, 54ff. [Kuhpayeh Caravanserai (Plate 28.3.4) (Figs. 12; 237) (128)Location: 32 km east of Sagzi, on the road from Isfahan to Na'in and Khorasan, at an elevation of 1740 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, round towers, a dome over the entrance, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 62.75 x 57.50 m external dimensions, 32.90 x 27.85 m courtyard dimensions. Dome height 11.60 m, gatehouse height 11.50 m (Fig. 238).128 Ibid., 156ff. - The sections and elevations were surveyed on March 18, 1990. Siroux provides a longitudinal section and plan of the upper floor (ibid., p. 158). Qal'eh Qadim (ibid., pp. 54ff.)20] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 120 ※ SOURCE for KuhPa caravanserai « Kuhpa has a noble caravansarai, with a shahnishin or upper story at one end, and a smaller group of vaulted rooms over the gateway. The whole is massively built of brickwork. I had the shahnishin to myself; the rooms were without doors, but at that time of the year no better quarters could be desired. In the afternoon I walked round the village, saw much excellent poppy, which goes to Yazd, though Isfahan is nearer; abundance of mulberry, fig, sinjad, and fruit-trees; and the first vertical waterwheel I had seen in Persia. It was about five feet in diameter. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 19 ※ SOURCE for Kuhpayeh caravanserai «1668-018 Kūhpāyeh Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 42 48.35 E52 26 8.83 0.61 ha 6.74 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Kunar Siah caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 28.696257 long 52.423089 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Kunar Siah caravanserai , Kunar Siyah carav. , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Kunar Siah caravanserai FOR Desht Shourab [Hikoichi Yajima], ※ SOURCE for Kunar Siah caravanserai « Namen Bevorzugter Name: Kunar Siah Persisch (Transliteriert) Kunar Siah Persisch Lage Breite: 28.7, Länge: 52.4 Tags caravanserai » description given at online reference link « Caravanserail de Kunar SIah.» #3101 Vanden Berghe, L, Récentes découvertes de monuments sassanides dans le Fars, Iranica antiqua, Leiden, 1961 Vol.1: p.163 ~ p. 168 « C5 [grid] | Kunar Siah[name] | R?L? [period] | Vanden Berghe 1984, 211-12 [reference] » #3101 Vanden Berghe, L, Récentes découvertes de monuments sassanides dans le Fars, Iranica antiqua, Leiden, 1961 Vol.1: p.163 ~ » #846 Talbert, Richard (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2000, ~ directory Map 94 Persis p. 1338 « Der Weg von Firuzabad nach Bandar-e Taheri weist ei- nige Reste von Ruinen von Karawanenstationen auf, etwa Konar Siah (Abb. 16), dieauf Grund der Vergleichbarkeit der Zusammensetzung des Mauerwerks mit sasanidischen Feuertempel-Komplexen der Umgebung - bisher als sasani-dische Bauwerke galten. Diese Datierung ist aber zu bezwei- feln und die Bauten sind doch wohl erst in frühislamische Zeit zu datieren. [The route from Firuzabad to Bandar-e Taheri shows some remains of ruins of caravan stations, such as Konar Siah (Fig. 16), which, due to the comparability of the composition of the masonry with Sasanian fire temple complexes in the area - previously called Sasanian Buildings were considered. However, this dating is doubtful and the buildings can probably only be dated to the early Islamic period.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 15-17 « Karavanserail Kunar Siah (Abb. 5; 221) (148) Lage: 25 km südwestlich von Firuzabad, 4 km südlich des sasanidischen Feuertempel-Komplexes von Kunar Siah, an der alten Karawanenstraße von Firuzabad zur Hafenstadt Bandar-e Taheri, dem antiken Siraf (149). Diese Strecke ist noch weitgehend unerforscht. Mindestens vier weitere Stationen eine südlich von Kunar Siah, eine bei Shish Kavar, eine nörd- lich Ahmad Abad und eine bei Kuh-e Shamshali - sind über- liefert, doch müssen weitere Karawanenstationen auf diesem Weg erwartet werden sowie ein Übergang über den Unter- ei- lauf des Rudkhaneh Mand. Typ: Hofkaravanserail ohne Iwane und ohne Stallungen. Langrechteckige Räume reihen sich an den Außenmauern. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 34,70 × 34,70 m, Hofabmes- sungen 20,50 × 20,50 m, Gebäudehöhe etwa 3,50 m. Baumaterial: Bruchstein. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen. Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Die von L. Vanden Berghe vorgeschlagene Datierung in sasanidische Zeit ist fraglich, vielmehr muß eine Datierung in islamische, vielleicht vorsafavidische Zeit ange- nommen werden. fn. 148 L.Vanden Berghe, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) III, 1961, 410 ff. fn. 149 D. Whitehouse, Excavations at Siraf, Iran 10, 1972, 87. 150 [Karavanserail Kunar Siah (Fig. 5; 221) (148) Location: 25 km southwest of Firuzabad, 4 km south of the Sasanian fire temple complex of Kunar Siah, on the old caravan route from Firuzabad to the port city of Bandar-e Taheri, the ancient Siraf ( 149). This route is still largely unexplored. At least four other stations - one south of Kunar Siah, one near Shish Kavar, one north of Ahmad Abad and one near Kuh-e Shamshali - are recorded, but further caravan stations must be expected on this route as well as a crossing over the lower inlet of the Rudkhaneh Mand. Type: Hofkaravanserail without Ivane and without stables. Long rectangular rooms are lined up along the outer walls. Dimensions: external dimensions 34.70 × 34.70 m, yard dimensions 20.50 × 20.50 m, building height about 3.50 m. Building material: quarry stone. Structural features and condition: Badly dilapidated. Inscriptions: none known. Dating: The dating to the Sasanian period suggested by L. Vanden Berghe is questionable; rather, a dating to the Islamic, perhaps pre-Safavid, period must be assumed. fn. 148 L.Vanden Berghe, Journal of the German Oriental Society (ZDMG) III, 1961, 410 ff. fn. 149 D. Whitehouse, Excavations at Siraf, Iran 10, 1972, 87. 150] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 122 « さらに急勾配の道を下 って南に3kmほどのところにササン朝期のキャラバンサライ址がある。キャラバンサライの保存 状態はよく、外壁の一辺32.00mの方形、西側に入口の開口部がみられる (cf. Fig. 10)75) L. Vanden Berghe によれば、Kunar Siyah の拝火神殿と同じくササン朝期のものと思われるキャラバ [Another 3km south down a steep road is the site of a Sassanid caravanserai. The caravanserai is well preserved, with an outer wall measuring 32.00m on each side and an entrance opening on the west side (cf. Fig. 10).75) According to L. Vanden Berghe, the caravanserai is thought to date back to the Sassanid period, just like the fire temple of Kunar Siyah.] » #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988 ~ p. 40 ※ SOURCE for Kunar Siyah carav. « さらに急勾配の道を下 って南に3kmほどのところにササン朝期のキャラバンサライ址がある。キャラバンサライの保存 状態はよく、外壁の一辺32.00mの方形、西側に入口の開口部がみられる (cf. Fig. 10)75) L. Vanden Berghe によれば、Kunar Siyah の拝火神殿と同じくササン朝期のものと思われるキャラバFig-10: Kunar Siyah のキャラバンサライ [Another 3km south down a steep road is the site of a Sassanid caravanserai. The caravanserai is well preserved, with a square outer wall measuring 32.00m on each side and an entrance opening on the west side (cf. Fig. 10).75) According to L. Vanden Berghe, the caravanserai is thought to be from the Sassanid period, just like the fire temple of Kunar Siyah. Fig-10: Caravanserai of Kunar Siyah] » #3343 Koji Kamioka and Hikoichi Yajima, Iran Zagurosu Sanmyaku goe no ki karaban ruto (Caravan routes across the Zagros Mountains in Iran), Research Institute for Languages and Culture of Asia and Africa, 1988 ~ p. 40 Kunar Takhteh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Konar Takhteh , Kunar Takhteh , کنار تخته , VARIANT names: Kanara-Takhta , Khonar-takhteh , Koonar Tukhteh , Kunar Takhteh , Kunar-takhta , ※ SOURCE for Kanara-Takhta « Nous avions vu successivement le sol s'abaisser devant nous, et les jours précédens nous avions eu plus souvent à descendre qu'à monter: nous supposions donc que nous devions être beaucoup au-dessous de la plaine de Chiraz. Nous n'en avions cependant pas fini avec les mon- tagnes, et, en partant de Kanara-Takhta , nous nous y trouvâmes en- gagés de nouveau; mais le chemin était moins aride et le terrain moins rocheux. ... Quelques pas plus loin, nous arrivions au sommet de la dernière chaîne que nous eussions à franchir; c'était aussi la moins élevée et la moins difficile. Nous vîmes, de ce point, s'ouvrir devant nous le large et profond horizon de h plaine sablonneuse de Ben- der-Bouchir. [We had seen the ground successively lower before us, and in the preceding days we had had more often to descend than to ascend: we therefore supposed that we must be much below the plain of Shiraz. However, we had not finished with the mountains, and, leaving Kanara-Takhta, we found ourselves engaged in them again; but the path was less barren and the terrain less rocky. ... A few steps further, we arrived at the top of the last chain that we had to cross; it was also the lowest and least difficult. From this point we saw the broad and deep horizon of the sandy plain of Bender-Bouchir open before us.] » #3225 Eugène Flandin, Souvenirs de Voyage en Arménie et en Perse. Chiraz et Le Golfe Persique, Revue des Deux Mondes, 1851 Vol. 12:No. 4:pp. 585-626 ~ p. 596 ※ SOURCE for Khonar-takhteh « At last, at last, the summit was reached, and we came out on a great level plain, half-way across which appeared the welcome sight of the night's caravanserai at the village of Khonar-takhteh. Dripping with per-spiration, we halted at the top to look out over the stretched-out world below us, and our little caravan came together for a few moments' rest. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 61 ※ SOURCE for Koonar Tukhteh see source « Kunar-takhta » ※ SOURCE for Kunar Takhteh « We effected, however in seven hours our march from Dálki, to the handsome and spacious Caravanserai of Kunár Takhtak (persian text), lately erected by ZA'L KHA'N (persian text), a distance of fourteen miles(8). Here at one o'clock in a room, the thermometer stood at 75; in the sun it rose to 113. A very ingenious French traveller who visited this country in 1674, declares that the excessive heat forced him and his companions to seek coolness, during a whole day, in the stream of Khisht, where hundreds of fishes approaching them at a time, numbers were taken by the hand, and furnished an abundant meal. fn. 1 (The Persian Caravansera (persian text) generally comprises four ranges of small rooms, forming a hollow square, into which the traveller enters by a gate; this when fastened at night, secures him, his horses or mules, and baggage from depredation. Some Caravanseras are built near running streams; others are supplied with water from wells or reservoirs. But the traveller must bring with him every thing else necessary for his support and comfort on the road, as the bare walls and vaulted roofs of the chambers afford him merely shelter. A more particular account of certain Caravanseras, with views, shall be given in the course of this work. » #2876 William Ouseley, Travels in Various Countries of the East, More Particularly Persia Vol. 1, Rodwell and Martin, London, 1819, ~ vol. 1 pp. 260-1 ※ SOURCE for Kunar-takhta « 19th February, Kunar-takhta, 8 farsakhs; 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. Next morning we set out for the telegraph station of Kunar-takhta,(2) nearly thirty miles north-east of Burazjun. fn. 2 That is, jujube-bed. The Kunar or jujube tree (the common ber of Hindustan) is a bush about as large as the hawthorn. It flourishes in the neighbourhood of the telegraph station to which it has given its name. 32 Six Months in Persia. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1882 ~ p. 34 « Dalaka to Kunar Takhta (50) 12 miles. fn. 50 Binning (1857), p. 170: “The village of Koonar Tukhteh is a small poverty-stricken place, with a date plantation beside it. The cottageshave thatched roofs with gable ends, instead of the more common flat roof. The caravansary, which is a tolerably good one, stands atsome little distance from the village.” • Macgregor (1875), p. 264: “In the centre of the plain [of Kisht] and on the high road is the groupof hamlets called Kunar Takht, lying around a commodious and solid masonry caravanserae.” Conder (1830), vol. 12, p. 314, referrsto the “capital caravansaray of Konartukht”. » #3182 Captain John Compton Pyne, A Journal of Three Months’ Walk in Persia in 1884 by Captain John Compton Pyne: Introduction, Notes and Translation, Amsterdam University Press, 2017 ~ p. 50 Kurdeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Kurdeh , Kurdeh-e Lar , Kur-deh-Lar , کورده , VARIANT names: Kourdeh , Kurdeh , ※ SOURCE for Kourdeh « Un farsang environ après Kourdeh, est une montagne que nous traversâmes assez facilement, la route étant peu escarpée. Nous descendîmes ensuite environ pendant deux farsangs, avant d'arriver à Lar. Il y a sur la route une grande quantité de citernes, mais toutes en mauvais état, [About one farsang after Kourdeh, is a mountain that we crossed quite easily, the road being not very steep. We then descended for about two farsangs, before arriving at Lar. There are a large number of tanks on the road, but all in poor condition,] » ##3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838., Librairie Encyclopédique De Roret, Paris, 1843 ~ pt.2 p. 528 ※ SOURCE for Kurdeh « E dopo di aver camminato due altre ore, e di aver fatto in tutto tre leghe di viaggio, mi fermai a riposare vicino alla villa Kurdeh presso ad una delle gran cisterne [And after having walked two more hours, and having traveled three leagues in all, I stopped to rest near the Kurdeh villa near one of the large cisterns] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 383 Kush Rabat or Gusha Rabat : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.65581641 long 62.10652179 VARIANT names: Kush Rabat or Gusha Rabat , ※ SOURCE for Kush Rabat or Gusha Rabat « 661. KUSH RABAT Or GUSHA RABAT. Original: Lat. 34º 39’ N, long. 62º 06’ E. Maps 92, 101. Revised: 34.65581641 N, 62.10652179 E / 34º 39’ 20.93907960 N, 062º 06’ 23.47843356 E. Herat Province. At the southern entrance to the Ardawān Pass, 36 km north–north-west of Herat. Date: Timurid, late 15th cent. (architectural). Description: A caravanserai on the old route from Herat to Merv. It has a monumental gateway and a mosque facing the entrance, with vaulted rooms around all sides of the courtyard. Construction is of baked brick, though in a poor state of preservation. Also ruins of a ‘considerable tower’ and of an eight-arched bridge over the Ardawān stream. Fieldwork: 1. 1884 Maitland, ABC—topographical survey. 2. 1967–9 Pugachenkova, Af/Sov. Mission—survey. 3. 1978–9 Samizay, Kābul University/UNESCO—survey. Sources: 1. Ferrier 1857: 190—mention. 2. Pioneer, 17 June 1885—mentions town and bridge. 3. Maitland 1887c: 479—brief description of caravanserai. 4. Maitland 1888a: 164—detailed description. 5. Pugachenkova 1970: 45–9—full architectural analysis and drawings. 6. Kabul Times 1979a—mentions repair work carried out. 7. Samizay 1981: 56–8—summary description with plans and photos of the monument, with a note on the need for conservation. 8. O’Kane 1987: 359–61—full description. 9. Golombek and Wilber 1988: 341–2—description of the caravanserai. 10. Ball 2008: 239—summary. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 237-8 large caravanserai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: building large caravanserai , caravanserai (?) , Karavanserail Sahneh , large caravanserai (?) , Sahna caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for building large caravanserai « En la orilla opuesta del rio, que atravesé sal-tando por pasaderas, edifican una gran carvasera á expensas de cierto potentado de Cashan, que hace veinte años pasó por allí pobre, desvalido, é hizo voto de construir aquel edificio si algun dia la suerte: le favorecia; veinticinco mil duros ha destinado á obra tan benéfica, y doce mil más al sostenimiento de ella. [On the opposite bank of the river, which I crossed by hopping over footbridges, they are building a large caravanserai at the expense of a certain powerful man from Cashan, who twenty years ago passed through there poor and helpless, and made a vow to build that building if fortune ever favored him; he has allocated twenty-five thousand duros to such a beneficent work, and twelve thousand more to its maintenance.] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 p. 89 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai (?) « A mezzo miglio ſi paſſa ſopra un antico, e gran Ponte d'uu arco ſolo, e in quel giorno paſſar fi deve al-tro monte, a piedi del quale và ad ad alloggiarsi in altro Caravanserai, alloggiamento frequente per le ſtrade di Perfia. [After half a mile you pass over an ancient and large bridge of a single arch, and on that day you must cross another mountain, at the foot of which you go to lodge in another caravanserai, a frequent lodging on the roads of Persia.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 21 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sahneh « Karavanserail Sahneh (Abb. 121)Lage: Im Ort, vollständig abgetragen. Kein Plan vor-handen.Umgebung: Nordwestlich von Sahneh und 12 km nord-östlich von Bisutun liegen die Wälle einer 1100 × 950 m gro-ßen Anlage (Abb. 147), die sicherlich Bezug auf die Karawa-nenstraße Baghdad - Teheran nimmt. Der Wall ist 2,50 m hoch erhalten, am Fuß 12 m breit und weist keine Turmvor-sprünge auf. Da keinerlei Funde vorliegen, ist eine Datierung der offenbar sehr alten Anlage nicht möglich 104. [Sahneh Caravanserai (Fig. 121)Location: Within the village, completely demolished. No plan available.Surroundings: Northwest of Sahneh and 12 km northeast of Bisutun lie the ramparts of a 1100 × 950 m complex (Fig. 147), which certainly relates to the Baghdad-Tehran caravan route. The rampart is preserved to a height of 2.50 m, 12 m wide at the base, and has no tower projections. Since no finds have been discovered, dating this apparently very old complex is not possible.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 89 ※ SOURCE for large caravanserai (?) « There is a large caravanserai at the entrance to Sannah, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 125 ※ SOURCE for Sahna caravanserai « The village of Sahna was a thriving one of about 1 50 houses. Hadi had fortunately bobtailed our horses, and we crossed without inconvenience a brawling torrent which ran through the middle of it. The streets, however, were knee- deep in slush, and we were glad to get out into the open. We passed several dyers' shops where the wool for carpets was dyed, and a magnificent caravanserai in process of construction at the sole expense of a certain Haji of Nerwan. It had already been two years building, forty or fifty men working at it for about two months a year at the rate of fivepence a day each. The brickkiln was two miles away from the site. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 428 Lari Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.270555 long 59.21774 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat ve cpehtel senti lari رباط و هتل سنتی لاری VARIANT names: Karavanserail Torbat-e Heydariyeh , Lari Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Torbat-e Heydariyeh « Karavanserail Torbat-e Heydariyeh (Abb. 5 und 67)Lage: Im Gebiet der heutigen Stadt Torbat-e Heyda-riyeh, in + 1340 m ü. N. N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, dreiseitig umlaufendem Stall und Kuppel über dem Eingangsraum, sowie blockartiger Fassade (unvollendet ?). Abmessungen: 59x56,50 m Außenmaße, 32,50 x 29,50 m Hofabmessungen. Kuppeldurchmesser 7 m, Wand-stärke 1 m. [Torbat-e Heydariyeh Caravanserai (Figs. 5 and 67)Location: In the area of ??the present-day city of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, at an elevation of 1340 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, a three-sided surrounding stable, and a dome over the entrance hall, as well as a block-like facade (unfinished?).Dimensions: 59 x 56.50 m exterior dimensions, 32.50 x 29.50 m courtyard dimensions. Dome diameter 7 m, wall thickness 1 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 50 Latidan sarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravan Ser Raw , Latidan , Latidan sarai , ※ SOURCE for Caravan Ser Raw « wherefore in the middle of the Vale we repaired to the Caravan Ser Raw almost buried in the Sand, it being the only obstacle to their rowling Billows. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 185 ※ SOURCE for Latidan « Camp at Latidān in a date grove. The village is uninhabited, except during the date picking season. Water. Good from a well. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 163 ※ SOURCE for Latidan sarai « Latidan sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « The Gishū range, 5,000 feet high, is distant six miles to the N. Date groves are passed on either side of the road. Camp at Lätidän in a date grove. The village is uninhabited, except during the date-picking season. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 29 Latifi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Latifi , لطیفی , VARIANT names: Charcaph , Charcapin , Charkhab , Chercoff , Latifi , S. Zacherchap , ※ SOURCE for Charcaph « [margin: 27] The next day, three hours before dawn [text blacked out] [margin: two hours after sunrise], the caravan reached Charcaph, (29) a league from Lār, where the governor of the city sent word inviting the Ambassador to come visit him, and requesting that he not enter the city until the next day at eight or nine o’clock because he wished to offer him a reception.fn. 29 Possibly present-day Chuki. » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ ※ SOURCE for Charcapin «151 (km) Charcapin (De Silva Figueroa) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Charkhab « Part of the travelogues and one of the few archeological findings about the village of Charkhab (Charkhab) is the ancient name of the city of Latifi today in Larestan, which itself expresses part of the longevity and historical signs of this land. Also, based on historical findings, the foundation stone of Latifi city was laid about three hundred years ago by hardworking people, those who have roots in the culture and long past of this country. At that time, the people who lived at a distance of ten kilometers from the old city of Lar in a shrine called "Darvish Aali" and belonged to the two tribes of "Hasan Charkhabi" and "Baqer Charkhabi" and were called Charkhabi, and these people lived through agriculture. and horticulture and they made a living by means of wells, aqueducts and draining wheels. » online reference link [accessed 07 Mar 2024] ※ SOURCE for Chercoff «151 (km) Chercoff (Chardin) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Latifi « The road now passes through highly cultivated land, past date groves. At 19 miles, the village of Latifi is passed; the road here subdivides into numerous tracks, and the town can be entered at several points. For a detailed account of Lar, » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 171 « Dans une direction oblique, presque au pied des monts, à droite, paraît, au milieu d'une forêt de palmiers, le village de Latifi, d'une cinquantaine de feux seulement. [In an oblique direction, almost at the foot of the mountains, on the right, appears, in the middle of a forest of palm trees, the village of Latifi, with only about fifty lights.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 433 ※ SOURCE for S. Zacherchap «151 (km) S. Zacherchap (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 Lavar-e-Dashtak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Lavar-e-Dashtak caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Lavar-e-Dashtak caravanserai « ; il caravanserraglio di Lavar-e-Dashtak, pure nella zona a settentrione di Jenah, dove sostavano le carovane delle vie commerciali degli Zagros [; the caravanserai of Lavar-e-Dashtak, also in the area north of Jenah, where the caravans of the Zagros trade routes stopped] » #3327 Angelo Ferrari Pietro Ragni, Kemeshk - Risorse idriche e territorio, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IMC – Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Roma, 2016 ~ p. 61 Lehmkaravanserail bei Ardestan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.37758 long 52.384911 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: location approximate VARIANT names: Lehmkaravanserail bei Ardestan , ※ SOURCE for Lehmkaravanserail bei Ardestan « Lehmkaravanserail bei Ardestan (Abb. 12;219) (119)Lage: Am Abzweig der Straße nach Zavareh und der Seraße in das Stadtzentrum von Ardestan, am nördlichen An fang der Umgehungsstraße von Ardestan, in +1140 mü.N.N., ctwa 6 km von Ardestan entfernt.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und aufßermittigem Ein-gang in der Nordfront.Abmessungen: 33.50 x 26m Außenmaße, 13 x 16,50 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Gebäudes auf 3.50 m rekonstru artBaumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verwüstete Ruine.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit erbaut.fn 119 Das Karavanserail wurde am 7. 3. 1986 vermessen. [Mud Caravanserai near Ardestan (Fig. 12;219) (119)Location: At the junction of the road to Zavareh and the road to the town center of Ardestan, at the northern beginning of the Ardestan bypass, at 1140 meters above sea level, approximately 6 km from Ardestan.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans and a central entrance on the north side.Dimensions: 33.50 x 26 m external dimensions, 13 x 16.50 m courtyard dimensions. Reconstructed building height: 3.50 m.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built during the Qajar period.fn 119 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 7, 1986.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 111 Lehmkaravanserail nordwestlich von Murcehkhort : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.117618 long 51.44933 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Lehmkaravanserail nordwestlich von Murcehkhort , ※ SOURCE for Lehmkaravanserail nordwestlich von Murcehkhort « Lehmkaravanserail nordwestlich von Murcehkhort (Morcheb Khort/Murtchehkhort) (Abb. 12; 87) (64)Lage: 5 km nordwestlich von Murcehkhort, neben der Asphaltstraße Meymeh - Murcehkhort, in +1720 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Stallungen beiderseits des Eingangs.Abmessungen: 54,50 x 50 m Außenmaße, 41 x 37 m Hof-abmessungen. Rekonstruierte Höhe der Iwan-Fassaden 5,70 m (Abb. 88).Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist sehr stark zerstört und die Ruine verwittert.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich im Zuge der Verlegung derRoute Meymeh - Murcehkhort (Aufgabe der Route über das Karavanserail Vandadeh) in qadjarischer Zeit errichtet.Im Bereich der Ruine wurden (Abb. 89, von oben) Bruchstücke einer innen helltürkisfarben glasierten, großen Schale, einer innen graublau glasierten Schale und hellgelb-braune, ritzverzierte Scherben beobachtet.fn 64 Die Ruine wurde am 10. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Mud-brick caravanserai northwest of Murcehkhort (Morcheb Khort/Murtchehkhort) (Figs. 12; 87) 64Location: 5 km northwest of Murcehkhort, next to the asphalt road Meymeh - Murcehkhort, at 1720 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and stables on either side of the entrance.Dimensions: 54.50 x 50 m external dimensions, 41 x 37 m courtyard dimensions. Reconstructed height of the iwan facades: 5.70 m (Fig. 88).Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: The building is severely damaged and the ruins are weathered.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably erected during the rerouting of theMeymeh - Murcehkhort route (abandonment of the route via the Vandadeh caravanserai) in the Qajar period.In the area of the ruin, fragments of a large bowl glazed with a light turquoise interior, a bowl glazed with a gray-blue interior, and light yellow-brown, incised shards were observed (Fig. 89, from top).fn 64 The ruins were surveyed on March 10, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 48 Lehmkaravanserail südwestlich Mobarakeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.232866 long 51.314239 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Lehmkaravanserail südwestlich Mobarakeh , ※ SOURCE for Lehmkaravanserail südwestlich Mobarakeh « Lehmkaravanserail südwestlich Mobarakeh (Abb. 12; 294) 154Lage: 27 km südwestlich Mobarakeh, 21 km nordöstlich Sefid Dasht, in +1880 m ü.N.N., an einer Karawanenroute von Esfahan über Mobarakeh - Sefid Dasht - Shamsabad und weiter über den Bakhtiarenweg nach Khuzestan.Typ: Hofanlage einfacher Art, möglicherweise nach Nordosten vergrößert, mit vier runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 50 x 29,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 39,50 x 19,50 m Hofabmessungen der vergrö-ßerten Anlage, erhaltene Höhe der Mauer maximal 2,90 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch im Grundriß meßbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Mud Caravanserai southwest of Mobarakeh (Fig. 12; 294) 154Location: 27 km southwest of Mobarakeh, 21 km northeast of Sefid Dasht, at an elevation of 1880 m above sea level, on a caravan route from Isfahan via Mobarakeh, Sefid Dasht, and Shamsabad, continuing along the Bakhtiari Trail to Khuzestan.Type: Simple farmstead, possibly enlarged to the northeast, with four round corner towers.Dimensions: 50 x 29.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 39.50 x 19.50 m courtyard dimensions of the enlarged structure, maximum preserved wall height 2.90 m.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: Only measurable in plan.Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Probably Qadjar, 19th century.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 150 Lehmziegelstation Malvadjerd : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.069589 long 52.587817 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: unable to locate VARIANT names: Lehmziegelstation Malvadjerd , ※ SOURCE for Lehmziegelstation Malvadjerd « Lehmziegelstation Malvadjerd (Taf. 31,3) (Abb. 12; 263) 139Lage: 9 km südlich von Hassanabad, an der Nord-Süd-Route Na'in - Varzaneh - Abarku/Abarquh, am Westufer des Salzsees, in +1510 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier runden Ecktürmen und Vorbau.Auf leicht abfallendem Gelände im Osten durch einen Gra-ben geschützt.Abmessungen: 31 x 29 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 19 x 11 m Hofabmessungen, Vorbau 31 x 16 m, erhaltene Mauerhöhe etwa 4 m. Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise und Lehmziegel (40/40/8 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierunng: Auf Grund der Lehmziegelformate kann die Anlage in frühislamischer Zeit (seldschukischer) entstan-den sein. Mehrfarbig glasierte Keramik (dunkelblau auf weiß). [Malvadjerd Mud Brick Station (Plate 31.3) (Fig. 12; 263) 139Location: 9 km south of Hassanabad, on the north-south route Na'in - Varzaneh - Abarku/Abarquh, on the western shore of the salt lake, at an elevation of 1510 m above sea level.Type: Farmstead with four round corner towers and a portico.On gently sloping terrain, protected to the east by a ditch.Dimensions: 31 x 29 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 19 x 11 m courtyard dimensions, portico 31 x 16 m, remaining wall height approximately 4 m.Building material: Mud construction and mud bricks (40/40/8 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Based on the mudbrick format, the structure may have originated in the early Islamic (Seljuk) period. Multicolored glazed ceramics (dark blue on white).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 134 Lekab Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.649674 long 52.380769 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye lekab کاروانسرای لکاب VARIANT names: Karavanserail Lakab , Karvansara-ye Lekab , Lekab Caravanserai , Siah-cuh caravanserai , Siocooh , Syacow Carravans-raw , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Lakab « Karavanserail Lakab (Taf. 26,1 und 26,2) (Abb. 7 und 144) (66), am Ostabhang des Siahkuh, an einem alten Weg von Semnan nach Kashan, östlich am Siahkuh vorbeiLage: 45 km östlich vom Karavanserail Abbasabad Siahkuh, in hügeligem Gelände und nur zu Fuß erreichbar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, runden Eck-und Zwischentürmen und vorgezogenem Portal - mehr als Straßenposten, weniger zur Unterbringung von Reisenden zu werten.Abmessungen: 25,30 × 24,60 m Außenmaße (ohme Turmvorsprünge), 11,80 × 10,10 m Hofabmessungen und 8,40 m beziehungsweise 6,40 m Außenhöhe in abfallendem Gelände (Abb. 145).Baumaterial: Bruchsteine in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist im Innern wie an den Außenmauern stark ruinös.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt. [ 842 Lakab Caravanserail (Plates 26.1 and 26.2) (Figs. 7 and 144) (66), on the eastern slope of Siahkuh, on an old road from Semnan to Kashan, passing east of Siahkuh.Location: 45 km east of Abbasabad Siahkuh Caravanserail, in hilly terrain and accessible only on foot.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, round corner and intermediate towers, and a projecting entrance – more of a roadside post than a place to house travelers.Dimensions: 25.30 × 24.60 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 11.80 × 10.10 m courtyard dimensions, and 8.40 m and 6.40 m external heights on sloping terrain (Fig. 145). Building material: Rubble stones laid in mortar.Structural features and condition: The building is in a state of severe disrepair, both inside and on the exterior walls.Inscriptions: None known.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 82 ※ SOURCE for Siah-cuh caravanserai « Il mercoldi, che fu l'ultimo di gennaio, camminate cinque o sei altre leghe fra monticelli, andammo ad alloggiar la sera in un caravanserai, che chiamano Siah-cuh, cioè Nero Monte; cosi detto in lingua persiana per un monte vicino, che nero apparisce di lontano. Il giorno in una conserva di acqua buona e dolce che trovammo per la strada, e presso a quella desinammo, facemmo provvi-sione per la sera empiendo i nostri otri, perchè nel caravanserai di Siah-cuh non se ne trova se pon salmastra; e però il re ha ordinato, e già ſa lavorare un altro caravanserai in quel luogo, distante alquanto dal primo, e presso a certa acqua buona, avendo gravemente punito l'architetto che fabbrica il primo ca-ravanserai, che è pur fatto da poco in quel luogo privo di acqua buona, potendo fare altrimenti, perchè quella spesa è buttata, e subito che sarà fornito il secondo caravanserai con l'acqua buona, il primo si abbandopera. [On Wednesday, the last day of January, after walking another five or six leagues among the hills, we went to lodge for the evening in a caravanserai called Siah-cuh, meaning Black Mountain; so called in Persian because of a nearby mountain that appears black from afar. That day, we filled our waterskins with fresh, good water that we found along the way, and had lunch near it. We stocked up for the evening by filling our waterskins, since there is no brackish water to be found in the caravanserai of Siah-cuh. and therefore the king has already ordered the construction of another caravanserai in that place, somewhat distant from the first, and near some good water, having severely punished the architect who built the first caravanserai, which was also recently built in that place without good water, being able to do otherwise, because that expense is wasted, and as soon as the second caravanserai is supplied with good water, the first will be abandoned.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 pp. 574-5 ※ SOURCE for Siocooh « This daye we cam to Siocooh [Siyahküh], a very fayre caravanserow, wher we picht, haueing traveled 8 leauges, and som part of the waye was ouer y salt desart. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Syacow Carravans-raw « Our next nights lodging was at Syacow ten farsangs (or parassangs as Pliny calls them) thirty miles English, notable in her Carravans-raw, built from the ground of good free stone, white and polisht, and was the first building of that materiall I saw in eight hundred miles riding; a word of our last nights journey. The most part of the night we rode upon a causey broad enough for ten horse abreast, built by incredible labour and expence over a most dreadfull Desart, eeven and affoording a plaine Horizon of boggy loose ground, cover'd a top, a yards depth with pure salt, as white as snow; a miserable passage, for if either the wind force the salt abroad like dust, or that by any accident Horse or Camell mistake the way, the quaggy bogg upholds them not, but suffers them to sinck past all recoverie; a passage more feared, from some forlorne hopes that pillage passengers; God be blest, wee escaped this, but not another, little lesse formidable; for wee had no sooner past the salt Desart, but of necessity wee must climb over and about hills, so high and glomerating, as if Olympus had beene cut out into Dedalian labyrinths. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 164 Lenghe Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 26.734791 long 55.610259 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaray langeh ay كاروانسراي لنگه اي VARIANT names: Lenghe Caravanserai , Madkhun : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Madkhun , Modkhun , مدخون , VARIANT names: Madkhun , ※ SOURCE for Madkhun « MADKHUN Sarai 16 m. Leaving Hasanābād (2,000') on Route No. 32 strike N.-N.-W. over the swampy and mosquito-ridden Qir-o-Kārzin plain, passing Gawaki at 3½ miles. Baiyūn at 3 miles, Deh Beh at 4 miles. A t 4½ miles cross a ridge which cuts off valley from Tang surmounted by ancient fort and pierced by irrigation channels. At 5 miles reach mouth of Tang through which Mund runs in a S.-E. direction. There is a track along right or S. bank only difficult but not impassable for loaded mules. At 9 miles river changes its direction, cutting through the hills to N. by an im- passable gorge. The track continues N.-W. up narrow valley, crossing fresh water S.-W. at 10 miles. It then runs N.-N.-W. and ascends slowly to the Haftad-o-Du Pich Pass (2,500'), then N. or N.-N.-W. to Madkhūn sarai (2,400') at 16 miles (17 miles on stage 2, Route 41); dilapidated, but still capable of sheltering fairly large party: it stands on bank of Rudkhaneh-i-Madkhun, a fresh-water stream » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 244 Maghsoudbeyk Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.654601 long 51.67944 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Maghsoudbeyk Caravanserai , Mahan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: converted to Shahvali Hotel ? VARIANT names: Mahan caravanserai , Mahun caravanserai , Shah Nematollah Vali Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Mahun caravanserai « Mahun. ... There is a capital caravanserai here, and I encamped there at first, but an old gentleman soon came and insisted on my going to the Wakil-al-Mulk's rest-house, so after seeing the men all comfortable (we had to buy firewood here instead of cutting it as usual), I went next door » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 310 ※ SOURCE for Shah Nematollah Vali Caravanserai EAMENA-0207491 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Maharlu Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.3464 long 52.820787 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi macpeherlu کاروانسرای شاه عباسی مهارلو VARIANT names: Maharlu Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Maheyrun caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Maheyrun caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Maheyrun caravanserai « Ascend out over a steep gravel bank, and at 12¼ miles halt at the caravanserai of Maheyrun. ... Leave Mahey-run. Road over a stony plain; at mile turns to the left down a dry nullah and then skirts the right bank of the river for a short distance. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 6 Mahneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.99116 long 58.848951 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: no known caravanserai VARIANT names: Mahneh , ※ SOURCE for Mahneh « Mahneh (Abb. 5)Lage: 30 km südwestlich von Robat-e Bibi und 31 km nördlich von Robat-e Kamani, an der Straße nach Gonabad.Ein Karavanserail oder eine Station ist anzunehmen. [Mahneh (Fig. 5)Location: 30 km southwest of Robat-e Bibi and 31 km north of Robat-e Kamani, on the road to Gonabad.A caravanserai or station is likely located there.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 52 Mahruban : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Mahi-rūban , Mahruban , Mahrūban , Mahrūyan , ※ SOURCE for Mahi-rūban « 15. MAHI-RUBAN, a town standing like an island amidst water It is a flourishing place and the emporium of the whole of Pārs. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 127 ※ SOURCE for Mahruban [coordinates based on the following source. PBR] « At a distance of seven hundred meters to the west of the current village of Shah Abdullah and on the shore of the Pars sea, the hills and the ruins of the old city of Mehroban are located. The length of the land that is under the ruins of the old city of Mehroban today is four kilometers and three hundred meters and its width is about one kilometer. » #3032 Ahmed Iqtidari, As_ār-i shahrhā-yi bāstāni-i savāḥil va jazā'ir-i Khalij-i Fārs va Daryā-yi ?Umān (The remains of the ancient cities of the coasts and islands of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ??Oman), Organization of National Antiquities, Tehran, 1348 (1967/8) ~ (The remains of the ancient cities of the coasts and islands of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ??Oman), Organization of National Antiquities, Tehran, 1348 (1967/8) ~ p. 3 [text is google translation from the original Persian. PBR] « Not far from the mouth of the river Shîrîn-which, as already said, is the modern Tâb or Zuhrah river-lay the port of Mahrubân, close to the western frontier of Fârs, and this was the first harbour reached by ships bound to India after leaving Basrah and the Tigris estuary. Mahrubân was accounted the port of Arrajân, and in the 4th (10th) century was very populous, and had a fine mosque and good markets. According to Mustawfî the Persians called it Mâyruyân, or Mahruyân; linen was made here, and dates were exported, but the shipping was always the chief source of income. Nasir-i-Khusraw touched at Mahrubân in 443 (1052), and describes the town as lying along the sea-shore on the eastern side of the bay. The markets were excellent, and the mosque bore the name of Yakub, son of Layth the Saffarid. Water was stored in cisterns, there were three great caravanserais for travellers who landed here for Arrajân, and the commerce of the place was considerable. » #895 Le Strange, G., The lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur., Cambridge University Press, London, 1905, ~ pp. 272-3 « #760 Bosworth C. Edmund, Decorative Printed Maps of the 15th to 18th Centuries, Journal of the Society for Iranian Studies, Michigan, 1997 (winter/spring), 30:1-2:77-94 ~ » #760 Bosworth C. Edmund, Decorative Printed Maps of the 15th to 18th Centuries, Journal of the Society for Iranian Studies, Michigan, 1997 (winter/spring), 30:1-2:77-94 ~ p. 84 « In the eleventh century Nasir-i-Khisraw visited both sides of the Arab Gulf, ... He adds that Mahruban on the Eastem toast, was a centre for the collection of customs duties,(13) an indication that another port had already begun to share trade importance with Siraf fn. l3 Nasir-i-Khisraw. Safar-Nameh, Arabic translation by Y. Khashshab, (Cairo, 1945), 100-101. » #1000 Ziadeh, Nicola, Trade and travel in the Arabian Gulf in the Middle Ages, ARAM Society for Syro-Mesopotamian Studies, Oxford, 1999-2000, 11-12:161-9 ~ p. 164 ※ SOURCE for Mahrūban « 15. In Ist., 113, Maq., 422, Mahruban, but I.R., 97, gives Mahirübān. Ist., 135, fixes the western maritime frontier of Färs at Mahriban. Maq., 453, counts from Arrajan to Rishahr 1 marhala, and thence to Mahrūbān I ditto, and further says: "and from Mahrübān to Siniz, or to the river (al-nahr), I marhala, and from the river to Arrajan i ditto." It is not impossible that in the second passage stands for, or that, Rishahr lying near the Shirin river, the distance to Rishahr, or to the river, was practically the same. [The traveller in both directions could like to cross the river not in the evening but in the morning of the second day.] Accord- ing to our author Mahirübān was situated "in the sea between (the bends or branches of) the Tab river" (§ 6, 35.), but as explained in the notes the courses of the Tab and Shirin (§ 6, 32.) rivers have got confused in the text. The estuary of the river Tab (Jarrahi), i.e. the Khor-Müsä, lies too far west for the distances indicated in Maq., and most probably was reckoned to Khüzistan and not to Fårs. Therefore the only estuary at which Mahrūbān could lie is that of the Shirin. The Shirin may have changed its course but approximately Mahrūban should be sought in the region of Hindiyan and Tuwaysha. Still more curious is the fact that on the older maps (see Russian 40 verst map of Persia, German 1: 800,000 map of 1918) a place "Mahruyak" appears on the left bank of the Shirin (Hindiyan) river quite close to the latter's estuary. This name unmistakably reminds one of Mahrüban, though the Pilot, 1864, p. 223, mentions no such name near the entrance of the "Tab river" (by which the Shirin river is meant).(2) fn. 2 The Shirin (Hindiyan, Zuhra) river is still called "Tab" on our maps. Our author's confusion of the names Tab and Shirin may point to an ancient origin of this ambiguous use. » #2901 V Minorsky, Hudud Al Alam The Regions Of The World, Luzac and printed at the University Press, Oxford, for the Trustees of the 'EJW Gibb Memorial', London, 1937, ~ p. 378 ※ SOURCE for Mahrūyan « Mahrūyān, pronounced Māhi Rūyān by the people of Fārs: A city on the coast, the port of Arrajān, located at 86 degrees longitude and 30 degrees latitude. It has a flourishing marketplace and a small river. The climate is hot and putrid. Nevertheless it is a busy entrepot, because anyone going from Fārs to the sea by way of Khūzistān, or from Basra to Khūzistān, stops here. There is no fruit other than dates. The chief source of income is from ships. It also grows much flax. This port is the extreme border of Fārs on the sea. From here it is 170 parasangs along the seacoast to Ḥiṣn Ibn ʿUmāra, where the land of Fārs ends. Ḥiṣn Ibn ʿUmāra: A strong fortress at 91½ degrees longitude and 29½ degrees latitude. It is in the direction of Kirmān. From Sirāf it can be reached along the seacoast, passing through scattered mountains and deserts. It is also called Qalʿa-i Dānbān and Jalandi. Later it fell to ruin. » #3044 Kātib Çelebi ed: Gottfried Hagen and Robert Danko, An Ottoman Cosmography, Translation of Cihānnümā, Brill, Leiden, 2021 ~ pt. 1 p. 238 Mahyar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mahyar , Mahyar Caravanserai , Mahyar Caravanserai , Majaart Karrawaniera , Mayar , new building , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahyar « Karavanserail Mahyar (Abb. 12; 274) 149Lage: Am Rand des Dorfes Mahyar, 50 km südlich Es-fahan (Zentrum), an der Straße Esfahan - Shiraz.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, ohne Türme. Vorhof vor dem Portalbau und flankie-rende, überwölbte >>Ladenstraße mit Geschäften und einem Andachtsraum.Abmessungen: 89 x 82m Außenmaße, 48,30 x 38,70 m Hofabmessungen. 4,85 m Breite der "Ladenstraße" vor dem Eingang, Tiefe des Vorhofes 15,55 m. Höhe der Hoffassaden 6,60 m (Abb. 275). [Mahyar Caravanserai (Fig. 12; 274) 149Location: On the edge of the village of Mahyar, 50 km south of Esfahan (city center), on the Esfahan-Shiraz road.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and no towers. A forecourt lay in front of the entrance building, flanked by a vaulted arcade with shops and a prayer room.Dimensions: 89 x 82 m external dimensions, 48.30 x 38.70 m courtyard dimensions. 4.85 m width of the arcade in front of the entrance, forecourt depth 15.55 m. Height of the courtyard facades 6.60 m (Fig. 275).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 139 ※ SOURCE for Mahyar Caravanserai « towards Mayar, at 30 miles. This village is an irregular polygon, surrounded by high walls with loop-holed towers, now in ruins (Curzon), and is situated among gardens and cultivation, immediately under the steep, rocky range to the left of the valley. There is a small post-house outside the village, with a good well and a large masonry caravansarai, in dilapidated condition.. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187 ※ SOURCE for Mahyar Caravanserai «1668-016 Mahyār Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 15 54.06 E51 48 35.04 0.92 ha 76.45 ha» online reference link [accessed 17 Mar 2025] « It was not yet 3 P.M. when we reached Mayár, and halted at an old caravansaray, the construction of which was, as usual , attributed to Shah Abbás. There was nothing to do but to wile away the time as well as might be by lounging about, looking at the few travellers who had taken up their quarters at this disconsolate spot, » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 222 ※ SOURCE for Majaart Karrawaniera « Hier is een koftelyke nieuwe Karrawaniera, voorzien van een groote menigte van huizinge voor de Reizigers, ook van watertanken, of bemetzelde Vyvers, om zig te walichen, Men kan ook daar van alles te koop krygen, wat men benoodigd is, alzoo daar groote Botiken, of winkels zyn. Daar is ook een groote opene plaats, duar een cierlyk opene Talaal of Galdery, van blaeuwe fleen gemetzeld is, ontrent 4 a 5 voeten hoog, met fleene trappen, daar men gemeenelyk gaat zitten Kaljang rooken, of Coffi drinken. Deze Karawanfera is geftigt doar den jegenwoordig regerende Koning, dog was nog niet voltoit. [Here is a charming new Karawanfera, equipped with a large number of houses for travelers, as well as water tanks or brick-lined pints for refreshment. One can also buy anything one needs there, as there are large shops or stores. There is also a large open space with an ornate, open talaal or gallery, made of blue brick, about 4 or 5 feet high, with small steps, where people usually sit to smoke kaljang or drink coffee. This Karawanfera was founded by the current reigning King, but was not yet completed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 pp. 259-60 ※ SOURCE for Mayar « The next Day brought us to Mayar (3), Twenty Miles fn 3 Mayar, the Moyeor of Herbert (149), about 25 miles S.S.E. of Ispahan. "Mahiar, where there is a very good Inn. But the land between this and Ispahan is all very barren and without wood" (Tavernier, 245). For this place, see Curzon, ii, 61: Morier, First Journey, 151, Second Journey, 127: Browne, 222: Wills, 357. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ pp. 238-9 ※ SOURCE for new building « Man ging 1/4 Stunde durch das Dorf SO + 0 zu einem neuen Werke, welches von einem modernen Konige gestiftet wurde. Es bestand in einem neuen Tschahar Bagh (= vier Garten) und einer vortrefflichen Karawanserei, die noch unter den Handen der Architekten war und erst die Grundlage empfangen hatte. Die Back.steine waren aUe weiE und kosdich. Sie wurden nebst dem Kalke daselbst gebrannt, wozu mit Miihe ein Geriist gemacht war, urn Holz und Steine durch Esel hinzuzuschaffen. (Kleine Zeichnung des aufwarts fuhrenden Stegs.) Urn die Muhe weidau6ger Beschreibung zu sparen, setze ich den GrundriE her (Zeichnung). [One walked for a quarter of an hour through the village southeast of the east to a new building, which had been commissioned by a modern king. It consisted of a new chahar bagh (four gardens) and an excellent caravanserai, which was still under construction and had only just received its foundation. The bricks were all white and coarse. They were fired there along with the lime, for which a bridge had been laboriously built to transport wood and stones by donkey. (Small drawing of the uphill bridge.) To save the trouble of a lengthy description, I am providing the ground plan (drawing).] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 86 Majid abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.863206 long 50.574353 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Madjidabad , Majid abad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Madjidabad « Karavanserail Madjidabad (Taf. 16,3-17,2) (Abb. 3 und 90) südöstlich von Saveh (47)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 28 km südöstlich von Sa-veh bei einem aufgelassenen Dorf in + 900 m ü.N.N., am heute nicht mehr begangenen Weg von Saveh nach Qom. Eine Brücke über den Qom-Rud südlich des Karavanserails ist vollständig zerstört und weggeschwemmt worden.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, Kuppel über Eingang und Obergeschoß, vier Stallabteilungen und halb-runden und 7seitigen Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 58 × 55,70m Außenabmessungen (ohne die Türme), 35 x 35 m Hofabmessungen, Portalhöhe 8,15 m, Höhe bis zum Kuppelscheitel 9,10 m (Abb.91).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel und Stuck-Stalaktiten-formen, dazu ein Bruchstück eines Stuckfrieses, dessen Her-kunft innerhalb des Karavanserails unbekannt ist (Abb.92).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail Madjidabad wird durch seine Stuck-Stalaktitenaus-schmückung hervorgehoben. Es befand sich 1976 in relativ gutem baulichem Zustand.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Auf Grund der Stalaktitenformen kann der Bau in die safavidische Zeit datiert werden. fn 47 Karavanserail Madjidabad wurde am 1. und 8. 12. 1976 vermessen. [Madjidabad Caravanserail (Plates 16.3–17.2) (Figs. 3 and 90) southeast of Saveh (47)Location: The caravanserail is located 28 km southeast of Saveh near an abandoned village at an elevation of 900 m above sea level, on the now-disused road from Saveh to Qom. A bridge over the Qom Rud River south of the caravanserail has been completely destroyed and washed away.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, a dome over the entrance and upper floor, four stable compartments, and semicircular, seven-sided corner towers.Dimensions: 58 × 55.70 m external dimensions (excluding the towers), 35 × 35 m courtyard dimensions, portal height 8.15 m, height to the apex of the dome 9.10 m (Fig. 91). Building materials: Fired bricks and stucco stalactites, along with a fragment of a stucco frieze whose origin within the caravanserail is unknown (Fig. 92).Structural features and condition: The Madjidabad caravanserail is distinguished by its stucco stalactite decoration. In 1976, it was in relatively good structural condition.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Based on the stalactite forms, the building can be dated to the Safavid period.fn 47 The Madjidabad caravanserail was surveyed on December 1st and 8th, 1976.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 59 Malek Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 32.628372 long 51.685061 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Malek Caravanserai of Isfahan کاروان?سرای ملک اصفهان VARIANT names: Malek Caravanserai , Malek Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.496749 long 60.872782 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye molk کاروانسرای ملک VARIANT names: Malek Caravanserai , Mansaf Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.269016 long 62.797731 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Mansaf Caravanserai , Manzarieh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.891202 long 50.819925 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Manzariyeh , Manzarieh Caravanserai , Shashgird caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Manzariyeh « Karavanserail Manzariyeh an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (27)Lage: Etwa in der Mitte zwischen der Station Baqerabad und dem Karavanserail Askerabad (etwa jeweils 9-10 km).Typ: Das Karavanserail Manzariyeh entspricht im Typ, in der Architekturform, im Dekor und in der Erbauungszeit dem Karavanserail Aliabad. Der Bau wird als Militäreinrich-tung genutzt, der Zutritt ist deswegen nicht möglich. Nicht vermessen.fn 27 M. Siroux. Caravanserails d'Iran, 96f. [Manzariyeh Caravanserail on the Tehran-Qom road (27)Location: Approximately midway between the Baqerabad station and the Askerabad Caravanserail (about 9-10 km apart).Type: The Manzariyeh Caravanserail is similar in type, architectural style, decor, and construction period to the Aliabad Caravanserail. The building is used as a military facility, therefore access is not permitted. Not surveyed.fn 27 M. Siroux. Caravanserails d'Iran, 96f.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Shashgird caravanserai « After crossing a rapid muddy river, nearly dry in summer, by a much decayed bridge of seven or eight low arches, we reached terra firma, and a long gradual ascent and a series of gallops brought us to the large caravanserai of Shashgird, an immense place with imposing pretensions which are fully realised within. In the outer court camels were lying in rows. A fine tiled archway leads to an immense quadrangle, with a fine stone abambar or covered receptacle for water in the middle. All round the quadrangle are arched recesses or mangers, each with a room at the back, to the number of eighty. At two of the corners there are enclosed courtyards with fountains, several superior rooms with beds (much to be avoided), chairs, mirrors, and tables fairly clean—somewhat dreary luxury, but fortunately at this season free from vermin. That caravanserai can accommodate 1000 men in rooms, and 1500 mules. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 173 « Yesterday I rode in here from the magnificent caravanserai of Shashgird, sixteen miles in three hours before lunch, and straight through the crowded bazars to the telegraph office unmolested, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 213 Maqsud Begi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Kleiss states « The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). » Now only one can be possibly identified that is Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI. NIMA/GNS names: Magsud Beyk , Maqsud Begi , Maqsud Beyk , VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk , Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala , Machsud carauansera , Magfoe-begie caravanserai , Mahsud , Maksoubegui , Maksud Beg , Maksudbegi , Maqsud Begi , Marzubeki , Mirza-Kut-chec , Moxabeg , Moxutebeggy , Muchsawbeggu , Muksood Beggy , ※ SOURCE for caravasar « A 16 caminó la caravana siete leguas, á una mucho mas pobre y miserable aldea cuyo nonbre no mereçe hazerse memoria del; [At 16 the caravan traveled seven leagues, to a much poorer and more miserable village whose name does not deserve to be remembered;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 2 p. 14 ※ SOURCE for Carawansera « Upon the 22 we set forward again and had very hilly way, which proved so incommodous that we travailed that day no more than 6 Dutch Miles, and took our Nights rest at a Carawansera, where we met another Caravan coming from Gammeron richly loaden with all sorts of Indian Commodities, and bound for several Markets in Persia. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 329 ※ SOURCE for Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk « Die Karavanserails von Maqsud Beyk (Abb. 12; 277) (150)Lage: Maqsud Beyk liegt 35 km südöstlich von Shahreza (Qomsheh/ Qumisheh), 35 km nördlich von Izadkhast (Pro-vinz Fars), in +1900 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz, und 20 km nördlich von Karavanserail Aminabad (Provinz Fars). Maqsud Beyk ist der letzte Kara-wanenort in der Provinz Esfahan (moderne Provinzauftei-lung).Die 8 Karawanenbauten von Maqsud Beyk, von denen 7 erfaßt werden konnten, erstrecken sich auf einer Entfernung von 2 km von Nord nach Süd beiderseits der Straße Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz (Abb. 277). Im Dorf Maqsud Beyk liegt eine stark befestigte Dorfburg, die gelegentlich auch als Un-terkunftsort für Reisende gedient haben mag (151).fn 150 Die sieben noch sichtbaren Karavanserail-Ruinen wurden am 9. 12. 1984 (Nr. V und VII), am 12.6.1987 (Nr. VI) und am 12. 12. 1988 (Nr. I, II, III und IV) vermessen.fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff. [The Caravanserails of Maqsud Beyk (Fig. 12; 277) (150)Location: Maqsud Beyk is located 35 km southeast of Shahreza (Qomsheh/Qumisheh), 35 km north of Izadkhast (Fars Province), at an elevation of 1900 m above sea level, on the Esfahan Izadkhast - Shiraz road, and 20 km north of the Aminabad Caravanserail (Fars Province). Maqsud Beyk is the last caravan settlement in the Esfahan Province (modern provincial division).The eight caravanserail buildings of Maqsud Beyk, seven of which could be identified, extend over a distance of 2 km from north to south on both sides of the Esfahan Abadeh - Shiraz road (Fig. 277). In the village of Maqsud Beyk lies a heavily fortified village castle, which may occasionally have served as accommodation for travelers (151).fn 150 The seven remaining caravanserai ruins were surveyed on December 9, 1984 (Nos. V and VII), on June 12, 1987 (No. VI), and on December 12, 1988 (Nos. I, II, III, and IV).fn 151 W. Kleiss, AMI 26, 1993, 276ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 141 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Myrsa kuczik Kala « Von dort 1/2 Stunde zur Karawanserei und zum Garten desselben Stifters geradewegs S + 0, wohin ein breiter, gleichma~iger Weg fiihrte. Hinter der Karawanserei war ein baumreicher Traubengarten mit dick bewachsenen Aileen von WeiBpappeln. Ein Wasser von den Hohen fiillte einen Teich und lief weiter nach Qomescha. -Diese Karawanserei mit ailem Anhang wurde genannt Myrsa kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) oder Qal'a, Burg (?). Sie war wohlgebaut und zierlich, verfiel aber schon hie und da. Hatte von Ziegeln und Lehm auf dem gemeinen Erdgrunde erbaute [From there, a half-hour walk led directly south to the caravanserai and the garden of the same founder, to which a wide, level path led. Behind the caravanserai was a tree-filled vineyard with thick avenues of white poplars. A stream from the hills filled a pond and flowed on to Qomesha. This caravanserai with all its appurtenances was called Myrsa Kuczik Kala (Mirsi Kutschek Kili (?) or Qal'a, Castle (?). It was well-built and elegant, but already showing signs of decay here and there. It had been built of bricks and clay on common soil.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Machsud carauansera « The 19. I got six leagues, to the Village of Machsud. This Village hath a Carauansera well furnished with Lodg|ings and Stables. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ Mandelslo pt. 2 p. 1 ※ SOURCE for Magfoe-begie caravanserai « Nous arrivámes fur les 11. heures au Caravanserai de Magfoe-begie, fans avoir rencontré juſques-là aucun gibier. Nous y trouvámes le long d'un petit canal des becaffines, des canards, des pigeons et desallouctes. [We arrived at the Magfoe-begie caravanserai at 11 o'clock, without having encountered any game until then. There, along a small canal, we found woodcocks, ducks, pigeons, and shelducks.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254 ※ SOURCE for Mahsud « In the morning I rode to Mahsud. ... At length came Mahsud, the usual collection of mud walls, and a solitary chapar khaneh ; —' to my delight furnished with a table and a chair, on which I write this. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 275 ※ SOURCE for Maksoubegui « Le vingt-septième, je marchai depuis quatre heures du matin jusques à dix heures par une plaine bien ensemencée, et je logeai dans un carvansera appelé Maksoubegui. [On the twenty-seventh, I walked from four o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock through a well-sown plain, and I lodged in a carvansera called Maksoubegui.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ pp. 294-5 ※ SOURCE for Maksud Beg « the village of Maksúd Beg, where we arrived about 4.30 P.M. , was a most desolate - looking spot. Here we found the Jewish minstrels who had overtaken us at Marg entertaining the muleteers and villagers with a concert in the caravansaray. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 223 ※ SOURCE for Maksudbegi « and then over a wide cultivated valley to Kishara, a walled village, with a chaparkhana in cultivated country. Maksudbegi, after which this chaparkhana is named, is a walled village-like fort, quarter of a mile further on, and close under the precipitous hills on the left of the valley. Good crops of wheat and barley are grown here, and the villages are all supplied with water by kanats, and have each a few plough-bullocks. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 187 ※ SOURCE for Marzubeki « Daar na trokken wy door een dorp, genaamd Milakoerfiek, ennamen ons verblyf tot Marzubeki in een tamelyke Karrawanfera; dog de lyf-wagt nam haar verblyf in een tent, thaande nevem de Kartawanfera. Men heeft hier goed water, en ook viích; dog die is kleyn, en grondig. [Afterward, we passed through a village called Milakoorfiek and took up residence at Marzubeki in a fairly small Karrawanfera. However, the guards stayed in a tent near the Karrawanfera. There is good water here, as well as fish; however, it is small and plentiful.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 260 ※ SOURCE for Mirza-Kut-chec « Le 5, je fis six petites lieues par le beau pays que j'ai représenté, qui est tout couvert de ruis-seaux et de villages. On en traverse un à moitié chemin, appelé Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), c'est-à-dire, petit prince, lequel durant l'été est un des agréables lieux qu'on puisse voir, et durant l'automne, celui où l'on mange les meilleurs melons. Sa principale beauté vient des jardins et des bâtimens qui y ont été faits par ce seigneur, de qui il porte le nom, qui étoit cèdre (ssedr), ou grand pontife, du temps d'A-bas - le - Grand, de qui il épousa une fille, à cause de quoi on lui donna ce nom de petit prince. Ma traite se termina à un joli village, nommé Maxud Bequi (1) du nom du ſeu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy est situé à af milles anglais de Qòmichah, suivant Freyer (pag. 298 et 299), et à près de ao milles d'Yezd-Khôst, à cinq âghatch de Qomchah, suivant Thévenot, tom. IV, pag. 419. (L-s.) [On the 5th, I traveled six short leagues through the beautiful countryside I have depicted, which is covered with streams and villages. One is crossed halfway, called Mirza-Kut-chec (Myrza Ku-tchuk), that is, Little Prince, which during the summer is one of the pleasant places one can see, and during the autumn, the one where one eats the best melons. Its principal beauty comes from the gardens and buildings built there by this lord, after whom it is named, who was a cedar (ssedr), or high priest, in the time of Abas the Great, whose daughter he married, because of which he was given the name of Little Prince. My journey ended at a pretty village, named Maxud Bequi (1) after the name of the seu fn. 1 Maqssoud Beyguy is located at af English miles from Qòmichah, according to Freyer (pages 298 and 299), and at nearly ao miles from Yezd-Khôst, at five âghatch from Qomchah, according to Thévenot, tom. IV, page 419. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 202 ※ SOURCE for Moxabeg « Moxabeg » in {map#1322 Carte de l'itinéraire de Perse fait par Herbert, avec Dodmere Cotton, ambassadeur d'Angleterre, l'an 1627 / par P. du Val, , , } « Next day, passing through De-Moxalbeg [Dih Maqsüd Begi], we got to Amno-baut [Aminābād], » #3211 ed Foster, William, Thomas Herbert, Travels in Persia (1627-1629), George Routledge and Sons, Ltd, London, 1928 ~ p. 119 ※ SOURCE for Moxutebeggy « Entering Parthia by this Mound, or heap of Earth, seemingly cast up on purpose to make this hollow Gulph, we were opposed by no other Mountains till we came to Moxutebeggy (1), though we encountred almost in every Village with old Castles made of Mud and almost turned to Earth again; fn 1 Maqsūd Begi, Maksud Beggi of Curzon's map (ii, 60), about 20 miles N. of Yezdikhast. Herbert (148) calls it De-Moxalbeg. According to Chardin, it took its name from "the late Lord Steward of Persia." "I travell'd...through a plain sow'd with store of grain, and lodg'd in an Inn called Maksonbegui” (Tavernier, 246). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ p. 234 ※ SOURCE for Muchsawbeggu « About 5 in the Evening tooke leave of Mossrs. Weldon and Foulkes, the former beingabed by reason of his fall. Peter Lillye came with me to Muchsawbeggu, where arived about 10 at night, being 4 farsangs, good way; a bad caravensaroy, may have all things for a Traveller. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 38 ※ SOURCE for Muksood Beggy « Our road over this plain lay about south-east by south, and at noon we reached the small station of Muksood Beggy. A large caravan from Shiraz, going to Ispahan, escorted by a troop of soldiers, had made their halt here, and every place of shelter was fully occupied by them. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 247 Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.819606 long 52.002947 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: dimensions correlate with Kliess VARIANT names: Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI , ※ SOURCE for Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI « Maqsud Beyk, Karavanserail VI (Abb. 287)Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, runden Ecktür-men. Die Stallungen können nur im Eingangstrakt gelegen haben, der vollständig durch den Straßenbau zerstört worden ist.Abmessungen: 46 x 45,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 32,50 x 32,50 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Gebäudes 5 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelbauweise und Verputz.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die nicht durch den Straßenbau abgerissenen Teile befinden sich in relativ gu-tem Zustand.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Maqsud Beyk, Caravanserail VI (Fig. 287)Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and round corner turrets. The stables could only have been located in the entrance wing, which was completely destroyed by road construction.Dimensions: 46 x 45.50 m external dimensions (excluding turret projections), 32.50 x 32.50 m courtyard dimensions. Building height: 5 m.Building material: Brick construction and plaster.Structural features and condition: The parts not destroyed by road construction are in relatively good condition.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 147 Marandiz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.789398 long 58.350196 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye marandiz کاروانسرای مرندیز VARIANT names: Marandiz Caravanserai , Maranjab caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.299073 long 51.812434 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Deschien caravanserai , Karavanserail Marendjab , Maranjab caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Deschien caravanserai « La sera non trovammo villa nè luogo abi-tato, chè in quel sito sterile non vi è da poter viver gente, ma solo due caravanserai, fabbricati per rifugio di chi passa, in uno de' quali (che stanno amendue insieme), alloggiamo, e il luogo lo chiamano Deschien. [In the evening we found no villa or inhabited place, since in that barren place there is no place for people to live, but only two caravanserais, built as a refuge for those passing by, in one of which (which are both together) we lodged, and the place is called Deschien.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 573 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Marendjab « Karavanserail Marendjab (Taf. 23,3.4; 24,1) (Abb. 12; 199) (110)Lage: 49 km westlich vom Karavanserail und Safaviden-schloß Sefid Ab und 61 km nordöstlich von Kashan, in +690 m ü.N.N., am Südufer des Großen Salzsees (Daryaceh-ye Namak) an einer Ost-West-Verbindung, die von Khorassan über Semnan und Lakab - Sefid Ab nach Kashan und weiter nach Esfahan oder Khuzestan führt. Außer dem Karavanse-rail sind in Marendjab eine Station und eine Festung zu er-wähnen (Abb. 199).1. Karavanserail MarendjabTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stall-Ab-teilungen, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen, Kuppel über dem Eingang und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 58,50 x 57,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 30 x 29,50 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 200), Kuppel-höhe 8,90 m. Höhe des Portalbaus 9,90 m (Abb. 201).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Wiederherstel-lungsarbeiten des verfallenen Karavanserails wurden durch die islamische Revolution 1979 unterbrochen.Inschriften (über dem Eingang): verlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 110 Die Bauten von Marendjab wurden am 26. 9. 1978 und am 18. 11. 1985 vermessen. [Marenjab Caravanserai (Plates 23.3.4; 24.1) (Figs. 12; 199) (110)Location: 49 km west of the caravanserai and Safavid castle Sefid Ab and 61 km northeast of Kashan, at an elevation of 690 m above sea level, on the southern shore of the Great Salt Lake (Daryaceh-ye Namak) on an east-west route leading from Khorasan via Semnan and Lakab-Sefid Ab to Kashan and on to Isfahan or Khuzestan. Besides the caravanserai, a station and a fortress are also worth mentioning in Marenjab (Fig. 199). ... 1. Marendjab CaravanseraiType: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two stable sections, round corner and intermediate towers, a dome over the entrance, and a projecting portal.Dimensions: 58.50 x 57.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 30 x 29.50 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 200), dome height 8.90 m. Portal height 9.90 m (Fig. 201).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: Restoration work on the dilapidated caravanserai was interrupted by the Islamic Revolution of 1979.Inscriptions (above the entrance): Lost.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn 110 The buildings of Marendjab were surveyed on 26 September 1978 and on 18 November 1985.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 102 ※ SOURCE for Maranjab caravanserai «1668-013 Maranjāb Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 17 56.89 E51 48 44.59 0.46 ha 226.33 ha» online reference link [accessed 08 Oct 2025] Margh sarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.501937 long 51.723477 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: map indicates Margh (Sarai) 2.87km due west of Kaleh Shur VARIANT names: Lalibeek , Margh sarai , ※ SOURCE for Lalibeek « from Mayaar to Lalibeek, 7 ), a rest house ' 6 | from Lalibeek to the royal city of Spahan 8) ' 4 » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ Deel 2.3 GS 83 p. 328 ※ SOURCE for Margh sarai « Margh (Sarai) » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 9 Tehran 1917} Marqash Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.273923 long 59.766595 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Marqash Caravanserai , Marwa : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Marwa , ※ SOURCE for Marwa « 2162. MARWA Original: Lat. 34º 150 N, long. 62º 550 E. Map 53. Revised: 34.25699059 N, 62.89798404 E / 34º 150 25.16612580 N, 062º 530 52.74255840 E. Herat Province. On the north bank of the Hari Rūd on the road between Herat and Obeh. Date: Ghurid, 11th cent.? (documentary). Description: Remains of a pakhsa rabāt to the north of the village measuring 5x45 m. Walls survive only to a height of 1m.Originally it had many baked bricks in its construction, but all had been robbed and reused in the modern village. Fieldwork: 1968–78 Kruglikova, Af/Sov. Mission— survey. Source: Gaibov et al. 2010: 116—brief description (SiteK162). » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 437 Mayamey caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.409172 long 55.65336 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mayamey , Mayamey caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mayamey « Abmessungen: 68 x 62m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-ge), 44 × 36 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenangaben können nicht gemacht werden, da keine Schnitte und Ansichten vorliegen. [Dimensions: 68 x 62 m external dimensions (excluding overhangs), 44 x 36 m courtyard dimensions. Elevation measurements are not available due to a lack of sections and elevations.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 115 ※ SOURCE for Mayamey caravanserai «1668-025 Mayāmey Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 24 33.07 E55 39 11.88 0.53 ha 2.39 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Mazinan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.307899 long 56.80638 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye mozinan کاروانسرای مزینان VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mazinan , Mazinan caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mazinan « Typ: Ein älteres Hofkaravanserail ist zerstört. Das bestehende Karavanserail ist eine Hofanlage mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Iwanen, zwei größeren Stall-abteilungen und Nischen an der Eingangsfront beiderseits des Portals. Der Portalbau und der Hofiwan besitzen je ein Obergeschoß.Abmessungen: 63,50 × 62,50 m Außenmaße, 35,50 x 31 m Hofabmessungen. Breite der Stallgänge 5 m. Gebäudehöhe maximal 10 m. [Type: An older courtyard caravanserai has been destroyed. The existing caravanserai is a courtyard complex with two opposing iwans, two large stable sections, and niches on the entrance facade on either side of the portal. The portal structure and the courtyard iwan each have an upper story.Dimensions: 63.50 × 62.50 m external dimensions, 35.50 × 31 m courtyard dimensions. Stable passageways 5 m wide. Maximum building height 10 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Mazinan caravanserai «1668-019 Mazinān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 18 28.36 E56 48 23.19 0.47 ha 22.21 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Mazrae'arab Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.275374 long 52.346202 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvan saraye mazraeh arab کاروان سرای مزرعه عرب VARIANT names: Mazrae'arab Caravanserai , Mazraeh Kalantar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.196335 long 54.100315 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye mazraeh kolanter کاروانسرای مزرعه کلانتر VARIANT names: Mazraeh Kalantar Caravanserai , Mehr Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.284578 long 57.143544 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye manpar کاروانسرای مهر VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mehr , Mehr Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mehr « Lage: 38 km östlich von Mazinan und 23 km westlich an der südli-chen Khorasanstraße (Teheran - Mashhad). desTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und Kuppel über dem Eingang. Ein achteckiger Wohnhof ist durch den Nordiwan mit dem großen Hof verbunden. Die Eingangsfassade ist beiderseits des Portal-baus durch Nischen mit Kaminen gegliedert.Abmessungen: 79,50 × 68,50 m Außenmaße, 43 × 39 m Hofabmessungen, Breite der Stallgänge 4.30 m, Weite des oktogonalen Wohnhofes 6,70 m. Kuppeldurchmesser über dem Eingang 7,60 m, Höhe der Kuppel 11,10 m und Höhe des Portalbaus 10,60 m (Abb. 21). [Location: 38 km east of Mazinan and 23 km west on the southern Khorasan Road (Tehran - Mashhad).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, and a dome over the entrance. An octagonal residential courtyard is connected to the main courtyard by the north iwan. The entrance façade is articulated on both sides of the portal by niches with fireplaces.Dimensions: 79.50 × 68.50 m external dimensions, 43 × 39 m courtyard dimensions, width of stable passages 4.30 m, width of octagonal residential courtyard 6.70 m. Dome diameter over the entrance 7.60 m, dome height 11.10 m and height of the portal structure 10.60 m (Fig. 21).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Mehr Caravanserai «1668-020 Mehr Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 17 4.53 E57 8 36.97 0.57 ha 67.05 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Mehriz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.594639 long 54.466169 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye manpariz کاروانسرای مهریز VARIANT names: Karavanserail Aliabad , Mehriz Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aliabad « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen und an den beiden Langseiten in den Hoffassaden nur Nischen und keine Räume.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 74,50 × 70,50 m, Hofab-messungen 58,50 × 50 m, Stallgangbreite 4 m, Höhe der Eingangsfassade 5,70 m (Abb. 93). [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, round corner towers, and niches on the courtyard facades along both long sides, with no rooms.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 74.50 × 70.50 m, courtyard dimensions 58.50 × 50 m, stable aisle width 4 m, entrance facade height 5.70 m (Fig. 93).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 Memarzadeh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.206402 long 57.674983 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: saraye memarzadehسرای معمارزاده VARIANT names: Memarzadeh Caravanserai , Meybod Caravanserai Yazd : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.227925 long 54.009194 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Meybod , Meybod caravanserai , Meybod Caravanserai Yazd , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Meybod « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen. Überwölbte Verbindung zum Abanbar (Zisterne) gegenüber dem Portal. Der Bau hat zwei Stallabteilungen und in den Hofecken vier oktogonale Räume als Zugänge zu den Stallungen. In der Mitte des Hofes ein Brunnenhaus.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 67 x 54m, Hofabmessungen 34×34 m, Stallgangbreite 5 m und Fassadenhöhe 6,70 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans. A vaulted connection leads to the abanbar (cistern) opposite the entrance. The building has two stable sections and four octagonal rooms in the corners of the courtyard, providing access to the stables. A well house is located in the center of the courtyard. Dimensions: External dimensions 67 x 54 m, courtyard dimensions 34 x 34 m, stable passage width 5 m, and facade height 6.70 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 27 ※ SOURCE for Meybod caravanserai «1668-029 Meybod Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 13 40.53 E54 0 33.1 0.67 ha 9.98 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Meybod Caravanserai Yazd online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Meybod Chapar Khaneh : place IRN (chaparkhaneh) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 32.22822 long 54.008729 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: includes Chapar Khaneh Old Post Office chaparkhaneh mibad چاپارخانه میبد VARIANT names: Meybod Chapar Khaneh , Mian Jangal caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Jangal-i-Mamui , Karavanserail Siadabad Miyan Djangal , Mamui , Mamuj , Meyanjangal , Mian Jangal , Mian Jangal caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Jangal-i-Mamui « Jangal-i-Mamui5 miles S. E. of Fasa.16 miles S. of Fasä on road to Darab.The plain, now deserted, on which stands the Mian-i-Janga! sarai, 15 miles N. W. of Fasa, or road to Shiraz. Several deserted villages on it formerly belonging to Qawami family. » #3095 Report on Fars by Captain A T Wilson, Indian Political Department, Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1916 ~ p. 162 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Siadabad Miyan Djangal « Karavanserail Siadabad Miyan Djangal (Ziadabad?) (Taf 19.4; 20,1) (Abb. 5; 171) (119)Lage: 28 km östlich von Sarvestan, 5 km westlich des Karavanserails Bidak Miyan Djangal,in + 1670 m ü.N.N., an des Straße von Shiraz nach Fasa und Darab.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und drei Stallabteilungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 45,70 x 37 m, Hofabmes-sungen 24,20 x 24 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,70 m (Abb. 172) (119)Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise gut erhalten, dient Qashqa'i-Familien als Lagerplatz.ren. Inschriften: Die Bauinschrift über dem Portal ist verlo-Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 119 Das Karavanserail wurde am 16.3.1980 vermessen. [Caravanserail Siadabad Miyan Djangal (Ziadabad?) (Taf 19.4; 20.1) (Fig. 5; 171) (119)Location: 28 km east of Sarvestan, 5 km west of the Bidak Miyan Djangal caravanserail, at an elevation of 1670 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Fasa and Darab.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and three stable sections.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 45.70 x 37 m, courtyard dimensions 24.20 x 24 m, building height 4.70 m (Fig. 172) (119)Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Partially well preserved, used as a campsite by Qashqai families.Inscriptions: The building inscription above the portal is lost.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn 119 The caravanserail was surveyed on March 16, 1980.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 96 ※ SOURCE for Mamui « La sera fatta già notte, partii da quel caravanserai Mamui, conducendo meco il Portoghese, e seguitai il mio viaggio. [When the evening was already dark, I left from that Mamui caravanserai, taking the Portuguese with me, and continued my journey.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ pt. 2 p. 361 ※ SOURCE for Mamuj « Fatta già notte scura, ricaricammo di nuovo, e'l sabbato a tre ore e forse più di giorno, avendo camminato più di sei leghe, ci ſermammo a riposare in un caravanserai disabitato e fabbricato in luogo de- serto, che lo chiamano Mamuj. [Once night had already fallen, we reloaded again, and on Saturday at three hours and perhaps more during the day, having walked more than six leagues, we stopped to rest in an uninhabited caravanserai built in a deserted place, which they call Mamuj.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ pt. 2 p. 356 ※ SOURCE for Meyanjangal « Meyanjangal » in {map#1192 in #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ fig. Map showing road from Shiraz to Jashk sheet 1} « After crossing the stream, for 4 miles the road passed through a semi-sort of jungle of the above trees until reaching ?? Meyan-Jangal. This is but a ruined caravanserai in the middle??of the plain, as its name indicates. A Tofangchi tower has been built out of the débris. Facing what was the doorway of the caravanserai, about 20 yards away, is an Imam-Zadeh. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 4 ※ SOURCE for Mian Jangal « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 ※ SOURCE for Mian Jangal caravanserai « After crossing the stream, for 4 miles the road passed through a semi-sort of jungle of the above trees until reaching Meyan-Jangal. This is but a ruined caravanserai in the middle of the plain, as its name indicates. A Tofangchi tower has been built out of the débris. Facing what was the doorway of the caravanserai, about 20 yards away, is an Imám-Zádeh. » #3120 John Richard Preece, Notes of a journey made between Shiraz and Jashk, via Fassa, Darab, Bandar Abbas, and Minab, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1884 ~ p. 4 « From Tachu the road runs over stony undulating ground under the steep slope of the Küh-i-Kharman, which is situated about 14 to 2 miles distant. A dry water-course runs to the E., parallel to the road and about a mile S. of it. At 150 miles the road crosses this water-course. At 20½ miles a ruined village lies close to the S. of the road; near it is a small pond filled by a qanat.. The remainder of the route lies over a stony undulating plain dotted over with small bushes. Mian Jangal, at 25 miles, is a small caravanserai. Water. Good supply from a stream miles W-of the caravanserai. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 161 « Mian Jangal (1) lat. 29° 8' N.; long. 53° 25' E.; elev. 5,710'.A ruined caravanserai in the Sarvistān district of Fars, and 16¼ miles from Sarvistän village on the road to Fasa. Out of the debris of the caravanserai a tufangchi tower has been built, and, facing what used to be the doorway, at 20 yards distance, is an imāmzadeh.-(Abbott-Preece, 1884.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 L-Z p. 725 « The heat during the day was now becoming oppressive to man and beast, but I determined to wait for broad daylight before going on. Halfway to Sarvistan is a ruined caravanserai named Mian Jangal and here a halt might be made, if the cattle seemed unable to get through the whole stage of twenty-seven miles. Here also I hoped to find some one to take a message to the Kashkais, who, I was sure from experience would not knowingly touch my property. Accordingly, after getting a few matchlock-men from the village as a guard against minor pilferers, we started off our miscellaneous caravan of horses, asses, mules and camels, and rode on in front to Mian Jangal as an advanced guard. The caravanserai so swarmed with fleas and gad-flies that to stay there would have been misery to man and beast and the donkeys coming up pretty fast, we made a push for Sarvistan. » #3187 Eastern Persia : an account of the journeys of the Persian boundary commission, 1870-71-72, Macmillan and Co., London, 1876 ~ vol. 1 p. 109-10 « Mian Jangal lat. 29 7 long. 53 3015 miles W. of Fasa; good sarai: Imāmz. Isma'il close by: a little cultivation: it is half way between. Fasa and Sarvistān: Basiri (Sarvgari) tribesmen cultivate a little land near by. » #3095 Report on Fars by Captain A T Wilson, Indian Political Department, Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1916 ~ p. 163 Miankatel Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravansera Kotel , Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal I , Miankatel Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera Kotel « In about two hours we came to a caravansera, which forms a station for the passengers on this road ; and our fatigue would have induced us to halt here, but that there was at present neither water nor food for us or our horses, and it was therefore necessary to proceed. This station is called simply Caravansera Kotel, and is estimated to be only four fursucks from Dusht-urgeon ; but if this be correct, the distance must be measured in a straight line, as in actual surface we thought it at least six. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 319-320 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal I « Karavanserail Miankotal/Miyankotal (Taf. 4; 5,1) (Abb. 5; 48) (39)Lage: Miankotal (Zwischen den Pässen) liegt zwi-schen dem Paß des Mädchens (Kotal-e Dukhtar) und dem >>>Paß der Alten Frau (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), unterhalb der Paßhöhe (+2160 m ü. N. N.) des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km südwestlich vom Paß entfernt und etwa 12 km östlich vom Karavanserail Kotal-e Dukhtar, am alten, heute aufgegebe-nen und kaum noch befahrbaren Karawanenweg von Bus-hehr nach Shiraz (Abb. 6) in + 1600 m ü. N. N., also 560 m unterhalb der Paßhöhe des Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Seit der Verle-gung der Straße ist auch das Dorf Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Abb. 48, Hausruinen) aufgegeben.Typ: Es handelt sich um zwei Karavanserails, die im Abstand von 5 m nebeneinander stehen. Beide Gebäude ent-sprechen dem Hoftyp.Großes Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen, 3 Stallabteilungen, einer Terrasse an der Südecke, vorgezogenem Portalbau und rückwärtiger Hofanlage (Abb. 49).Kleines Karavanserail: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen und rückwärtigem Anbau (Taf. 5,2.3) (Abb. 50).Abmessungen: Großer Bau: Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge 63 x 54 m, Hofabmessungen 38 x 30 m (Abb. 49). Höhe des Portalbaus 6,80 m (Abb. 51). An der Südecke ist unter Ausnutzung der Hanglage ein Untergeschoß, vom Portalbau aus zugänglich, als Stallung eingerichtet (Abb. 52).Kleiner Bau: Außenmaße ohne Anbau 38 × 34,50 m, Hofabmessungen 21 x 20 m (Abb. 50) und 4,90 m rekonstru-ierte Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 53).Baumaterial: Beide Bauten sind in Bruchsteinmauer-werk errichtet, die Hoffassaden und der Portalbau des großen Karavanserails sind mit sauber geschnittenem Quader-mauerwerk verkleidet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das kleine Ka-ravanserail ist sehr stark zerstört, das große Karavanserail durch Erdbeben erheblich beschädigt und teilweise einge-stürzt.Inschriften: von beiden Bauten nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der kleine Bau kann als Vorgänger des grö-Beren Karavanserails angesehen werden. Der große Bau ist in qadjarischer Zeit, im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet worden.Im Bereich des kleinen Karavanserails wurden Bruch-stücke von Hufeisen und dunkelgraubraune, unglasierte Ke-ramik (Abb. 54) gefunden.fn 39 Das große Karavanserail wurde am 5. 12. 1988 und das kleine Kara-vanserail am 9. 3. 1990 vermessen. [Miankotal/Miyankotal Caravanserai (Plate 4; 5.1) (Figs. 5; 48) (39)Location: Miankotal (Between the Passes) lies between the Girl's Pass (Kotal-e Dukhtar) and the Old Woman's Pass (Kotal-e Pir-e Zan), below the summit (+2160 m a.s.l.) of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan, 6 km southwest of the pass and about 12 km east of the Kotal-e Dukhtar Caravanserai, on the old, now abandoned and barely passable caravan route from Bushehr to Shiraz (Fig. 6) at +1600 m a.s.l., i.e., 560 m below the summit of Kotal-e Pir-e Zan. Since the road was rerouted, the village of Miankotal (Miyankotal) (Fig. 48, ruins of houses) has also been abandoned.Type: These are two caravanserails, standing 5 m apart. Both buildings are of the courtyard type.Large Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, three stable compartments, a terrace at the south corner, a projecting gatehouse, and a rear courtyard (Fig. 49).Small Caravanserail: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a rear extension (Plate 5.2.3) (Fig. 50).Dimensions: Large building: External dimensions without projections 63 x 54 m, courtyard dimensions 38 x 30 m (Fig. 49).Height of the gatehouse 6.80 m (Fig. 51). At the southern corner, taking advantage of the slope, a basement level, accessible from the gatehouse, was constructed as a stable (Fig. 52).Smaller building: External dimensions without extensions 38 × 34.50 m, courtyard dimensions 21 × 20 m (Fig. 50), and a reconstructed facade height of 4.90 m (Fig. 53).Building material: Both buildings are constructed of rubble masonry; the courtyard facades and the gatehouse of the larger caravanserail are faced with neatly cut ashlar masonry.Structural features and condition: The smaller caravanserail is heavily damaged, while the larger caravanserail was significantly damaged by earthquakes and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known from either building.Dating: The smaller building can be considered the predecessor of the larger caravanserail. The large structure was built during the Qajar period, in the 19th century.Fragments of horseshoes and dark gray-brown, unglazed ceramics (Fig. 54) were found in the area of ??the small caravanserail.fn 39 The large caravanserail was surveyed on December 5, 1988, and the small caravanserail on March 9, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 32 ※ SOURCE for Miankatel Caravanserai « Miankatel Caravanserai is one of the buildings of the Safavid era in Kazeroon. This caravanserai is the only stone caravanserai in Iran [1] and it is located in Baram plain. This caravanserai was built by the order of Shah Abbas Safavi, and for this reason it is also called Shah Abbasi Caravanserai. The total area of this large building, which has a rectangular plan, is about 3500 square meters, of which 2500 square meters are the basement of the cells around the central courtyard. The main feature of this caravanserai .is its special facade and walls, which are entirely made of a stone called Malon (marl) » online reference link [accessed 24 May 2024] Mir Daud : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.08208163 long 62.2170422 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Mir Daud , ※ SOURCE for Mir Daud « 724. MIR DAUD Or CHAHAR BAGH. Original: Lat. 34º 05’ N, long. 62º 13’ E. Map 52. Revised:34.08208163N,62.2170422E/34º04’55.49387556N, 62º 13’ 01.35190956 E. Herat Province. 30.5 km south of this city, along the route to Shindand, five sites spread out on either side of the road. Date: Islamic period (A) (ceramic). Description: (A) Near the the rocky ridge of the Band-i Badak, in the place called Hauz-i Mir Daūd, to the west of the road, a small tumulus strewn with fragments of fired bricks and glazed Islamic pottery. Visible to the west, on the other side of a small stream, the ruins of a qal’a. (B) West of the road, a caravanserai constructed in bricks, partially ruined; on the other side of the road, ruins of a qal’a water point. (C) East of the road, ruins of a qal’a of the same type as the preceding ones. (D) East of the road, half-collapsed caravanserai, next to ruins of three qal’a and a little shapeless tumulus. (E) East of the road, tepe occupied by a cemetery (near an abandoned brick kiln). (F) There would be ancient copper and lead mines in the region. Collection: National Museum/AIA—sherds. Fieldwork: 1. 1885 Peacocke, ABC—reconnaissance. 2. 1952 Gardin and Le Berre, DAFA—survey. Sources: 1. Le Berre, unpublished 1952 report, DAFA archives, tépés Herat-Shindand 1 to 5. 2. Lal 1846: 169—mention. 3. Peacocke 1887a: 212–13, 216—mentions brick ruins and traces of former fields and irrigation. 4. Gazetteer 1975: III. 298—brief description. 5. N. Dupree 1977: 270—mention and brief history. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 256 Mirdadi Saray : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.184867 long 63.150885 Supplement: The NIMA/GNS data is 32.1833333, 63.15,Mirdadi Saray,PPL the same as 32.1833333, 63.15,Mir Dadi,PPL. The caravanserai is 187m at heading of 26° from this location and the coordinates have been amended accordingly. VARIANT names: Mergis , Mirdadi Saray , ※ SOURCE for Mergis « On the 10th, we arrived in Mergis and found a small castle, but a neighborhood rich in all necessities » #3506 Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz, Lebens- und Todes-Geschichte, worinnen das Tagebuch seiner Reise von Constantinopel aus durch die Bulgarey, Armenien, Persien und Indien ans Licht gestellet von dessen Sohne Heinrich von Poser und Gross-Nedlitz. (Hrsg. von B. Gerlach.), 1675 ~ p. 68 Mirisah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Marishe , Merisah , Meriseh , Mirisah , میریسه , VARIANT names: Mirisah , Mirsa Seri , ※ SOURCE for Mirsa Seri « Not far from the Muzaffari karavansaray, at the foot of the mountains, was another one called that of Mirsa Seri, »#1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 76 Mirza el-Reza : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 32.502074 long 51.723273 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: based on description by Siroux. VARIANT names: Karawanserei Mirsa Ali Resa , Karrawaanſera Mirzah Screſa , Mierza elrafa , Mirza el-Reza , Miſeralifa , ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Mirsa Ali Resa « sind wir noch 4 Stunden weitergereist bis zur Karawanserei Mirså 'Ali Reså, 4 Meilen. Wir reisten allzeit links in Krümmungen durch kiesiges Land, so, wie der Lauf des Flusses Sjenderut (Sijändä-rud) ... Wir ritten 2 Farsach von der Stadt durch das Dorf Usgewin, welches zumeist mit verstreuten Häusern zur Rechten liegenblieb. Von hier durch vollkommen ebenes, zuerst bestelltes, dann salziges Land zu der genannten Karawanserei, die von dem Stifter Mirså 'Ali Reså den Namen führt. Dieses Stifters Sohn, des Königs Sdrwestersohn, begegnete uns mit einigen anderen vor dem Dorfe. ... Diese Karawanserei war schlecht von Lehm erbaut, das Waser war brack und kein Holz zu bekommen. Sie war rechter Hand unweit des Schach Ku (Shihkuh) gelegen, der nach der Mitte der Ebene hinter Tach Sefa (Tacht-e Soffä) anfängt und sich bis hierhin niedersenkt. Den Verlauf habe ich aus dem Garten Kuli paduha, aus dem wir um 1 Uhr mittags abgereist, gepeilt nach der Spitze des Berges Urczini, welche man Kula kasi (Kuh-e Kolih-Qisi, Berg der Mütze des Kadis") nennt, gegen S+O. Von dieser Karawanserei aber war Kula kasi über Urczini SSO und die Gebirgslücke, die wir morgen passieren, gegen S von hier ¾Farsach. [We traveled for another four hours to the Mirså 'Ali Reså caravanserai, four miles away. We always traveled on the left, winding through gravelly land, following the course of the Sjenderut River (Sijändä-rud)... We rode two farsach from the city through the village of Usgewin, which mostly remained to our right with its scattered houses. From there, we continued through perfectly flat land, first cultivated, then salty, to the aforementioned caravanserai, named after its founder, Mirså 'Ali Reså. This founder's son, the king's son-in-law, met us with several others before the village. ... This caravanserai was poorly built of clay, the water was brackish, and no wood was available. It was located on the right-hand side, not far from the Schach Ku (Shihkuh), which begins in the middle of the plain behind Tach Sefa (Tacht-e Soffä) and descends to this point. I sighted its course from the Kuli paduha garden, from which we departed at 1 p.m., towards the summit of Mount Urczini, which is called Kula kasi (Kuh-e Kolih-Qisi, "Mountain of the Cap of the Kadis"), in a south-east direction. From this caravanserai, however, Kula kasi was south-southeast via Urczini and the mountain pass we will cross tomorrow, three-quarters of the way south from here.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher Engelbert Kaempfers, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 85 ※ SOURCE for Karrawaanſera Mirzah Screſa « Den 3. dito quam zyn Ed:, een uur na zons opgang, in de vervallene Karrawaanſera Mirzah Screſa, alwaar de Heeren Caftelein en Bakker van zyn Ed: hun affcheid namen, en weder na Spahan vertrokken. [On the 3rd, his Ed: arrived, an hour after sunrise, at the dilapidated Karrawaanſera Mirzah Screſa, where the gentlemen Caftelein and Bakker of his Ed: took leave and departed again for Spahan.] » #3145 Valentijn, François, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indiën, J. van Braam, Dordrecht, 1724 ~ p. 275 ※ SOURCE for Mierza elrafa « et arrivâmes à deux heures et demic au Caravanferai de Mierza elrafa, et une heure après à une maifon où l'on paye une partie des droits qu'on exige des marchandises qu'on tranſporte. [and we arrived at two-thirty at the Caravanserai of Mierza elrafa, and an hour later at a house where one pays part of the duties which are required on the goods which are transported.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 254 ※ SOURCE for Mirza el-Reza « Après ce petit col, la piste jusqu'à Qomichåh suit le bord d'une vallée passablement rongée par le sel; on y voyait autrefois le caravansérail safavide de Mirzá el-Rezá, transformé en ferme, à 2 km. de la voie moderne. [After this small pass, the track to Qomichåh follows the edge of a valley quite eroded by salt; the Safavid caravanserai of Mirzá el-Rezá, transformed into a farm, was once located there, 2 km from the modern road.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 32 « Sur la route d'Ispahan à Chiraz, les caravansérails de Deh-bid, d'Amir-abád et de Khán-e-Khurra, tous les trois octogonaux, montrent de quelle ingénieuse façon les bâtisseurs éliminèrent ce défaut.Beaucoup plus vastes que Tchâhár-åbåd, ces monuments profitent de cours spacieuses. Les huit façades égales sont donc plus développées. Celles correspondant aux axes principaux comprennent chacune un grand ciwan, deux chambres et deux entrées d'écuries (sauf celle faisant suite au portail, où le grand eïwan est remplacé par le passage cocher). Sur les quatre autres façades donnent seulement des pièces de séjour. Les angles morts sont à Deh-bid (démoli, mais dont Texier a relevé les plans) résorbés par une alcôve circulaire dont bénéficie la dernière chambre. A Amin-åbåd ce sont de petits dépôts angulaires, d'accès extérieurs presque invisibles (ila sont sous les eiwans des dernières chambres) qui occupent l'espace perdu.A Khan-e-Khurra (où l'on ne peut toujours pas pénétrer) la solution est probablement l'une des deux précédentes.Ces trois monuments montrent la subtilité des constructeurs qui résolurent les difficultés nombreuses, imposées par le choix du tracé octogonal. Celui-ci, pensons-nous maintenant comme autrefois, ne fut pas uniquement déterminé par fantaisie la région a toujours été plus ou moins suivant la force du Gouvernement de l'époque, zone de pillage pour les turbulentes tribus voisines. Il est plus aisé d'assurer la défense de bâtiments denses, flanqués de tours bien placées comme c'est le cas ici, que de vastes quadrilatères ornementés d'excroissances décoratives. On notera à Amin-Abåd, les petits corps de garde, desservant intérieurement chaque tour d'angle (1),Ce dernier édifice a été vu par le chevalier de Mendeslo en 1639; il fut donc construit sous Chah Abbas I ou Safi I". Plus probablement sous le premier roi, à en juger par le portail, fort semblable à celui de Yezd-i-Khåst. Les deux autres monuments lui sont contemporains et sans doute du même maltre d'œuvre.Ce type de plan octogonal, à notre connaissance, ne se rencontre pas et ne nous a pas été signalé ailleurs.fn (1) Le caravansérail de Mirza-el-Rezâ, quelques kilomètres avant Máhyår, (en venant d'Ispahan - à 2 km. à gauche) est également polygonal. [On the road from Isfahan to Shiraz, the octagonal caravanserais of Deh-bid, Amir-abad, and Khan-e-Khurra demonstrate the ingenious way in which the builders eliminated this drawback.Much larger than Chahar-abad, these monuments benefit from spacious courtyards. Their eight equal façades are therefore more elaborate. Those corresponding to the main axes each include a large eiwan, two rooms, and two stable entrances (except for the one following the gate, where the large eiwan is replaced by the carriage entrance). The other four façades only feature living quarters. At Deh-bid (demolished, but whose plans were recorded by Texier), the blind corners are filled by a circular alcove that also serves the last room. At Amin-åbåd, small angular storage areas with almost invisible exterior access points (they are located beneath the eiwans of the last chambers) occupy the wasted space.At Khan-e-Khurra (which remains inaccessible), the solution is probably one of the two previous ones.These three monuments demonstrate the ingenuity of the builders who resolved the numerous difficulties imposed by the choice of the octagonal layout. This layout, we now believe, as it was in the past, was not determined solely by whim; the region has always been, more or less depending on the strength of the government at the time, a raiding zone for the turbulent neighboring tribes. It is easier to ensure the defense of dense buildings, flanked by well-placed towers as is the case here, than of vast quadrilaterals adorned with decorative protrusions. Note the small guardhouses at Amin-Abåd, providing internal access to each corner tower (1).This latter building was seen by the Chevalier de Mendeslo in 1639; it was therefore built under Shah Abbas I or Safi I. More likely under the first king, judging by the portal, which is very similar to that of Yezd-i-Khåst. The other two monuments are contemporary with it and probably of the same builder.This type of octagonal plan, to our knowledge, is not found and has not been reported to us elsewhere.(1) The caravanserai of Mirza-el-Rezâ, a few kilometers before Máhyår (coming from Isfahan – 2 km to the left), is also polygonal.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 183 ※ SOURCE for Miſeralifa « Ook paſſeerden wy. 't dorp Miſeralifa, alwaar men mede een goede Karrawanfera heeft, dog 't dorp zelf is kleen. Wy reden over een zeer gevaarlyken klippigen berg, genaamd Cotali Ortlini, en namen ons verblyf tot Majaart, dat een tamelyk groot dorp, en redelyk bebouwt is. [We also passed the village of Miſeralifa, which has a good Karrawanfera, though the village itself is small. We rode over a very dangerous, rocky mountain, called Cotali Ortlini, and took up residence at Majaart, which is a fairly large village and reasonably well-developed.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 259 Mirza Kazem Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.8000157339478 long 48.5159294309209 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Mirza Kazem Caravanserai , Miyandasht Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.428048 long 56.06051 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye miandesht کاروانسرای میاندشت VARIANT names: Karavanserail Miyandasht II , Meandusht caravanserai , Miandasht caravanserai , Miyandasht Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Miyandasht II « Abmessungen: 95 x 89 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-ge), 57 × 53,50 m Hofabmessungen, 4,30 m Stallbreiten, 8,20 m Kuppeldurchmesser und Höhe des Kuppelscheitels über dem Eingang 9,60 m (ohne Laterne) (Abb. 220 und 221).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Karavanserail II mit dem südwestlichen Flügel mit einzigem Eingang am Hof 1 ist an Karavanserail I (Südostturm) angebaut. Karavanserail II befindet sich in relativ gutem Zustand.Inschriften: Teile einer großen Bauinschrift - bestehend aus Kartuschen auf Steinplatten (es fehlt eine Platte) - sind über dem Eingang erhalten.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert, jünger als Karavanserail I [Dimensions: 95 x 89 m external dimensions (excluding overhangs), 57 x 53.50 m courtyard dimensions, 4.30 m stable width, 8.20 m dome diameter, and 9.60 m height of the dome apex above the entrance (excluding lantern) (Figs. 220 and 221).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Caravanserail II, with its southwest wing and single entrance in Courtyard 1, is attached to Caravanserail I (southeast tower). Caravanserail II is in relatively good condition.Inscriptions: Fragments of a large building inscription—consisting of cartouches on stone slabs (one slab is missing)—are preserved above the entrance.Dating: Safavid, 17th century, later than Caravanserail I.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 117 ※ SOURCE for Meandusht caravanserai « Passing through these hills occupies rather more than 3 hours; the road then enters an extensive barren plain. At a distance of about 14 hours from the hills is the caravanserai of Meandusht; water brackish, caravanserai (1) partially in ruins; the water is obtained from a reservoir just outside the serai. This place must be some 500 feet higher than the plain of Meyo-meed. Supplies scanty. fn 1 Close on the left of the seraiis a small walled village, square, and bastions at angles. It contains about sixty dwellings. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 41 ※ SOURCE for Miandasht caravanserai «1668-027 Miāndasht Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 25 41.27 E56 3 38.08 2.44 ha 197.84 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Mogh Ahmad : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3075307 coordinate: lat 27.154027 long 55.878265 NIMA/GNS names: Mogh Ahmad , Mogh Ahmad-e Pa'in , Mugh Ahmad , مغ احمد , مغ احمد پائین , VARIANT names: Mogh Ahmad , Mugh Ahmad , ※ SOURCE for Mugh Ahmad « Mugh Ahmad » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} [map shows (Good water from well) and sarai 1km NNW. PBR] MohammadAbad ShahAbbasi Carvansaray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.02161 long 50.06936 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi mahmad abad کاروانسرای شاه عباسی محمد آباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mohammadabad , MohammadAbad ShahAbbasi Carvansaray , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mohammadabad « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vier abge-grenzten Stallungen, sowie einem kuppelgekrönten Vorbau und durch Nischen flankierten Portal.Abmessungen: Außenmaße mit Vorbau 80 x 66 m, Hof-maße 50 x 41,30 m. Stallbreite 4,40 m, Mauerstärke 0,90 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four separate stables, as well as a domed porch and a portal flanked by niches.Dimensions: External dimensions including porch 80 x 66 m, courtyard dimensions 50 x 41.30 m. Stable width 4.40 m, wall thickness 0.90 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 65 Mohammadabad Stone Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.840104 long 51.146885 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sangi mahmadabad کاروانسرای سنگی محمدآباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi bei Kadj , Mohammadabad Stone Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi bei Kadj « Karavanserail Qal'eh Sangi bei Kadj (Taf. 20,2-21,3) (Abb. 3 und 112), nordöstlich von QomLage: Das Karavanserail und die Burg (Qal'eh Geli) lie-gen 13 km nordöstlich des Karavanserails Pol-e Dellak, Weg von Qom über Daihr nach Varamin. amTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Hofum-gang, vorgezogenem Portalbau und einfach ummauertem Vorhof mit 3 Zugängen, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen.Abmessungen: 129 × 91 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 61 × 61 m Hofabmessungen, 86,50 x 35,50 m Weite des Vorhofes, 9 m Höhe der Hof-Iwane und 12,50 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 113).Baumaterial: Bruchstein und gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Karavanserail und Vorhof dürften in einer Bauperiode entstanden sein.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Das Karavanserail ist frühislamisch bis vor-Safavidisch, mit safavidischem Portalanbau. [Caravanserai Qal'eh Sangi near Kaj (Plates 20.2–21.3) (Figs. 3 and 112), northeast of QomLocation: The caravanserai and the fort (Qal'eh Geli) are located 13 km northeast of the Pol-e Dellak caravanserai, on the road from Qom via Daihr to Varamin.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and a covered walkway, a projecting gatehouse, and a simply walled forecourt with three entrances, round corner and intermediate towers.Dimensions: 129 × 91 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 61 × 61 m courtyard dimensions, 86.50 × 35.50 m width of the forecourt, 9 m height of the courtyard iwans, and 12.50 m height of the gatehouse (Fig. 113).Building materials: Rubble stone and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The caravanserai and forecourt likely originated in a single construction period.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The caravanserai dates from the early Islamic to pre-Safavid period, with a Safavid portal addition.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 71 Mokhtarzadeh Caravanserai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.3405099468329 long 62.1892888001167 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Mokhtarzadeh Caravanserai , Mokshur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.507129 long 57.475424 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Mokshur Caravanserai , Moshajari caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.447095 long 54.09122 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Mashaddjarreh , Moshajari caravanserai , Musa Jari sarai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mashaddjarreh « Karavanserail Mashaddjarreh (Mashhad Djarreh) (Abb. 12; 248) (132)Lage: 30-35 km nordöstlich von Anarak (die moderne Straße plus Zufahrtsweg ergibt eine Entfernung von 78 km) und etwa 30 km westlich vom Karavanserail Abbasabad Cu-panan (Chupanan) (direkter Weg), in +940 m ü.N.N., am Weg von Esfahan über Na'in und Anarak nach Khorassan. Um das Karavanserail gruppieren sich 3 Zisternen (Abb. 248).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und vier räum-lich begrenzten Stallabteilungen. Keine Türme, kein Vor-sprung des Portalbaus. fn 132 Mashhaddjarreh wurde am 9. 4. 1982 vermessen. [Caravanserail Mashaddjarreh (Mashhad Djarreh) (Figs. 12; 248) (132)Location: 30–35 km northeast of Anarak (the modern road plus access road results in a distance of 78 km) and approximately 30 km west of the Abbasabad Cu-panan (Chupanan) caravanserail (direct route), at an elevation of 940 m above sea level, on the road from Isfahan via Na'in and Anarak to Khorasan. Three cisterns are grouped around the caravanserail (Fig. 248).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans and four spatially defined stable compartments. No towers, no projecting entrance.fn 132 Mashhaddjarreh was surveyed on April 9, 1982.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 127 ※ SOURCE for Musa Jari sarai « Musa Jari sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-40M Farukhi} Motamed caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Motamed caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Motamed caravanserai Persian text: کاروانسرای معتمد مربوط به سده?های متاخر دوران?های تاریخی پس از اسلام است و در شهرستان لارستان، بخش مرکزی، شهر قدیم لار، خیابان مدرس جنوبی، محله زینبیه، ابتدای کوی گاله واقع شده و این اثر در تاریخ ۱۸ شهریور ۱۳۸۷ با شمارهٔ ثبت ۲۳۳۶۶ به?عنوان یکی از آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است.[۱] [The Motamed caravanserai is related to the late centuries of the post-Islamic historical era and is located in Larestan city, central part, old city of Lar, South Modares street, Zainbiyeh neighborhood, the beginning of Koi Galeh, and this work is dated 18 September 2007 with registration number 23366 as one of It has been registered as one of Iran's national works.] online reference link [accessed 25 Feb 2024] Mozaffari : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Mozaffari , Muzaffari , مظفری , VARIANT names: Mozaffari , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Mozaffari FOR Moyechaw [], Mozaffari Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Mozaffari Caravanserai کاروانسرای مظفری VARIANT names: Karavanserail (Madresseh) Madar-e Suleiman (Soleyman) (Pasargadae) , Mestzid Carawansera , Mozaffari Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail (Madresseh) Madar-e Suleiman (Soleyman) (Pasargadae) « Lage: 150 m nördlich des Kyros-Grabes, das in der er-sten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts in ein islamisches Heiligtum (Madar-e Suleiman) umgewandelt wurde, im Gebiet der achaemenidischen Ruinen von Pasargadae, in +1900 m ü. N. N., an der mittelalterlichen Karawanenstraße von Esfa-han nach Shiraz, die durch die Schlucht (Tang-e Bulaghi) südlich von Madar-e Suleiman führte, jedoch wohl nicht im Verlauf des achaemenidischen Felsenkanals in dieser Schlucht, sondern bei günstigerem Wasserstand entlang dem Pulvar-Flußbett (83). ... Der Grundriß kann sowohl eine Madresseh in Verbin-dung mit dem Heiligtum (Kyros-Grab), als auch ein Kara-vanserail darstellen. Wahrscheinlich ist der Bau, zumindest im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert, als Straßenstation benutzt wor-den. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 45,20 × 40,30 m, Hofabmes-sungen 18,50 × 16,50 m. fn. 82 AMI 12, 1979, 284 f. fn. 83 AMI 24, 1991, 27 ff. [Location: 150 m north of the tomb of Cyrus, which was converted into an Islamic sanctuary (Madar-e Suleiman) in the first half of the 13th century, in the area of ??the Achaemenid ruins of Pasargadae, at 1900 m above sea level, on the medieval caravan route from Esfahan to Shiraz, which led through the gorge (Tang-e Bulaghi) south of Madar-e Suleiman. However, probably not along the course of the Achaemenid rock canal in this gorge, but rather, at more favorable water levels, along the Pulvar riverbed (83). ... The ground plan could represent either a madreh connected to the sanctuary (Cyrus' tomb) or a caravanserai. The building was probably used as a roadside station, at least in the 18th and 19th centuries. Dimensions: External dimensions 45.20 × 40.30 m, courtyard dimensions 18.50 × 16.50 m. fn. 82 AMI 12, 1979, 284 ff. fn. 83 AMI 24, 1991, 27 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 68 ※ SOURCE for Mestzid Carawansera « On the 28 we set forward on our Journey and came to a fair Vil|lage called Mestzid, where we had a very commodious Carawansera, and stay'd there that night. The said Carawansera was nothing inferior to that we had the night before, aswell in respect of Conveniency as ornament, having much variety of Carved work, as Foliage, Fru|cturage, etc. after the Persian manner: the Walls also were covered with a neat sort of white glazed Tiles. Near to this Place is the Sepulchre and Tomb of the Mother of Schach Solyman, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331 Mukhharabad (ruins) Car: ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 33.067876 long 48.025169 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: building has round tower at eastern corner VARIANT names: Mukhharabad (ruins) Car: ? , POSSIBLE LOCATION of Mukhharabad (ruins) Car: ? AT Mishvand lat 33.0678 long 48.025022 [PBR], ※ SOURCE for Mukhharabad (ruins) Car: ? « Mukhharabad (ruins) Car: ? » in {map#1213 India and adjacent countries 1:1,000,000, Persia, Surveyor General of India, 1936, University of Wisconsin fig. Sheet No. 9 Tehran 1917} « MUKHBARABAD LAT. 33° 5' N.; LONG. 480° 7' E.; ELEV. 3,713.A halting place in the Mishvand valley in Luristán, 16 miles south of NasirAbad, on the road from Kurramabad to Dizfül. There is a telegraph station here. Also a post-house. (Schindler.) A valley formerly called Mishvand; here there is a building, comprising caravanserai and telegraph office, which was deserted. A good stream of water runs close by; the country is open and offers every inducement for cultivation. (Report of a Journey through the Bakhtiari country to Shustar.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 p. 755 Murcheh Khort caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Murcehkhort , Michiacour , Mourchekhort caravanserai , Mourtcheh-Khort , Murchakar , Murcheh Khort caravanserai , Murcheh Khurt , Rubat (Guardhouse) of Murchah Khurd , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Murcehkhort « Karavanserail Murcehkhort (Morcheh Khort/Murt-chehkhort) (Taf. 12,1) (Abb. 12; 90) (65)Lage: Im Ortsbereich von Murcehkhort, 60 km nord-westlich von Esfahan (Zentrum), in +1630 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Qazvin und Esfahan - Kashan. Das Kara-vanserail liegt nördlich der großen, siebentürmigen Dorfbe-festigung von Murcehkhort (Abb. 90).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei durchge-henden Stall-Abteilungen, schweren Halbrundtürmen an den Ecken, kleinen Halbrundtürmen im Norden und im Süden, Kuppel über dem Eingang und vorgezogenem Portalbau. Abmessungen: 67,50 x 66,50 m. Außenmaße, 38,40 x 37,70 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 91), Kuppelhöhe 9 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 8,30 m (Abb. 92).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/4,5 cm) auf stein-verkleidetem Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Flache Nischen-gliederung an der Eingangsfront beiderseits des Portalbaus. Das Gebäude ist partiell beschädigt und wird wirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.fn 65 Das Karavanserail wurde am 25. 9. 1989 vermessen. [Murcehkhort Caravanserai (Morcheh Khort/Murt-chehkhort) (Plate 12.1) (Figs. 12; 90) (65)Location: In the village of Murcehkhort, 60 km northwest of Esfahan (city center), at an elevation of 1630 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Qazvin and Esfahan-Kashan roads. The caravanserai lies north of the large, seven-towered village fortification of Murcehkhort (Fig. 90).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, two continuous stable sections, heavy semicircular towers at the corners, small semicircular towers to the north and south, a dome over the entrance, and a projecting portal.Dimensions: 67.50 x 66.50 m (exterior dimensions), 38.40 x 37.70 m (courtyard dimensions, Fig. 91), dome height 9 m, portal height 8.30 m (Fig. 92).Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/4.5 cm) on a stone-clad plinth.Structural features and condition: Shallow niches on the entrance façade on both sides of the portal. The building is partially damaged and is used for commercial purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.fn 65 The caravanserai was surveyed on September 25, 1989.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 48 ※ SOURCE for Michiacour « et le fecond qui eft à moi tié chemin de Corou à Iſpahan ſe nomme Michiacour. Ce n'eſt pas un feul Carvanfera, mais il y en a pluſieurs qui font la meilleure partie d'un gros village. [And the second one, which is halfway from Corou to Isfahan, is called Michiacour. It is not a single Carvanfera, but there are several that make up the best part of a large village.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 73 ※ SOURCE for Mourchekhort caravanserai EAMENA-0182054 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Mourtcheh-Khort « Une piste directe que recommande Mustawfi, joignait cette oasis (souvent asséchée) à Mourtcheh-Khort. A quelque 10 km. au Sud de Kola-roûd en effet des ruines de terre indiquent un petit enclos caravanier situé sur ce chemin. [A direct route recommended by Mustawfi connected this oasis (often dried up) to Murcheh-Khort. Some 10 km south of Kola-rûd, in fact, earthen ruins indicate a small caravan enclosure located on this route.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 20 ※ SOURCE for Murchakar « Not wishing to travel all night, I decided to occupy the rather squalid chajpar khaneh at Murchakar, after a journey of something like forty miles, and my notes respecting the start from this miserable little place the next morning give some idea of the material circumstances of travelling by carriage in Persia. » #3069 Crawshay-Williams, Eliot, Across Persia, Edward Arnold, London, 1907 ~ p. 291 ※ SOURCE for Murcheh Khurt « Murcheh Khurt is a large village with a good deal of cultivation about it, a mosque or more, a hammam, a chapar khana, and a caravanserai. Here again I found that the smart foreign soldier attracted all the notice, and that before the people ceased to wonder at him I had passed them. The chapar khana was full of men, so I have had to sink to the level of a recessed den with a manger in front in a ruinous caravanserai crowded with Persian travellers, muleteers, mules, horses, and asses, and the courtyard half-choked with ruins. » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 239 ※ SOURCE for Rubat (Guardhouse) of Murchah Khurd « thence it is 6 leagues to the Rubat (Guardhouse) of Mürchah Khürd, » #1764 ed. Le Strange, G., The geographical part of the Nuzhat-al-qulub composed by Hamd-Alla¯h Mustawfi¯ of Qazwi¯n in 740 (1340), E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1919 ~ p. 175 Murghab Station : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.428791 long 55.360542 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Murghab Station , ※ SOURCE for Murghab Station « Die Station Murghan zwischen Shahrud und Mayamey (Taf.34,2) (Abb. 7 und 201) (93)Lage: 27 km östlich von Bedasht und 29 km westlich von Mayamey, in + 1260 m ü. N.Ν.Typ: 1. Robat-Reste als Hofanlage mit Mittelbau2. Stationsgebäude: Hofanlage mit vier Ecktürmen und einem Torturm mit versetztem Eingang. Zisternenanbau im Westen der Station (Abb. 203).Abmessungen: 1. Robat-Reste (Wallanlage): 85 × 85 mAußenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), Zentralgebäude 30 × 30 , die Wälle sind rund 2,50 m hoch erhalten (Abb. 202).2. Stationsgebäude (Abb. 203): 33 × 31 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), 19 x 17,30 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Torturms 8 m.Baumaterial: Die Station ist aus Lehmpackungen und Lehmziegeln erbaut, die Wallanlage des Robats wahrschein-lich entsprechend.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Beide Anlagen sind nur noch als Ruinen erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Die Wallanlage dürfte in die vor- bis frühis-amisette Zeit Finalßreichen, die Station im 19. Jahrhundert erbant seinfn93 Die Reste der Station wurden am 10. 4. 1981 vermessen. AMI 15, 1982, 2791. [The Murghan Station between Shahrud and Mayamey (Plate 34.2) (Figs. 7 and 201) (93)Location: 27 km east of Bedasht and 29 km west of Mayamey, at an elevation of 1260 m above sea level.Type: 1. Robat remains as a courtyard complex with a central building2. Station buildings: Courtyard complex with four corner towers and a gate tower with an offset entrance. Cistern extension to the west of the station (Fig. 203).Dimensions: 1. Robat remains (rampart): 85 × 85 mExternal dimensions (excluding tower projections), central building 30 × 30 m, the ramparts are preserved to a height of approximately 2.50 m (Fig. 202). 2. Station building (Fig. 203): 33 × 31 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 19 x 17.30 m courtyard dimensions, gate tower height 8 m.Building material: The station is constructed of clay infill and mud bricks; the rampart of the Robat (fortified manor) was likely built of the same material.Structural features and condition: Both structures survive only as ruins.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: The rampart likely dates to the pre- or early Imitation period, the station to the 19th century.The remains of the station were surveyed on April 10, 1981. AMI 15, 1982, 2791.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 111 Muzar Caravanserai (square) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.259583 long 53.822962 Supplement: 70m east of Karavanserail Muzar (octagonal) VARIANT names: Caravansera , Manjir , Manjir-i Kuchik (Mensir Kieschik) , Maufer , Mauser , Moeſoer , Mofetis , Moffir , Momzir , Mou-ʃeer , Mouezere , Mouhser , Mourer , Mousar , Mouzar , Mowueseer , Murall , Musar , Muzar , Muzar Caravanserai (square) , ※ SOURCE for Caravansera « The ninth, having travell'd three Leagues, I came to a Caravansera, where I found horse|meat. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 4 ※ SOURCE for Manjir see source « Momzir » above « den 15. Dez. Vom Tsjai Talg bis Manjir 3 Farsach, von Manjir bis Karawanserei und Deb Domba 4 Farsach, Summa 7 Farsach. [December 15th. From Tsjai Talg to Manjir 3 Farsach, from Manjir to Caravanserai and Deb Domba 4 Farsach, Summa 7 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 116 ※ SOURCE for Manjir-i Kuchik (Mensir Kieschik) see source « Momzir » above ※ SOURCE for Maufer « Di buon'ora il Lunedi 27. ripigliammo il cammino e paſſate appena 5. miglia di pianura, cominciammo a falire e fcendere per precipitevoli montagne, per lo ſpazio di 20, miglia, fino al Karvanferà di Ciartalk. [Early on Monday the 27th we resumed our journey and having passed just 5 miles across the plain, we began to tread and descend steep mountains, for the space of 20 miles, up to the Karvanferà of Ciartalk.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p.268 ※ SOURCE for Mauser « We took shelter in a caravanserai called Mauser, where the jurisdiction of Shiraz begins.(22) It is located near a stream and some palms that produce dates. Since it is not a town, and there are no other houses, some men stay there who sell bread of the kind described, rice, meat, hens, and every other thing for people and animals to eat. I saw that they give animals flour with water to refresh them. At night those people close the doors ofnthe caravanserai for greater security. (22) fn. 22. I have not been able to identify the presentday name of Bembo's "Deadumbae." "Mauser" may be Mansurabad. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 295 ※ SOURCE for Moeſoer « . Ontrent 10 uuren voor de middag quamen wy tot Moeſoer, en namen ons verblyf in tenten Moefoer. by een beek, of rievier, daar een kofte- lyke plantagic van Dadels, Limoenen, Orangien, en andere vrugt-boomen ftond. [About 10 o'clock before noon we arrived at Mufur and took up our abode in Mufur tents. by a brook, or river, there was a large plantation of dates, limes, oranges, and other fruit trees.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 264 ※ SOURCE for Mofetis « Den 24. dito vertrok zyn Ed;: gelyk bevorens des nachts, en quam, na uuren rydens aan de Karrawanſera Mofetis. [On the 24th his Ed departed as before at night, and arrived, after hours' riding, at the Karrawanſera Mofetis.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 ※ SOURCE for Moffir « Den 26. dito quam zyn Ed:, na 4 mylen over den berg Hoſſenni gevoeteerd te hebben, in de Karrawaanſera Moffir. [On the 26th his Ed:, after having walked four miles over the mountain Hoſſenni, arrived in the Karrawaanſera Moffir.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 ※ SOURCE for Momzir « a very ſtony Plain about half an hour after Nine we came to a fair Kervanferay, ſtanding alone by it ſelſ, and called Momzir, having a great ſquare Bafon before the Gate, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 120 « then onwards through a stony plain, one arrived at a fair karavansaray, called Manjir, in front of which was a basin that was filled by a stream. Because there was no-one to sell food or fodder Thevenot did not stay there.(95) Kaempfer called it Manjir-i Kuchik (Mensir Kieschik), and states that it had a large garden and cistern. (96) Otherwise, it was a sober karavansaray, standing isolated, but with many fruit trees (dates, lemons and oranges) and many other kinds of fruit. There were no victuals for sale here; in 1702 its karavansaray was, though small, new.(97) fn. 95 Thevenot, vol. II, p. 129 (Momzir); Tavernier, p. 316 (Mouezere).fn. 96 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 116; Fryer, vol. II, p. 200, an eight cornered karavansaray (Mousar); Hedges, p. 206 (Mowueseer), with an old ruinous karavansaray and sorry water.fn. 97 Valentijn, p. 264 (Moesoer, Mossir; Mosetis). In 1651 there were some rähdārs who usually had some supplies for sale to travellers. Speelman, pp. 62-3 (Masuer); Winninx, 13 November (Mouser); Chardin, vol. VIII, p. 470 (Mouhser); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 315 (Mouseer). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p.77 ※ SOURCE for Mou-ʃeer « Etant arrivez fur les 8. heures au Caravanserai de Mou-ʃeer, nous y trouvames un carme, qui venoit de Gamron, [Having arrived at the Caravanserai of Mou-ʃeer around 8 o'clock, we found a Carmelite there, who came from Gamron,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 315 ※ SOURCE for Mouezere « A une grande lieue au-delà on trouve un fort beau carvansera nommé Moüezeré au milieu d'un agréable bocage où il y a de bonne eau de source, mais comme on n'y trouve point de vivres, on pousse jusqu'à Detadombé, bon village situé dans une plaine. [A large league beyond we find a very beautiful carvansera called Moüezeré in the middle of a pleasant bocage where there is good spring water, but as we find no food there, we push on as far as Detadombé, good village located on a plain.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 316 ※ SOURCE for Mouhser « A la moitié de la descente, on trouve un grand bassin de pierre, couvert de grands arbres, dans lequel coule une eau de roche claire et excellente, et que le couvert conserve fraiche en tout temps. Le gite est un caravanserai grand et beau, nommé Mouliser (1), devant lequel coule aussi un ruis- seau sous des arbres de diverses espèces, orangers, grenadiers, dattiers et autres. J'y demeurai le reste du jour et le suivant, à faire reposer mes chevaux et mes gens, qui étoient tous fort fati- gués des traites précédentes. fn. 1 Thévenot écrit mounzir (peut-être faut-il lire moussyr), et place ce kiravanseray à quatre åghâtch du précédent. (L-s.) [Halfway down the descent, we find a large stone basin, covered with large trees, into which clear and excellent rock water flows, and which the cover keeps fresh at all times. The cottage is a large and beautiful caravanserai, named Mouliser (1), in front of which also flows a stream under trees of various species, orange trees, pomegranate trees, date palms and others. I remained there the rest of the day and the next, resting my horses and my people, who were all very tired from the previous milkings. fn. 1 Thévenot writes mounzir (perhaps we should read moussyr), and places this kiravanseray four åghâtch from the previous one. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 pp. 469-470 ※ SOURCE for Mourer « 16 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Mousar « Mousar » in {map#1209 Persia., Martin, R.M.,Tallis, J. and F., 1851, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 0466.036 fig. } « Mousar » in {map#1208 , Dower, John, Higgins, W.M., 1832, David Rumsey Map Collection list no: 0247.088} see source « Momzir » above « From Bonaru to Mousar (1), another Eight-square Caravan, are Fifteen Miles, fine, plain, and easy way; near the Caravan Ser Raw was a pleasant Garden, the utmost extent of the Caun of Lhor's Dominions on this Road. fn. 1 This is apparently the place which Tavernier (252) calls Mouezeré, "in the midst of a pleasant Grove, where there is an excellent spring of water"; or the Mowuseer of Hedges (Diary, i, 206), who calls it, "an old ruinous Caravan-Sarai, and sorry water." Fryer seems here to have confused his distances, which are not easily reconcileable with the maps. He may have halted at Mansūrābād, instead of at the neighbouring and more important town of Juwun. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 200 ※ SOURCE for Mouzar(Arch. Site) « Mouzar » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Mowueseer « August 17. We rose from Bocktearee and travelled this night to Mowueseer, an old, ruinous Caravan-Sarai; and sorry Water.August 18.-We rose from Mowueseer and lodged at Chatalkee, a spacious Caravan-Sarai, with plenty of good fresh water and provisions. »#3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 206 ※ SOURCE for Murall « Att 4 sett out the 26th for Bonaroo, 10 farsangs; the first 2 farsangs bad war. Went over a small mountain; at the bottom a fine small spring of good water where supped and went 2 farsangs more to Murall, pretty good way. Arrived 8 at night; lay there in small but good caravensaroy till about 1 in the morning, then sett out for Bonaroo, and farsangs more; good way. Bonaroo, indeferent caravensaroy, but large village, lyes at the foot of severall mountains meeting togather. note: Diary of 26 February 1707/8. Murall seems to be an error for Musall, the Momzer of Thévenot (Pt. II, 129), which had " a fair Karvanseray, standing alone by itself." It is the Monsar of Fryer (II, 200) which Crooke thinks perhaps may represent Mansûrâbâd (ibid, n. 1). Le Bruyn, who was at the place in 1706 (II, 135), calls it Mousel. Rennell's map has Momzir. The name is not found on the modern maps: it lay somewhere close to Jûwûn. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 42 and 48 ※ SOURCE for Musar(Arch. Site) « Musar » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars} ※ SOURCE for Muzar « Das Karavanserail Muzar, das nach Orta Rebelo um 1605 erbaut worden sein dürfte (32), wird als oktogonales Gebäude beschrieben, welches im Auftrag eines „Cambarabeque, Gouverneur von Laar" errichtet wurde. Hedges sah es 1685 in Ruinen liegend (33), Gemelli-Carreri 1694 (34) und LeBrun 1705 (35) beschreiben es als wieder neu erbaut. fn. 32 Nicolao de Orta Rebelo, Relation de Voyage. In: J. v. Serrao, Un voyageur portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle (1972) 111. fn. 33 Hedges30 206.fn. 34 Gemelli-Carreri17, Giro del Mondo, II. Persia, Nea- pel (1699-1704) 270.fn. 35 LeBrun8 316. [The Muzar caravanserai, which according to Orta Rebelo was probably built around 1605 (32), is described as an octagonal building, which was built on the orders of a "Cambarabeque, governor of Laar". Hedges saw it in ruins in 1685 (33), Gemelli-Carreri 1694 (34) and LeBrun 1705 (35) describe it as newly built. fn. 32 Nicolao de Orta Rebelo, Relation de Voyage. In: J. v. Serrao, Un voyageur portugais en Perse au début du XVIIe siècle (1972) 111. fn. 33 Hedges30 206. fn. 34 Gemelli-Carreri17, Giro del Mondo, II. Persia, Naples (1699-1704) 270.fn. 35 LeBrun8 316.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lae-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ pp. 294-5 Nasirabad Car: ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 33.185256 long 48.135586 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: possible location, unable to verify location VARIANT names: Nasirabad Car: ? , ※ SOURCE for Nasirabad Car: ? « NASIRABAD (3) -LAT. 33° 14' N.; LONG. 48° 12' E.; ELEV. 400' (2)A post house and telegraph station in Luristán, 38 miles from Khurram-åbåd on the road to Dizfül, which is 107 miles distant, also known as Maleh (kab?) Nasir. Here there is a caravanserai. Thermometer at 3 P.M. in April 83°. Barometer 25-75°. - (Report of a Journey through the Bakhtiari Country to Shushtar.) » #2878 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III., Government of India Press, Simla, 1924, ~ vol. 3 pt. 2 p. 770 Natanz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.517054 long 51.906179 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Natanz , Kohab Caravanserai , Natanz Caravanserai , Natens Caravanserai , Natens Carawansera , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Natanz « Karavanserail Na?anz (Taf. 21,3) (Abb. 12; 173) (100)Lage: Am Ortsrand (Zentrum) von Natanz, in +1750 mü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden, angesetzten Ecktürmen und vorgezogenemPortalbau.Abmessungen: 67,50 x 58,70 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 37 x 28,90 m Hofabmessungen, Portalbauhöhe 10,70 m, Höhe des Aufbaus über dem Eingang 12,10 m (Abb. 174). Im Obergeschoß ist ein langrechteckiger Raum von 7,90 x 2,90 m Größe angeordnet (Abb. 175).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist par-tiell verfallen, wird aber landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften (über dem Eingang): zerstört.Datierung: Safavidisch, Anfang 17. Jahrhundert.fn 100 Siroux, Caravanserails ... 69 ff. - Vermessung der Schnitte, Ansicht der Front und Korrektur der Eckvermessung am 29. 11. 1984. [Na?anz Caravanserai (Plate 21.3) (Figs. 12; 173) (100)Location: On the outskirts (center) of Natanz, at +1750 mabove sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, round, attached corner towers, and a projectinggateway.Dimensions: 67.50 x 58.70 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 37 x 28.90 m courtyard dimensions, gateway height 10.70 m, height of the structure above the entrance 12.10 m (Fig. 174). The upper floor contains a long rectangular room measuring 7.90 x 2.90 m (Fig. 175).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is partially derelict but is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions (above the entrance): destroyed.Dating: Safavid, early 17th century.fn 100 Siroux, Caravanserails ... 69 ff. - Survey of the sections, view of the front, and correction of the corner survey on November 29, 1984. ] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 93 ※ SOURCE for Kohab Caravanserai « The Kohab Caravanserai or Kohab Rabat or Natanz Caravanserai or Kohab Castle is a Safavid-era caravanserai located on Shahid Beheshti Boulevard in Natanz, and was registered as a national monument of Iran on 10 January 1355 with registration number 1489. This four-porch caravanserai has a front porch and a porch with a stone inscription in the Thuluth script, part of which has been destroyed. The building is made of brick, rubble stone, and half-pounded plaster mortar. The Kohab Caravanserai was built during the reign of Shah Abbas I by Mirabul-Maali Barzroudi, one of the close emirs and the king's scribe. » «Kohab Caravanserai, Natanz» online reference link [accessed 07 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Natens Caravanserai « In the Evening, we continu'd our Journey, and travell'd that night six Leagues or better, through Deserts and Barren grounds, and came, the 28. about four in the morning, to a little City, called by the Inhabitants of the Country Natens, and by Contarini, in his Travels, Nethas. We took up our lodging in a Caravansera, within the City, which is handsome enough, furnish'd with several Springs of fresh water, and well stor'd with all sorts of Fruits. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 196 ※ SOURCE for Natens Carawansera « On the 14th. we had very bad travailing way thrô dry and sand Ground, and found no Villages nor Towns to refresh our selvs an till we came at Natens which is a very pleasant little City. Here we set down and took up our Carawansera for that night. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 312 Nau Gumbaz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Now Gombad , Now Gonbad , نو گمبد , نو گنبد , VARIANT names: Charbashee , little village , Nao Gumbaz , Nau Gumbad , Nau Gumbaz , Naw-Gunbuz , Nu-Gumbaz , Orrinkca (?) , ※ SOURCE for Charbashee « 26th June. Moved west and west by south, over the desert. At twenty-seven miles, the village of Charbashee. There is a small Suraé here; the water bad, but forage cheap. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 422 ※ SOURCE for little village « The 14. day we went but 4. forsongs to a little village. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Nao Gumbaz « Nao Gumbaz » in {map#1341 in #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.) 3:9:513-46 ~ fig. Map of Khorasan and neighbouring countries} ※ SOURCE for Nau Gumbaz « night when we set out on our nine-farsakh march to Naugumbaz. This is sheer desert, and used to be dangerous. A glance at the map will show a great break in the Siyah Kuh hills opposite Agda. Through this break, under the mountain called Siyah Kuh par excellence, Biluchi marauders used to swoop down upon the exposed portion of the Yazd-Isfahan road between Agda and Nain. Naugumbaz fort and caravansarai are midway, and caravans arriving safely there were accustomed to look towards Siyah Kuh for guidance as to their further movements. » #3078 Stack, Edward, Six months in Persia, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, London, 1982 ~ vol. 2 p. 8 ※ SOURCE for Naw-Gunbuz « we started by bright moonlight, and reached the desolate post-house of Naw-Gunbuz (whence a road leads to Isfahan) half an hour before sunrise on 1st September (nine parasangs). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 547 ※ SOURCE for Nu-Gumbaz « Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chapar-khanah at Nu-Gumbaz — a dreary and desolate place. I » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404 « afternoon for an hour's rest and a cup of tea at the temporary camp they had set up, some miles south of Nu-Gumbaz. Darkness was falling and a storm approaching when I reached the chāpār-khānah at Nu-Gumbaz - a dreary and desolate place. » #3178 Jackson, A. V. Williams, Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906 ~ p. 404 ※ SOURCE for Orrinkca (?) « The 13. day we went 6. or 7. forsongs to a Towne called Orrinkca, a lodging Towne. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 New Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.985593 long 51.44972 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye no کاروانسرای نو VARIANT names: Karavanserail im Bazar von Kashan , New Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail im Bazar von Kashan « Karavanserail im Bazar von Kashan (Abb. 12; 138) (86)Lage: Im Bazar der Stadt.Typ: Oktogonales Karavanserail in 2 Geschossen, davonStallungen und Hof in die Erde eingetieft mit direktem Zu-gang zur Bazarstraße.Abmessungen: 35 x 32 m Außenmaße, unterer Hof 15 X15 m, Gesamthöhe 8 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Unbekannt. Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, Ende 19. Jahr-hundert.fn 86 Siroux, Caravansérails... 119. [Caravanserail in the Kashan Bazaar (Figs. 12; 138) (86)Location: In the city bazaar.Type: Octagonal caravanserail with two stories, includingstables and a courtyard sunken into the ground with direct access to the bazaar street.Dimensions: 35 x 32 m external dimensions, lower courtyard 15 x15 m, total height 8 m.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: Unknown. Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, late 19th century.fn 86 Siroux, Caravansérails... 119.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 74-75 Ney Bid caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207505 , Karavanserail Ney Bid , Ney Bid caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207505 EAMENA-0207505 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Ney Bid « fn 83 Karavanserail Ney Bid ist von der Gendarmerie besetzt und konnte am 24. 11. 1983 und am 28. 2. 1984 nicht vermessen werden. [fn 83 The Ney Bid caravanserail is occupied by the gendarmerie and could not be surveyed on November 24, 1983, and February 28, 1984.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 103 Neyestanak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.971137 long 52.799307 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Neyestanak , Neyestanak caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Neyestanak « Lage: 32 km nordwestlich von Na'in und 40 km südöstlich vom Karavanserail Djow Kandeh, in +1980 mü.N.N., an der Straße von Kashan über Ardestan und Na'in nach Yazd.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, drei Stallabteilungen, einem Wohnhof, später hinzugefügten, runden Eck-türmen und Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 68,50 x 65m Außenmaße, 36,40 x 36,40 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Kuppel 8,30 m und Portalhöhe 6,20 m (Abb. 229). [Location: 32 km northwest of Na'in and 40 km southeast of the Djow Kandeh Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1980 m above sea level, on the road from Kashan via Ardestan and Na'in to Yazd. Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, three stable sections, a residential courtyard, later added round corner towers, and a dome over the entrance. Dimensions: 68.50 x 65 m external dimensions, 36.40 x 36.40 m courtyard dimensions, dome height 8.30 m, and portal height 6.20 m (Fig. 229).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 116 ※ SOURCE for Neyestanak caravanserai «1668-042 Neyestānak Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 58 16.34 E52 47 57.71 0.48 ha 25.39 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] « EAMENA-0231521 Neyestanak » Neygenan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.30242 long 57.352103 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat nignan رباط نیگنان VARIANT names: Karavanserail Nignan , Neygenan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Nignan « Karavanserail Nignan (Abb. 5) (112)Lage: 30 km nördlich Asfak (Esfark), etwa 48 km südwestlich von Qasem Abad, am Weg von Tabas nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Nicht besucht und nicht vermessen.fn 112 Karavanserail Nignan wurde von Bewohnern in Asfak erwähnt. [Nignan Caravanserai (Fig. 5) (112)Location: 30 km north of Asfak (Esfark), about 48 km southwest of Qasem Abad, on the road from Tabas to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Not visited and not surveyed.fn 112 Nignan Caravanserai was mentioned by residents of Asfak.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 72 Nikpey Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.851353 long 48.178072 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Digbe caravanserai , Karavanserail Nikpey , Níkh-beg , Nikpey Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Digbe caravanserai « De Sartcham on vient à une riviere qu'on coſtoye fort long-temps, aprés quoy on trouve un Carvanſera nommé Digbé allez prés d'un grand village: L'édifice en est beau, et les fondemens font de pierre de taille rouge et blanche fort dure et ondée. [From Sartcham we come to a river which we follow for a very long time, after which we find a Carvanſera named Digbé near a large village: The building is beautiful, and the foundations are made of very hard and wavy red and white dressed stone.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 65 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Nikpey « Karavanserail Nikpey (Taf. 9,1) (Abb. 4 und 104) (78)Lage: 38km nordwestlich von Zandjan, an der StraßeTabriz - Zandjan - Qazvin, in + 1480 m ü. N.N.78 M. Siroux 75f. Das Karavanserail wurde am 4. 10. 1979 vermessen [Nikpey Caravanserail (Plate 9.1) (Figs. 4 and 104) (78)Location: 38 km northwest of Zanjan, on the roadTabriz - Zanjan - Qazvin, at 1480 m above sea level78 M. Siroux 75f. The caravanserail was surveyed on October 4, 1979.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 64-5 ※ SOURCE for Níkh-beg « About 3 P.M. we reached the village of Níkh-beg, where we halted. It is a squalid-looking place, devoid of trees, and only remarkable for a very fine old caravansaray of the Safaví period, which bears an inscription over the gateway to the effect that it was repaired by order of Shah Safí, who alighted here on his return from the successful siege of the fortress of Erivan. While copying this inscription, we were surprised and pleased to perceive the approach of Mr. Whipple, the American missionary, who was posting from Tabríz to Hamadan to visit his fellow- workers there. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 72 Nishabur Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.19723 long 58.8015 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: external dimensions approximately 68x68m and courtyard 40x40m. these are slightly larger than those given by Kleiss. karvansaraye shabbasi nishabor کاروانسرای شاه?عباسی نیشابور VARIANT names: Karavanserail Neyshabur , Nishabur Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Neyshabur « Karavanserail Neyshabur (Abb. 5 und 34) (27)Lage: Das Gebiet der alten Stadt liegt östlich des modernen Neyshabur, es umfaßte im 15. Jahrhundert ein Gebiet von 3,5 × 3 km. Eine Ruine südlich der Ark könnte ein Karavanserail sein. In der „Neustadt", in der 3 Karavan-serails überliefert sind, ist eines am östlichen innerstädti-schen Rundplatz erhalten (Neyshabur ist seit einigen Jahren von einer Umgehungsstraße umgeben) (Abb. 35). Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vierseitig umlaufendem Stall. Der Portalbau ist vorgezogen, über den Eingangsraum ist eine Kuppel gewölbt (Abb. 36).Abmessungen: 55,60×55m Außenmaße, 33,60x 31,50 m Hofabmessungen, Stallgangbreite 3,10 m, Kuppel-durchmesser 4,10 m².Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird staatlich genutzt, nicht betretbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn 27 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 535 f. [Caravanserail Neyshabur (Figs. 5 and 34) (27)Location: The area of ??the old city lies east of modern Neyshabur and in the 15th century encompassed an area of ??3.5 × 3 km. A ruin south of the Ark could be a caravanserail. In the "new city," where three caravanserails are documented, one is preserved at the eastern inner-city circular square (Neyshabur has been surrounded by a bypass for some years now) (Fig. 35).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and a stable surrounding all four sides. The portal building projects forward, and a dome arches over the entrance hall (Fig. 36).[Further details follow: The old city lies east of modern Neyshabur and in the 15th century it encompassed an area of ??3.5 × 3 km.] Dimensions: 55.60 x 55 m (external dimensions), 33.60 x 31.50 m (courtyard dimensions), stable aisle width 3.10 m, dome diameter 4.10 m².Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used by the state, not open to the public.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid.fn 27 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 535 f.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 33 Nizam al-Dawla Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.027624 long 59.505197 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye nezam oddoleh کاروانسرای نظام الدوله VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sharif Abad (older) , karvanseraye nezam oddoleh , Nizam al-Dawla Caravanserai , Nizam-ud-Dauleh caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sharif Abad (older) « Karavanserail Sharif Abad (Sharifabad) (Taf. 14,4 und 15,1) (Abb. 5) (34)Lage: 3 km nordöstlich von Robat Takht-e Langar, als dessen Nachfolgebau Sharif Abad gesehen werden kanniglichen Bauwerks (links) und des jüngeren Umbaus (rechts)und mit dem es durch eine 5 m breite, gepflasterte Straße -wahrscheinlich safavidischen Ursprungs- verbunden ist. Sharif Abad liegt etwa 17 km südwestlich von Robat-e Khakestar, in +1400 m ü. N.N., an der südlichen Straße von Neyshabur nach Mashhad und an der Straße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen.Abmessungen: Unbekannt. Der Bau ist nicht vermessen.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. fn 34 Sharifabad wurde am 17. 10. 1994 besucht. [Sharif Abad Caravanserail (Sharifabad) (Plates 14.4 and 15.1) (Fig. 5) (34)Location: 3 km northeast of Robat Takht-e Langar, which can be seen as the successor to Sharif Abad.The original structure (left) and the later reconstruction (right)and to which it is connected by a 5 m wide paved road—probably of Safavid origin. Sharif Abad is located about 17 km southwest of Robat-e Khakestar, at an elevation of 1400 m above sea level, on the southern road from Neyshabur to Mashhad and on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans.Dimensions: Unknown. The structure has not been surveyed.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved and used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 34 Sharifabad was visited on October 17, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 36 ※ SOURCE for Nizam-ud-Dauleh caravanserai « The other caravanserai, built by Husain Khan, Nizam-ud-Dauleh, a former Governor General of Khoräsän, measures 55 by 55 yards, has 6 towers, 22 rooms, two private courts and good stabling. » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 673 Nogonbad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.682353 long 53.323493 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Nogonbad Caravanserai کاروانسرای نوگنبد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Now Gonbad , Nogonbad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Now Gonbad « Karawanenhaltepunkt Now Gonbad (Taf. 1,1-4) (Abb. 4; 9)Lage: 30 km südöstlich von Na'in, an der Grenze der Provinzen Esfahan und Yazd, 20 km nordwestlich des in eine frühislamische Station (Lehmreste in Tepe-Form) hineingesetzten Abanbar (Zisterne) und 25 km nordwest-lich des Karavanserails Cah Now (Chahnow), sowie 40 km nordwestlich von Aqda, in + 1230 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Na'in nach Yazd. Am Ort sind zum Teil als Ruine erhalten: Ein safavidisches Karavanserail, eine qadjarische Station (Caparkhaneh) neben Ruinen eines größeren Anbaus, ein wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisches Robat (nur noch in Resten erhalten), ein Wachtturm, eine große qadja-rische Festung und in 1 km Entfernung ein großer Abanbar (Zisterne). Der Quellteich von Now Gonbad liefert unge-nießbares Ab-e Shur (Abb. 9).Das safavidische Karavanserail:Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, Kuppeln über den Stallecken und über dem Eingang, sowie runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 52 X 50,50 m, Hofabmessungen 31 x 31 m (Abb. 10), Hoffassa-denhöhe 6,20 m, Höhe der Kuppel über dem Eingang 7,90 m, Höhe der Außenfassade 7,20 m (Abb. 11).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5,5 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Heute abseits der Asphalt-straße.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch. [Caravan stop Now Gonbad (Plate 1.1-4) (Figs. 4; 9)Location: 30 km southeast of Na'in, on the border of the provinces of Isfahan and Yazd, 20 km northwest of the Abanbar (cistern) built into an early Islamic station (clay remains in the form of a tepe), and 25 km northwest of the Cah Now (Chahnow) caravanserail, as well as 40 km northwest of Aqda, at an elevation of 1230 m above sea level, on the road from Na'in to Yazd. The following structures are preserved, some as ruins, at the site: a Safavid caravanserai, a Qajar station (Caparkhaneh) next to the ruins of a larger extension, a probably pre-Safavid robat (only remnants remain), a watchtower, a large Qajar fortress, and, 1 km away, a large abanbar (cistern). The spring-fed pond at Now Gonbad yields undrinkable Ab-e Shur (Fig. 9).The Safavid caravanserai:Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, four stable sections, domes over the stable corners and the entrance, and round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 52 x 50.50 m, courtyard dimensions 31 x 31 m (Fig. 10), courtyard facade height 6.20 m, height of the dome above the entrance 7.90 m, height of the exterior facade 7.20 m (Fig. 11).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5.5 cm). Architectural features and condition: Well-preserved and used for agricultural purposes. Currently located off the paved road.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 16 Nosrat Abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.880212 long 59.975379 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Nosrat Abad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Nosrat Abad Caravanserai « EAMENA-0182033 » Noushirvan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Ahouvan Anoushiravan Caravanserai , Anushirvani s. Robat Anushirvani , Noushirvan caravanserai , Robat Anushirvani (Ahuan) , Robat Anushirvani in Ahuan , ※ SOURCE for Anushirvani s. Robat Anushirvani « Anushirvani s. Robat Anushirvani » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 112 ※ SOURCE for Noushirvan caravanserai «1668-002 Noushirvān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N35 46 14.63 E53 43 56.54 0.64 ha 99.79 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Robat Anushirvani (Ahuan) « Robat Anushirvani (Ahuan) » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 117 ※ SOURCE for Robat Anushirvani in Ahuan « Robat Anushirvani in Ahuan (Taf. 30,4 und 31,1-31.3) (Abb. 7 und 171) (82)Lage: 40 km nordöstlich von Semnan und 78 km süd-westlich von Damghan stehen unter der Ortsbezeichnung Ahuan das Robat Anushirvani und das Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in + 1860 m ü. N.N. Außerdem eine tepeartig verfal-lene Lehmziegelruine und ein Gebäuderest von 35 x 35 m Ausdehnung. Das Caykhaneh ist modern.Typ: Robat Anushirvani hat die Form eines Hofkara-vanserails mit vier Iwanen, umlaufendem Hofumgang. Es hat kreuzförmige Eckraumausbildungen, keine spezifischen Stallungen und Rundtürme auf den Außenfronten in regel-mäßigen Abständen. Der Portalbau ist in einer jüngeren Bau-phase vorgesetzt.Abmessungen: 75 × 73 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-ge), 38 x 35 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 172) und 10,40 m re-konstruierte Portal-Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 173).Baumaterial: Bruchstein, in den Gewölben gebrannte Ziegel (24/24/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die ursprüngli-che Fassade wies nur einen einfachen, hohen und engen Durchgang (Abb. 173, oben) auf. In einer jüngeren Bauphase wurde das architektonisch gestattete Portal davorgesetzt (Abb. 173, unten). Die Anlage, an der Eingangsfront 1993 partiell restauriert (Abb. 174), befindet sich im übrigen in sehr ruinösem Zustand.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau dürfte in frühislamischer Zeit erbaut sein.fn 82 Robat Anushirvani und Karavanserail Shah Abbasi in Ahuan wurden im Grundriß am 29. 10. 1976 vermessen, ebenfalls in Schnitt und An-sicht das Karavanserail. Die rekonstruierten Eingangsfronten beider Bauphasen des Robat Anushirvani wurden am17.10.1994 aufgenom men. [Robat Anushirvani in Ahuan (Plates 30.4 and 31.1-31.3) (Figs. 7 and 171) (82)Location: 40 km northeast of Semnan and 78 km southwest of Damghan, the Robat Anushirvani and the Shah Abbasi Caravanserail are located at an elevation of 1860 m above sea level in the area known as Ahuan. Also present are a dilapidated mud-brick ruin resembling a tepe and a building remnant measuring 35 x 35 m. The Caykhaneh (gate) is modern.Type: Robat Anushirvani is a courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and a surrounding courtyard. It features cruciform corner rooms, no specific stables, and round towers at regular intervals along the exterior facades. The portal structure was added in a later construction phase.Dimensions: 75 × 73 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 38 × 35 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 172), and a reconstructed portal facade height of 10.40 m (Fig. 173).Building material: Rubble stone, bricks (24/24/5 cm) in the vaults.Structural features and condition: The original facade had only a simple, high, and narrow passageway (Fig. 173, top). In a later construction phase, the architecturally permissible portal was added (Fig. 173, bottom). The complex, partially restored at the entrance facade in 1993 (Fig. 174), is otherwise in a very dilapidated state.Inscriptions: are unknown.Dating: The building was likely constructed in the early Islamic period.The ground plan of Robat Anushirvani and the Shah Abbasi Caravanserail in Ahuan was surveyed on October 29, 1976, as were the sections and elevations of the caravanserail. The reconstructed entrance facades of both construction phases of Robat Anushirvani were photographed on October 17, 1994.Send feedback] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 96 Now Gonbad Caparkhaneh : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.682719 long 53.323306 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Now Gonbad Caparkhaneh , ※ SOURCE for Now Gonbad Caparkhaneh « Das Stationsgebäude (Caparkhaneh):Typ: Hofanlage mit drei Flügeln, vier Stallräumen und vier runden Ecktürmen, sowie vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 25,50 × 24 m, Hofabmessungen 19,30 × 13,90 m, Höhe des Portal-baus 7,70 m (Abb. 12).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: Eine Inschriftennische ohne Tafel befindet sich über dem Portal.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [The station building (Caparkhaneh):Type: Farmstead with three wings, four stables, and four round corner towers, as well as a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions without projections 25.50 × 24 m, courtyard dimensions 19.30 × 13.90 m, height of the portal structure 7.70 m (Fig. 12).Building material: Mud bricks and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: An inscription niche without a plaque is located above the portal.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 16 oktogonale Karavanserail Dehbid : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.612911 long 53.198831 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) Supplement: completelty demolished. this location is based on shape of site and proximity to the rectangular caravanserai. required further on site investigation. VARIANT names: oktogonale Karavanserail Dehbid , ※ SOURCE for oktogonale Karavanserail Dehbid « Karawanenhaltepunkt Dehbid (Abb. 5; 105) (76)Lage: 29 km südlich von Khaneh Khorreh und 13 km nördlich der Station Qal'eh Murceh, in + 2210 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz und an dem Weg von Shiraz über Abarku nach Yazd. Dehbid liegt 35 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5). Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein oktogonales Karavanserail, ein rechtecki-ges Hofkaravanserail und ein kleineres Stationsgebäude. Außerdem liegt ein vorgeschichtlicher Tepe im Bereich der Ortschaft. Das oktogonale Karavanserail:Das oktogonale Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei lungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau, sowie runden Ecktür-men (Abb. 105).Abmessungen: (Die Maße sind nicht exakt zu nehmen) Außenmaße 58 × 58 m, lichte Hofweite 38 m und Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 10 m.Baumaterial: Wahrscheinlich Bruchsteine und Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist vollständig abgerissen.fn 76 Ebenda, 73. - Der Tepe von Dehbid wurde am 9. 12. 1988 begangen. [Dehbid Caravan Stop (Fig. 5; 105) (76)Location: 29 km south of Khaneh Khorreh and 13 km north of the Qal'eh Murceh station, at an elevation of 2210 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and on the road from Shiraz via Abarku to Yazd. Dehbid is located 35 km north of Didgan (Fig. 5). The following structures can be distinguished at the site: an octagonal caravanserai, a rectangular courtyard caravanserai, and a smaller station building. A prehistoric tepe is also located within the settlement area.The octagonal caravanserai:Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, a projecting portal building, and round corner towers (Fig. 105).Dimensions: (These dimensions are not exact) External dimensions 58 × 58 m, clear courtyard width 38 m, and height of the portal structure approximately 10 m.Building material: Probably rubble stone and brick.Structural features and condition: The building has been completely demolished.fn 76 Ibid., 73. - The Tepe of Dehbid was visited on December 9, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 62 Orbelian Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 39.9496499091217 long 45.2360410345581 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Orbelian Caravanserai , Ouasili : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: location identified using Gaube's KM135 in #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ Tabelle 1 p. 46, adjusted by -7kms to fit in known locations. VARIANT names: Baʃiele , K. Oaʃili , Ouasili , Warsalle , Wasili , Wassely , Waſſelee , POSSIBLE LOCATION of Ouasili AT Haji 'Ali C. lat 27.65767 long 54.65727 [Gaube], ※ SOURCE for Baʃiele « Nous en partimes le trentieme et traverſames 3 fois une petite riviere fort bafle en cetems-là, et fort enflée en hyver, et arrivames 2. heures après à Baʃiele, où nous attendimes la litiere. [We left on the thirtieth day and crossed 3 times a small river, very swollen at that time, and very swollen in winter, and arrived 2 hours later at Baʃiele, where we waited for the litter.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318 ※ SOURCE for K. Oaʃili « Half an hour after one in the Afternoon we paffed by a covered Kervanʃeray called Oaʃili, and keeping on our way over little Sandy Hills » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687, ~ pt. 2 p 132 [10 hours from Lar to Kervanʃeray Schemzanghi - road distance 41 kms; 8.5 hours from Lar to Oaʃili - road distance at same speed 34 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Ouasili « but Thursday the ſecond of April, about five of the Clock in the Morning, we continued our Journy, going ftreight East, in a very good Sandy way betwixt CornFields for the Villages are very thick thereabouts. On that Road I obferved a pretty pleafant thing, which is practifed in all that Country as far as Bendar Abaffi: I faw feveral Peafants running about the Corn-Fields, who raifed loud ſhouts, and every now and then clacked whips with all their forces and all this, to drive away the Birds which devour all their Corn: when they fee Flocks of them coming from a neighbouring Ground, that they may not light on theirs, they redouble their cries, to make them go farther; and this they do every day Morning and Evening. The truth is, there are fo great numbers of Sparrows in Perfia, that they deltroy all things, and ſcare-Crows are fo far from frightning them, that they will Pearch upon them. At eight a Clock we paffed by a little covered Kervanʃeray called Tʃcherchab, which puts: an end to the Corn-Fields; for beyond that, there is hardly ardly any thing to be found but Defarts fowed with flones: about two hours after we paffed by another Kervanseray, like to the former, called Tenghinoun; and a little further to the Left Hand, we faw a fmall Forrest of Palm-Trees. We afterwards marched on for the ſpace of about two hours through very flony Ground, and then carne to good even Sandy way. Half an hour after one in the Afternoon we paffed by a covered Kervanʃeray called Oaʃili, and keeping on our way over little Sandy Hills, we came at three a Clock to another, which is alfo covered, and called Schemzanghi, where we flopt, and this place is ʃeven Agaiʃch from Lar. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 132 ※ SOURCE for Warsalle « March the 1st. At 4 afternoon sett out for Warsalle, 5 farsangs; the first two good way, the other 3 bad stoney way. Warsale is a small caravensaroy kept by an old woman. Diary of 1 March 1707/8. Warsalle. (Waris 'Alî.) This place, not mentioned by Fryer, is the Basiele of Le Brun (II, 70) who remarks on the "little Caravanserai half demolished, where we found an aged voman with some provisions." The place is not marked on the maps: it must have been somewhere near the modern 'Aliâbâd. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 43 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Wasili « den 22. Dez. durch steinige Oden zur Karawanserei Wasili 5 Farsach. 2 Farsach zur Karawanserei Bahadeni...am großen, grünen Dorf Desgert (Desgard) rechts vorbei...ein Salzstrom SO, wel- cher zwischen die Gebirge weg und, wie man sagte, ins Meer fließe. Wir ließen 1 Farsach rechts 1/2 Stunde vom Wege hinter dem kleinen Berge einen sehr hohen Nemek Kui (Namk-Kuhi) oder Salzberg, der allein lag und keinen Zusammenhang mit den andern hatte. ... - Dann 1/2 Farsach zur Karawanserei Tschenitsche Tschengi, von Feldsteinen erbaut, zu 4 Seiten offen... Diese Art Karawansereien gibt es in den Chermesiren (Garmẞir, d. i. das warme Land), um bei der Hitze den Wind desto besser von allen Seiten aufzufangen, oder, falls er heiß, ihn mit an- gehängtem...abzuhalten. [December 22nd through stony odes to the caravanserai Vasili 5 Farsach. 2 Farsach to the Bahadeni caravanserai...past the large, green village of Desgert (Desgard) on the right...a salt stream SE, which flows between the mountains and, as they said, into the sea. We left a very high Nemek Kui (Namk-Kuhi) or salt mountain 1 Farsach to the right 1/2 hour from the path behind the small mountain, which lay alone and had no connection to the others. ... - Then 1/2 farsach to the Tscheniche Tschengi caravanserai, built of field stones, open on 4 sides... This type of caravanserai is found in the Chermesir (Garmẞir, i.e. the warm country), so that the wind is even better in the heat to catch it from all sides, or, if it is hot, to hold it off with an attached...] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 121 « From the karavansaray of Wasili, after two farsakhs, the traveller came to the large, verdant village of Desgert, where the karavansaray in 1717 was however totally uninhabitable. Continuing, after one-and-a-half farsakhs, the karavansaray called Tschenitsche Tschengi, which was a karavansaray square in shape, built of freestone, and open on all sides, was typical for this kind of building in the Garmsir in order to provide cooling from the wind. But there was nothing to be had at this karavansaray, neither water nor straw, hence caravans had to push onwards to Badini or Bahadini, which had a cistern, but one full of worms "as most tankes be." In 1717, the karavansaray was old and totally in ruins because of the earthquakes. (118) fn. 118 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p. 121 (Bahadeni; Desgert); Stodart (Dascherd; Bohodonie); Valentijn, vol. V, pp. 266, 273 (Bahadini. Badeni, Disgirt); Winninx, 9 July (Badang); Speelman, p. 44 (Bahadany); Herbert, p. 53 (Duzgun is Dastgird). I have not been able to identify the nearby Laztan-de. KA 1793, fol. 980 (Bhadanie; Dest-gird); Winninx, 11 July (Dasgard); Carmelites, vol. I, p. 219, n. men- tions a karavansaray with three water cisterns at one league from Dizkurd. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Wassely « Een halff uur later ontmoeten den Engelsen wijnmaeker, genaamt Vincent, met 91 camelen alle met Chirasen wijn geladen naar Gamron reysende, passeerden ter regter sijde de carewansera Bahadany (1) ende mede Siamse Sangy (2), twee mijlen van den anderen gelegen, in welke laatste onse caffila den verleden middagh was aangecomen, en quamen ontrent 11 uuren aan de carwansera Wassely (3) te rust. Hadden dese mael gevordert 7½ mijl. fn. 1 De Simla kaart geeft Badeni. Niet vermeld door anderen.fn. 2 Tjashmeh-zangi de bron van den Ethiopiër, bij verkorting uit- gesproken Shamzengi, zooals het dan ook voorkomt op de Simla kaart en bij Tavernier, Thévenot en Fryer, welke laatste de overlevering geeft, dat de karavanserai gebouwd werd door een,,Abassin" en vertelt: „The Hollanders have here a neat, but small dwelling, whither their Com- modore comes sometimes." Dit was in 1877. Hij, Chardin en De Bruyn wijden uit over de doorgestane warmte en Tavernier, een reiziger van veel ondervinding, noemt den weg tusschen Hormuz en Jar le chemin le plus facheux de la Perse, parceque bien souvent il n'y a point d'eau." Onze landgenoot schrijft, zooals veeltijds, deu naam on- juist naar den gehoorden klank af: Samsomgien (hij is meer vertrouwd met het penseel dan met de pen) en Erasmus Petter, de lijfwacht die de reis van den gezant Johan van Leenen (1689) meemaakt en be- schrijft (Valentijn, Oud es Nieuw Oost-Indiën, V, 265), maakt er zich af met Samsamgen.fn. 3 Vermeld bij Petter: Wasseles en de Bruyn: Basiele. Als aan- vangsletter dient in al deze schrijfwijzen wel een v gesteld te worden. Door geen van hen wordt het als rastplaats gebezigd. [Half an hour later, the English winemaker, named Vincent, met 91 camels, all loaded with Chirasen wine, heading for Gamron, passed on the right side the carewansera Bahadany (1) and the Siamse Sangy (2), located two miles from the other, in which last our caffila had arrived last afternoon, and we rested at the carwansera Wassely (3) around 11 o'clock. This month we had progressed 7½ miles. fn. 1 The Simla map shows Badeni. Not mentioned by others.fn. 2 Tjashmeh-zangi the source of the Ethiopian, abbreviated as Shamzengi, as it also appears on the Simla map and at Tavernier, Thévenot and Fryer, the latter of which gives the tradition that the caravanserai was built by an "Abassin" " and says: "The Dutch have here a neat, but small dwelling, whilst their Commodore comes sometimes." This was in 1877. He, Chardin and De Bruyn elaborate on the heat endured and Tavernier, a traveler of much experience, mentions the road between Hormuz and Jar le chemin le plus facheux de la Perse, parceque bien souvent il n'y a point d'eau." Our compatriot, as he often does, writes the name incorrectly according to the sound heard: Samsomgien (he is more familiar with the brush than with the pen) and Erasmus Petter, the bodyguard who accompanied the envoy's journey. Johan van Leenen (1689) experiences and describes (Valentijn, Oud es Nieuw Oost-Indiën, V, 265), concludes with Samsamgen.fn. 3 Mention for Petter: Wasseles and de Bruyn: Basiele. In all these spellings, a v must be used as the initial letter. None of them use it as a resting place.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ ※ SOURCE for Waſſelee « Den 22. dito vertrokken wy weder, namen onze reize na Samſamge, trokken voorby een Karrawanſera, Waſſelee genaamd, hadden ook een redelyke weg door verſcheide rievieren en vericheidene vlaktens, met Salpeter, en wel zoodanig bedekt, dat het ſcheen of het ſneeuw was, daar benevens ook met eenig geboomte gelyk als zeven-boomen, daar 't et zout als gecandalizeerd op de bladeren zat, 't geen zeldzaam te zien was. Ook zagen wy bergen als van ys, in fchyn, t'eenemaal met Salpeter bedekt. [On the 22nd of this day we set out again, took our journey to Samſamge, passed by a Karrawanſera, called Waſſelee, which also had a reasonable route through several rivers and several plains, covered with saltpeter, and so covered that it seemed as if it were snow, there also with some trees such as seven-trees, because the salt was candalized on the leaves, which was rare to see. We also saw mountains like those of Ys, in France, completely covered with saltpetre.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 265 Pa'in Ertebat : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Pa'in Ertebat , پائین ارتباط , VARIANT names: Pa'in Ertebat , Pa'in Rah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Pa'in Rah , VARIANT names: Acha Tachy , Aga taki , Agatakee , Carvanfera Agatachj , Firaw , Karawanserei Paira , Paerra , Paey-ra , Pa'in Rah , Pain-i Rah , Painra , Paira , Pajera , Para , Piraw , ※ SOURCE for Acha Tachy « Sondagh den 4den dito 'smergens liet d'heer de speel- luyden met een smalle gifte vereeren en steegh voorts te paart, comende naer drie en een halff mijl rijdens in de carewansera Acha Tachy (2)fn. 2 Chardin vermeldt deze karavanserai: Agha Taki, maar anderereizigers spreken van Painra (Dupré), of Paira, zooals Tavernier enThévenot het schrijven. Fryer heeft Firaw, maar vertaalt het doorThe foot of the way", d. i. dan Parah, en voegt bij dat Agha Takidaar een karavanserai bouwde. De rivier, waarvan de tekst spreekt,is de Kafr (dezelfde, die langs het op blz. 73 vermelde dorp van diennaam stroomt), elders, gedurende zijn loop van bijna 500 K.M., KaraAghach en Mend genaamd, tot zij, als de Khor Ziarat, ten Z. vanBüshir, in de Perzische Golf uitmondt.[On Sunday the 4th morning, the gentleman honored the players with a small gift and mounted further, coming after three and a half miles of riding in the carewansera Acha Tachy (2) fn. 2 Chardin mentions this caravanserai: Agha Taki, but other travelers speak of Painra (Dupré), or Paira, as Tavernier and Thévenot write. Fryer has Firaw, but translates it as The foot of the way", i.e. then Parah, and adds that Agha Taki built a caravanserai there. The river of which the text speaks is the Kafr (the same one that runs along it on p. 73 mentioned village of that name), elsewhere, during its course of almost 500 K.M., is called Kara Aghach and Mend, until it flows into the Persian Gulf as the Khor Ziarat, south of Büshir.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 81 ※ SOURCE for Aga taki « Le 26, je partis à trois heures du matin pourfaire huit lieues, parce que la traite étoit fortrude. Cinq lieues s'en font, partie par des routesfort pierreuses, partie à monter et à descendredes montagnes; mais le reste se fait dans une fortbelle plaine. Au bout des cinq lieues, on trouveun caravanserai, nommé Aga taki (1), du nomde celui qui l'a fondé, qui étoit un riche marchand.fn. 1 Le käravansérây d'ághá Tagy est auprès d'un endroit nom- mé Firah, suivant Fryer's, New account of East India and Persia, pag. 241. (L-s.) [On the 26th, I left at three o'clock in the morning to go eight leagues, because the trade was very rough. Five leagues are there, part by very stony roads, part by going up and down the mountains; but the rest is done in a very beautiful plain. At the end of five leagues, we find a caravanserai, named Aga taki (1), from the name of the man who founded it, who was a rich merchant. fn. 1 The käravansérây of ághá Tagy is near a place called Firah, according to Fryer's, New account of East India and Persia, pag. 241. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 461 ※ SOURCE for Agatakee « August 22. We rose from Dottiuan, and passing by Cossir, lodged at Agatakee. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 207 ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Agatachj « 20 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 361 ※ SOURCE for Firaw « for we had not traced Ten Miles of this pleasant Way, when we came to Firaw (3), (The Foot of the Way,) where Aga Tocke had placed a Caravan Ser Raw; fn. 3 Perhaps Agha Taqi. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 207 ※ SOURCE for Karawanserei Paira « Und dies 3 Farsach zur Karawanserei Paira (Pâ'inä, d. i. niedrig weg, daher der Name). Dessen Erbauer Aga Tagi (Agha Tagi). Hinter dieser Karawanserei lief ein ziemlicher Strom... immer längs des Fußes des Schneeberges, der hier seinen Schnee verloren hatte. [And this 3 Farsach to the caravanserai Paira (Pâ'inä, i.e. low way, hence the name). Its builder Aga Tagi (Agha Tagi). Behind this caravanserai there ran quite a stream... always along the foot of the snow mountain, which had lost its snow here.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Paerra « Viaggiammo fra montagne, per una peſſima ſtrada piena di pietre, il Mercor- di 22. e calati..in fine per una ſeeſa di 12. miglia, arrivammo nel Karvanſerà di Paerra, avendo fatte 20. miglia in otto ore. [We traveled among the mountains, along a very stone-filled road, on Wednesday the 22nd, and finally descended for a distance of 12 miles, arriving in the Karvanſerà of Paerra, having traveled 20 miles in eight hours.] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Paey-ra « Nous pourfuivimes notre chemin à 6. heures du matin,paffämes à côté d'un village d'une longueur extraordinaire, dont toutes les mai fons étoient faites de jonc, nous traverfames enfuite des montagnes pierreufes,nous arrêtâmes au Caravanserai de Paey-ra, entouré de villages, à quatre lieues de l'endroit, ou nous avions paffé la nuit. [We continued our journey at 6 o'clock in the morning, passed by a village of extraordinary length, all the houses of which were made of rushes, we crossed the stony mountains, we stopped at the Caravanserai of Paey-ra, surrounded by villages, four leagues from the place where we had spent the night.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 312 ※ SOURCE for Pain-i Rah « After the karavansaray of Mirsa Seri, instead of making straight for Khafr, some travellers either stopped at the karavansaray of Asmankard,(84) or, after three farsakhs, at the large karavansaray of Pain-i Rah, which was a reasonable building that had been built by Aqā Taqi, and was situated next to the village of Barajan. It was an isolated structure, and there were no houses.(85) fn. 85 Kaempfer, Reisetagebücher, p.111; (karavansaray of Paira) Thevenot, vol. II, p. 127; (Pajera); Tavernier, p. 310 (Paira); LeBrun, vol. II, p. 312 (Paroe); Valentijn, vol. V. p. 262 (Para); KA 1793, fol. 997b (Serae Parhoe was old and bad). Aqå Taqi, who had built this karavansaray, had been shahbandar of Bandar Abbas in 1640-3. He had+in acrimo- nious relationship with the Dutch, and even imprisoned the VOC director in 1642. Speelman, pp. 81-2, 338 (Acha Tachy). The place was called the karavansaray of Agatachi by Winninx, 20 July; Fryer, vol. II, p. 207 (Aga Tocke); Hedges, p. 207 (Agatakee); Chardin, vol. VIII, p. 461 (Aga Taki, a rich merchant). The Carmelites mention a karavansaray called Camerbeik (Qanbar Beg?) 3 farsakhs after Khafr, see Carmelites, loc. cit. » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 76 ※ SOURCE for Painra « Nous ne rejoignimes la grande route qu'après deux heures de marche, non loin d'un amas de décombres, qui semble indiquer l'existence passée d'un village considérable. Plus en avant, sur la-gauche, est un caravansérail appelé Painra, derrière lequel coule la rivière de Kåfre, que les eaux de la pluie avaient beaucoup augmen- tée. On la passe à gué près du village de Perindjoûn. [We did not reach the main road until after two hours' march, not far from a pile of rubble, which seems to indicate the former existence of a considerable village. Further on, on the left, is a caravanserai called Painra, behind which flows the river Kåfre, which the waters of rain had greatly increased. It is forded near the village of Perindjoûn.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 459 ※ SOURCE for Paira « till Noon, that we arrived at a great Kervanʃeray called Paira; which ſlands alone by it ſelſ, and is four Agatʃeh distant from Mouzeferi » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ vol. 2 p. 127 « Und dies 3 Farsach zur Karawanserei Paira (Pâ'inä, d. i. niedrig weg, daher der Name). Dessen Erbauer Aga Tagi (Agha Tagi). Hinter dieser Karawanserei lief ein ziemlicher Strom [And this 3 Farsach to the caravanserai Paira (Pâ'inä, i.e. low way, hence the name). Its builder Aga Tagi (Agha Tagi). There was quite a stream running behind this caravanserai] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 111 ※ SOURCE for Pajera « Den 9. dito trokken wy over een mocjelyken weg over klippig gebergte, vol Key-fteenen, en quamen tot Pajera. Alhier is een redelyke Karrawanſera, dog namen onze ruft in tenten. Het is hier zeer eenzaam zonder eenige huizing, daar loopt een ſnelle rievier voorby de Manfel, vallende met een groot gedruis op eenige klippen. Aan de kant vond men een ſtroo hutje. [On the 9th we traveled along a rough road over rocky mountains, full of Keystones, and arrived at Pajera. Here is a reasonable Karrawanſera, which took our place in tents. It is very lonely here without any housing, there is a fast river running past the Manfel, falling with a great noise onto some cliffs. On the side they found a straw hut.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 263 ※ SOURCE for Para « Den 2. dito verreisde zyn Ed: tuſſchen 1 en 2 uuren, en quam met den morgen ontrent 8 uuren in de Karrawaaniara Para. [On the 2nd of the same day his Ed left between 1 and 2 o'clock, and arrived at the Karrawaaniara Para at about 8 o'clock in the morning.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 274 Den 21. dito quam zyn Ed: na 4 mylen langs een ongelyken weg gereden te hebben, in de Karrawaanſera Para. [The 21. ditto quam zyn Ed: after having driven 4 miles along an uneven road, in the Karrawaanſera Para.] « The morning of the 20th at the first hour after sunrise we stopped in the caravanserai Barayian near a stream. (26) Since a town was nearby, we sent one of the servants to buy fruit. At the second hour we started out again, and the trip became more and more pleasant, because the countryside was beautiful, and the air was ever more temperate. fn. 26. Bembo identifies it as "Para." Barayian is a present day village on the site. » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 297 ※ SOURCE for Piraw « About 12 at night sett out for Gossaw, 7½ farsangs, bad stoney way, but no mountain to pass. Past by Piraw, 5 farsangs to this place; here is a good Caravensaroy. Arrived here the 23rd about 11 forenoon. note: Diary of 22 February 1707/8. Piraw. Pain-Rah, about 164, miles WNW. from Asmangird. Fryor calls the place "Firaw, the Foot of the Way," but Thevenot (Pt. II, 127) has Paira, and Le Bruyn Paeyra and Payra (II, 64, 137). Fryer oorrectly interprets the name: Pers. pd'ín, 'bottom,' and râh, "road.' » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 41 and 47 Pariz Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.871061 long 55.750073 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye pariz کاروانسرای پاریز VARIANT names: Pariz Caravanserai , Pasangan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.478996 long 51.062239 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye pasangan کاروانسرای پاسنگان VARIANT names: Karavanserail Pasengan , Pasangan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Pasengan « Karavanserail Pasengan (Taf. 14.4 und 13,1 and 15,3) (Abb. 3 und 82)" am Wege von Qom nach KashanLage: Das Karavanserail steht 26 km südöstlich des Stadtzentrums (Heiligtum) von Qom, in + 860 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Qazvin-Saveh - Qom nach Kashan - Na'in-Yazd -Kerman. Es steht gegenüber von zwei Zisternen (Abb. 82).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vier Stallab-teilungen sowie leicht vorspringenden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 49 47.50 m Außenabmessungen (ohne Türme), 27 27 m Hofabmessungen (Abb.83) und 6,90 m Portalhöhe (Abb.84).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/11/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der im Grundrifß einheitliche Bau hat eine schräge Rückfront, die vielleicht auf wiederbenutzten, älteren Bauteilen aufgebaut ist. Die Fassade hat eine Gliederung aus flachen Nischen. Ein Lehm-ziegelaufbau über dem Portal wurde nicht vermessen.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt, eine Tafel über dem Portal ist entfernt.Datierung: Der Bau dürfte in safavidischer Zeit errichtet worden sein. Der Lehmziegelaufbau stammt aus dem 19 Jahrhundert.Im Bereich des Karavanserails wurde (Abb. 85) folgende Keramik gefunden: Hellrötlichbraune Ware (Abb. 85, Nε τ innen türkisfarben glasierte Ware (Abb. 85. Nr. 2), hellgelb graue, unglasierte Ware (Abb. 85, Nr. 3. 1-11) und dunkelblau auf weißem Grund glasierte Ware (Abb. 85. No.4) fn 44 Karavanserail Pasengan wurde am 15. 3. 1982 neu vermessen. Siehe auch M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran, Kairo 1949, 64. Fig. 24. [Pasengan Caravanserail (Plates 14.4, 13.1, and 15.3) (Figs. 3 and 82) on the road from Qom to KashanLocation: The caravanserail is located 26 km southeast of the city center (sanctuary) of Qom, at an elevation of 860 m above sea level, on the road from Qazvin-Saveh to Kashan, Na'in-Yazd, and Kerman. It stands opposite two cisterns (Fig. 82).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and four stable compartments, as well as slightly projecting corner towers.Dimensions: 49 x 47.50 m exterior dimensions (excluding towers), 27 x 27 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 83), and 6.90 m portal height (Fig. 84).Building material: Fired bricks (22/11/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building, uniform in planplan, has a sloping rear facade, which may be built on reused, older building components. The facade is articulated by shallow niches. A mudbrick structure above the portal was not measured.Inscriptions: none are known; a plaque above the portal has been removed.Dating: The building was likely erected during the Safavid period. The mudbrick structure dates from the 19th century.The following ceramics were found in the area of ??the caravanserail (Fig. 85): light reddish-brown ware (Fig. 85, No. 2), turquoise-glazed ware (Fig. 85, No. 3), light yellow-gray unglazed ware (Fig. 85, No. 3, 1-11), and dark blue glazed ware on a white ground (Fig. 85, No. 4). fn 44 Caravanserail Pasengan was resurveyed on March 15, 1982. See also M. Siroux, Caravanserails d'Iran, Cairo 1949, p. 64, Fig. 24.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 57 Pasgah-e Baha'ed Din : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: feature: PP = police post VARIANT names: Babadini , Badami Badini Bahadini , Badani , Badeni , Badeni (Duzdga) , Baderie , Badini , Baha- Eddin (Badni) , Bahadany , Bahadeni , Bahadini , Bohodonie , Carvanfera Badeng , half demolished caravanserai (LeBrun) , Karavanserail Bad Ney [1] , karvansara badini , Pasgah-e Baha'ed Din , ※ SOURCE for Babadini « We parted from that wretched Lodging Friday the third of April, about four a Clock in the Evening, and Travelled through a large very even Plain, where we faw in many places the Ground whitened over with Salt, which is made by the Rain: about half an hour after five we paffed by a covered Kervanʃeray called Babadini » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 133 ※ SOURCE for Badami Badini Bahadini « Persian text omitted. [Badami Badini Bahadini 13 They go to Badami from every banana, the distance is four farsakh and the road is smooth It is now called Hermod. All three forms of the word are mentioned, but in the text, apparently, only Badami is used in the Qajar period and the recent years of Bahadini and Badini.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 581 ※ SOURCE for Badani « Badani, Sarai (4 cisterns) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} ※ SOURCE for Badeni «118 (km) Badeni (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « Den 5. dito na 5 mylen, in de Karrawaanſera Badeni. [The 5th ditto after 5 miles, in the Karrawaanſera Badeni] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 285 « Badeni » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} ※ SOURCE for Badeni (Duzdga) « Three furlongs in advance the low earth hills, called "Fildani." spring up from the valley about 2 miles to north, the big range to south being distant one mile. The ground is of a stony whitish limy clay mixed with gravel. At 9 miles 5 furlong we are passing a very large and well built cistern full of good water. A large flock of goats belonging to Iliats, is observed here. Immediately after we come to a small caravanserai possessing two small cisterns. This place is properly named Badeni, and vulgarly Duzdga. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 25 ※ SOURCE for Baderie « Den 13. dito vertrok zyn Ed:, als vorens, en quam met zons opgang in de Karrawanfera Baderie, alwaar, kort na onze ruit, de broeder van den Hertog van Lhaar met eenige Soldaaten ver fcheen, om zyn Ed: uyt zyn Broeders naam (gelyk hy zelf des namiddags dede) te verwelkomen. [On the 13th his Ed: departed as before, and arrived at sunrise at the Karrawanfera Baderie, where, shortly after our window, the brother of the Duke of Lhaar appeared with some soldiers, to welcome his Ed: in his brother's name (as he himself did that afternoon).] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 ※ SOURCE for Badini « The road now traverses the flat passable plain, covered with crub and occasional short grass, and about 2 miles broad N. and S. at this point. At 12½ miles the large caravansarai of Badini is reached. From here a road, fit for wheeled traffic, pranches S.-W. to Kermanshah (22 miles). The plain at this point is 3 miles broad; the Küh-i-Fildani to the N., consists of a narrow very steep ridge 300 feet above the plain level, pierced in two places by streams running N. It divides the grassy plain of Badini from the barren and oroken expanse of clay hillocks which stretches from the Küh-i-Fildani to the Shür River. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 169 ※ SOURCE for Baha- Eddin (Badni)(Arch. Site) « Baha- Eddin (Badni) » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Bahadany « Engelsen wijnmaeker, genaamt Vincent, met 91 camelen alle met Chirasen wijn geladen naar Gamron reysende, passeerden ter regter sijde de carewansera Bahadany (1)fn. 1 De Simla kaart geeft Badeni. Niet vermeld door anderen. [English winemaker, named Vincent, with 91 camels all loaded with Chirasen wine to Gamron reysende, passed the carewansera Bahadany (1) on the right side fn. 1 The Simla map shows Badeni. Not mentioned by others.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 44 ※ SOURCE for Bahadeni « . Von da zur Karawanserei Bahadeni. Selbige war wie ein russischer Tempel, war auch nur mit 4 Eiwanen, hatte zwar ein eigenes klares Wasser, aber voller Würmer. [. From there to the Bahadeni caravanserai. It was like a Russian temple, it only had 4 eggs, it had its own clear water, but it was full of worms.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 121 ※ SOURCE for Bahadini « Den 23. dito trokken wy voorby twee eenzame Manſels, ieder 2 Karrawanſera's en water-tangen hebbende, d'eene Bahadini, en d'andere Sjek Sjek genaamd; [On the 23rd day we passed by two lonely Manſels, each having 2 Karrawanſeras and water-tongs, one called Bahadini, and the other Shek Shek;] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 266 «118 (km) | S. Bahadani (Thévenot), Badeni (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Bohodonie « 13 The 13th daye we came [to] Dascherd [?),(2) another litle towne lying a 1ge. out of the waye,wher we were refresht, and at night we had a guideand came to a caravansero weh is calld Bohodonie [Badini]. Here we picht, haueing traveled 5 lges. of stonie waye. Here is tanck water but fullof wormes as moste tankes be. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 83 ※ SOURCE for Carvanfera Badeng « 10 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 360 ※ SOURCE for half demolished caravanserai (LeBrun) « Nous pourfuivimes enfuite notre chemin et parvinmes à onze heures à un petit Caravanserai à demi demoli, où il y avoit une vieille femme avec des provifions. On trouve en ce quartier-là quantité de citernes couvertes, dont l'eau eft admirable; et beaucoup de gens occupez a en creufer d'autres, et des puits, fans quoi on n'y pourroit fubfifter, [We continued on our way and reached at eleven o'clock a small, half-demolished Caravanserai, where there was an old woman with provisions. We find in this district a number of covered cisterns, the water of which is admirable; and many people are busy digging others, and wells, without which we could not find them,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Bad Ney [1] « Karavanserail Bad Ney [1] (Baha ed Din) (Abb. 5; 259) (181)Lage: 17 km östlich von Cahar Berkeh, 9 km westlich des Karavanserails Ceki, in +600 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas.Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein qadjarisches Kara-vanserail, heute eine Gendarmeriestation, ein safavidisches Pavillon-Karavanserail und vier Zisternen (Abb. 259).[1] Das qadjarische Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit Eingangsiwan, vier Ställen in den Gebäudeecken und turmartig erhöhtem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 28,50 × 27,80 m, Hofabmes-sungen 18,20 × 17,50 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 3,60 m, Höhe des Eingangsturmes 5,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, als Gendarmeriestation genutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Bad Ney Caravanserail [1] (Baha ed Din) (Fig. 5; 259) (181)Location: 17 km east of Cahar Berkeh, 9 km west of the Ceki Caravanserail, at an elevation of 600 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bandar-e Abbas.The following structures can be distinguished at the site: a Qajar caravanserail, now a gendarmerie station, a Safavid pavilion caravanserail, and four cisterns (Fig. 259).[1] The Qajar caravanserail:Type: Courtyard caravanserail with an entrance iwan, four stables in the building corners, and a tower-like portal structure. ...`][ ] Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 28.50 × 27.80 m, courtyard dimensions 18.20 × 17.50 m, height of the courtyard facades 3.60 m, height of the entrance tower 5.60 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used as a gendarmerie station.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 141 ※ SOURCE for karvansara badini « karvansara badini کاروانسرا بادینی » PaßK. westlich von Evaz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 27.798309 long 53.82451 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: PaßK. westlich von Evaz , ※ SOURCE for PaßK. westlich von Evaz « Paßkaravanserail westlich von Evaz (Abb. 5; 236) Lage: 23 km westlich von Evaz, östlich vor dem Paß (+1040 m ü. N. N.), 15 km östlich Mahlakeh, in +970 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Qir nach Lar.Typ: Einräumiges Kleinkaravanserail mit zwei Eingän- gen und Mauerschlitzen zum Anbinden der Reittiere. Der Bau ist als Zwischenstation zwischen großen Anlagen zu werten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 7,90 x 3,70 m, Gebäude- höhe 3,20 m.[Pass caravanserail west of Evaz (Fig. 5; 236)Location: 23 km west of Evaz, east of the pass (+1040 m above sea level), 15 km east of Mahlakeh, at +970 m above sea level. N. N., on the road from Qir to Lar.Type: One-room small caravan serail with two entrances and wall slots for tying up the mounts. The building can be seen as a stopover between large facilities.Dimensions: external dimensions 7.90 x 3.70 m, building height 3.20 m. ] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 130 [note. location not identified - 23km west Evaz and 15km east Mahlakeh puts location in pass - 3.3 km SW, bearing 227° of this location - and no sign of any cistern. this location is just east of pass. PBR] Passkaravanserail Kandavan Sud : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.140851 long 51.303482 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Passkaravanserail Kandavan Sud , ※ SOURCE for Passkaravanserail Kandavan Sud « Paßkaravanserail Kandavan Süd (Abb. 155 und 168) 118Lage: Unterhalb des Südausganges des Kandavan-Tun-nels, an der Straße Calus/Chalus Karadj in +2500 m ü. N.N. gelegen.Typ: Unregelmäßiger Rechteckbau, wohl gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail.Abmessungen: Ausdehnung der Ruinenfläche auf 30,50 x 17 m meßbar.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch als Ruine erhalten, mit einem Gewölbegang. Die weiteren Raumteile in 2 Bauphasen zu unterscheiden, aber nur noch im Grundriß erkennbar.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wohl im 19. Jahrhundert erbaut. fn 118 Die Ruine wurde am 15. 11. 1976 vermessen. [Kandavan South Pass Caravanserail (Figs. 155 and 168) 118Location: Below the southern exit of the Kandavan Tunnel, on the Calus/Chalus Karadj road at an elevation of 2500 m above sea level.Type: Irregular rectangular structure, likely a covered mountain caravanserail.Dimensions: The ruins measure 30.50 x 17 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Extant only as a ruin, with a vaulted passageway. The other sections can be distinguished from two construction phases, but are only recognizable in plan view.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the 19th century.fn 118 The ruins were surveyed on November 15, 1976.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 99 Paßkaravanserail südlich Kuhrud : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.614542 long 51.370009 † basis (unknown, approximate location coordinates) Supplement: location based on Kleiss below VARIANT names: Paßkaravanserail südlich Kuhrud , ※ SOURCE for Paßkaravanserail südlich Kuhrud « Paßkaravanserail südlich Kuhrud (Abb. 12; 147) (91)Lage: 8 km südlich Kuhrud, 1 km nördlich vor dem Paß in +2650 m ü.N.N. (Paßhöhe +2700 m ü.N.N.), am Weg von Kashan nach Esfahan.Typ: Hofanlage mit runden Ecktürmen und vereinzelten Maueranschlüssen von Räumen um den Hof herum.Abmessungen: 34,50 x 33,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge). Die Mauern zeichnen sich nur noch an der Erd-oberfläche ab.Baumaterial: Außenmauern in Bruchsteinen, Raum-mauern in gebrannten Ziegeln (24/24/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavanse-rail ist auf einer partiell angeschütteten Terrasse errichtet und völlig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.baut. Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in vorsafavidischer Zeit er-Im Bereich der Ruine wurden ein hellrotbraunes Stück eines Wasserrohres und zwei innen türkisfarben glasierte Schalenbruchstücke (Abb. 148) gefunden.fn 91 Der Platz wurde am 22. 11. 1983 besucht. [Pass Caravanserai South of Kuhrud (Figs. 12; 147) (91)Location: 8 km south of Kuhrud, 1 km north of the pass at +2650 m a.s.l. (pass elevation +2700 m a.s.l.), on the road from Kashan to Isfahan.Type: Courtyard complex with round corner towers and occasional wall connections to rooms around the courtyard.Dimensions: 34.50 x 33.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections). The walls are only visible at ground level.Building material: Exterior walls of rubble stone, interior walls of fired bricks (24/24/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is built on a partially filled terrace and is completely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.builds. Dating: Probably pre-Safavidean.A light reddish-brown piece of a water pipe and two fragments of bowls with a turquoise glaze on the inside (Fig. 148) were found in the area of ??the ruins.fn 91 The site was visited on November 22, 1983.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 79 Pavillon-K. östlich von Lar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, possible centre of location area at coordinate: lat 27.68583 long 54.427624 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Kleiss locates Karavanserail Tang-e Nao 31 km east of Lar and 15 km west of Cahar Berkeh; Pavillon-Karavanserail östlich von Lar 19 km east of Lar and 12 km west of Tang-e Nao. Actual figures for Karavanserail Tang-e Nao are 20. 6 km and 13.7 km. For the location of Pavillon-Karavanserail östlich von Lar which I cannot locate visually has therefore been placed at 9 km and 12 km. Stodart travels 2 leagues to Cherchoke ≃ 6 miles or 9.6 kms. VARIANT names: Pavillon-K. östlich von Lar , ※ SOURCE for Pavillon-K. östlich von Lar « Pavillon-Karavanserail östlich von Lar (Abb. 5; 253) 178Lage: 12 km westlich von Tang-e Nao und 19 km östlich von Lar, in + 740 m ü. N. N., an der safavidischen Straße von Shiraz über Djahrom und Lar nach Bandar-e Abbas. Typ: Einfaches Pavillon-Karavanserail mit kreuzförmigem, überkuppeltem Zentralraum und vier Eckräumen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,40 × 10,40 m, Höhe des Zentralraumes 3,50 m, Eingänge iwanartig betont.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Neben dem Pavillon-Karavanserail liegen zwei runde Kuppel-Zisternen von 7,70 m und 6 m Durchmesser und ei- ner Höhe von 5,10 m bzw. 4 m (Abb. 254). [Pavilion caravanserail east of Lar (Fig. 5; 253) 178Location: 12 km west of Tang-e Nao and 19 km east of Lar, at +740 m above sea level. N. N., on the Safavid road from Shiraz via Djahrom and Lar to Bandar-e Abbas. Type: Simple pavilion caravanserail with a cross-shaped, domed central room and four corner rooms.Dimensions: external dimensions 10.40 × 10.40 m, height of the central room 3.50 m, entrances accented like an iwan.Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Probably Safavid, 17th century.Next to the pavilion caravanserail there are two round dome cisterns with a diameter of 7.70 m and 6 m and a height of 5.10 m and 4 m respectively (Fig. 254).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 136 Perko Road caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: ?جاده پرکو?? building not identified VARIANT names: Perko Road caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Perko Road caravanserai « At 2½ miles pass a small caravanserai and bourkah. A few trees about, fit for camel grazing and firewood only. The track now becomes broad, hard and stony. At 3 miles an ascent commences by a rocky pathway up a ravine. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 5 Pichebon Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.426167 long 50.783486 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye picheh ban کاروانسرای پیچه بن VARIANT names: Pichebon Caravanserai , Pilgerkaravanserail beim Emamzadeh Abu Zar (Qa'en) : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 33.700866 long 59.216151 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Pilgerkaravanserail beim Emamzadeh Abu Zar (Qa'en) , ※ SOURCE for Pilgerkaravanserail beim Emamzadeh Abu Zar (Qa'en) « Pilgerkaravanserail beim Emamzadeh Abu Zar (Qa'en) (Abb. 5 und 76) (91)Lage: Außerhalb der Stadt, südöstlich der Masdjed-e Djomeh, auf einer Anhöhe östlich der Assassinenburg Qal'ch Kuh, liegt das Terrassenheiligtum Emamzadeh Abu Zar mit dem benachbarten Unterkunftshaus und dem angrenzenden Wasserreservoir (Abb. 77). Das Unterkunfts-haus (Pilgerkaravanserail) besteht aus einer von sechs Kuppelgewölben überdeckten Halle mit Wandnischen (Abb. 77).fn 91 Qa'en wurde am 8.3.1976 besucht, die Assassinenburg und das Emamzadeh Abu Zar aufgenommen. - AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 44 ff. [Pilgrim Caravanserai at Emamzadeh Abu Zar (Qa'en) (Figs. 5 and 76) (91)Location: Outside the city, southeast of the Masdjed-e Djomeh, on a hill east of the Assassin fortress Qal'ch Kuh, lies the terraced shrine of Emamzadeh Abu Zar with the adjacent accommodation building and the adjoining water reservoir (Fig. 77). The accommodation building (pilgrim caravanserai) consists of a hall covered by six domed vaults with wall niches (Fig. 77).fn 91 Qa'en was visited on March 8, 1976, and the Assassin fortress and Emamzadeh Abu Zar were photographed. - AMI N.F. 10, 1977, 44 ff.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 57 Pish Robat : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.828258 long 61.05422 NIMA/GNS names: Pish Robat , پيش رباط , VARIANT names: Pish Robat , ※ SOURCE for Pish Robat « Pish Robat (Pich Robat, Robat-e Sistani oder Tuman Aqa) (Abb. 5 und 59)59 aLage: 60 km südöstlich Torbat-e Djam und etwa 36 km südöstlich Abbas Abad, am Westufer des Grenzflusses Hari-Rud, an dem alten Karawanenweg von Mashhad nach Herat. Ein in gebrannten Ziegeln errichtetes qadjarisches Karavanserail ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen. [Pish Robat (Pich Robat, Robat-e Sistani, or Tuman Aqa) (Figs. 5 and 59) 59aLocation: 60 km southeast of Torbat-e Djam and about 36 km southeast of Abbas Abad, on the west bank of the Hari-Rud border river, on the old caravan route from Mashhad to Herat. A Qajar caravanserai built of fired bricks is documented, but not surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 Pol'borideh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.550624 long 50.655919 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: baghayaye karvansaraye pel barideh بقایای کاروانسرای پل بریده VARIANT names: Pol'borideh Caravanserai , Pol-e Abgineh ruined caravanserai : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: -3078449 coordinate: lat 29.558212 long 51.76385 NIMA/GNS names: Deh-i-Pul-i-Abgineh , Dehpol Abgineh , Pol-e Abgineh , Pol-e Agineh , پل آبگینه , VARIANT names: Pol-e Abgineh ruined caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Pol-e Abgineh ruined caravanserai(Arch. Site) « Pol-e Abgineh » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars} « Pol-e Abgineh 1988 - Ruined caravanserai Pol-e Abgineh, Kazerun arachne.dainst.org/entity/6820717 Arachne ID:6820717 Category: Bilder Old serial number:8857267 Informationen zum Bild Lokalisierung Pol-e Abgineh, Kazerun, Iran (Islamische Republik), DAI Kernfelder Titel: Pol-e Abgineh 1988 - Ruined caravanserai Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-20544 Aufnahmedatum: 1988 Bildautor/in: Wolfram Kleiss Verantwortlichkeit für das Bild: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Copyright DAI Veränderbarkeit: DAI Berlin, Eurasienabteilung, Teheran Archiv Ortsbezeichnung 2/Unterort: DAI Eurasienabteilung, Archiv der Aussenstelle Teheran Kategorie: - 35mm - not applicable Beschreibung: _ Inventar- oder Fundnummer: Pol-e Abgineh Karavans. 1988 (Pol-e Abgineh Caravans. 1988) » online reference link [accessed 07 Nov 2023] Pol-e Shalu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Pol-e Shalu , پل شالو , VARIANT names: Pol-e Shalu , Pul-i-Godar , Pul-i-Sharu , ※ SOURCE for Pol-e Shalu « Von Izeh wendet sich der Weg nach Osten über den Ort Abrak zur Karavanserailruine Cahar Darreh in +760 m ü.N.N. und weiter bergab zum Karun-Übergang Pol-e Shalu, mit den Resten einer Bogenbrücke in +720 m ü.N.N. und einer Station (Abb. 10). [From Izeh, the route turns east via the village of Abrak to the caravanserai ruins of Cahar Darreh at +760 m above sea level and further downhill to the Karun crossing Pol-e Shalu, with the remains of an arched bridge at +720 m above sea level and a station (Fig. 10).] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 13 ※ SOURCE for Pul-i-Godar « Easy road to Pul-i-Godar (five hours). Chaikhanch on bridge. Good camping-ground. Fairly good road (uphill) to Qalch Madrassch. (Ruined caravanserai, first-rate grassy camping-ground.) Height at Pul-i-Godar, 2320 feet. » #3530 Vita Sackville West, Twelve Days An Account of a Journey Across the Bakhtiari Mountains in South-Western Persia, Doubleday, Doran and Co.,, 1928 ~ p. 140 ※ SOURCE for Pul-i-Sharu « Pul-i-Sharu is a caravanserai with a good shop attached, perched on a rock above the Qarun. The bridge is rather a clumsy suspension structure, made of steel, but just below it the river runs into a deep gorge, which is most impressive. The yard of the caravanserai was crowded, so I procured a room inside, instead of having the usual camp fire in the open. » #3553 R. H., The Bakhtiari Road, Journal of the Central Asian Society, 1929 ~ p. 347 Pole'abrisham Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.573843 long 56.326136 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye pel ebrisham کاروانسرای پل ابریشم VARIANT names: Pole'abrisham Caravanserai , Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala , Robat-i-Pul-i-Abrisham , ※ SOURCE for Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala « Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala an der Route Shahrud - Djo-ghatay - Neyshabur (Nishapur) (Taf. 35,4 und 36,1-36,2) (Abb. 7 und 209) (97)Lage: 24 km östlich von Robat Now Gonbad, am Ost-ufer des Kal Shur, neben Resten der zerstörten Brücke in + 4 840 m ü. N.N. gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, je einer Stallung beiderseits der Einfahrt, kreuzförmigen Räumen in den Ek-ken, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. Abmessungen: 42 × 40,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 20,30 × 20,30 m Hofabmessungen und 7,90 m re-konstruierte Portal-Fassadenhöhe (Abb. 210 und 211).fn 97 Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala wurde am 13. 10. 1994 vermessen. [Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala on the Shahrud-Djo-ghatay-Nishapur (Nishapur) route (Plates 35.4 and 36.1-36.2) (Figs. 7 and 209) (97)Location: 24 km east of Robat Now Gonbad, on the east bank of the Kal Shur River, next to the remains of the destroyed bridge at an elevation of 4,840 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, a stable on each side of the entrance, cruciform rooms in the ekken (corner halls), round corner and intermediate towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 42 × 40.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 20.30 × 20.30 m courtyard dimensions, and 7.90 m reconstructed portal facade height (Figs. 210 and 211).fn 97 Robat Pol-e Abrisham Bala was surveyed on October 13, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 113 ※ SOURCE for Robat-i-Pul-i-Abrisham « ROBAT-I-PUL-I-ABRISHAM OR ABRISHAMI-A burnt-brick caravanserai in Khorasan, 21 miles west of Sharifäbäd, on the road to Shahrüd. It is on the banks of the Kaleh-i-Müra near the upper Pul-i-Abrisham. It has no date or inscription, but is evidently of an ancient time. The water is bad, that of the river being quite undrink-able. There is a marsh here containing water, which, though very nasty, is quite drinkable. By sending to a spring 2 miles off, water can be obtain-ed that is only slightly brackish.-(Stewart.) See Pul-i-Abrisham. » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 627 Poshtpar Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.320346 long 52.848014 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi posht par کاروانسرای شاه عباسی پشت پر VARIANT names: Poshtpar Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Puhal-i-Qibleh caravanserai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 26.974434 long 55.744224 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Puhal-i-Qibleh caravanserai ? , ※ SOURCE for Puhal-i-Qibleh caravanserai ? « Puhal-i-Qibleh |1 mile west of Puhal-i-Küsh. | 20 houses of Sunnis. | There are a few dates, a little cultivation and a few cattle and sheep, also 4 water reservoirs, a ruined caravanserai and a few fishing-boats. In the neighbourhood is a salt mine which is worked. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 149 Pul-i-Fasa caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: last visible in googe earth 8/2005 VARIANT names: Pasa carauasar , Pul-i-Fasa caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Pasa carauasar « A tres leguas de camino se llegó al rio de Pasa, ... La puente que en este rio auia, que tiene elnonbre que el mesmo rio, era muy larga y por dondeapenas podria pasar un carro; ansi ella como un pe queño carauasar del mesmo nonbre que estaua junto ásu entrada, se auian hecho en virtud de un legado quedexó una muger rrica de Xiras, siendo las mas de éstasobras pias por testamentos de mugeres, como algunosde los carauasares y çisternas de que en este camino se ahecho mençion. [After three leagues of travel, we reached the Pasa River,... The bridge that stood on this river, which has the name of the river itself, was very long and over which a car could barely pass; Likewise, it, like a small carauasar of the same name that was next to its entrance, had been made by virtue of a legacy left by a rich woman from Xiras, most of these being pious works by wills of women, like some of the carauasars. and cisterns of which mention has been made on this path.] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 p. 330 ※ SOURCE for Pul-i-Fasa caravanserai « At 10 miles, cross a sluggish, muddy river, flowing through a reedy swamp. It has an old stone bridge, called the "Pool-i-Fássá," with remains of causeway at either extremity. Pass ruins of stone caravanserai on left. Here road diverges; one to the left front, leads to Fássá and Bandar Abbas; the other to Fírozábád, round foot of range of low rocky hills, in a southerly direction. On the side and top of first hill, overlooking the bridge, are the remains of an ancient fortress. » #3091 C M Macgregor, Central Asia. Part IV. A contribution towards the better knowledge of the topography, ethnology, resources, and history of Persia., Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1871 ~ p. 735 « Dopo tre leghe in circa di strada, passammo un ponte, sotto al quale allora non vi era acqua alcuna, ma in certi tempi vi suol correre un torrente che cala alle volte. dai monti d'intorno. Si chiama il ponte di Passà, perchè sta nella strada che a Passà conduce. Passa si dice volgarmente in voce questo nome, benchè nella scrittura al modo degli Arabi, i quali non hanno la P, con la F, secondo il lor costume, Fassà, o Phassà, lo sogliono scrivere. Passato quel ponte, si trova subito un caravanserai e certe case disfatte a piè di un poggio, sopra il quale si vede altre volte esservi stato un castello: ma ora ogni cosa è rovinata, ed il caravanserai ancora, benchè pur resti in piedi, è abbandonato nondimeno; il che credo che avvenga, perchè il luogo patisce di acqua. [After about three leagues of road, we passed a bridge, under which there was no water at that time, but at certain times a stream usually runs across it and sometimes drops. from the surrounding mountains. It is called the Passà bridge, because it is on the road that leads to Passà. This name is commonly spoken by voice, although in writing in the manner of the Arabs, who do not have the P, with the F, according to their custom, Fassà, or Phassà, they usually write it. Once you have crossed that bridge, you immediately find a caravanserai and some ruined houses at the foot of a hill, on which you can see that there has once been a castle: but now everything is ruined, and the caravanserai is still standing, although it remains standing. abandoned nevertheless; which I believe happens, because the place suffers from water.] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 2 p. 273 Pusht-i-Sangar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Posht-e Sangar , Pusht-i-Sangar , ※ SOURCE for Posht-e Sangar(Arch. Site) « Posht-e Sangar » in {map#1180 in #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ fig. Abb. 14 Karawanenwege zwischen Djahrom und Lar und Khondj und Lar sowie südlich und östlich von Lar} ※ SOURCE for Pusht-i-Sangar « The road leaves the plain at 2 miles, and runs up a stony and broken slope to the caravanstrai of Pusht-i-Sangar. Water from two cisterns; grazing poor; fuel nil; supplies nil. Sangars on the plateau to the N.-E. denote the origin of the name of the strai, which stands on a stony plateau of a mile broad and 5 miles long running E. and W., bounded on either side by low ridges, and drained by a deep ravine running W. from the slopes of the Küh i-Kurdeh. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p.172 « The road to Shiraz from Lar vid Jahrum leads over some steep ridges, past a serai known as Pusht-i-Sangar. Long lines of heaped-up stones in the vicinity enggest the derivation of the name; in all probability these defences are a relic of the Baluch raids stated by Sykes to have taken place in 1810. Native tradition confirms this view. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 160 « wendet und man nach Durchfurten zahlreicher Wasserläufe bei Km 14 das erste kleine Karavanserail, heute Pusht-i Sangar genannt, erreicht (Abb. 2, Taf. 1/1). Es befindet sich heute etwa 300 m östlich der modernen Straße und ist ein kleines Hofkaravanserail mit den Hafßen 16 x 16.5 m. [and after fording through numerous watercourses you reach the first small caravanserail, today called Pusht-i Sangar, at km 14 (Fig. 2, plate 1/1). It is now located about 300 m east of the modern road and is a small court caravanserail with the harbor 16 x 16.5 m.] » #3206 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., original manuscript, Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, 1984 ~ p. 2 qadjarischen K. Cahar Berkeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.649744 long 54.675599 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: GE visual cross shape covered cistern, 16m x 4m ; rectangular covered cistern 16m x 4m; open cistern 14m x 3m; possibly another rectangular cistern, 12m x 2.5m; all wsouth of caravanserai Qajar dynasty (1779–1924) VARIANT names: KM133 (Gaube) , qadjarischen K. Cahar Berkeh , ※ SOURCE for KM133 (Gaube) « KM 133: 15 Kilometer weiter nach Westen liegt der nächste Karvansarai, im Typ jenem bei KM 118 gleich, nebst zwei Zisternen. Auch er wird heute als Gendarmerieposten genutzt. [KM 133: 15 kilometers further to the west is the next Karvansarai, the same type as that at KM 118, along with two cisterns. Today it is also used as a gendarmerie post.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 45 ※ SOURCE for qadjarischen K. Cahar Berkeh « Lage: 2 km westlich des qadjarischen Karavanserails Cahar Berkeh (Gendarmeriestation, nicht betretbar), [Location: 2 km west of the Qajar caravanserail Cahar Berkeh (gendarmerie station, not accessible),] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 139 [note this reference is to the smaller caravanserai which is located 2 km west of the qadjarischen caravanserai, not surveyed by Kleiss. PBR] « (29) karawansarai 6 farsakhs. With 3 cisterns at one league there is a caravansarai. On the right at 1 league a place Dizkurd. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 Qajar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.587831 long 51.437157 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghajari کاروانسرای قاجاری VARIANT names: carvanserai , Qajar Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for carvanserai « Como la falta de sueño es lo más molesto en viaje, y queria empezar el mio con el cuerpo descansado, resolví pasar el dia siguiente en Shah Abdul Azim, tratando al efecto, y apenas amaneció, de instalarme en uno de los cuartos interiores de la carvasera, que este nombre daba nuestro Silva de Figueroa á lo que en Oriente llaman carvanserail, palabra compuesta de la voz persa carvan, y de la tártara ó persa serai, que significa palacio. En tiempo de Clavijo tal vez no las usáran aún, pues de lo contrario las mencionára, en vez de decir: [Since lack of sleep is the most troublesome thing about traveling, and I wanted to begin mine with a rested body, I resolved to spend the next day in Shah Abdul Azim, trying to settle into one of the inner rooms of the caravanserai, as our Silva de Figueroa called what in the East they call a caravanserail, a word composed of the Persian word *carvan* and the Tartar or Persian *serai*, which means palace. In Clavijo's time they may not yet have used them, for otherwise he would have mentioned them instead of saying:] » #3180 Adolfo Rivadeneyra, Viaje Al Interior De Persia, ~ vol. 2 pp. 9-10 Qal'a-i Nasghan : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Qal'a-i Nasghan , ※ SOURCE for Qal'a-i Nasghan « 2206. QAL’A-I NASHAN Original: Lat. 37º 190 N, long. 66º 170 E. Map 28. Revised: 37.31211925 N, 66.29840565 E / 37º 180 43.62928200 N, 66º 170 54.26035080 E approx. Jauzjān Province. At the end of a low sandstone ridge close to the banks of the Amū Dāryā on the road from Islām Pinja to Kilift. Description: Remains of a large brick building, probably a caravanserai.Fieldwork: 1886 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 313—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 442-3 Qal'a-i Sarkari : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Qal'a-i Sarkari , ※ SOURCE for Qal'a-i Sarkari « 2209. QAL’A-I SARKARI Original: Lat. 34º 210 N, long. 63º 420 E. Map 54. Revised: 34.33925256 N, 63.7118909 E / 34º 200 21.30920088 N, 63º 420 42.80724936 E. Herat Province. 2.5 km west of Chisht-i Sharif. Description: Remains of a caravanserai. Fieldwork: 2004–6 DAI—survey. Source: Franke and Urban 2006: 11—mention; fig. 10— plan; fig. 11—photo. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 443 Qal'at-i Mahmud : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.14339356 long 64.18734724 VARIANT names: Qal'at-i Mahmud , ※ SOURCE for Qal'at-i Mahmud « 901. QAL’AT-I MAHMUD Original: Lat. 31º 08’ N, long. 64º 12’ E. Map 97. Revised: 31.14339356 N, 64.18734724 E / 31º 08’ 36.21679908 N, 64º 11’ 14.45006760 E. Helmand Province. On the left bank of the Helmand in the Hazārjuft area north of Darwishān. Dates: Late Sasanian, 5th–7th cent. AD; Ghaznavid, 11th– 12th cent. (ceramic). Description: The remains of a large rabāt. Fieldwork: 1966 Hammond, Cambridge University— survey. Sources: 1. Bellew 1874: 183—mention. 2. Hammond 1970: 449—lists the site (no. 13) and describes the pottery types and general survey results. 3. Gazetteer 1973: I. 107—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 306 Qale Sangi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.45818 long 50.974496 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara ghale sangi (miras jacpehani yonsko) کاروانسرا قلعه سنگی (میراث جهانی یونسکو) VARIANT names: Parand caravanserai , Qale Sangi Caravanserai , Robat Karim II , ※ SOURCE for Parand caravanserai «1668-004 Parand Iran (Islamic Republic of) N35 27 29.62 E50 58 28.55 0.4 ha 45.09 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Robat Karim II « Lage: 3 km südwestlich vom Ort Robat Karim (Shahri-yar) und vom Karavanserail Robat Karim, nahe dem Über-gang über den Rudkhaneh-ye Karadj, an der Grenze der Pro-vinzen Teheran und Arak, am Wege von Teheran nach Saveh, in +1130 m ü. N.N. gelegen.Typ: Frühislamisches Robat in Form eines Hofkaravan-serails mit vier Iwanen, vorgezogenem Portal und Halbrund-türmen. Vier größere Kuppelräume sind an den Ecken ange-ordnet, ein zentraler Mittelbau ist im Hof errichtet.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 57,50 × 57,50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 13 m. [Location: 3 km southwest of the town of Robat Karim (Shahri-yar) and the Robat Karim caravanserai, near the crossing over the Rudkhaneh-ye Karaj River, on the border of the provinces of Tehran and Arak, on the road from Tehran to Saveh, at an elevation of 1130 m above sea level.Type: Early Islamic robat in the form of a courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, a projecting portal, and semicircular towers. Four larger domed rooms are arranged at the corners, and a central building is erected in the courtyard.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 57.50 × 57.50 m, height of the portal structure 13 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 130 Qal'eb Qadim von Kuhpayeh ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.338832 long 52.837694 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: Kleiss not Structural features and condition: The complex is destroyed and partially built over by other buildings, including a small caravanserai (Kouhpayeh Bazaar Caravanserai ?) VARIANT names: Qal'eb Qadim von Kuhpayeh ? , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eb Qadim von Kuhpayeh ? « Qal'eb Qadim von Kuhpayeh (Abb. 238a) (128a)Lage: Im Ortsbereich von Kuhpayeh, an der Straße von Esfahan nach Na'in und nach Khorassan.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, rechteckigen Türmen. Keine ausgewiesenen Stallungen, Räume auf allen vier Hof-seiten.Abmessungen: 70,50 x 68,00 m einschließlich der Turm-vorsprünge. 39 x 37m Hofabmessungen, Höhenmaße sind nicht bekannt.Baumaterial: Ziegelbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist zerstört und partiell durch andere Gebäude überbaut, darun-ter durch ein kleines Karavanserail.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: M. Siroux nahm eine sasanidische Erbau-ungszeit an, der Bau dürfte jedoch analog zu Anlagen wie in Bisutun (siehe Karawanenbauten in Iran, Teil I, 83) in früh-islamischer Zeit entstanden sein.fn 128a Ebenda, 196 [Qal'eb Qadim of Kuhpayeh (Fig. 238a) (128a)Location: In the village of Kuhpayeh, on the road from Isfahan to Na'in and Khorasan.Type: Farmstead with four iwans and rectangular towers. No designated stables; rooms on all four sides of the courtyard.Dimensions: 70.50 x 68.00 m including the tower projections. Courtyard dimensions: 39 x 37 m; height measurements are unknown.Building material: Brick construction.Structural features and condition: The complex is destroyed and partially built over by other buildings, including a small caravanserai.Inscriptions: None known. Dating: M. Siroux assumed a Sasanian construction period, but the structure likely originated in the early Islamic period, similar to structures like those in Bisutun (see Caravan Buildings in Iran, Part I, 83).fn 128a Ibid., 196] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 121 Qale-e-Shur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.503895 long 51.753512 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghale shor کاروانسرای قلعه شور Allegedly built in the 19th century under Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar by Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan VARIANT names: caravanserail Qaleh-Chour , Kala-i-Shur , Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur , Qale-e-Shur Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for caravanserail Qaleh-Chour « Le caravansérail Qaleh-Chour (fig. 61, site 30) indique par son nom la qualité des eaux l'ali-mentant. Un ghanat venant des montagnes voisines, traverse en effet, sur une petite distance, les terrains salés qui bordent les sols alluvionnaires du Zayandeh-roûd. A 25 km. au Sud de la ville, sur l'ancienne piste de Chiraz, le bâtiment fut construit par Hadji Mohammed Ali Khan (sous Mouzaffar-ed-Din Chah). Ce haut personnage avait là une grosse propriété de cam-pagne, maintenant très ruinée (3). Bâti au même moment, il y a une centaine d'années, l'édifice caravanier ne fut pas totalement en terre; des parties verticales, un peu mieux construites, reçurent un parement de briques cuites. Les arcs sont d'une brique (0,22) et les voûtes d'une demi-brique. A part cette carapace infime, tout le reste n'est que bourrage de terre. Il semble bien que l'écurie arrière, ruinée, ne reçut même pas cette fragile protection.fn 3C'est un enclos carré où de chaque côté d'une ruelle centrale, sont disposées quatre cours. L'une pour les services de la résidence, les autres pour les écuries, les paysans et la ferme. La résidence fréquentée à la belle saison, consiste uniquement en un vaste bala-khaneh.Le tout est en état de ruine avancée.[The Qaleh-Chour caravanserai (fig. 61, site 30) indicates by its name the quality of the waters that supply it. A ghanat (a type of river) coming from the nearby mountains crosses, for a short distance, the saline lands bordering the alluvial soils of the Zayandeh-roud. 25 km south of the town, on the old Shiraz road, the building was constructed by Haji Mohammed Ali Khan (under Muzaffar-ed-Din Shah). This high-ranking official owned a large country estate there, now in a state of considerable ruin (3). Built around the same time, about a hundred years ago, the caravanserai was not entirely made of earth; some of the vertical sections, somewhat better constructed, were faced with baked bricks. The arches are made of one brick (0.22 m) and the vaults of half a brick. Apart from this thin shell, everything else is just earth. It seems that the ruined rear stable didn't even receive this fragile protection.fn 3 It is a square enclosure where, on each side of a central alley, are four courtyards. One for the residence's services, the others for the stables, the peasants, and the farm. The residence, frequented in the summer months, consists solely of a large bala-khaneh.The whole thing is in a state of advanced ruin.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 194 ※ SOURCE for Kala-i-Shur « I was compelled, therefore, to abandon all hopes of getting further than Marg, some three parasangs distant from Julfá, and to resign myself to an idle morning. It was not till after lunch that all was ready for the start, and, bidding farewell to my kind host, Dr. Hoernle, I mounted the sorry steed assigned to me, and, with my mind filled with delightful anticipations, turned my face in the direction of Shíráz. Karapit, the head servant of the Mission, accompanied me on my way as far as the "Farewell Fountain" (rendered conspicuous by the solitary tree which stands beside it), and even for some distance beyond it, till the post-house of Marg appeared in the distance. Then he turned back, wishing us a good journey; and a monotonous ride of an hour or so brought us to our halting-place (which the muleteers, for some reason, had changed from Marg to a village somewhat further on, called Kala-i-Shúr) while it was still early in the afternoon. We put up at a dilapidated caravansaray, where nothing occurred to vary the monotony, except the arrival, some time after sunset, of a party of Jewish minstrels and dancing-boys, who were, like ourselves, bound for Shíráz. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 221 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur « Karavanserail Qal'eh Shur (Abb. 12; 271) 145Lage: 25 km südlich Esfahan (Zentrum) im Bereich der modernen Vorstadt-Siedlungen, am alten Karawanenweg von Esfahan nach Shiraz, der weiter östlich verlief als die moderne Asphaltstraße (Autobahn) Esfahan - Shahreza - Abadeh Shiraz, in der Flußebene des Zayandeh Rud auf dessen Süd-ufer, in etwa +1500 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und umlaufen-dem Stall. Keine Ecktürme, kein vorgezogener Portalbau.Abmessungen: 55,50 x 54,50 m Außenmaße, 27 x 27 m Hofabmessungen. Höhenmaße sind unbekannt.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis zur Vermes-sung durch M. Siroux gut erhalten, mittlerweile bei der Stadt-erweiterung umbaut.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Angeblich unter Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar durch Hadji Mohammad Ali Khan im 19. Jahrhun-dert erbaut. [Caravanserail Qal'eh Shur (Fig. 12; 271) 145Location: 25 km south of Esfahan (city center) in the area of ??modern suburban settlements, on the old caravan route from Esfahan to Shiraz, which ran further east than the modern asphalt road (highway) Esfahan - Shahreza - Abadeh Shiraz, in the Zayandeh Rud river plain on its southern bank, at approximately 1500 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and a surrounding stable. No corner towers, no projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 55.50 x 54.50 m external dimensions, 27 x 27 m courtyard dimensions. Elevation is unknown.Building material: Fired bricks. Architectural features and condition: Well-preserved until its survey by M. Siroux, it has since been surrounded by buildings during city expansion.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Allegedly built in the 19th century under Muzaffar ed-Din Shah Qadjar by Hajji Mohammad Ali Khan.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 137 Qal'eh Atabaki : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.304478 long 50.606889 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qal'eh Atabaki , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Atabaki « Qal'eh Atabaki (Abb. 12; 49)Lage: 3,5 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Dhor (Dar/Dor), 10 km südöstlich von Tikan, an der Strecke Esfahan - Golpayegan - Khomeyn - Hamadan - Tabriz.Typ: Hofanlage, wahrscheinlich mit vier Iwanen und Hofumgängen auf allen vier Seiten. Durch Halbrundtürme befestigt.Abmessungen: 42 x 41 m Außenmaße, ohne Turmvor-sprünge. 21 x 21 m Hofabmessung.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverband und Innenbauten aus Ziegelmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist sehr stark zerstört, die Innenbebauung weitgehend durch M. Siroux rekonstruiert (Abb. 49).Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Nach M. Siroux frühislamisch mit späteren Einbauten. [Qal'eh Atabaki (Figs. 12; 49)Location: 3.5 km northwest of the Dhor (Dar/Dor) caravanserai, 10 km southeast of Tikan, on the route Isfahan – Golpayegan – Khomeyn – Hamadan – Tabriz.Type: Courtyard complex, probably with four iwans and ambulatory walls on all four sides. Fortified by semicircular towers.Dimensions: 42 x 41 m external dimensions, excluding tower projections. Courtyard dimensions: 21 x 21 m.Building material: Rubble masonry in mortar bond and interior structures of brick.Structural features and condition: The complex is heavily damaged; the interior layout has been largely reconstructed by M. Siroux (Fig. 49).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: According to M. Siroux, early Islamic with later additions.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 32 «Atabaki 1982 - Ruined caravanserai» online reference link [accessed 29 Apr 2026] Qal'eh Lakposht an der alten Khorassanstraße : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.882505 long 53.959125 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qal'eh Lakposht an der alten Khorassanstraße , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Lakposht an der alten Khorassanstraße « Qal'eh Lakposht an der alten Khorassanstraße (Taf. 32,3 und 32,4) (Abb. 7 und 179) 83Lage: 16 km südwestlich Qusheh und 27 km nordöst-lich von Ahuan, in + 1380 m ü. N.Ν.Typ: Hofanlage, wahrscheinlich mit vier Iwanen, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen, Tor zerstört und mit einer Vor-burg versehen.Abmessungen: 76 x 76 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), Hofmaße etwa 54 x 54 m, erhaltene Mauerhöhe etwa 4,50 m. Die Vorburg hat 76 x 49 m Wallumfassung.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel (38/38/10 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark durch Ero-sion zerstörte Ruine. Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt. Datierung: In frühislamischer Zeit entstanden oder auf vorislamischen Vorgängerbau zurückgehend. Das Kopfstück eines hellgraubraunen, tönernen Leitungsrohres (Abb. 180) aus dem Bereich des Kastells und die Keramik stützen diese Zeitansetzung. Im einzelnen handelt es sich bei der Keramik um folgende Beispiele: Um innen hellgelbbraun glasierte Schüsseln (Abb. 181, links, von oben, 1., 3. und 4. Beispiel)fn 83 Qal'eh Lakposht wurde am 20. 5. 1994 aufgenommen. [Qal'eh Lakposht on the old Khorasan road (Plates 32.3 and 32.4) (Figs. 7 and 179) 83Location: 16 km southwest of Qusheh and 27 km northeast of Ahuan, at an elevation of 1380 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard complex, probably with four iwans, round corner and intermediate towers, gate destroyed, and an outer bailey.Dimensions: 76 x 76 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), courtyard dimensions approximately 54 x 54 m, remaining wall height approximately 4.50 m. The outer bailey has a 76 x 49 m rampart.Building material: Mud bricks (38/38/10 cm).Structural features and condition: Ruin heavily damaged by erosion.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Originating in the early Islamic period or derived from a pre-Islamic predecessor structure. The end piece of a light grayish-brown, clay conduit pipe (Fig. 180) from the area of ??the fort and the pottery support this dating. Specifically, the pottery includes the following examples: Bowls with a light yellowish-brown glaze on the inside (Fig. 181, left, from top, 1st, 3rd, and 4th examples).fn 83 Qal'eh Lakposht was recorded on May 20, 1994.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 96 Qaleh Naseri Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.206559 long 60.686947 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghale naseri کاروانسرای قلعه ناصری VARIANT names: Qaleh Naseri Caravanserai , Qaleh Naseri Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat .2064898576 long 61 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghale naseri کاروانسرای قلعه ناصری VARIANT names: Qaleh Naseri Caravanserai , Qal'eh Puru : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.207647 long 55.628589 VARIANT names: Dobrike , Kala Poro , Kaleh Purü , Karavanserail Qal'eh Pahlu , KM000 (Gaube) Qal'eh-ye Parū , Qal'eh Puru , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Qal'eh Puru FOR Madi [possible location.PBR], POSSIBLE LOCATION at Qal'eh Puru FOR caravanserai Guni Godsji Mahmed [possible location.PBR], ※ SOURCE for Dobrike « About an hour after Midnight, we paffed by a little covered Kervanferay, called Dobrike, which is an Agatsch and a half from Coureʃton » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 134 ※ SOURCE for Kala Poro « The road now traverses, for about 200 yards, fields of wheat and barley. We then pass a delapidated mud and stone fort, called "Kala Pôrô," inhabited by a few villagers, and cross a tract covered with short grass, generally level, but scored and furrowed, apparently by the action of running water. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 33 ※ SOURCE for Kaleh Purü « This portion of the plain is subject to occasional inundation from hill torrents. At 9 miles pass the dilapidated caravansaroi of Kaleh Purü, with cistern (dry in March 1907) and uninhabited, the fort lying half a mile to the north of the road. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 164 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Pahlu « Karavanserail Qal'eh Pahlu (Taf. 26,2) (Abb. 7; 218) (106)Lage: 11 km westlich des Karavanserails Djunguin, 4 km östlich der Straßengabelung Bandar-e Abbas-Lar und Bandar-e Abbas-Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh), 6 km östlich von Kahurestan und 10 km östlich des Karavanserails Berkch Seta, in +60 m ü.N.N., an der alten Route von Bandare Abbas nach Lar, die ab Kahurestan mit der modernen Straße weitgehend identisch ist.Typ: Hofkaravanserail ohne Iwan-Bildung. Sämtliche Räume sind von außen zugänglich. ... Neben dem Karavanserail steht eine runde Zisterne mit Spitzkuppel und sechs Zugängen. Ihr äußerer Durchmesser beträgt 13,20 m, die Höhe der Kuppel 8,60 m (Abb. 219).[Karavanserail Qal'eh Pahlu (Plate 26.2) (Fig. 7; 218) (106)Location: 11 km west of the Djunguin caravanserail, 4 km east of the Bandar-e Abbas-Lar and Bandar-e Abbas-Bandar-e Langeh (Lengeh) road fork, 6 km east of Kahurestan and 10 km east of the Berkch Seta caravanserail, in + 60 m above sea level, on the old route from Bandare Abbas to Lar, which is largely identical to the modern road from Kahurestan. Type: Court caravan serail without iwan formation. All rooms are accessible from outside. ... Next to the caravanserail there is a round cistern with a pointed dome and six entrances. Its outer diameter is 13.20 m and the height of the dome is 8.60 m (Fig. 219).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 122 ※ SOURCE for KM000 (Gaube) Qal'eh-ye Parū « KM 000: Vier Kilometer südöstlich von Seyyed Gemål ad-Din liegt der erste Karvansarai unseres Streckenabschnitts (in der hier benutzten Entfernungszählung KM 000): Qal'eh-ye Parū (Fig. 2). Das Bauwerk steht in einer Ebene zwischen Küh-e Gišü und Küh-e Pahal in ca. 50 m Höhe. [KM 000: Four kilometers southeast of Seyyed Gemål ad-Din lies the first Karvansarai of our route section (KM 000 in the distance counting used here): Qal'eh-ye Parū (Fig. 2). The structure stands on a level between Küh-e Gišü and Küh-e Pahal at a height of approx. 50 m. ] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p.39 « sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Puru « Qal‘eh Puru » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « At 9 miles pass the dilapidated caravanserai of Kaleh Puru, with cistern (dry in March 1907) and uninhabit- ed, the fort lying half a mile to the north of the road. At 10 miles a water-course, containing pools of water, is crossed, 80 yards broad, and banks 10 feet high. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ Qal'eh Zardin : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.406987 long 54.307114 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qal'eh Zardin , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Zardin « Qal'eh Zardin (Abb. 4; 61)31Lage: 80 km südwestlich von Yazd, an einem südlichen Weg von Yazd um den Gebirgsstock von Tezerdjan (Tezer-lu) herum nach Deh Shir, Abarkuh und Shiraz, sowie an den Pisten über Bard-e Shiraz nach Shiraz und über Herat nach Neyriz (Provinz Fars). Die burgähnliche Anlage liegt in + 2280 m ü. N. N., am Südrand des Gebirgszuges.Typ: Hofanlage mit allseitig umgebenden Räumen in zwei Geschossen, mit leicht vorgezogenem Portalbau und vier runden Ecktürmen. Es handelt sich um kein Karavan-serail, sondern eher um ein Gebäude mit Sicherungsfunk-tion am Schnittpunkt von Karawanenwegen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 52 x 38 m, Hofabmessungen 39,50 × 25,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 7 m, Höhe der Türme 9 m (Abb. 62).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lehmpackungen auf Bruchsteinbanketten, unter Verwendung gebrannter Ziegel (21/21/5 cm). Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn31 Qal'eh Zardin wurde am 4.3.1992 vermessen. - AMI 26, 1993, 273 ff [Qal'eh Zardin (Fig. 4; 61)31Location: 80 km southwest of Yazd, on a southern road leading from Yazd around the Tezerdjan (Tezer-lu) mountain range to Deh Shir, Abarkuh, and Shiraz, as well as on the tracks via Bard-e Shiraz to Shiraz and via Herat to Neyriz (Fars Province). The castle-like structure lies at an elevation of 2280 m above sea level, on the southern edge of the mountain range.Type: Courtyard complex with rooms surrounding the main building on two floors, featuring a slightly projecting gateway and four round corner towers. It is not a caravanserai, but rather a building with a security function at the intersection of caravan routes.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 52 x 38 m, courtyard dimensions 39.50 × 25.50 m, building height 7 m, tower height 9 m (Fig. 62).Building material: Mud bricks and clay infill on rubble stone foundations, using fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qadjar, 19th century.fn31 Qal'eh Zardin was surveyed on March 4, 1992. - AMI 26, 1993, 273 ff.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 45 Qal'eh-i-Ali Akbar Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.523971 long 52.588036 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ali Akbar Khani , Qal'eh-i-Ali Akbar Khan , ※ SOURCE for Ali Akbar Khani « ALI AKBAR KHANI-LAT. 29° 33' N. LONG. 52° 36' E. ELEV.A caravanserai and village near Shiraz, on road to Būshire. (Ross.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 41 ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh-i-Ali Akbar Khan « Qal'eh-i-Ali Akbar Khan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948} Qale'reze Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.784933 long 48.153467 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghale razeh کاروانسرای قلعه رزه VARIANT names: Birinjzar caravanserai , Qale'reze Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Birinjzar caravanserai « BIRINJZAR-A caravanserai, 74 miles from Khurramābād to Dizfül via the Gialan pass, the walls of which are only about 4 feet high. The stream, Färiäb, passes near here. The mountain opposite Giālān is called Kabir Küh, to the left of which are the Sagwand summer quarters. Great quantities of loose stone on the road here. A good stream, flowing north-west a nil fordable, runs between this and Razeh, called Ab-i-Zal. It is 24 miles from the northern foot of this pass; 36 miles from Nasrabad. There used to be a telegraph office, on the Khurramabad-Dizfül line, but the line was des-troyed by Lurs and has not since been restored.-(Bell-Cuningham.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 164 Qale'reze Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.7849 long 48.15348 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Qale'reze Caravanserai کاروانسرای قلعه رزه VARIANT names: Kaleh Riza sarai , Qale'reze Caravanserai , Straßenstation Qal'eh Razan , ※ SOURCE for Kaleh Riza sarai « Kaleh Riza has a ruined saral and telegraph office. » #3520 Routes in Persia Volume III, Part 2, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1916 ~ p. 147 ※ SOURCE for Straßenstation Qal'eh Razan « Straßenstation Qal'eh Razan (Taf. 1,1) (Abb. 4; 20)%Lage: Das Gebäude steht in +360 m ü.N.N. auf einer Anhöhe, 48 km nördlich von Andimeshk. Eine weitere Ruine steht in unmittelbarer Nähe. Die Station kontrolliert die Hauptkarawanenroute von Khuzestan (Ahvaz und Dezful) über Khorramabad nach Zentral-Iran.Typ: Das Gebäude hat den Plan eines Hofkaravanserails mit einem Eingang, vier Ecktürmen und zusätzlichen Türmen an der südlichen und an der östlichen Außenmauer. Es handelt sich um eine Wegstation, die in zweiter Verwendung als Gendarmerieposten diente.Abmessungen: 37,50 x 27 m (einschließlich der Türme),Hofabmessungen 19,20 x 11,60 m. Vor dem Gebäude er-streckt sich eine 28 m lange und 21 m breite Terrasse mit Hangstützmauer, die aus älteren Gebäudeteilen besteht.Baumaterial: Der Bau ist in Bruchsteinmauerwerk errichtet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist teilweise zerstört. Die erhaltenen Teile zeigen hohe Mauern mit Lichtschlitzen, Schießscharten und abgerundeten Zinnen (Abb. 21).Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in spätqadjarischer Zeit erbaut. [1. CARAVAN BUILDINGS IN KHUZESTANQal'eh Razan Road Station (Plate 1.1) (Fig. 4; 20%)Location: The building stands at an elevation of 360 m above sea level on a hill, 48 km north of Andimeshk. Another ruin is located nearby. The station controlled the main caravan route from Khuzestan (Ahvaz and Dezful) via Khorramabad to central Iran.Type: The building has the plan of a courtyard caravanserail with one entrance, four corner towers, and additional towers on the southern and eastern outer walls. It was originally a road station that later served as a gendarmerie post. Dimensions: 37.50 x 27 m (including the towers),Courtyard dimensions: 19.20 x 11.60 m. A 28 m long and 21 m wide terrace with a retaining wall, constructed from older building components, extends in front of the building.Building material: The structure is built of rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The complex is partially destroyed. The remaining sections show high walls with slit windows, loopholes, and rounded crenellations (Fig. 21).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the late Qajar period.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 21 Qara Rabat, Ardawan : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.666661 long 62.116669 VARIANT names: Qara Rabat, Ardawan , ※ SOURCE for Qara Rabat, Ardawan « 2214. QARA RABAT, ARDAWAN Lat. 34º 400 N, long. 62º 070 E. Maps 43, 52. Herat Province. 18.5 km from Dūāb on the south side of Ardawān Pass, 3 km from Kush Rabāt (Site 641) to the right of the route to Rabāt-i Sangi (Site 950). Description: A heap of stones, the site of a former caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1884 Maitland, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Maitland 1888a: 1641—mention. 2. Maitland and Drummond 1888: 62—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 443 Qara Rabat, Hazrat-i Baba : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.683314 long 62.399994 VARIANT names: Qara Rabat, Hazrat-i Baba , ※ SOURCE for Qara Rabat, Hazrat-i Baba « 2213. QARA RABAT, HAZRAT-I BABA Lat. 34º 410 N, long. 62º 240 E. Maps 43, 53. Herat Province. 9 km from Hazrāt-i Bābā on the route to Palikzār. Description: An old, ruined baked brick caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Peacocke 1887a: 185—mention. 2. Maitland 1887c: 478—mentions it as a heap of ruins only. 3. Peacocke 1887c: 491—mentions ruins. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 443 Qasemabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.517632 long 57.849527 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghasm abad کاروانسرای قاسم آباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qasem Abad , Qasemabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qasem Abad « Karavanserail Qasem Abad (Qassemabad) (Abb. 5) (113)Lage: Etwa 48 km nordöstlich von Nignan und erwa 65 km südwestlich Yunesi, am Weg von Tabas nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Nicht besucht und nicht vermessen. fn 113 Ebenfalls von Einheimischen in Asfak genannt. [Qasem Abad Caravanserai (Qassemabad) (Fig. 5) (113) Location: Approximately 48 km northeast of Nignan and about 65 km southwest of Yunesi, on the road from Tabas to Torbat-e Heydariyeh. Not visited and not surveyed. fn 113 Also mentioned by locals in Asfak.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 72 Qasr Shirin Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.513124 long 45.579563 Supplement: karvansaraye ghasr shirin کاروانسرای قصر شیرین VARIANT names: Kisra Shereen Caravanserai , Kusra Shireen caravanserai-shah , Qasr Shirin Caravanserai , Qasr Shirin Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kisra Shereen Caravanserai « We turned abruptly round a projecting point of the hill, and came suddenly in sight of the caravanserai of Kisra Shereen, which, from this distance, had the appearance of a strong fortification.The ground in the neighbourhood of the caravanserai is so covered with stones, that we had great difficulty in finding a place to encamp on. We at length discovered a small level spot, of extent just sufficient for our party. It was situate on the banks of the river, which, in consequence of the melt-ing of the snows in the mountains, was swollen to a considerable size, and, forcing its way through large disjointed masses of rocks, rushed past us with roaring impetuosity.This small space was surrounded on three sides by a semicircular range of hills, at the top of which were the ruins of the ancient city of Kisra Shereen. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 pp. 303-3 ※ SOURCE for Kusra Shireen caravanserai-shah « Kusra Shireen, a small village of twenty-eight houses, with a caravanserai-shah in pretty good condition, is situated on the side of a mountain, at the foot of which flows the Dialla. » #3433 Ferrier, J. P., Caravan journeys and wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan; with historical notices of the countries lying between Russia and India, J. Murray, London, 1857 ~ p. 12 ※ SOURCE for Qasr Shirin Caravanserai « Going for three hours more on the same course, having all the way barren and hilly ground, we arrived just before noon at Kassr-Shirine; and about a quarter of an hour before entering it, we touehed at a bend of the rh'er coming from that place, without crossing its stream in our way. We found at the caravanserai a drove of asses, laden with salt, which had been brought from Mendeli, and was transporting to Kerrund: it was of the rock kind, and was said to be procured in abundance from salt-mines in that neighbourhood. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 37 « The modem town of Kaasr-Shirine consists of about fifty dwellings, enclosed within a wan of mud and stone, between the ruins of the old palace and the river. The khan, however, which is outside this enclosure, is large and commodious; in its construction were used a large quantity of square red bricks, similar to those seen at Modain, and taken probably from the ruins above. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 41 Qasr-e Bahram Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.765276 long 52.177139 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghasr bacperam کاروانسرای قصر بهرام VARIANT names: Karavanserail Abbasabad/Siahkuh , Qasr-e Bahram Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Abbasabad/Siahkuh « Karavanserail Abbasabad/Siahkuh (Taf. 25,1-25,4) (Abb.7 und 136) (65) am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad am Kaspischen MeerLage: Der Bau steht 104 km vom südöstlichen Stadtrand von Teheran (Meydan-e Khorassan) und 86 km südöstlich von Pishva bei Varamin, rund 16 km südlich des Südendes des safavidischen Pflasterweges (Rah Sang Farsh) in + 1150 m ü.N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, zwei Eingangsportalen, vier Eck- und zwei Zwi-schentürmen. Über dem nördlichen Portal eine Kuppel (Abb. 137) und in der westlichen Iwan-Anlage ein »Piano Nobile (Abb. 138), darunter befindet sich ein Kellerraum.Abmessungen: 68 x 60 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-ge), 38,50 × 30,40 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Kuppel-scheitels 9 m (Abb.139) und normale Außenhöhe 7,10-5,80 m in fallendem Gelände (Abb. 140). Die Höhe des Nord-portals beträgt 8,90 m, die des Südportals 9,10m. fn 65 Das Karavanserail Abbasabad/Siahkuh wurde am 3. und am 5. 10. 1976 vermessen. Zum benachbarten Haramserail siehe AMI 13, 1980, 179ff. [Abbasabad/Siahkuh Caravanserai (Plates 25.1–25.4) (Figs. 7 and 136) (65) on the Safavid Royal Road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian SeaLocation: The structure stands 104 km from the southeastern outskirts of Tehran (Meydan-e Khorasan) and 86 km southeast of Pishva near Varamin, approximately 16 km south of the southern end of the Safavid paved road (Rah Sang Farsh) at an elevation of 1150 m above sea level.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, two entrance portals, four corner towers, and two intermediate towers. A dome (Fig. 137) stands above the northern portal, and a piano nobile (Fig. 138) is located in the western iwan complex, beneath which lies a cellar. ``` Dimensions: 68 x 60 m external dimensions (excluding overhangs), 38.50 × 30.40 m courtyard dimensions, height of the dome apex 9 m (Fig. 139) and normal external height 7.10–5.80 m on sloping terrain (Fig. 140). The height of the north portal is 8.90 m, that of the south portal 9.10 m.fn 65 The Abbasabad/Siahkuh caravanserai was surveyed on October 3 and 5, 1976. For the neighboring haramserai, see AMI 13, 1980, pp. 179ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 79 ※ SOURCE for Qasr-e Bahram Caravanserai «1668-024 Qasr-e Bahrām Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 45 55.01 E52 10 37.69 0.65 ha 769.49 ha» online reference link [accessed 27 Dec 2025] Qavamabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 30.118502 long 52.980758 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qavamabad (Qavam Abad) Caravanserai , Qavamabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Qavamabad (Qavam Abad) Caravanserai « Karavanserail Qavamabad (Qavam Abad) (Taf. 11,3; 12,1.2) (Abb. 5; 119) (85)Lage: 12 km nördlich Sivand und etwa 18 km südwest-lich von Madar-e Suleiman (Pasargadae), in +1750 m ü. N. N., an der mittelalterlichen Route von Esfahan nach Shiraz, die seit dem modernen Ausbau mit dem Verlauf derAsphaltstraße wieder identisch ist. Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, fünf Stallabtei-lungen und zwei Wohnhöfen in den nördlichen Ecken des Gebäudes, mit von innen und von außen zugängigen Toilet-ten. fn. 85 The Qavamabad caravanserai was surveyed on September 3, 1991. [ 570 / 5,000 Qavamabad Caravanserai (Qavam Abad) (Plates 11.3; 12.1.2) (Fig. 5; 119) (85)Location: 12 km north of Sivand and about 18 km southwest of Madar-e Suleiman (Pasargadae), at +1750 m above sea level, on the medieval route from Isfahan to Shiraz, which, since modern reconstruction, has again aligned with the asphalt road. Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, five stables, and two residential courtyards in the northern corners of the building, with toilets accessible from both inside and outside. fn. 85 The Qavamabad caravanserai was surveyed on September 3, 1991.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 68 Qelli caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.153287 long 56.92081 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat-e Gili , Qelli caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Gili « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, runden Eck-und Courtinentürmen und dreiseitiger Stallung in zwei getrennten Abteilungen. Der Portalbau ist vor die Fassade vorgezogen.Abmessungen: 45×36m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge, 20,50 × 12,70 m Hofabmessungen und 8,40 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 16). [Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, round corner and curtain towers, and a three-sided stable in two separate sections. The gatehouse projects from the facade.Dimensions: 45 × 36 m external dimensions without projections, 20.50 × 12.70 m courtyard dimensions, and 8.40 m height of the gatehouse (Fig. 16).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 20 ※ SOURCE for Qelli caravanserai «1668-010 Qelli Iran (Islamic Republic of) N37 9 11.86 E56 55 14.67 0.2 ha 83.71 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Qil'a-i-Madar-i-Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: This locationis 2.47 kms at bearing 135 from the official « Qal`eh Madreseh NIMA/GNS feature: PPL UFI: 14707126 » and is based on the description of R. Burn in 1894. VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qal'eh Madrasseh/Madresseh , Qaleh Madrasseh , Qil'a-i-Madar-i-Shah , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qal'eh Madrasseh/Madresseh « Karavanserail Qal'eh Madrasseh/Madresseh (Taf. 2,1) (Abb. 4)28Lage: Am Bakhtiarenweg (Ahvaz Esfahan), 9 km westlich Pol-e Shalu und 28 km östlich von Izeh (Malamir) in +760 m ü.N.N. gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail, soweit in ruinösem Zustand zu erkennen ist.Abmessungen: nicht vermessen.Baumaterial: Der Bau ist in gemörteltem Bruchstein-mauerwerk errichtet.stört. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau ist in spätsafavidischer oder qadja-rischer Zeit erbaut worden. » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Qaleh Madrasseh « The path follows the stream bed through a gorge known as TANG-I-KAF rising gradually. At 9 miles reach the tuins of QALEH MADRASSEH oZ8197; this is an ancient caravanserai mentioned in his travels by the famous Arab Historien IBN BATUTA. There are also 2 newer buildings in feir state of preservation, but abandoned. They served as a gendarmerie post. The road swings sharply right and follows another gorge, narrower and steeper than the preceding one;it is known as Teng-i-Qaleh Madrasseh. » #3559 Coll 28/130 ‘Persia. Tribal situation and recommended policy.’, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3546, in Qatar Digital Library, 1941-5 ~ p. 82/91 ※ SOURCE for Qil'a-i-Madar-i-Shah « After a few miles we reached a sort of ridge connecting the hills on either side. From the top we saw a rather narrow valley with low hills on either side, and plunging into it, found the descent rough, especially at the end, where we came on two gorges branching north-west and north-by-east, there being a ruined fort called the Qil'a-i-Madar-i-Shah, the usual halting place at the junction. » #3563 Burn, R., The Bakhtiari Hills, an Itinerary of the road from Isfahan to Shustar, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 1897 vol. LXVI:pp 170-9 ~ p. 176 Qizil Ribat : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 34.191788 long 45.143089 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: representative location to mark several caravanserai. exact location not found and no indication from google earth VARIANT names: Kazrabad caravanserai , Qizil Ribat , ※ SOURCE for Kazrabad caravanserai « We orot to Kazrabad about sunrise, and I was put to bed on the roof of a caravanserai. Here I dozed away the whole day. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 456 ※ SOURCE for Qizil Ribat « 75 Qizil Ribāt. T., P.O. Several caravanserais on the farther side of the town. Supplies plentiful in normal times, Water abundant. Good grazing. Fuel scarce. camels. About 50 other transport animals could be collected daily. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 188 Qoosheh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.960927 long 54.044964 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghosheh کاروانسرای قوشه VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qusheh , Kooshea Caravanserai , Qoosheh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qusheh « Karavanserail Qusheh an der Khorassanstraße (Taf. 33,1) (Abb. 7, 182 und 182 a)Lage: 40 km südwestlich Damghan in + 1350 m ü. N.N., an einem Abzweig eines Weges nach Kiyasar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Stallungen auf drei Seiten, die nur vom Eingangs-Kuppelraum aus zu-gänglich sind. Runde Eck- und Zwischentürme, vorgezoge-ner Portalbau mit vier Räumen im Obergeschoß. Gegenüber dem Portal ein rechteckiger Abanbar als Ruine erhalten (Abb. 182 a).Abmessungen: 48,50 × 48,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 19 × 18,50 mHofabmessungen und Höhe des Portalbaus 11,20 m (Abb. 183). vonBaumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Auf dem westli-chen Eckturm steht ein runder Beobachtungsturm mit Kup-peldeckung.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. [Qusheh Caravanserai on the Khorasan Road (Plate 33.1) (Figs. 7, 182, and 182a)Location: 40 km southwest of Damghan at 1350 m above sea level, at a junction of a road to Kiyasar.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and stables on three sides, accessible only from the entrance domed hall. Round corner and intermediate towers, projecting portal building with four rooms on the upper floor. Opposite the portal, a rectangular abanbar remains as a ruin (Fig. 182a).Dimensions: 48.50 × 48.50 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 19 × 18.50 m interior.Courtyard dimensions and height of the portal building: 11.20 m (Fig. 183). fromBuilding material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: A round observation tower with a cupola roof stands on the westerncorner tower.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Probably Safavid, 17th century.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 101 ※ SOURCE for Kooshea Caravanserai « Kooshea, a caravanserai and post-house; distant a quarter of a mile is an old caravanserai, partly in ruins. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 40 Qotb'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207235 , Qotb'abad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207235 EAMENA-0207235 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Qotbol'arefin Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.650217 long 55.815835 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye konpan ghatab oloarefin کاروانسرای کهن قطب العارفین VARIANT names: Qotbol'arefin Caravanserai , Qozluq Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.699853 long 54.578472 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghazalgh کاروانسرای قزلق VARIANT names: Kuzluk caravanserai , Qozluq Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Kuzluk caravanserai « At 18 miles from Tásh there was a small caravanserai, named Rabat Sajid, but so dilapidated and filthy as to be unfit for habitation. Two miles beyond this place the crest of Sar-i-Aliabad (1) was reached, and a magnificent view obtained over the forest-clad mountains to the plain of Astrabad. Five more, in which a descent of at least 4000 feet was made, by a winding and precipitous road, through the most charming scenery, brought me to the caravanserai of Kuzluk. (2) It was so ruined and dirty, however, that I bivouacked under the trees. fn 1 Estimated by Khanikoff at 2007 imètres. fn 2 Kuzluk was M. Khanikoff's first stage from Astrabad. He says he slept there. among ruins, the village itself being remarkable for the number of leopards found in the caves of the deep wooded ravines north of the cultivation. » #1745 Quartermaster-Sergeant Bower; F. Goldsmid, Memorandum on the Route from Shahrúd, viâ Kothal Vijmanun, to Astrabad and Bandar-i-Gez, in Persia, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, London, 1872-3, 17:3:193-5 ~ p. 194 Qurdik Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.691182 long 44.678599 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghordik کاروانسرای قوردیک VARIANT names: Karavanserails bei Shuruk , Qurdik Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails bei Shuruk « Ruine des Karavanserails bei Shuruk (Taf. 2, 1.2), am Wege zwischen Khoy und Zuhrabad (Abb. 4 und 26)24Lage: Das Gebäude liegt 36 km nordwestlich von Khoy in Paßlage neben einer Quelle am Wege von Khoy nach Do-gubayazit.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen in der Haupt-achse und hervorgehobenen Eingängen in der Querachse. 4 winkelförmige Eckräume und 2 Räume in den Seitentrakten. Eingang auf der Südwestseite.Abmessungen: Außen 46,40 × 52,20 m, Hofmaße 34 x 24 m, Mauerstärke 1,20 m. [Ruins of the caravanserail near Shuruk (Plate 2, 1.2), on the road between Khoy and Zuhrabad (Figs. 4 and 26)24 Location: The building is situated 36 km northwest of Khoy in a mountain pass next to a spring on the road from Khoy to Do-gubayazit. Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans on the main axis and prominent entrances on the transverse axis. Four angled corner rooms and two rooms in the side wings. Entrance on the southwest side. Dimensions: Exterior 46.40 × 52.20 m, courtyard dimensions 34 × 24 m, wall thickness 1.20 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 26 Rabat Castle Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.128744 long 53.263331 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ghale rabat کاروانسرای قلعه رباط VARIANT names: Rabat Castle Caravanserai , Rabat Chahek Mousavieh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.281235 long 58.910167 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat tarikhi chanpak mosoyeh رباط تاریخی چاهک موسویه VARIANT names: Rabat Chahek Mousavieh , rabat dinarzari : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.330221 long 56.021456 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat dinarzari رباط دینارزاری VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat-e Dasht , rabat dinarzari , Ribat-i Dahana-yi Dasht , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Dasht « Karavanserail Robat-e Dasht (Abb. 3 und 12) (3)Der Bau entspricht dem in Khorasan häufig auftreten den Typ des turmbewehrten Gebäudes mit relativ engem Hof und quer vorgelagertem Stallbereich. Die Lage des Gebäudes nördlich beim Dorf Dasht ist nicht genauer ange-geben. Analog zu den Robaten Qarah Bil und Eshq sowie Robat-e Gili liegt es an der südlichen Route von Gorgan nach Tus und Mashhad, 35 km westlich von Robat-e Qarah BilDer Bau hat in den Außenmaßen eine Größe von 75x65 m (ohne Vorsprünge) und einen 20 x 20 m weiten Hof (Abb. 12).fn 3 Ein Umrifiplan des Ribat-e Dasht ist von R. O'Kane, Timurid Archi-tecture in Khurasan, 1987, Abb. 40,1 vorgelegt. [50MAbba Rabat Dashn, UmeiniglanCaravanserail Robat-e Dasht (Figs. 3 and 12) (3)The structure is typical of Khorasan: a tower-fortified building with a relatively narrow courtyard and a transverse stable area in front. The building's location north of the village of Dasht is not specified. Similar to the Robat-e Qarah Bil and Robat-e Eshq, as well as Robat-e Gili, it lies on the southern route from Gorgan to Tus and Mashhad, 35 km west of Robat-e Qarah Bil.The building has external dimensions of 75 x 65 m (excluding projections) and a 20 x 20 m courtyard (Fig. 12). fn 3 A redesign plan of the Ribat-e Dasht is presented by R. O'Kane, Timurid Architecture in Khurasan, 1987, Fig. 40.1.Yo] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 18 ※ SOURCE for Ribat-i Dahana-yi Dasht « The modern town of Dasht is sited at the castern end of the Jurjān defile, about 3km S of the asphalt road (Adamec, Meshed. p. 143). Near where the road branches off to Dasht are the crumbling, overgrown remains of a large rectangular building with a square courtyard (Fig. 40.1, Pl. 40.1). The building materials are rubble with hard, white mortar, there being no evidence of brick. The ruins of a pishtaq on the E side and of projecting towers at the corners suggest that this is the fourth caravansaray of the route. The site is today called Pukhl-i Qal'a by the inhabitants of Dasht. » #3707 Bernard O'Kane, Timurid Architecture in Khurasan, 1987 ~ p. 288 rabat zangicheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.804098 long 57.491301 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat zangicheh رباط زنگیچه VARIANT names: rabat zangicheh , Robat-e Sang-e Shah , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sang-e Shah « Robat-e Sang-e Shah (Abb. 5) (96)Lage: 105 km nordöstlich von Shir Geshk, 50 km nordöstlich des Ortes Bam und 85 km südwestlich von Menar Tepe, an den Pisten von Neyshabur nach Tabas und Yazd, die sich hier trennen. Ein großes Karavanserail aus dem 19. Jahrhundert (1863) ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen.Zwischen Robat-e Sang-e Shah und Menartepe verläuft der Karawanenweg auf dem Landrücken zwischen der Dasht-e Kavir und dem östlich gelegenen Becken der Kavir-e Namak.fn 96 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 573. [Robat-e Sang-e Shah (Fig. 5) (96)Location: 105 km northeast of Shir Geshk, 50 km northeast of the town of Bam, and 85 km southwest of Menar Tepe, on the tracks from Neyshabur to Tabas and Yazd, which diverge here. A large caravanserai from the 19th century (1863) is documented, but not surveyed. Between Robat-e Sang-e Shah and Menar Tepe, the caravan route runs along the ridge between the Dasht-e Kavir and the Kavir-e Namak basin to the east.fn 96 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 573.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 58 Rabat-e Tangi `Azab : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Rabat-e Tangi `Azab , Rabate Tangi Azaw , Rabat-e Tangi Azaw , Tangi-Azau , رباط تنگی ازاو , VARIANT names: Rabat-e Tangi `Azab , Rabat-i Audan : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 36.56702821 long 65.32417065 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Audan , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Audan « 2219. RABAT-I AUDAN Original: Lat. 36º 370 N, long. 65º 250 E. Map 24. Revised: 36.56702821 N, 65.32417065 E / 36º 340 01.30155240 N, 65º 190 27.01432920 E approx. Faryāb Province. 41 km from Shibarghān on the road to Daulatābād. Description: A ruined caravanserai with a large domed cistern. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 108—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 444 Rabat-i Chawni : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Chawni , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Chawni « 2221. RABAT-I CHAWNI Lat. 34.30087624 N, long. 63.98049456 E / 34º 180 03,15445500 N, 63º 580 49.78041672 E. Map 54. Herat Province. In the mountains south of the Hari Rūd near Qarya-i Khārzār, 25 km from the Qal’a-i Sarkāri caravanserai. Description: A ruined caravanserai. Fieldwork: 2004–6 Franke and Urban, DAI—survey. Source: Franke » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 444 Rabat-i Ghandau : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.50604605 long 62.17014573 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Ghandau , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Ghandau « 2222. RABAT-I GHANDAU Original: Lat. 34º 290 N, long. 62º 100 E. Map 52. Revised: 34.50604605 N, 62.17014573 E / 34º 300 21.76576632 N, 62º 100 12.52462548 E. Herat Province. 5.6 km from Parwāna in a hollow to the left of the road to Sinjau. Description: Ruins of an old caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 191—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 444 Rabat-i Mirza : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.71710142 long 62.12665259 VARIANT names: Rabat-i Mirza , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Mirza « 946. RABAT-I MIRZA Original: Lat. 34º 43’ N, long. 62º 08’ E. Map 43. Revised: 34.71710142 N, 62.12665259 E / 34º 43’ 01.56511524 N, 62º 07’ 35.94932436 E. Herat Province. 47 km north of Herat, 2 km to the east of the road to Kushk. Date: Timurid, 15th cent. (epigraphic). Description: A baked brick caravanserai, once very fine but now probably completely ruined. An Arabic inscription was seen lying outside the entrance in 1884 with the name of Sultān Husain Mirza and the date 111 AH [sic]. Fieldwork: 1884 Maitland, ABC—topographical survey » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 320 Rabat-i Sangardan : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.85030289 long 61.87315536 VARIANT names: Rabat-i Sangardan , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Sangardan « 949. RABAT-I SANGARDAN Original: Lat. 34º 51’ N, long. 61º 53’ E. Map 42. Revised: 34.85030289 N, 61.87315536 E / 34º 51’ 01.09039896 N, 61º 52’ 23.35930356 E. Herat Province. Halfway between Sang Kotal and Qarabāgh on the road to Gulrān from Herat. Description: An old ruined caravanserai. Sources: 1. Maitland and Drummond 1888: 40—mention. 2. C. E. Yate 1888: 68—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 321 Rabat-i Sapcha : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.1570075 long 62.22498038 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Sapcha , Rabat-i Shurau : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.083337 long 63.25 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Shurau , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Shurau « 2224. RABAT-I SHURAU Lat. 35º 050 N, long. 63º 150 E. Map 53. Herat Province. 14.5 km from Rabāt-i Mir Dāūd on road to Bichagai (east). Description: A ruined caravanserai and ziyārat. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 218—mention » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 444 Rabat-i Surkh, Herat : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Rabat-i Surkh, Herat , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Surkh, Herat « 2225. RABAT-I SURKH, HERAT Original: Lat. 35º 040 N, long. 61º 300 E. Map 42. Revised: 35.05016025 N, 61.63890213 E / 35º 030 00.57688560 N, 61º 380 20.04767160 E approx. Herat Province. On the pass separating Ghuriyān and Bādghis, south-west of Gulrān. Description: A small fort or caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1884-85 Peacocke and Maitland, ABC— topographical survey. Sources: 1. Maitland 1888a: 151—mention. 2. Peacocke 1887a: 121—mention. 3. Maitland 1887a: 448—brief description. 4. Peacocke 1887b: 453—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 445 Rabat-i Yan Chashma : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.70635033 long 63.47319716 VARIANT names: Rabat-i Yan Chashma , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i Yan Chashma « 952. RABAT-I YAN CHASHMA Or RABAT-I GALLA CHASHMA. Original: Lat. 35º 43’ N, long. 63º 29’ E. Map 44. Revised: 35.70635033 N, 63.47319716 E / 35º 42’ 22.86120312 N, 63º 28’ 23.50976232 E. Bādghis Province. In the Qarāwal Khāna Valley c.28 km east of its junction with the Murghāb River. Description: Ruins of an old baked brick rabāt and cistern, surrounded by many mounds and a wide scatter of building debris. Fieldwork: 1886 Maitland, Peacocke, ABC—topographical surveys. Sources: 1. Pioneer, 3 July 1886—brief description. 2. Peacocke 1887c: 115 and 326—mention. 3. Maitland and Drummond 1888: 97—mention. 4. Maitland 1888b: 142—brief description. 5. Gazetteer 1975: III. 129—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 321 Rahmatabad Station : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.118221 long 49.757596 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not located VARIANT names: Rahmatabad Station , ※ SOURCE for Rahmatabad Station « Rahmatabad, Station nordöstlich Takestan (Abb. 4 und 114) (85)Lage: 30km südwestlich von Qazvin, an der Straße von Qazvin nach Hamadan, in + 1220 m ü. N.N., etwa 10km nordöstlich von Takestan.Typ: Hofanlage mit Räumen und Stallungen auf zwei Hofseiten und einem Teehaus (Cay Khaneh) auf der östlichen Langseite.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 33,20 × 31,10 (mit Teehaus), Hofmaße 26,80 × 14,40 m, Mauerstärke 0,60-1,00 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stallungen sind stark zerstört. Cay Khaneh verlassen und beschädigt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Spätqadjarisch bis frühpahlavidisch, 20. Jahrhundert. fn 85 Die Station wurde am 10. 4. 1986 vermessen. Das zum Baukomplex gehörende Cay-Khaneh konnte nicht vermessen werden, auch kein Schnitt durch die Anlage, weil der Betreiber des Kaffee-Hauses ableh-nende Haltung einnahm. [Rahmatabad Station northeast of Takestan (Figs. 4 and 114) (85)Location: 30 km southwest of Qazvin, on the road from Qazvin to Hamadan, at an elevation of 1220 m above sea level, approximately 10 km northeast of Takestan.Type: Farmstead with rooms and stables on two sides and a teahouse (Cay Khaneh) on the eastern long side.Dimensions: External dimensions 33.20 × 31.10 m (including teahouse), courtyard dimensions 26.80 × 14.40 m, wall thickness 0.60–1.00 m.Building material: Brick masonry.Structural features and condition: The stables are heavily damaged. The Cay Khaneh is abandoned and damaged.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Late Qajar to early Pahlavid, 20th century.fn 85 The station was surveyed on April 10, 1986. The Cay-Khaneh (coffee house) belonging to the complex could not be surveyed, nor could a cross-section of the site be taken, because the operator of the coffee house refused.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 71 Rashti Aqda Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.44077 long 53.630956 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaray_ rashti aghda كاروانسراى رشتی عقدا VARIANT names: Karavanserail Aqda , Rashti Aqda Caravanserai , Rashti caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Aqda « Karavanserail Aqda (Abb. 4; 26)Lage: 17 km südöstlich von Cah Now (Chahnow) und 41 km nordwestlich von Ardakan, sowie rund 40 km nord-westlich von Meybod, der nächsten Station auf dem direk-ten Weg von Na'in nach Yazd, in + 1140 m ü. N. Ν.Das Karavanserail hat auf der Außenseite Arkaden und dem Karavanserail-Portal gegenüber steht eine architekto-nisch aufwendige Zisterne (Abanbar). Die Anlage ent-spricht darin etwa dem Karavanserail von Ardakan. [Aqda Caravanserail (Figs. 4; 26)Location: 17 km southeast of Cah Now (Chahnow) and 41 km northwest of Ardakan, and approximately 40 km northwest of Meybod, the next stop on the direct route from Na'in to Yazd, at an elevation of 1140 m above sea level.The caravanserail features arcades on its exterior, and opposite the caravanserail portal stands an architecturally elaborate cistern (abanbar). The structure is similar in design to the Ardakan Caravanserail.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 25 ※ SOURCE for Rashti caravanserai «1668-049 Rashti Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 26 26.6 E53 37 51.79 0.5 ha 9.54 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Rey Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.588799 long 51.437161 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi ri کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ری VARIANT names: Rey Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , Reyvand Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.205544 long 57.329538 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansara riond کاروانسرا ریوند VARIANT names: Karavanserail Rivand , Reyvand Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Rivand « Abmessungen: 55,50×53m Außenmaße ohne den Portalvorsprung, 26,30 × 23,80 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus 11,30 m (Abb. 23). [Dimensions: 55.50 × 53 m external dimensions without the portal projection, 26.30 × 23.80 m courtyard dimensions, height of the portal structure 11.30 m (Fig. 23).] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 22 Reza Qoli Khan Caravanserai, Juyom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: from google maps VARIANT names: Reza Qoli Khan Caravanserai, Juyom , ※ SOURCE for Reza Qoli Khan Caravanserai, Juyom Reza Qoli Khan Caravanserai کاروانسرای رضاقلی خان Robat Asef : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.105772 long 59.107721 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Asef , ※ SOURCE for Robat Asef « Robat Asef (Abb. 5) (87)Lage: Etwa 27 km nordwestlich von Birdjand, 15 km nordwestlich des Karavanserails Cah Howz, an dem weitge-hend aufgegebenen Karawanenweg von Gonabad und Ferdows (Tun) nach Birdjand Nehbandan und Sistan/Balucestan.Das Karavanserail ist nicht vermessen.fn 87 Das Karavanserail wurde von Einheimischen in Birdjand erwähnt, konnte aber 1976 aus Witterungsgründen nicht erreicht werden. [ 2,290 Robat Asef (Fig. 5) (87)Location: Approximately 27 km northwest of Birdjand, 15 km northwest of the Cah Howz caravanserail, on the largely abandoned caravan route from Gonabad and Ferdows (Tun) to Birdjand, Nehbandan, and Sistan/Balucestan.The caravanserail has not been surveyed.fn 87 The caravanserail was mentioned by locals in Birdjand, but could not be reached in 1976 due to weather conditions.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 57 Robat bei Karavanserail Qamsar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.779435 long 51.494406 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat bei Karavanserail Qamsar , ※ SOURCE for Robat bei Karavanserail Qamsar « Robat bei Karavanserail Qamsar (Qabrabad) (Taf. 18,2) (Abb. 12; 143) (88)Lage: 23 km südlich Kashan (Stadtmauer) auf einer An-höhe, 1 km nordöstlich des Karavanserails Qabrabad, in +1580 m ü.N.N., an der Karawanenroute Kashan - Vandadeh - Esfahan.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, Hofarkaden, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen.Abmenungen: 41 x 36m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), as x 17 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Mauer-schuttwälle 1,5o bis a m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.stört. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-Inschriften keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich frühislamisches Robat, Vor-gängerbau des benachbarten Karavanserails Qabrabad.In den Trümmern des Robats ist zahlreiche unglasierte, einfache Gebrauchskeramik vertreten, überwiegend Vorrats-gefaße verschiedener Größen, große Schüsseln, kleine Gefäße und teilweise verzierte Wandungsbruchstücke. Ein Randpro-fil entspricht der feinen, matt glänzenden, grauen Ware des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. (Abb. 144, unten rechts).fn 88 Die Ruine wurde am 21.2.1984 vermessen. [Robat near the Qamsar (Qabrabad) Caravanserai (Plate 18.2) (Figs. 12; 143) (88)Location: 23 km south of Kashan (city wall) on a hill, 1 km northeast of the Qabrabad Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1580 m above sea level, on the Kashan-Vandadeh-Isfahan caravan route.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, courtyard arcades, and round corner and intermediate towers.Dimensions: 41 x 36 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 1.50 x 17 m courtyard dimensions, height of the rubble walls 1.50 to 1 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.No inscriptions known....`` Dating: Probably an early Islamic robat, predecessor of the neighboring caravanserai Qabrabad.The ruins of the robat contain numerous unglazed, simple utilitarian ceramics, predominantly storage vessels of various sizes, large bowls, small vessels, and partially decorated fragments of the vessel walls. A rim profile corresponds to the fine, matte-glossy, gray ware of the 2nd millennium BC (Fig. 144, bottom right).fn 88 The ruin was surveyed on February 21, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 76 Robat Cah Sorkh/Chab Sorkh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.015446 long 53.365031 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Cah Sorkh/Chab Sorkh , ※ SOURCE for Robat Cah Sorkh/Chab Sorkh « Robat Cah Sorkh/Chab Sorkh (Shah Sorkh) (Abb. 4; 48)Lage: Rund 25 km südöstlich von Robat Khargushi, 22 km nordwestlich von Nadushan und etwa in gleicher Entfernung westlich von Alaviyeh, in + 2180 m ü. N. N., am alten Karawanenweg von Esfahan nach Yazd und Kerman.Typ: Hofanlage ohne Iwan-Bildung mit zwei schwe-ren, runden Ecktürmen an der Eingangsfassade und zwei kleineren Rundtürmen an den rückwärtigen Ecken. Der Portalbau ist vorgezogen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 38 x 36,50 m, Hofabmessungen 27 × 25,50 m, Breite der um den Hof gelagerten Räume 3,50 m, Höhe des Portalbaus (rekonstruiert) 6,90 m, Höhe der Türme 7,90 m. Die vorde-ren Ecktürme haben zwei kreuzförmige Geschosse und eine erhöhte Wehrplattform (Abb. 49).Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.Nach Angabe eines Hirten ist die nächste Station nach Westen, in Richtung Esfahan, das Robat Khargushi. In der Nähe sollen sich noch Reste eines Robat Shuru befinden, falls es nicht mit Robat Cah Sorkh identisch ist. Diese Frage konnte nicht geklärt werden". [Robat Chab Sorkh (Shah Sorkh) (Figs. 4; 48)Location: Approximately 25 km southeast of Robat Khargushi, 22 km northwest of Nadushan, and roughly the same distance west of Alaviyeh, at an elevation of 2180 m above sea level, on the old caravan route from Isfahan to Yazd and Kerman.Type: Courtyard complex without an iwan, featuring two heavy, round corner towers on the entrance facade and two smaller round towers at the rear corners. The gateway is projecting. Dimensions: Exterior dimensions without projections 38 x 36.50 m, courtyard dimensions 27 × 25.50 m, width of the rooms surrounding the courtyard 3.50 m, height of the portal structure (reconstructed) 6.90 m, height of the towers 7.90 m. The front corner towers have two cruciform stories and a raised defensive platform (Fig. 49).Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.According to a shepherd, the next station to the west, in the direction of Isfahan, is Robat Khargushi. Remains of a Robat Shuru are said to be located nearby, if it is not identical with Robat Cah Sorkh. This question could not be clarified.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 40 Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 32.834817 long 51.402327 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Chal Seeah , Chal-i-siah caravanserai , Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) , Tchah-e-siyah Qadim , Tchalissiè caravanserail , ※ SOURCE for Chal Seeah « Our road continued to lie over a barren waste, with blue slate hills on each side, and was mostly on the same course, until we reached a large public khan at the station of Chal Seeah, where we alighted. This was one of the best buildings of the kind that we had yet seen, and was still in excellent order, though the situation in which it stands is a very dreary one, and the small village attached to it consists only of a few huts. The distance from Dehuck to this place is accounted eight fursucks, and we had performed it in about eight hours. We had gone, however, at the rate of about five miles an hour, or considerably faster than the common walking-pace of a man ; all our company being lightly mounted, and our horses walking briskly in company. In every other instance in which the number of fursucks from station to station was known, we had never gone at the full rate of a fursuck per hour, though our pace was never less than four English miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 189 ※ SOURCE for Chal-i-siah caravanserai « The caravanserai at Chal-i-siah was built out of blocks of a hard black stone, many of which were 7 feet long by 1½ thick. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 379 ※ SOURCE for Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) « Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Taf. 9,1.2) (Abb. 12; 69) (55)Lage: 6 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Caleh Siah-ye Now und etwa 20 km nordwestlich von Karavanserail Anushirvan (Aminabad, Rundplatz im nördlichen Stadtgebiet des modernen Esfahan), in +1730 m ü.N.N., an der Karawanen-straße von Esfahan nach Golpayegan.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und Hofarkaden. Ton-nengewölbte, langrechteckige Räume auf allen vier Hofsei-ten.Abmessungen: 54 x 54m Außenabmessungen (ohne Por talvorsprung), 35 x 35 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portal-baus 6,30 m, der Hoffassaden 5,70 m (Abb. 70).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Ruine ist sehr stark verwüstet.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau ist nach Plan und Aufbau in sel-dschukischer Zeit, im 12. Jahrhundert, entstanden.An Einzelfunden aus dem Bereich des Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim liegen ein Randprofil hellgelbgrauen Tones und der Rest einer türkisgrün glasierten Ollampe (Abb. 71) vor.Das Robat ist auf drei Seiten von einer Mauer umgeben, wie Reste im Gelände verdeutlichen (Abb. 72). Es scheint ei-nen Vorhof vor dem Eingang in das Robat gegeben zu haben. Westlich neben dem Robat liegen die Trümmer eines weiteren Gebäudes, Spuren von Bauten sind auch im Osten erkennbar.Dort ist auch eine jahreszeitlich bedingte Quelle zu erwähnen (Abb. 72). fn. 55 Ebenda 57 ff. Die Schnitte und die Ansicht wurden am 11. 9. 1988 neu vermessen und an Hand der Aufnahmen von M. Siroux rekonstruiert. [Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Plate 9,1.2) (Fig. 12; 69) (55)Location: 6 km southeast of the Caleh Siah-ye Now caravanserai and approximately 20 km northwest of the Anushirvan caravanserai (Aminabad, a circular square in the northern part of modern Isfahan), at +1730 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Isfahan to Golpayegan.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans and courtyard arcades. Barrel-vaulted, rectangular rooms on all four sides of the courtyard.Dimensions: 54 x 54 m exterior dimensions (without portal projection), 35 x 35 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the portal structure: 6.30 m, of the courtyard facades: 5.70 m (Fig. 70).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The ruins are very badly devastated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The building was built according to plan and structure in the Seljuk period, in the 12th century.Individual finds from the area of ??the Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim include a border profile made of light yellow-gray clay and the remains of a turquoise-green glazed oil lamp (Fig. 71).The Robat is surrounded by a wall on three sides, as remains in the area demonstrate (Fig. 72). There appears to have been a forecourt in front of the entrance to the Robat. To the west of the Robat lie the ruins of another building, and traces of construction are also visible to the east.A seasonal spring is also mentioned there (Fig. 72).fn. 55 Ibid. 57 ff. The sections and the view were re-measured on September 11, 1988, and reconstructed based on the photographs by M. Siroux.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 39-40 ※ SOURCE for Tchah-e-siyah Qadim « The La branche Nord franchit une faible hauteur de schiste noir. Tout de suite après un petit col éventé cette ancienne voie s'infléchit pour suivre le cours d'un ravin se perdant dans la plaine de Tchâh-e-Siyâh now. Dès le col on aperçoit les ruines d'un très ancien caravansérail : Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4) qui révèle, ainsi que ses successeurs proches, la tragique histoire d'un point d'eau agonisant. Ce très intéressant monument qui date du début de l 'Islam, environné de traces plus anciennes, fut relayé 500 m. plus bas, par un autre caravansérail : également un tchâh-e-Siyâh d'époque mongole , appelé aussi Tchâhâr-Bordj (les quatre tours) (site 9) . Quand la source, malgré les efforts de captage, se fut révélée déficiente, 6 km. plus loin, dans la plaine alluviale, des ghanats furent forés par un Mi nistre de Châh Soleyman et en 1687 A.D., un des plus curieux caravansérails iraniens, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now y fut inauguré (site 27) (1). fn. 1Sur certaines cartes, ces monuments sont appelés, par erreur, Tchehelhessieh. Ces erreurs très fréquenteset qui gênent considérablement les recherches, sont dues aux transcriptions phonétiques de voyageurs ignorant la langue, auxquelles s'ajoutent celles faites au cours de la mise au net de notes hâtivement rédigées.[The northern branch crosses a low rise of black schist. Immediately after a small, winding pass, this ancient route bends to follow the course of a ravine that disappears into the Tchâh-e-Siyâh now plain. From the pass, one can see the ruins of a very ancient caravanserai: Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4), which, along with its immediate successors, reveals the tragic story of a dying watering hole. This very interesting monument, dating from the beginning of Islam, surrounded by older remains, was replaced 500 meters lower by another caravanserai: also a Shah-e-Siyah from the Mongol period, also called Tchâhâr-Bor4j (the four towers) (site 9). When the source, despite efforts to capture it, proved deficient, 6 km further on, in the alluvial plain, ghanats were drilled by a Minister of Shah Sulayman and in 1687 AD, one of the most curious Iranian caravanserais, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now, was inaugurated there (site 27) (1). fn. 1 On some maps, these monuments are mistakenly called Tchehelhessieh. These very frequent errors, which considerably hamper research, are due to phonetic transcriptions by travelers unfamiliar with the language, to which are added those made during the editing of hastily written notes.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 10 ※ SOURCE for Tchalissiè caravanserail « A la sixième farseng, on trouve à droite une petite cabane où sont quelques gar-des. Après avoir côtoyé une colline élevée, nous entrons dans une grande plaine déserte, et à trois heures et demie du soir, nous arri-vons au caravansérail de Tchalissiè. Ce vaste édifice, bâti par la grand'mère de Feth - Ali-Châh, est construit en briques. On m'a assuré qu'il avait coûté sept mille tumans. On y a con-duit l'eau d'une source qui sort du pied d'une montagne, à une demi-lieue de là vers le sud. [At the sixth farseng, we find on the right a small hut where some guards are. After skirting a high hill, we enter a large deserted plain, and at three thirty in the evening, we arrive at the caravanserai of Tchalissiè. This vast edifice, built by Feth-Ali-Châh's grandmother, is constructed of bricks. I was assured that it cost seven thousand tumans. Water was brought there from a spring that flows from the foot of a mountain, half a league away to the south.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 288 Robat caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207216 , Kaftar Khan caravanserai , Karavanserail Robat , Robat caravanserai , Rubat caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207216 EAMENA-0207216 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kaftar Khan caravanserai « Two days' good travelling brought us to Bahramabad, after having passed through the small village of Baghin, the larger village of Ruban containing 300 houses, and the caravanserai of Kaftar Khan. » #1097 Floyer, Ernest Ayscoghe, Unexplored Baluchistan. A Survey, with Observations Astronomical, Geographical, Botanical, etc., of a Route through Mekran, Bashkurd, Persia, Kurdistan, and Turkey, Griffith and Farran, 1882, ~ p. 343 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat « Karavanserail Robat (Abb. 4)Lage: 27 km südöstlich Kabutar Khan, 31 km nord-westlich Bagin, in +1560 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Kerman.Das Karavanserail trägt eine Bauinschrift von 1280 H. = 1902. Das Gebäude, in gebrannten Ziegeln erbaut, wurde in qadjarischer Zeit errichtet. Es wird von einer islamischen Behörde genutzt und ist abgesperrt. Eine Vermessung ist unmöglich. [ 1,251 Robat Caravanserail (Fig. 4)Location: 27 km southeast of Kabutar Khan, 31 km northwest of Bagin, at an elevation of 1560 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Kerman.The caravanserail bears a building inscription dated 1280 AH (1902). The building, constructed of fired bricks, dates from the Qajar period. It is used by an Islamic authority and is fenced off. Surveying it is impossible.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 82 ※ SOURCE for Rubat caravanserai « RUBAT OR RIBAT-Lat. Long. Elev. 5,310' (Gill.) A village in Karman, Persia, 40 miles west of Karman. When Pottinger visited this place, there was a very large caravansarai, with stabling for five or six hundred horses, falling to decay. When Smith visited it in 1863, a new caravansarai had been built of hard-burnt bricks and lime, and with a tank of fresh water, and a spacious 'balakhana' for use of travellers in summer. Near the caravansarai there is a small village and a little cultivation. (Pot-tinger-Smith.)Now a flourishing village. Some supplies are always obtainable. (Euan-Smith-Gill.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 327 Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) 1 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.473646 long 51.34159 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) 1 , ※ SOURCE for Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) 1 « Robate bei Ceqa Deh/Cheqa Deh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Ga-deb) (Taf. 18,4; 19,1) (Abb. 12; 149) (92)Lage: Die beiden Robate in Ceqa Deh liegen etwa 3 km vom Karavanserail Robat entfernt (Abb. 149), in +2290 m ü.N.N., an der Route von Kashan nach Esfahan.1. Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) 1Typ: Hofanlage mit 4 Iwanen, Räumen auf den vier Hof-seiten und Hofarkaden. Vorgezogener Portalbau. In Hofmit-te ein Zweiraum-Gebäude (Abb. 150).Abmessungen: 53,50 x 52,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Por-talvorsprung), 34,30 x 30,70 m Hofabmessungen, erhaltene Ruinenhöhe rund 2,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk mit Ziegelverklei-dung.stört. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch.fn 92 Beide Bauten wurden am 11. 3. 1984 vermessen. [ 2,005 Robate at Ceqa Deh/Cheqa Deh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Ga-deb) (Plates 18.4; 19.1) (Figs. 12; 149) (92)Location: The two robates at Ceqa Deh are located approximately 3 km from the caravanserai robat (Fig. 149), at an elevation of 2290 m above sea level, on the route from Kashan to Isfahan.1. Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) 1Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, rooms on the four sides of the courtyard, and arcades. Projecting gateway. A two-room building in the center of the courtyard (Fig. 150). Dimensions: 53.50 x 52.50 m external dimensions (excluding portico), 34.30 x 30.70 m courtyard dimensions, preserved ruin height approximately 2.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry with brick facing.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably pre-Safavide.fn 92 Both structures were surveyed on March 11, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 80 Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) II : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.48176 long 51.364721 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) II , ※ SOURCE for Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) II « Robate bei Ceqa Deh/Cheqa Deh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Ga-deb) (Taf. 18,4; 19,1) (Abb. 12; 149) (92)Lage: Die beiden Robate in Ceqa Deh liegen etwa 3 km vom Karavanserail Robat entfernt (Abb. 149), in +2290 m ü.N.N., an der Route von Kashan nach Esfahan.2. Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) IITyp: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, Stallungen beiderseits des Eingangs. Ursprünglich ein zweiter Eingang im Ostflügel in der West-Ost-Hauptachse, Kolonnadenvorbau vor dem Westflügel, Kuppelraum im Nordflügel (Abb. 151).Abmessungen: 54,50 x 52,50 m Außenmaße, 38 x 28 m Hofabmessungen. Erhaltene Ruinenhöhe rund 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk mit Ziegelverkleidung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Robat ist mehrmals baulich verändert worden und heute partiell völlig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich frühsafavidisch mit jüngeren Umbauten.In den Ruinen der beiden einander benachbarten Robate wurden Bruchstücke von unglasierten, großen und mittleren Schüsseln und Töpfen aus hellgelbbraunem, hellgraubraunem, hellgelbgrauem und hellrötlichbraunem Ton (Abb. 152) und einer innen hellauberginefarbenen, glasierten Reibe-schüssel (Abb. 153, oben), einer türkisgrün glasierten Schüs-sel (Abb. 153, Mitte), eines dunkelgrün glasierten Topfes und ein türkisfarben glasiertes Bodenstück (Abb. 153, unten) gefunden.fn 92 Beide Bauten wurden am 11. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Robate at Ceqa Deh/Cheqa Deh (Chahgadeh/Tchah Ga-deb) (Plates 18.4; 19.1) (Figs. 12; 149) (92)Location: The two robates at Ceqa Deh are located approximately 3 km from the caravanserai robat (Fig. 149), at an elevation of 2290 m above sea level, on the route from Kashan to Isfahan.2. Robat Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh) IIType: Courtyard complex with four iwans, stables on both sides of the entrance. Originally, there was a second entrance in the east wing on the main west-east axis, a colonnaded porch in front of the west wing, and a domed room in the north wing (Fig. 151). Dimensions: 54.50 x 52.50 m external dimensions, 38 x 28 m courtyard dimensions. Remaining ruin height approximately 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry with brick facing.Structural features and condition: The robat has undergone several structural alterations and is now partially or completely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably early Safavid with later modifications. In the ruins of the two adjacent robates, fragments of unglazed large and medium-sized bowls and pots made of light yellowish-brown, light grayish-brown, light yellowish-gray, and light reddish-brown clay (Fig. 152) were found, along with a glazed mortar bowl with a light aubergine interior (Fig. 153, top), a turquoise-green glazed bowl (Fig. 153, middle), a dark green glazed pot, and a turquoise-glazed base fragment (Fig. 153, bottom).[fn 92] Both structures were surveyed on March 11, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 80 Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Chasma Shutaran , rabat khan , Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran , Robate'khan Caravanserai , Shootooran , ※ SOURCE for Chasma Shutaran « At the end of this ridge, where the road descends again to the plain, there was a small spring of sweet water known as Chasma Shutaran or the camels' spring. Here there was a deserted tower. I had been specially warned against resting here, as it is the haunt of Biluchis when raiding. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 520 ※ SOURCE for Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran « Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran (Taf. 30,2-30,4) (Abb. 5 und 92) (103)Lage: 18 km südwestlich von Robat-Khan, 71 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Provinz Yazd) und etwa 25 km nordöstlich Robat-e Sirkeh (Serkeh?) (Robat-e Sirka), an der Straße von Neyshabur und Tabas nach Yazd.Am Ort befinden sich das Robat, ein Wachtturm und ein Ziegelbrennofen aus der Erbauungszeit der Einbauten.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Iwanen und schweren Rundtürmen, einer jüngeren Innen-Bebauung in den Ruinen des Robats und mit einer im Hof eingetieften Zisterne der ursprünglichen Bausubstanz (Abb. 93).Abmessungen: 46 × 46 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge, 27,50 x 27,50 m ursprüngliche Hofabmessungen, Stärke der Außenmauern 2,50 m.Baumaterial: Der ursprüngliche Bau ist in Bruchstein-mauerwerk errichtet, die jüngeren Einbauten in gebrannten Ziegeln (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die starken Außenmauern sind über den Gewölben der Räume als Wehrgang mit Nischen, Schießscharten und Turmkammern ausgebaut.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.fn 103 Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran wurde am 2.3. 1976 vermessen. [Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran (Plates 30.2–30.4) (Figs. 5 and 92) (103)Location: 18 km southwest of Robat-Khan, 71 km northeast of Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Yazd Province), and approximately 25 km northeast of Robat-e Sirkeh (Serkeh?) (Robat-e Sirka), on the road from Neyshabur and Tabas to Yazd.The site contains the robat, a watchtower, and a brick kiln dating from the time the structures were built.Type: Courtyard complex with two opposing iwans and heavy round towers, later interior structures built within the ruins of the robat, and a cistern sunken into the courtyard, all part of the original building fabric (Fig. 93). Dimensions: 46 × 46 m external dimensions without projections, 27.50 × 27.50 m original courtyard dimensions, exterior wall thickness 2.50 m.Building material: The original structure is built of rubble masonry, the later additions of fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The thick exterior walls above the vaulted rooms form a parapet walk with niches, loopholes, and tower chambers.Inscriptions: None known.fn 103 Robat Ceshmeh Shotoran was surveyed on March 2, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 68 ※ SOURCE for Robate'khan Caravanserai rabat khan رباط خان ※ SOURCE for Shootooran « 3d June. We marched southerly over a hilly rough road, with ravines, and halted at eighteen miles, at Shootooran. Here we procured bread and barley for the horses ; but the water is bad. » #3663 Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde; accompanied by a geographical and historical account of those countries, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 1816 ~ p. 420 « Shootooran » in {map#1442 Central Asia; comprising Bokhara, Cabool, Persia, the River Indus, and countries eastward of it, Arrowsmith, John,, 1842, david Rumsey Map Collection list no: 14506.055} Robat Darband : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.670374 long 56.94495 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Darband , ※ SOURCE for Robat Darband « Karawanenhalteort Darband (Taf. 20,1-4) (Abb. 4; 167) (75)Lage: 27 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Cehel Payeh (Chehel Payeh) (Provinz Khorassan), 19 km nord-östlich des Karavanserails Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru), in +960 m ü.N.N., als erste Station nahe der Grenze der Provinzen Khorassan/Kerman, an der Strecke von Mashhad nach Kerman. Am Ort ist ein Karavanserail von einer Robat-Ruine zu unterscheiden.fn 75 Die Bauten in Darband wurden am 14.4.1982 vermessen. [Darband Caravan Stop (Plate 20.1-4) (Figs. 4; 167) (75)Location: 27 km southwest of the Cehel Payeh (Chehel Payeh) caravanserail (Khorassan Province), 19 km northeast of the Cah Kuru (Chah Kuru) caravanserail, at an elevation of 960 m above sea level, as the first stop near the border of the Khorasan/Kerman provinces, on the route from Mashhad to Kerman. A caravanserail and a robat ruin can be distinguished at this location.fn 75 The structures at Darband were surveyed on April 14, 1982.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 97 Robat Hadjiabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.178878 long 50.501669 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Hadjiabad , ※ SOURCE for Robat Hadjiabad « Robat Hadjiabad (Taf. 6,2-6,4) an der Route von Teheran nach Saveh (Abb. 3 und 41) (21)Lage: Das Karavanserail liegt in + 1440 m ü.N.N. in einem Talkessel, etwa 24 km nordöstlich von Saveh an der Route Teheran - Saveh - Hamadan.Typ: Hofanlage ohne ausgeprägte Iwane, halbrunde Eck- und Courtinentürme, der Südflügel besteht aus fünf ok-togonalen Kuppelräumen, auf allen vier Hofseiten sind Spu-ren eines Umganges vor den Kammern erkennbar. In der Mitte des Hofes ein Mittelbau in Form eines Hofhauses. Das Tor ist im Südosten erkennbar.Abmessungen: 73,50 × 72 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 48 × 45,50 m Hofabmessungen. Der Mittelbau 21 x 20,50 m Außenmaße und 9,50 × 9,50 m weit ist der Hof des Mittelbaus. Die Mauerstärke beträgt 2 m. Der stark zer-störte Bau kann auf eine Höhe der Außenmauern von etwa 7,50 m und der Mittelbau mit einer Höhe von etwasm re-konstruiert werden (Abb.42).Baumaterial: Bruchstein in Kalkmörtelverbindung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Oktogonal-räume stellen etwas Singuläres bei dieser Art Bauwerk dar.Die Anlage ist sehr stark zerstört und ausgeraubt.fn 21 Robat Hadjiabad wurde am 5. 11. 1979 vermessen; AMI 17, 1984, 259ff. [Robat Hadjiabad (Plates 6.2–6.4) on the route from Tehran to Saveh (Figs. 3 and 41) (21)Location: The caravanserai is situated at an elevation of 1440 m above sea level in a valley basin, approximately 24 km northeast of Saveh on the Tehran–Saveh–Hamadan route.Type: Courtyard complex without pronounced iwans, semicircular corner and curtain towers. The south wing consists of five octagonal domed rooms. Traces of an ambulatory are visible on all four sides of the courtyard. In the center of the courtyard is a central building in the form of a courtyard house. The gate is visible in the southeast.Dimensions: 73.50 × 72 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 48 × 45.50 m courtyard dimensions. The central structure measures 21 x 20.50 m externally, and the courtyard of the central structure measures 9.50 x 9.50 m. The walls are 2 m thick. The heavily damaged building can be reconstructed to a height of approximately 7.50 m for the outer walls and a height of slightly less than 1 m for the central structure (Fig. 42).Building material: Rubble stone in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The octagonal rooms are unique for this type of building.The complex is heavily damaged and looted.fn 21 Robat Hadjiabad was surveyed on November 5, 1979; AMI 17, 1984, 259ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 32 Robat Hamzehabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.274867 long 50.578543 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Hamzehabad , ※ SOURCE for Robat Hamzehabad « Robat Hamzehabad (Taf. 6,1) an der Route von Teheran nach Saveh und Hamadan (Abb. 3 und 38) (20)Lage: Das Robat liegt in + 1280 m ü. N. N., 40 km nord. östlich von Saveh, 9 km östlich der Kleinstadt Ma'muniyeh, an dem alten Verlauf der Karawanenstrecke zwischen Robat Karim und Saveh (Abb.39). Das Robat liegt in der Nähe einer befestigten, älteren, islamischen Siedlung und eines aufgelas-senen, befestigten Dorfes aus dem 18.-19. Jahrhundert (Abb.40).Abb. 36. Festungsanlage westlich von Saveh, Grundriß und SchnittTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und Hofumgang vor den Räumen, keine Stallungen. Die Anlage repräsentiert mehr einen militärischen Stützpunkt zur Sicherung des Kara-wanenweges als ein Unterkunftshaus für Karawanen. Die Außenmauern sind turmbewehrt.Abmessungen: 80 × 77 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 50 × 47 m Hofabmessungen, Mauerreste noch bis zu einer Höhe von 2 m erhalten. fn 20 Die Ruinen von Hamzehabad wurden am 23. 10. 1979 vermessen; AMI 17, 1984, 249 ff. [Robat Hamzehabad (Plate 6.1) on the route from Tehran to Saveh and Hamadan (Figs. 3 and 38) (20)Location: The robat is situated at an elevation of 1280 m above sea level, 40 km north-east of Saveh, 9 km east of the small town of Ma'muniyeh, on the old caravan route between Robat Karim and Saveh (Fig. 39). The robat lies near a fortified, older Islamic settlement and an abandoned, fortified village from the 18th-19th centuries (Fig. 40).Fig. 36. Fortification west of Saveh, plan and sectionType: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and a courtyard in front of the rooms, no stables. The complex represents more of a military base for securing the caravan route than a caravan accommodation facility. The outer walls are fortified with towers.Dimensions: 80 × 77 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 50 × 47 m courtyard dimensions; wall remnants are preserved to a height of 2 m.fn 20 The ruins of Hamzehabad were surveyed on October 23, 1979; AMI 17, 1984, 249 ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 28 Robat Kalmard : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.49043 long 56.275287 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Kalmard , ※ SOURCE for Robat Kalmard « Karavanserail Kalmard (Taf. 28,3 und 28,4) (Abb. 5 und 86) (101)Lage: 38 km südwestlich von Robat-e Gur (Kur) und 27 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Khan, an der Karawanen-straße von Neyshabur und Tabas nach Yazd.Am Ort sind ein älterer Bau (Robat), ein Karavan-serail, eine Wachtturm-Ruine mit 6,60 m äußerem Durch-messer, eine Zisterne und ein Ziegelbrennofen aus der Erbauungszeit des Karavanserails erhalten. Am Felsen öst-lich des Robats tritt eine Süßwasserquelle zutage (Abb. 86).1. Der ältere Bau (Robat) (Abb. 87)Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Iwanen, zwei Stallabteilungen, einem vorgezogenen, iwan-artigen Portal und vier runden Ecktürmen. [Kalmard Caravanserai (Plates 28.3 and 28.4) (Figs. 5 and 86) (101) Location: 38 km southwest of Robat-e Gur (Kur) and 27 km northeast of Robat-e Khan, on the caravan route from Neyshabur and Tabas to Yazd. An older building (robat), a caravanserai, a watchtower ruin with an outer diameter of 6.60 m, a cistern, and a brick kiln from the time of the caravanserai's construction have been preserved at the site. A freshwater spring emerges from the rock east of the robat (Fig. 86). 1. The older building (robat) (Fig. 87) Type: Courtyard complex with two opposing iwans, two stable sections, a projecting, iwan-like portal, and four round corner towers.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 63-4 Robat Karim : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.418382 long 50.87285 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Karim , ※ SOURCE for Robat Karim « Robat 24 km südwestlich von Robat Karim (Shahryar) (Taf. 5,4), am Weg von Teheran nach Saveh (Abb. 3 und 37) (19)Lage: Die Ruine liegt 10 km südwestlich des seldschu-kischen Karavanserails Robat Karim auf einer Hochebene.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit halbrunden Eck- und Cour-tinentürmen, vorgezogenem Eingangsbau und auf allen vier Hofseiten aufgereihten Räumen, sowie mit einem Mittelge-bäude im Hof.Abmessungen: 77 x 73 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 56 × 52 m Hofabmessungen, Mittelgebäude 16 x 14 m, Schuttwälle bis zu 2,50 m hoch anstehend.Baumaterial: Der Bau ist in Lehmziegeln und Lehmblöcken errichtet.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist nur noch in Schuttwällen erhalten, Erdmengen wurden zu Straßenbauten abgefahren.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich frühislamisch.fn 19 Die Ruine wurde am 6. 12. 1979 vermessen; AMI 17, 1984, 256f. 20 Die Ruinen von Hamzehabad wurden am 23. 10. 1979 vermessen; AMI 17, 1984, 249 ff. [Robat, 24 km southwest of Robat Karim (Shahryar) (Plate 5.4), on the road from Tehran to Saveh (Figs. 3 and 37) (19)Location: The ruin lies 10 km southwest of the Seljuk caravanserail Robat Karim on a plateau.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with semicircular corner and curtain towers, a projecting entrance building, and rooms arranged on all four sides of the courtyard, as well as a central building in the courtyard.Dimensions: 77 x 73 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 56 x 52 m courtyard dimensions, central building 16 x 14 m, rubble walls up to 2.50 m high.Building material: The structure is built of mud bricks and mud blocks.Structural features and condition: The site survives only as mounds of rubble; large quantities of earth were removed for road construction.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: Probably early Islamic.fn 19 The ruin was surveyed on December 6, 1979; AMI 17, 1984, 256f. 20 The ruins of Hamzehabad were surveyed on October 23, 1979; AMI 17, 1984, 249ff.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 28 Robat Khatun Khora : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.37722 long 55.009861 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Khatun Khora , ※ SOURCE for Robat Khatun Khora « Robat Khatun Khora (Taf. 17,2) (Abb. 4; 140) (57)Lage: 13 km südlich von Djowzam, 33 km nördlich Shahr-e Babak, in + 2220 m ü. N. N., an der Route von Yazd nach Sirdjan und Bandar-e Abbas.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen und runden Türmen an den Ecken, in der Mitte der östlichen Seite und als Tor-flankierung der Südfront.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 95 x 95 m, Hofabmessungen 73 x 73 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Im Innern der Anlage mehrere Ruinen einer aufgegebenen dörflichen Be- fn 57 Die Ruine wurde am 10.3.1980 in Schrittmaßen aufgenommen. Zum nahe gelegenen Grabturm Khatun Khora: AMI 14, 1981, 1191. [Robat Khatun Khora (Plate 17.2) (Fig. 4; 140) (57)Location: 13 km south of Djowzam, 33 km north of Shahr-e Babak, at +2220 m a.s.l. N. N., on the route from Yazd to Sirdjan and Bandar-e Abbas.Type: Courtyard complex with two iwans and round towers at the corners, in the center of the eastern side, and flanking the southern front as a gate.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 95 x 95 m, courtyard dimensions 73 x 73 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Inside the complex are several ruins of an abandoned village settlement.fn 57 The ruin was surveyed on March 10, 1980, using paces. Regarding the nearby Khatun Khora tomb tower: AMI 14, 1981, 1191.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 84 Robat Murghan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.42974 long 55.361332 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Murghan , ※ SOURCE for Robat Murghan « Die Station Murghan zwischen Shahrud und Mayamey (Taf.34,2) (Abb. 7 und 201) (93)Lage: 27 km östlich von Bedasht und 29 km westlich von Mayamey, in + 1260 m ü. N.Ν.Typ: 1. Robat-Reste als Hofanlage mit Mittelbau2. Stationsgebäude: Hofanlage mit vier Ecktürmen und einem Torturm mit versetztem Eingang. Zisternenanbau im Westen der Station (Abb. 203).Abmessungen: 1. Robat-Reste (Wallanlage): 85 × 85 mAußenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), Zentralgebäude 30 × 30 , die Wälle sind rund 2,50 m hoch erhalten (Abb. 202).2. Stationsgebäude (Abb. 203): 33 × 31 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), 19 x 17,30 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Torturms 8 m.Baumaterial: Die Station ist aus Lehmpackungen und Lehmziegeln erbaut, die Wallanlage des Robats wahrschein-lich entsprechend.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Beide Anlagen sind nur noch als Ruinen erhalten.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Die Wallanlage dürfte in die vor- bis frühis-amisette Zeit Finalßreichen, die Station im 19. Jahrhundert erbant seinfn93 Die Reste der Station wurden am 10. 4. 1981 vermessen. AMI 15, 1982, 2791. [The Murghan Station between Shahrud and Mayamey (Plate 34.2) (Figs. 7 and 201) (93)Location: 27 km east of Bedasht and 29 km west of Mayamey, at an elevation of 1260 m above sea level.Type: 1. Robat remains as a courtyard complex with a central building2. Station buildings: Courtyard complex with four corner towers and a gate tower with an offset entrance. Cistern extension to the west of the station (Fig. 203).Dimensions: 1. Robat remains (rampart): 85 × 85 mExternal dimensions (excluding tower projections), central building 30 × 30 m, the ramparts are preserved to a height of approximately 2.50 m (Fig. 202). 2. Station building (Fig. 203): 33 × 31 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 19 x 17.30 m courtyard dimensions, gate tower height 8 m.Building material: The station is constructed of clay infill and mud bricks; the rampart of the Robat (fortified manor) was likely built of the same material.Structural features and condition: Both structures survive only as ruins.Inscriptions: none are known.Dating: The rampart likely dates to the pre- or early Imitation period, the station to the 19th century.The remains of the station were surveyed on April 10, 1981. AMI 15, 1982, 2791.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 111 Robat Now Gonbad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.683155 long 53.32262 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Now Gonbad , ※ SOURCE for Robat Now Gonbad « Die Reste des Robats:Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, Hofarkaden und runden Eck- und Courtinentürmen. Weitere Einzelheiten sind nicht erkennbar (Abb. 13).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 45x 45 m, Hofabmessungen 22,50 × 22,50 m. Die Mauern sind nur minimal über dem Erdboden erhalten.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich frühislamisch bis vorsafavidisch. [The remains of the Robat:Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, courtyard arcades, and round corner and curtain towers. Further details are not discernible (Fig. 13).Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 45 × 45 m, courtyard dimensions 22.50 × 22.50 m. The walls are preserved only minimally above ground level.Building material: Mud bricks.Architectural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably early Islamic to pre-Safavide.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 16 Robat Qaleh Kushk : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 29.055005 long 52.634065 VARIANT names: Robat Qaleh Kushk , ※ SOURCE for Robat Qaleh Kushk « Robat Qaleh Kushk » in {map#1180 Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars, , , #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~} « Titel: Qal'eh Kushk 1994-1999 - General view of architectural remains and the surrounding landscape at Robat Qaleh Kushk Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-27904 Bildautor/in: Wolfram Kleiss» at online reference link « Titel: Qal'eh Kushk 1994-1999 - Technical drawing of the caravansary of Robat Qaleh Kushk depicting a groundplan Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-27903 Bildautor/in: Wolfram Kleiss » at online reference link « Titel: Robat Qaleh Kushk none - Distant view of the qal'eh. Court type building without iwans Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-21028 Bildautor/in: Wolfram Kleiss » at online reference link « Das Robat Qal'eh Kushk (Taf. 25,4; 26,1-3) (Abb. 5; 204)Typ: Hofanlage ohne Iwan-Ausbildung, Einzelräume entlang der Außenmauer um einen Hof gruppiert. Im Hof ein Mittelgebäude. Lage in + 1630 m ü. N. N. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 58,50 × 53 m, Hofabmessungen 41 × 37 m, Gebäudehöhe etwa4,80 m. Das Mittelgebäude hat Außenmaße von 10,90 × 10,90 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer- stört.Inschriften: keine bekannt. Datierung: Frühislamisch bis vorsafavidisch. Im Bereich des Robat Qal'eh Kushk wurden einige helltürkisfarben glasierte Schalen und grauschwarz auf tür- kisfarbenem Grund glasierte Keramik (Abb. 205) gefunden.In der weiteren Umgebung von Tang-e Zandjiran ist ein Karavanserail Khanehfaqin überliefert, aber wahrscheinlich nicht mehr vorhanden. [The Robat Qal'eh Kushk (Pl. 25.4; 26.1-3) (Fig. 5; 204)Type: Courtyard complex without iwan formation, individual rooms grouped around a courtyard along the outer wall. A central building in the courtyard. Location at + 1630 m above sea level. Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 58.50 × 53 m, courtyard dimensions 41 × 37 m, building height about4.80 m. The central building has external dimensions of 10.90 × 10.90 m.Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: none known. Dating: Early Islamic to pre-Safavid. In the area of ??Robat Qal'eh Kushk, some light turquoise glazed bowls and grey-black glazed ceramics on a turquoise ground (Fig. 205) were found. In the wider area of ??Tang-e Zandjiran, a caravanserai Khanehfaqin is known, but probably no longer exists.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 113-115 Robat Qal'eh Sangi, südöstlich Hoseyndjeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.969668 long 51.153193 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qaleh-Sangui n'Allahvidjeh , Robat Qal'eh Sangi, südöstlich Hoseyndjeh , ※ SOURCE for Qaleh-Sangui n'Allahvidjeh « LE QALEH-SANGUI n' ALLAHVIDJEH (site 9, fig. 2 3) situé sur la même piste, une quarantaine de kilomètres plus loin, fut implanté sur le versant d'un petit col, non loin d'un ravin dont les eaux souterraines furent captées. Légèrement plus petit que le précédent (43,50 X 44,50 m.) il offre avec ce dernier beaucoup d'analogies et est construit exactement suivant les mêmes procédés; il est probablement dû au même constructeur . et on _ peut lui attribuer la même ancienneté (début XIVe J.C :). [The QALEH-SANGUI n' ALLAHVIDJEH (site 9, fig. 2-3), located on the same trail, about forty kilometers further, was built on the slope of a small pass, not far from a ravine whose groundwater was captured. Slightly smaller than the previous one (43.50 x 44.50 m), it offers many similarities and was built using exactly the same methods; it is probably by the same builder, and it can be attributed the same antiquity (early 14th century AD).] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 98 ※ SOURCE for Robat Qal'eh Sangi, südöstlich Hoseyndjeh « Robat Qal'eh Sangi, südöstlich Hoseyndjeh (Taf. 7.3.4) (Abb. 12; 62) (53)Lage: 26 km südöstlich von Hoseyndjeh, 14 km nord-westlich vom Karavanserail Cahar Bordj (Caleh Siah 2), in +1970 m ü.N.N., an der Straße von Esfahan nach Golpaye-gan, in Paßnähe.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, kleinen Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portal.Nordöstlich des Stein-Robats liegen die Schuttwälle ei-nes Lehmbaus und zwischen beiden Anlagen die Ruine eines Steinbaus von 8 x 7 m Umfang, unbekannter Funktion und unbekannten Alters (Abb. 62).Abmessungen: Das Robat Qal'eh Sangi hat 44,50 x 43,50 m Außenmaße und 27,55 x 21,90 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 63). Die Portalhöhe (ergänzt) beträgt 7,40 m (Abb. 64).Der Lehmbau hat etwa 35 x 35 m Außenmaße und 25 x 25 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 62).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Steinbau ist stark zerstört, der Lehmbau nur noch in Schuttwällen er-kennbar.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Vor- bis frühsafavidisch.Im Bereich des Robats wurde ein Bruchstück einer Wandkachel von 1,6 cm Stärke mit blauer Bemalung und dünner, schwarzer Umrandung auf weißem Grund, glasiert (Abb. 65), sowie eine größere Schale aus hellgraubraunem, grobem Ton und eine mittelgroße Schale, innen türkisfarben glasiert, gefunden (Abb. 65). fn. 53 Siroux, a.a.O., 98 ff. Das Robat wurde am 25. 9. 1989 in Schnitten und Ansicht aufgemessen. [Robat Qal'eh Sangi, southeast of Hoseyndjeh (Plate 7.3.4) (Fig. 12; 62) (53)Location: 26 km southeast of Hoseyndjeh, 14 km northwest of the Chahar Bordj caravanserai (Caleh Siah 2), at +1970 m above sea level, on the road from Isfahan to Golpayegan, near the pass.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, four stables, small corner towers, and a projecting portal.Northeast of the stone robat lie the rubble mounds of a mud building, and between the two structures are the ruins of a stone building measuring 8 x 7 m in circumference, of unknown function and age (Fig. 62).Dimensions: The Robat Qal'eh Sangi has exterior dimensions of 44.50 x 43.50 m and courtyard dimensions of 27.55 x 21.90 m (Fig. 63). The portal height (supplemented) is 7.40 m (Fig. 64).The mud building has exterior dimensions of approximately 35 x 35 m and courtyard dimensions of 25 x 25 m (Fig. 62).Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The stone structure is heavily damaged, the mud building is only recognizable in rubble mounds.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Pre- to early Safavid.In the area of ??the robat, a fragment of a 1.6 cm thick wall tile with blue painting and a thin, black border on a white, glazed background was found (Fig. 65), as well as a larger bowl made of light gray-brown, coarse clay and a medium-sized bowl, glazed turquoise on the inside (Fig. 65). fn. 53 Siroux, op. cit., 98 ff. The robat was measured in sections and elevation on September 25, 1989.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 37-8 Robat Sakeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.156663 long 55.868429 NIMA/GNS names: Robat Sakeh , رباط سکه , VARIANT names: Robat Sakeh , Robat-e Sirkeh , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sirkeh « Robat-e Sirkeh (Robat-e Serkeh/Robat-e Sirka) (Abb. 5 und 96)104Lage: Im Gebiet größerer, wandernder Sanddünen, die die Pisten temporär blockieren, zwischen Robat-e Ceshmeh Shotoran und Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Provinz Yazd), südlich der modernen Hauptstraße von Tabas nach Yazd. Weitere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden. Robat-e Sirkeh ist die letzte Station am Weg nach Yazd in der Provinz Khorasan. fn 104 Robat-e Sirkeh konnte 1976 nicht erreicht werden. [Robat-e Sirkeh (Robat-e Serkeh/Robat-e Sirka) (Figs. 5 and 96) 104Location: In an area of ??large, shifting sand dunes that temporarily block the tracks, between Robat-e Ceshmeh Shotoran and Robat-e Posht-e Badam (Yazd Province), south of the modern main road from Tabas to Yazd. No further details are available. Robat-e Sirkeh is the last station on the way to Yazd in Khorasan Province.fn 104 Robat-e Sirkeh could not be reached in 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 70 Robat Sangi Dehmeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.28082 long 52.973846 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: location not found and based on Kleiss directions 3 km southeast of the fortified village of Abdollahabad, VARIANT names: Robat Sangi Dehmeh , ※ SOURCE for Robat Sangi Dehmeh « Robat Sangi Dehmeh an der Khorassanstraße (Taf. 28,3 und 28,4) (Abb. 7 und 160)Lage: 3 km südöstlich des Wehrdorfes Abdollahabad, in + 890 m ü. N. N. am Rand der Salzwüste. Die Anlage liegt an der alten Khorassanstraße, am Abzweig einer Route von Lasdjerd über Robat Dehmeh - Cah Djangi - Mil-e Esfahani - Lakab und Sefid Ab nach Kashan.Typ: Hofanlage mit Eingangsiwan, runden Eck- und Zwischentürmen. Im Hof freistehend ein Kastell mit einem engen Eingang an der Südwestecke, ebenfalls als Hofanlage mit vier unterschiedlich angeordneten Iwanen. Das Kastell ist zweigeschossig. Abmessungen: 42 × 41 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge), 28,50 × 27,50 m Hofabmessung der äußeren Befe-stigung.Das Kastell hat 15,50 × 15,20 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge) und der Hof mißt 6,70 × 5,70 m.Die Höhe der äußeren Befestigung beträgt rekonstru-iert etwa 4,40 m, die Höhe des Kastells rekonstruiert etwa 5,90 m (Abb.161). Die Zisterne hat einen Durchmesser von 6,50 m mit einer Kuppel von etwa 5 m Höhe über dem Bo-den. Die Zisterne war mindestens um 5 m in den Boden ein-getieft (Abb. 162).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark zerstört, vor allem die äußere Befestigungsanlage partiell nur noch alsGrundriß erkennbar.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Der Bruchsteinbau unter unregelmäßiger(Ruinenzustand des Vorgängerbaus) Verwendung eines älte-ren Gebäudes aus gebrannten Ziegeln (35/35/12 cm und 35/35/10 cm) ist wahrscheinlich in frühislamischer Zeit auf die Reste eines sasanidischen Gebäudes gesetzt worden.fn 75 Robat Sangi Dehmeh wurde am 23. 5. 1993 vermessen. [Robat Sangi Dehmeh on the Khorasan Road (Plates 28.3 and 28.4) (Figs. 7 and 160)Location: 3 km southeast of the fortified village of Abdollahabad, at an elevation of 890 m above sea level, on the edge of the salt desert. The site lies on the old Khorasan Road, at the junction of a route from Lasdjerd via Robat Dehmeh, Cah Djangi, Mil-e Esfahani, Lakab, and Sefid Ab to Kashan.Type: Courtyard complex with an entrance iwan and round corner and intermediate towers. A freestanding fort with a narrow entrance at the southwest corner stands within the courtyard, also a courtyard complex with four differently arranged iwans. The fort has two stories.Dimensions: 42 × 41 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 28.50 × 27.50 m courtyard dimensions of the outer fortifications.The fort has external dimensions of 15.50 × 15.20 m (excluding tower projections), and the courtyard measures 6.70 × 5.70 m.The reconstructed height of the outer fortification is approximately 4.40 m, and the reconstructed height of the fort itself is approximately 5.90 m (Fig. 161). The cistern has a diameter of 6.50 m with a dome approximately 5 m high above ground level. The cistern was sunk at least 5 m into the ground (Fig. 162).Building material: Rubble masonry in mortar bond.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged, especially the outer fortification, which is only partially recognizable as aground plan.Inscriptions: None known. ... Dating: The rubble stone structure, built under irregular(ruined state of the predecessor building) using an older building made of fired bricks (35/35/12 cm and 35/35/10 cm), was probably erected in the early Islamic period on the remains of a Sasanian building.fn 75 Robat Sangi Dehmeh was surveyed on May 23, 1993.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 90 Robat Shahneshin : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.387853 long 52.865957 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: unable to locate VARIANT names: Robat Shahneshin , ※ SOURCE for Robat Shahneshin « Robat Shahneshin (Taf. 15,3.4; 16,1) (Abb. 5; 147) 102Lage: 51 km nordwestlich von Abarku (Abarkuh), 6 km nordwestlich von Robat Aval und etwa 20 km (Luftlinie) südöstlich von Robat Dovom, an der alten, direkten Karawanenstrecke von Esfahan über Esfandan nach Abarku, in + 1620 m ü. N. N. In der Längsachse des Karavanserails steht der >> Kleine Bau«, aus drei Räumen bestehend (zwei Zimmer flankieren einen Iwan), mit 12,90 × 5,10 m Außenabmessun-gen und einer Gebäudehöhe von 3,60 m (Abb. 147).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier winkel-förmigen Stallabteilungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und Rundtürmen an den Ecken und an den Courtinen (Abb. 148).Abmessungen: Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge) 30 × 29 m, Hofabmessungen 18,50 × 17,50 m, Höhe des Portal-baus 5,20 m (Abb. 148).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört, insbesondere die Innenbebauung, als Schafhürde ge-nutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch. 102 Robat Shahneshin wurde am 2. 3. 1992 vermessen. [Robat Shahneshin (Taf. 15,3.4; 16,1) (Abb. 5; 147) 102Lage: 51 km nordwestlich von Abarku (Abarkuh), 6 km nordwestlich von Robat Aval und etwa 20 km (Luftlinie) südöstlich von Robat Dovom, an der alten, direkten Karawanenstrecke von Esfahan über Esfandan nach Abarku, in + 1620 m ü. N. N. In der Längsachse des Karavanserails steht der >> Kleine Bau«, aus drei Räumen bestehend (zwei Zimmer flankieren einen Iwan), mit 12,90 × 5,10 m Außenabmessun-gen und einer Gebäudehöhe von 3,60 m (Abb. 147).Das Karavanserail:Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier winkel-förmigen Stallabteilungen, vorgezogenem Portalbau und Rundtürmen an den Ecken und an den Courtinen (Abb. 148).Abmessungen: Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge) 30 × 29 m, Hofabmessungen 18,50 × 17,50 m, Höhe des Portal-baus 5,20 m (Abb. 148).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört, insbesondere die Innenbebauung, als Schafhürde ge-nutzt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch. 102 Robat Shahneshin wurde am 2. 3. 1992 vermessen.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 85 Robat Shahr-e Babak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.063837 long 54.773876 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: cannot confirm location VARIANT names: Robat Shahr-e Babak , ※ SOURCE for Robat Shahr-e Babak « Robat Shahr-e Babak (Abb. 4; 142)(58)Lage: 36 km westlich Shahr-e Babak, 4 km östlich Ribat, am Ostrand der Salzpfanne, die die Provinzen Yazd und Kerman von Fars trennt, etwa 40 km östlich von Herat (Provinz Yazd), an einer Route von Kerman nach Tashk und Shiraz. in + 1600 m ü. Ν. Ν.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen, keine ausgebildeten Stallungen, runde, später verstärkte Eck- und Courti-nentürme und eine Bastion als jüngere Verstärkung des Tores. In Hofmitte ein minarettartiger Turmstumpf, der als Mil (Karawanenrichtturm) gewertet werden kann.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 53 × 49,50 m, Hofabmessungen 40 × 33,50 m, Höhe der Außen-mauern 6,50 m, Höhe des Torbollwerkes 9 m (Abb. 142). Die Innenbebauung ist in den Türmen zweigeschossig (Abb. 143); der Turm im Hof ist noch über 12 m hoch erhalten.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Durch einen späteren Dorfeinbau ist das Robat baulich stark verändert worden, doch sind große Teile der ursprünglichen Anlage in der jüngeren Dorfbebauung (Ruine) noch erkennbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in frühislamischer Zeit er-baut.58 Die Ruine wurde am 9. 3. 1986 vermessen. [Robat Shahr-e Babak (Fig. 4; 142)(58)Location: 36 km west of Shahr-e Babak, 4 km east of Ribat, on the eastern edge of the salt pan separating the provinces of Yazd and Kerman from Fars, about 40 km east of Herat (Yazd Province), on a route from Kerman to Tashk and Shiraz. Elevation: 1600 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard complex with two iwans, no developed stables, round corner and curtain towers (later reinforced), and a bastion as a later addition to the gate. In the center of the courtyard is a minaret-like tower stump, which may have been a mil (caravan execution tower). ``` Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 53 × 49.50 m, courtyard dimensions 40 × 33.50 m, height of the outer walls 6.50 m, height of the gate bastion 9 m (Fig. 142). The interior buildings in the towers have two stories (Fig. 143); the tower in the courtyard is still preserved to a height of over 12 m.Building material: Mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Due to later village development, the robat has been significantly altered, but large parts of the original structure are still recognizable in the more recent village buildings (ruins).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the early Islamic period.58 The ruins were surveyed on March 9, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 86 Robat Sharaf Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.266541 long 60.655093 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat sharf کاروانسرای رباط شرف VARIANT names: Robat Sharaf Caravanserai , Robat-e Sharaf , Robat-e Sharaf caravanseai , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sharaf « Typ: Doppelhofkaravanserail mit Arkadengängen um den Innenhof und vier Iwanen. Im Vorhof ebenfalls vier Iwane. Fünfseitige und runde Eck- und Courtinentürme und vorspringende Portalbauten an der Außenfassade und an der Hoffassade (Abb. 52).Abmessungen: 98 x 62 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge, 32,50 x 19 m Weite des Vorhofes und 31,50 × 31,50 m Weite des Innenhofes. Die Höhe der Umfassungsmauer betrug etwa 8,50 m und die des äußeren Portalbaus etwa 13,50 m. [Type: Double-courtyard caravanserai with arcades around the inner courtyard and four iwans. The outer courtyard also contains four iwans. It features pentagonal and round corner and curtain towers and projecting portal structures on the outer and inner facades (Fig. 52).Dimensions: 98 x 62 m (external dimensions excluding projections), 32.50 x 19 m (outer courtyard), and 31.50 x 31.50 m (inner courtyard). The height of the perimeter wall was approximately 8.50 m, and that of the outer gate structure approximately 13.50 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sharaf caravanseai «1668-005 Robāt-e Sharaf Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 15 59.65 E60 39 18.58 1.12 ha 82.16 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Robat Shur Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.861673 long 57.804227 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat shor کاروانسرای رباط شور VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat Shur , Robat Shur Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat Shur « Karavanserail Robat Shur bei Ferdows (Tun) (Taf. 33,4-34,3) (Abb. 5 und 105) (117) Lage: Etwa 35 km östlich Boshruiyeh, 35 km südwest-lich von Ferdows und 23 km nördlich Robat-e Khoshab, in +1140 m ü. N. N., an dem alten Karawanenweg von Tabas nach Ferdows (Tun) und Mashhad.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, drei Stallabtei-lungen, einem vorspringenden Portalbau und Rundtürmen an den Ecken und Courtinen. Abmessungen: 46 × 34 m Außenmaße ohne Vorsprün-ge, 22,20 × 18,30 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portalbaus etwa 11 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise einge-stürzt, wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 117 Robat Shur bei Ferdows wurde am 12.3.1977 vermessen. [Robat Shur Caravanserai near Ferdows (Tun) (Plates 33.4–34.3) (Figs. 5 and 105) (117)Location: Approximately 35 km east of Boshruiyeh, 35 km southwest of Ferdows, and 23 km north of Robat-e Khoshab, at an elevation of 1140 m above sea level, on the old caravan route from Tabas to Ferdows (Tun) and Mashhad.Type: Court caravanserai with four iwans, three stable sections, a projecting gateway, and round towers at the corners and curtain walls.Dimensions: 46 × 34 m external dimensions without overhangs, 22.20 × 18.30 m courtyard dimensions, height of the gatehouse approximately 11 m.Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Partially collapsed, used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 117 Robat Shur near Ferdows was surveyed on March 12, 1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 75 Robat Shur Gaz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.350333 long 59.588594 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ribat (Ruined fort) , Robat Shur Gaz , Rubat caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Ribat (Ruined fort) « Ribat (Ruined fort) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. H-40R Nasratabad_Sipi} ※ SOURCE for Robat Shur Gaz « Robat Shur Gaz (Shurgaz) (Abb. 4; 186)Lage: 56 km nordöstlich von Mil-e Naderi, 78 km süd-westlich Nosrat Abad und 190 km westlich von Zahedan, an der Provinzgrenze Kerman/Sistan va Balucestan, am Weg von Kerman nach Zahedan und weiter nach Pakistan und Indien.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen, keine Stallungen, nur Kammern an den Außenmauern und runde Eck- und Cour-tinentürme.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 46 x 45 m, Hofabmessungen 28,20 × 27,70 m. Die Lehmziegelmauern sind nur noch teilweise bis in eine Höhe von rund 2 m erhalten.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel von 6-8 cm Stärke. Längen-maße waren nicht zu ermitteln.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark zerstört und verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vorsafavidisch [Robat Shur Gaz (Shurgaz) (Fig. 4; 186)Location: 56 km northeast of Mil-e Naderi, 78 km southwest of Nosrat Abad, and 190 km west of Zahedan, on the Kerman/Sistan va Baluchestan provincial border, on the road from Kerman to Zahedan and onward to Pakistan and India.Type: Farmstead with two iwans, no stables, only chambers along the outer walls, and round corner and curtain towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 46 x 45 m, courtyard dimensions 28.20 × 27.70 m. The mudbrick walls are only partially preserved to a height of approximately 2 m.Building material: Mudbricks 6–8 cm thick. Length measurements could not be determined.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged and dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably pre-Safavide.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 109 ※ SOURCE for Rubat caravanserai « RUBAT OR RIBAT-A caravansarai and considerable ruined fort, 22 miles beyond Shur Ghaz, on the road from Bam to Sistan. (Euan-Smith.) » #3256 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Gazetteer of Persia Vol. IV, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, 1892 ~ p. 327 Robat Takht-e Langar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.014123 long 59.476404 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Takht-e Langar , ※ SOURCE for Robat Takht-e Langar « Robat Takht-e Langar (Taf. 14,2 und 14,3) (32)(Abb. 5 und 39/40)Lage: 18 km östlich Karavanserail Fakhr Davud, etwa 13 km westlich von Emam Taqi (Abzweig der Route nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh) und 3 km südwestlich des Karawanenortes Sharif Abad, in + 1480 m ü. N. N., an der südlichen Karawanenroute von Neyshabur nach Mashhad.Typ: Ein ursprünglich dreischiffiger Hallenbau (Abb. 39/40, links) wurde, wahrscheinlich nach einer ge-waltsamen, partiellen Zerstörung, zur vierseitigen Hofanla-ge einer Karawanenstation ausgebaut (Abb. 39/40, rechts).Abmessungen: Ursprünglicher Hallenbau 45 × 16,30 m Außenmaße, Gebäudehöhe rekonstruiert etwa 5,50 m. Ab-messungen der jüngeren Hofanlage 75 × 72 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und Lehmziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen, partiell vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Der ursprüngliche Hallenbau möglicher-weise spätsafavidisch, die Hofanlage in zwei Bauphasen in qadjarischer Zeit errichtet. fn 32 Robat Takht-e Langar wurde am 17. 10. 1994 vermessen, [Robat Takht-e Langar (Plates 14.2 and 14.3) (32)(Figs. 5 and 39/40)Location: 18 km east of the Fakhr Davud caravanserai, about 13 km west of Emam Taqi (junction of the route to Torbat-e Heydariyeh) and 3 km southwest of the caravan town of Sharif Abad, at an elevation of 1480 m above sea level, on the southern caravan route from Neyshabur to Mashhad.Type: An originally three-aisled hall (Figs. 39/40, left) was, probably after a violent, partial destruction, expanded into a four-sided courtyard complex of a caravan station (Figs. 39/40, right).Dimensions: Original hall structure 45 × 16.30 m (external dimensions), reconstructed building height approximately 5.50 m. Dimensions of the later courtyard complex 75 × 72 m.Building materials: Rubble stone and mud bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated, partially completely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The original hall structure possibly dates to the late Safavid period; the courtyard complex was built in two phases during the Qajar period.fn 32 Robat Takht-e Langar was surveyed on October 17, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 35 Robat Zeyn-od-Din Caparkhaneh : arch. site IRN (chaparkhaneh) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.411381 long 54.706491 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat Zeyn-od-Din Caparkhaneh , ※ SOURCE for Robat Zeyn-od-Din Caparkhaneh « Lage: 39 km südöstlich von Sar Yazd, 24 km nord westlich vom Karavanserail Kermanshahan, in +1470m N.N., an der Straße von Yazd nach Rafsandjan und Kerman. Am Ort steht das Rundkaravanserail, ein Caparkhaneh und eine Zisterne (Abb. 98) [Location: 39 km southeast of Sar Yazd, 24 km northwest of the Kermanshahan caravanserai, at an altitude of 1470 m above sea level, on the road from Yazd to Rafsanjan and Kerman. The site contains the round caravanserail, a Caparkhaneh and a cistern (Fig. 98).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 Robat-e Dahaneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.948099 long 56.789272 NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Dahaneh , رباط دهنه , VARIANT names: Robat-e Dahaneh , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Dahaneh « Robat-e Dahaneh (Taf. 27,3) (Abb. 5 und 80) (98)Lage: 9 km südwestlich Robat-e Shir Geshk, 29 km nördlich Cahar Deh und 27 km nordöstlich Robat-e Gur (Kur), in + 1060 m ü. N. N., an den Karawanenwegen von Neyshabur nach Tabas und nach Yazd.Typ: Hallenbau mit mehreren Räumen und vorgezoge nem Eingangsiwan.Abmessungen: 22 x 16,60 m Außenmaße, Breite desStalles 5,10 m. Gebäudehöhe etwa 7 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten, wird als Stallung genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 98 Robat-e Dahaneh wurde am 11.3. 1977 vermessen. [ 1,166 Robat-e Dahaneh (Plate 27.3) (Figs. 5 and 80) (98) Location: 9 km southwest of Robat-e Shir Geshk, 29 km north of Cahar Deh, and 27 km northeast of Robat-e Gur (Kur), at an elevation of 1060 m above sea level, on the caravan routes from Neyshabur to Tabas and to Yazd.Type: Hall-like structure with several rooms and a projecting entrance iwan.Dimensions: 22 x 16.60 m external dimensions, width of thestable 5.10 m. Building height approximately 7 m.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved, used as a stable.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 98Robat-e Dahaneh was surveyed on March 11, 1977.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 59 Robat-e Emrani (Amrani) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.559419 long 58.711455 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Robat-e Emrani (Amrani) , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Emrani (Amrani) « Robat-e Emrani (Amrani) (Abb. 5)Lage: 20 km südlich Robat-e Kamani und 24 km nörd-lich Gonabad.Nicht vermessene Station. [Robat-e Emrani (Amrani) (Fig. 5)Location: 20 km south of Robat-e Kamani and 24 km north of Gonabad.Unsurveyed station.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 Robat-e Golshotor (Gulshutur) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.314611 long 60.807807 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) Supplement: unable to locate. position based on Kleiss inadequate directions VARIANT names: Robat-e Golshotor (Gulshutur) , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Golshotor (Gulshutur) « Robat-e Golshotor (Gulshutur) (Abb. 5) (85)Lage: 90 km südöstlich von Salamey und 51 km östlich von Sangan, an der afghanischen Grenze am Karawanenweg von Gonabad über Robat-e Kal Djangi nach Ghurian in Afghanistan und nach Herat.Das überlieferte Karavanserail ist nicht vermessen. fn 85 Ebenda, 570. [Robat-e Golshotor (Gulshutur) (Fig. 5) (85)Location: 90 km southeast of Salamey and 51 km east of Sangan, on the Afghan border on the caravan route from Gonabad via Robat-e Kal Djangi to Ghurian in Afghanistan and to Herat.The caravanserail has not been surveyed.fn 85 Ibid., 570.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 56 Robat-e Howz-e Pa-ye Sang : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.259876 long 54.357123 NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Howz-e Pa-ye Sang , رباط حوض پای سنگ , VARIANT names: gallant vawlt with water (?) , Robat-e Howz-e Pa-ye Sang , ※ SOURCE for gallant vawlt with water (?) « The 26. day we trauelled some 4. forsongs to a place where was a gallant vawlt with water. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 52 Robat-e Howz-e Sefid : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.377817 long 54.253889 NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Howz-e Sefid , دباط حوض سفید , VARIANT names: Robat-e Howz-e Sefid , Robat-e Kal-e Jangi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.399525 long 59.646077 NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Kal-e Jangi , رباط کال جنگی , VARIANT names: Baq'baskhi Caravanserai , Robat-e Kal Djangi , Robat-e Kal-e Jangi , ※ SOURCE for Baq'baskhi Caravanserai Rabat Bagh Bakhshi رباط باغ بخشی ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Kal Djangi « Robat-e Kal Djangi (Abb. 5 und 6) (84)Lage: 90 km östlich Gonabad, 25 km westlich Zuzan, am Weg von Tabas und Gonabad nach Ghunian in Afghani-stan und nach Herat. Karavanserail ist nicht vermessen oder eine iranische Vermessung nicht publiziert. fn 84 Ebenda, Blatt II-31-D. » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 56 Robat-e Kamani (Kamaneh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.77228 long 58.848378 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Robat-e Kamani (Kamaneh) , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Kamani (Kamaneh) « Robat-e Kamani (Kamaneh) (Abb. 5)Lage: 31 km südlich Mahneh und 20 km nördlich Emrani, an der Straße von Torbat-e Heydariyeh nach Gonabad in der Steppe.Nicht vermessene Station. [Robat-e Kamani (Kamaneh) (Fig. 5)Location: 31 km south of Mahneh and 20 km north of Emrani, on the road from Torbat-e Heydariyeh to Gonabad in the steppe.Unsurveyed station.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 Robat-e Khan c. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.366419 long 56.070453 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Robat-e Khan c. رباط خان VARIANT names: Gusta (?) , Khan caravanserai , Robat-e Khan c. , Robat-i-Khan c. , ※ SOURCE for Gusta (?) « The 21. day we trauelled some 6. forsongs to a towne called Gusta, where we rested a day and a night. » ##3481 Robert Couverte, A true and almost incredible report of an Englishman, that ..., Printed by William Hall, for Thomas Archer and Richard Redmer, London, 1612 ~ ~ p. 51 ※ SOURCE for Khan caravanserai «1668-044 Khān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N33 21 58.97 E56 4 13.49 0.34 ha 8.67 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Khan c. « Robat-e Khan (Taf. 29,I-30, I) (Abb. 5 und 89) (102) Lage: 27 km südwestlich von Kalmard und r8 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Ceshmeh Shotoran, an der Straße von Neyshabur und Tabas nach Yazd. 2. Das Karavanserail (Abb. 91) Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, drei Staliabtei_ lungen, Kuppeln über dem Eingangsbereich und Wind_ Turm an der Außenseite des Südflügels. Abmessungen: 51,80 x 51,80 m Außenmaße, 26,50 X 26,5° m Hofabmessungen, Gebäudehöhe 6 m. Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel, in den Wölbungen mit Farbunterschieden.fn. 102 Die Gebäude in Robat-e Khan wurden am 3.3. 1976 vermessen. [Robat-e Khan (Plates 29, I-30, I) (Figs. 5 and 89) (102) Location: 27 km southwest of Kalmard and 8 km northeast of Robat-e Ceshmeh Shotoran, on the road from Neyshabur and Tabas to Yazd. 2. The Caravanserai (Fig. 91) Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, three stalia sections, domes over the entrance area, and a wind tower on the outside of the south wing. Dimensions: 51.80 x 51.80 m exterior dimensions, 26.50 x 26.50 m courtyard dimensions, building height 6 m. Building material: Fired bricks, with color variations in the vaults.fn. 102 The buildings in Robat-e Khan were completed on March 3. Surveyed in 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ pp. 64-5 ※ SOURCE for Robat-i-Khan c. « After the animals had rested, we went on through a rather sandy tract of country to Robat-i-Khan, distant 39 miles from our starting-point. Robat-i-Khan is a small village, strongly fortified with a high toFer outside it, and a large caravanserai. There is a spring of brackish water which fills a tank. Some little distance off there is a fine haoz or reservoir containing sweet water. A great inany pilgrims mere collected in the caravanserai at this place in consequence of the petty official of the Khan of Tabbas, who was stationed here with a few mounted men to guard the frontier of Ichorasan, declaring that he hacl orders to prevent any one going on, as a band of marauding Biluchis had possession of the road a few miles from Robat-i- Khan. » #1787 Stewart, C. E., The Country of the Tekke Turkomans, and the Tejend and Murghab Rivers, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1881 (Sep.), 3:9:513-46 ~ p. 520 Robat-e Kuhna : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.715728 long 59.390976 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Robat-e Kuhna , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Kuhna « Robat-e Kuhna 7 km südlich von Robat-e Sefid (Abb. 5 und 62) (64)Lage: 7 km südlich des Karavanserails Robat-e Sefid, am Wege nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh, in + 1940 m ü. N. N.Typ: Rechteckbau mit Eingangsraum, flankierenden Wohnräumen und langgestrecktem Stall.Abmessungen: 15,60 × 8,90 m Außenmaße.Baumaterial: Bruchstein im Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch im Grundriß meßbar.Inschrift: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich safavidisches bis qadjari-sches Stationsgebäude. Zwischen Robat-e Kuhna und dem Karavanserail Robat-e Sefid führt der Karawanenweg durch die Schlucht (Taf. 22,4). fn 64 AMI N.F. 8, 1975, 152. [Robat-e Kuhna 7 km south of Robat-e Sefid (Figs. 5 and 62) (64)Location: 7 km south of the Robat-e Sefid caravanserail, on the road to Torbat-e Heydariyeh, at an elevation of 1940 m above sea level.Type: Rectangular building with an entrance hall, flanking living quarters, and an elongated stable.Dimensions: 15.60 × 8.90 m external dimensions.Building material: Rubble stone in mortar bond.Structural features and condition: Only measurable in plan.Inscription: None known.Dating: Probably a Safavid to Qadjarian station building. The caravan route runs through the gorge between Robat-e Kuhna and the Robat-e Sefid caravanserai (Plate 22.4).fn 64 AMI N.F. 8, 1975, 152.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 47 Robat-e Kur : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 33.739429 long 56.496917 NIMA/GNS names: Robat Gur , Robat Kur , Robat-e Gur , Robat-e Kur , رباط گور , VARIANT names: Rabat-gur , Robat-e Gur , Robat-e Kur , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-gur « At length we cross a broad and deep main furrow also directed eastwards. At its right bank stands a ruined caravanserai, and a new caravanserai appears a little in front of us. ... At last we pitch our camp before Rabat-gur or the "wild asses' caravanserai," and here have descended again to an altitude of 3150 feet. The caravanserai is well built of burnt bricks, mostly taken from the ruins of the older caravanserais in the neighbourhood. It was erected four-teen years ago, at the expense of a rich merchant of Yezd, Haji Mirza Hussein, and is said to have cost 4000 tuman. The travellers who come here in winter when it is cold and windy and can creep into its lee and find shelter in its numerous rooms and niches, and those who travel in the burning days of summer and find a refuge from the heat in the cool shadow of these same niches-all ought to appreciate the liberality of Haji Mirza Hussein » #3654 Sven Hedin, Overland To India, Macmillan and Co., London, 1910 ~ vol. 2 p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Gur « Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Taf. 27,4) (Abb. 5 und 81) (99)Lage: 52 km westlich von Tabas, 27 km südwestlich von Robat-e Dahaneh und 38 km nordöstlich von Kalmard, an der Straße von Neyshabur nach Yazd und an der Straße von Tabas nach Yazd. Die Ortsbezeichnung Robat-e Gur (Kur) umfaßt das Karavanserail, in +920 m ü. N. N., einen Ziegelbrennofen aus der Bauzeit des Karavanserails, eine Zisterne (Abanbar) und die Ruine eines Robats östlich des Karavanserails. In 4 km Entfernung liegen - östlich der Straße nach Yazd - die Ruinen des Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan und der umliegenden Gebäude und Zister-nen, in + 890 m ü. N.N.2. Das Robat (Abb. 83)Lage: 1 km östlich des Karavanserails, in +910 m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofanlage mit Rundtürmen an den Ecken und anden Courtinen.Abmessungen: 43,50×43 m Außenmaße ohne Vor-sprünge, 27 x 27 m Hofabmessungen.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Eingangs-bereich ist iwanartig in den Innenhof hineingezogen, wie es bei frühislamischen Robaten häufig auftritt. Einzelheiten sind nur an den äußeren Befestigungsanlagen erkennbar. Der Bau ist im wesentlichen vollständig eingestürzt und nur als Schuttberg erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in frühislamischer bis seld-schukischer Zeit erbaut.fn 100 Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan wurde am 4. 3. 1976 vermessen. [Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Plate 27.4) (Figs. 5 and 81) (99)Location: 52 km west of Tabas, 27 km southwest of Robat-e Dahaneh, and 38 km northeast of Kalmard, on the road from Neyshabur to Yazd and on the road from Tabas to Yazd. The site name Robat-e Gur (Kur) encompasses the caravanserai, at 920 m above sea level, a brick kiln dating from the time of the caravanserai's construction, a cistern (abanbar), and the ruins of a robat east of the caravanserai. Four kilometers away—east of the road to Yazd—lie the ruins of Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan and the surrounding buildings and cisterns, at 890 m above sea level. N.N.2. The Robat (Fig. 83)Location: 1 km east of the caravanserai, at 910 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard complex with round towers at the corners and alongthe curtain walls.Dimensions: 43.50 × 43 m external dimensions without projections, 27 × 27 m courtyard dimensions.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: The entrance area extends into the courtyard like an iwan, a common feature of early Islamic robats. Details are only discernible on the outer fortifications. The structure has essentially collapsed completely and survives only as a pile of rubble.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built during the early Islamic to Seljuk period.fn 100 Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan was surveyed on March 4, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ pp. 59-60 Robat-e Miyandasht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.600215 long 59.337353 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat-e Miyandasht , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Miyandasht « Robat-e Miyandasht (Robat-e Zarvindasht) (Taf. 23.3 und 23.4) (Abb. 5 and 64) (67)Lage: 7 km südlich von Karavanserail Assad Abad und 17 km nordöstlich von Robat-e Sang, rund 75 km südlich von Mashhad, in + 1640m ü.N.N., an der Strafie von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Typ: Hallenbau mit zentralem Stall und umlaufendem Stallgang.Abmessungen: 29,80 x 24,80 m Außenmatie und 6,80 m Gebäudehöhe.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/3 cm) auf Bruchsteinsockel.Banliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Starke Zerstö rungen an den westlichen und östlichen Außenseiten, die ethaltenen Teile werden als Scheune genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit als Zwischenkaravanserail erbaut.fn 67 Robat-e Miyandasht wurde am 12.10.1995 vermessen. [Robat-e Miyandasht (Robat-e Zarvindasht) (Plates 23.3 and 23.4) (Figs. 5 and 64) (67)Location: 7 km south of the Assad Abad Caravanserai and 17 km northeast of Robat-e Sang, approximately 75 km south of Mashhad, at an elevation of 1640 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Type: Hall-like structure with a central stable and surrounding stable passage.Dimensions: 29.80 x 24.80 m exterior area and 6.80 m building height.Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/3 cm) on a rubble stone foundation.Special features and condition: Severe damage to the western and eastern exterior walls; the remaining sections are used as a barn.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Qajar period as an intermediate caravanserail.fn 67 Robat-e Miyandasht was surveyed on October 12, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 49 Robat-e Posht-e Badam Carvansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.016663 long 55.559046 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat posht badam کاروانسرای رباط پشت بادام VARIANT names: Robat-e Posht-e Badam Carvansary , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Posht-e Badam Carvansary « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen und Kuppel über dem Eingang (Abb. 89).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 95,50 × 48 m, Hofabmes-sungen 36 x 28 m, Höhe der Fassaden 6 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable compartments, and a dome over the entrance (Fig. 89).Dimensions: External dimensions 95.50 × 48 m, courtyard dimensions 36 × 28 m, facade height 6 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 58 « [Kleiss Dimensions 95.50 x 48 m Should read about 60.50 x 48 m (see Abb. 89 p. 59)] PBR » Robat-e Sang : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.54797 long 59.195984 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Robat-e Sang , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sang « Robat-e Sang (Abb. 5) (68)Lage: 17 km südwestlich Robat-e Miyandasht, 14 km nördlich Karavanserail Torusaq (Kameh) und 32 km nordlich von Torbat-e Heydariyeh, in + 1670 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh.Das in Bruchsteinen errichtete Karavanserail ist völlig zerstört und abgetragen. Plan liegt nicht vor. [ 339 Robat-e Sang (Fig. 5) (68)Location: 17 km southwest of Robat-e Miyandasht, 14 km north of the Torusaq (Kameh) caravanserai, and 32 km north of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, at an elevation of 1670 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh.The caravanserai, built of rubble stone, is completely destroyed and demolished. No plan exists.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 49 Robat-e Sangi (Robat Qal'eh Sangi) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.37684 long 51.896702 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat-e Sangi (Robat Qal'eh Sangi) , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Sangi (Robat Qal'eh Sangi) « Robat-e Sangi (Robat Qal'eh Sangi) südlich Na?anz (Taf. 21,4; 22,1) (Abb. 12; 178) (101)Lage: 12 km östlich des Ortes Tarq (Straße Murceh-khort - Natanz), an der alten Karawanenstraße von Natanz nach Esfahan, die hier identisch ist mit dem safavidischen Kö-nigsweg von Esfahan nach Farahabad an der Kaspischen Kü-ste.Typ: Doppelhofanlage mit umgebenden Räumen, ohne spezielle Iwan-Bildung, aber mit dreigeschossiger Turmanla-ge in Form eines Donjon mit geschütztem Eingang.Abmessungen: Größte Ausdehnung 78 x 40 m und 53 x 48 m. Der Turmbau 15,20 x 15,40 m Außenmaße, ohne Por-talvorbau, und mindestens 10,50 m Höhe.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Turm hatte als oberen Abschluß eine Art Zahnschnitt (Abb. 179), ähnlich dem alberen Abschluß beim Robat Sangi bei Qom (102). Der Turm ist gartiell restauriert, das Robat sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Frühislamisch, wahrscheinlich seldschukisch.Abb. 180 Turmruine am weg zwischen Kobat-e Sangi und Robat-e Soltan, Grundriß und Schnittfn 101 Siroux, Anciennes voies besucht. 44 ff. - Die Ruine wurde am 14. 5. 1991fn 102 Kleiss, Karawanenbauten in Iran, Teil II, 59 Abb.95. [Robat-e Sangi (Robat Qal'eh Sangi) south of Natanz (Plates 21.4; 22.1) (Figs. 12; 178) (101)Location: 12 km east of the town of Tarq (Murceh-khort - Naanz road), on the old caravan route from Naanz to Isfahan, which here coincides with the Safavid royal road from Isfahan to Farahabad on the Caspian coast.Type: Double courtyard complex with surrounding rooms, without a dedicated iwan, but with a three-story tower structure in the form of a keep with a protected entrance.Dimensions: Largest dimensions 78 x 40 m and 53 x 48 m. The tower structure has external dimensions of 15.20 x 15.40 m, excluding the portico, and a minimum height of 10.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The tower had a dentil course at the top (Fig. 179), similar to the slender top at Robat Sangi near Qom (102). The tower has been partially restored, while the robat is in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Early Islamic, probably Seljuk.Fig. 180 Tower ruin on the road between Kobat-e Sangi and Robat-e Soltan, ground plan and section.fn 101 Siroux, Anciennes voies, pp. 44 ff. - The ruin was visited on May 14, 1991.fn 102 Kleiss, Karawanenbauten in Iran, Part II, p. 59, Fig. 95.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 94 Robat-e Shah `Abbasi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.303843 long 51.37472 NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , Robat-e `Abbasi , Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , رباط عباسی , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Karavanserail Vandadeh , Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Vandadeh « Karavanserail Vandadeh/Vendadeh (Taf. 10,4-11,2) (Abb. 12; 80) (61)Lage: 30 km nördlich Murcehkhort (Morchel Khort/Murtchehkhort), am Vereinigungspunkt der Weg von Qazvin und Saveh nach Esfahan und von Qom und Ka-shan nach Esfahan, in +1930 m ü.N.N. Da zwischen Robat-e Tork und Karavanserail Vandadeh keine Karawanenstation bekannt ist, kann mit einem Halteplatz in Meymeh gerechnet werden.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, acht Stallabtei-lungen, Kuppel über dem Eingang, halbrunden Eck- und Courtinentürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. Im Oberge-schoß vor der Kuppel zwei oktogonale Räume (Abb. 81).Abmessungen: 64,80 x 56,30 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 34,50 x 26,90 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe der Kup-pel 10 m und Portalhöhe 10,30 m (Abb. 82).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf einem Steinpodest (Verkleidung).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Eingangs-fassade ist durch flache Spitzbogennischen gegliedert. Der Bau befindet sich in relativ gutem Zustand und wird wirt-schaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Eine Steininschrift 1013 H.-1603 A.D., In-schriftband über dem Portal ist verlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch, Zeit Shah Abbas' I.fn 61 Ebenda 162 ff. - Das Karavanserail wurde am 10. 3. 1984 und am 11. 1984 in Schnitten, Ansicht und Plan des Obergeschosses vermessen [Caravanserail Vandadeh/Vendadeh (Plates 10.4–11.2) (Figs. 12; 80) (61)Location: 30 km north of Murchehkhort (Morchel Khort/Murtchehkhort), at the junction of the roads from Qazvin and Saveh to Isfahan and from Qom and Kashan to Isfahan, at an elevation of 1930 m above sea level. Since no caravan station is known between Robat-e Tork and Caravanserail Vandadeh, a stop in Meymeh can be assumed.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, eight stable compartments, a dome over the entrance, semicircular corner and curtain towers, and a projecting portal. On the upper floor in front of the dome are two octagonal rooms (Fig. 81).Dimensions: 64.80 x 56.30 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 34.50 x 26.90 m courtyard dimensions. Dome height 10 m and portal height 10.30 m (Fig. 82).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.5 cm) on a stone plinth (cladding).Structural features and condition: The entrance facade is articulated by shallow pointed-arch niches. The building is in relatively good condition and is used for commercial purposes.Inscriptions: A stone inscription dated 1013 H.-1603 A.D.; the inscription band above the portal is lost.Dating: Safavid, time of Shah Abbas I.fn 61 Ibid. 162 ff. - The caravanserail was surveyed on March 10 and 11, 1984, including sections, elevations, and a plan of the upper floor.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 45 Robat-e Shah `Abbasi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Robat Aval , Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , ※ SOURCE for Robat Aval « Robat Aval (Taf. 16,2-4) (Abb. 5; 150) 103Lage: 6 km südöstlich von Robat Shahneshin und 45 km nordwestlich von Abarku (Abarkuh), in + 1610 m ü. N. N., am Karawanenweg von Esfahan über Esfandan nach Abar-kuh.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit dezentralem Eingang.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 18 x 17,60 m, Hofabmes-sungen 8,10 × 7,20 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich im 19. Jahrhundert erbaut. [Robat Aval (Plate 16.2-4) (Figs. 5; 150) 103Location: 6 km southeast of Robat Shahneshin and 45 km northwest of Abarku (Abarkuh), at an elevation of 1610 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Esfahan via Esfandan to Abarkuh.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with a side entrance.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 18 x 17.60 m, courtyard dimensions 8.10 x 7.20 m, building height 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the 19th century.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 86 Robat-e Shur : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.777778 long 56.842111 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: Unble to locate despite large dimensions VARIANT names: Dar'ulait caravanserai , Robat-e Shur , ※ SOURCE for Dar'ulait caravanserai « DAR'ULAIT-A caravanserai in Khorasan, 11 miles north of Tabas, on the Tün road via Deh-i-Muhammad and Bushrüich. (MacGregor.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 157 « DARULAITد رعولیتA caravanserai in Khorasan, 11 miles north of Tabas, on the Tun road via Deh-i-Muhammad and Bushruieh. (MacGregor.) » #3712 Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical gazetteer of Iran, Meshed and northeastern Iran, Akademische Drucku, Verlagsanstalt, 1976-1989 ~ p. 142 ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Shur « Robat-e Shur (Darulait) nördlich von Tabas (Abb. 5 und 101) (109)Lage: 17 km nördlich von Tabas, 40 km südlich von Deh Mohammad, an der Straße über Asfak (Esfark) nach Neyshabur und nach Ferdows (Tun). Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und umlaufender Stallung.Abmessungen: (Nach iranischer Vermessung) 55,80 × 55,50 m Außenmaße, 27 x 27m Hofabmessungen, Breite der Stallgänge 4,50 m. Höhenangaben können nicht ge-macht werden.Datierung: Der Bau ist wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit erbaut worden. Weitere Angaben können nicht gemacht werden.fn 109 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 58; L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 142. [Robat-e Shur (Darulait) north of Tabas (Figs. 5 and 101) (109)Location: 17 km north of Tabas, 40 km south of Deh Mohammad, on the road via Asfak (Esfark) to Neyshabur and to Ferdows (Tun).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and surrounding stables.Dimensions: (According to Iranian surveying) 55.80 × 55.50 m external dimensions, 27 x 27 m courtyard dimensions, width of stable passages 4.50 m. Elevation cannot be determined.Dating: The structure was probably built during the Safavid period. No further information is available.fn 109 W. Kleiss/M.Y. Kiani, Iranian Caravansarais, Vol. I, 1362/1983, 58; L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, 1981, 142. ] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 71 Robat-e Shurab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 33.715861 long 56.48939 VARIANT names: Robat-e Shur , Robat-e Shurab , Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan « Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Taf. 27,4) (Abb. 5 und 81) (99)Lage: 52 km westlich von Tabas, 27 km südwestlich von Robat-e Dahaneh und 38 km nordöstlich von Kalmard, an der Straße von Neyshabur nach Yazd und an der Straße von Tabas nach Yazd. Die Ortsbezeichnung Robat-e Gur (Kur) umfaßt das Karavanserail, in +920 m ü. N. N., einen Ziegelbrennofen aus der Bauzeit des Karavanserails, eine Zisterne (Abanbar) und die Ruine eines Robats östlich des Karavanserails. In 4 km Entfernung liegen - östlich der Straße nach Yazd - die Ruinen des Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan und der umliegenden Gebäude und Zister-nen, in + 890 m ü. N.N.3. Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan (Robat-e Shur) (Taf. 28,1 und 28,2) (Abb. 5 und 84) (100)Lage: 4 km südlich von Karavanserail Robat-e Gur (Kur), bei Quellen am Rand der Salzwüste von Tabas, an der Einmündung eines Wadis. In der Nähe des Karavan-serails stehen die Ruinen eines Unterkunftshauses (Abb. 84, Nr. 1), eines Wachtturmes (Abb. 84, Nr. 2), einer Latrine (Abb. 84, Nr. 3) und von zwei kleineren Zisternen.Typ: Das Karavanserail (Abb. 85) ist eine Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und zwei Stallungen, einem angebauten Eingangsiwan und einem angebauten Turmbau an der äuße ren Westmauer.Abmessungen: 51,50×41m Außenmaße ohne Anbau-ten, 29 x 27,80 m Hofabmessungen, erhaltene Gebäudehöhe 6,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein in Mörtelverband und gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm) in Gewölben und Kuppeln.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der gesamte Bau ist sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch bis qadjarisch.fn 99 Robat-e Gur (Kur) - Karavanserail und Robat - wurden am 1.1.1976 vermessen. fn 100 Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan wurde am 4. 3. 1976 vermessen. [Robat-e Gur (Robat-e Kur) (Plate 27.4) (Figs. 5 and 81) (99)Location: 52 km west of Tabas, 27 km southwest of Robat-e Dahaneh, and 38 km northeast of Kalmard, on the road from Neyshabur to Yazd and on the road from Tabas to Yazd. The site name Robat-e Gur (Kur) encompasses the caravanserai, at 920 m above sea level, a brick kiln dating from the time of the caravanserai's construction, a cistern (abanbar), and the ruins of a robat east of the caravanserai. Four kilometers away—east of the road to Yazd—lie the ruins of Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan and the surrounding buildings and cisterns, at 890 m above sea level. N.N.3. Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan (Robat-e Shur) (Plates 28.1 and 28.2) (Figs. 5 and 84) (100)Location: 4 km south of the Robat-e Gur (Kur) caravanserai, near springs on the edge of the Tabas salt desert, at the mouth of a wadi. Near the caravanserai are the ruins of a lodging house (Fig. 84, No. 1), a watchtower (Fig. 84, No. 2), a latrine (Fig. 84, No. 3), and two smaller cisterns.Type: The caravanserai (Fig. 85) is a courtyard complex with four iwans and two stables, an attached entrance iwan, and a tower attached to the outer western wall. Dimensions: 51.50 x 41 m external dimensions without extensions, 29 x 27.80 m courtyard dimensions, preserved building height 6.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone in mortar bond and fired bricks (22/22/5 cm) in vaults and domes.Structural features and condition: The entire structure is severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid to Qajar.fn 99 Robat-e Gur (Kur) - Caravanserai and Robat - were surveyed on January 1, 1976.fn 100 Robat-e Shur-Ab Ahmad Soltan was surveyed on March 4, 1976.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ pp. 59-60 Robat-e Soltan caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.125414 long 51.661708 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat-e Soltan , Robat-e Soltan caravanserai , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Robat-e Soltan caravanserai FOR Ribat Wazz [[unable to ratify] PBR], ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Soltan « Robat-e Soltan (Taf. 22,3.4) (Abb. 12; 181) (104)Lage: 58 km nördlich Esfahan, an einem Karawanenweg von Natanz über Robat-e Sangi - Robat-e Soltan - direkt oder über Gorgab und Gaz (Gez) nach Esfahan, in +1750 m ü.N.N.Typ: Aneinanderreihung mehrerer Hofanlagen an ein äl-teres Hofkaravanserail mit Iwanbildung (Abb. 181, schwarz angelegter Grundriß) und nordöstlich davon ein von Hof-mauern umgebener Zentralhof-Bau (Abb. 181, links). Abmessungen: Gesamtlänge der Anlage 285 m, Breite 87m. Größe des ursprünglichen Robats 87 x 62 m (ohne Vor-sprünge), Größe des Hofes 57 x 37,50 m. Größe des Zentral-baus 21 x 21 m, dessen Hofabmessungen betragen 11 x 11 m (Abb. 182). Die Portalhöhe des ursprünglichen Robats (Abb. 183) betrug 8,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Bausubstanz ist sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Zentralbau ist möglicherweise in spätsa-sanidischer Zeit, die Robatanlagen ab frühislamischer (sel-dschukischer?) Zeit in mehreren Bauphasen entstanden.fn 104 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 40ff. - Die Ruine wurde am 9. 3. 1984 besucht und dabei der Gesamtgrundriß ergänzt. [Robat-e Soltan (Plate 22.3.4) (Figs. 12; 181) (104)Location: 58 km north of Isfahan, on a caravan route from Natanz via Robat-e Sangi and Robat-e Soltan directly to Isfahan, or via Gorgab and Gaz (Gez), at an elevation of 1750 m above sea level.Type: A series of courtyard complexes adjoining an older courtyard caravanserai with an iwan (Fig. 181, black outline plan) and, to the northeast, a central courtyard building surrounded by courtyard walls (Fig. 181, left).Dimensions: Total length of the complex 285 m, width 87 m. The original robat measured 87 x 62 m (excluding projections), with a courtyard measuring 57 x 37.50 m. The central building measured 21 x 21 m, with a courtyard measuring 11 x 11 m (Fig. 182). The portal height of the original robat (Fig. 183) was 8.20 m.Building material: Rubble masonry in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: The building fabric is in a very advanced state of disrepair.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The central building may date from the late Sasanian period, while the robat complexes were constructed in several phases starting in the early Islamic (Seljuk?) period.fn 104 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 40ff. - The ruin was visited on March 9, 1984, and the overall ground plan was supplemented at that time.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 95 Robat-e Tork : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.758772 long 50.85022 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat-e Tork , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Tork « Robat-e Tork (Taf. 10,2. 3) (Abb. 12; 78) (60)Lage: 35 km südöstlich von Delidjan, 15 km südöstlich von Hastidjan, 52 km nordwestlich von Meymeh, an der Pro-vinzgrenze Markazi/Esfahan, in +1750 m ü.N.N., an der Route Qazvin - Saveh - Esfahan.Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen, drei Wohnhöfen und Räumen auf allen vier Hofseiten, runden Eck- und Courti-nentürmen, einem rechteckigen, größeren Turm an der Süd-ostseite und vorgezogenem Portalbau. In einer zweiten und dritten Bauphase verändert und der Hof partiell zugebaut.Abmessungen: 76,30 x 71,60 m Außenmaße, 45,80 x 44,60 m Hofabmessungen. Die Portalhöhe und die der Türme lassen sich auf 10,50 m rekonstruieren (Abb. 79).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf Bruchsteinunterbau.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Robat hat in seiner ersten Bauphase keinen Hinweis auf Hofarkaden gegeben. Der Bau war durch ein Dorf um- oder überbaut. Das Dorf ist verlegt worden, das Robat ist ein Ruinenplatz. M. Siroux konnte noch die drei Bauphasen trennen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Der Bau ist in seldschukischer Zeit errichter und zweimal verändert, in safavidischer und qadjarischer Zeit ausgebaut worden. In der modernen Dorfbesiedlung bis in die 2. Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts ist die Ruine verändert wor-den, dann verfallen. 60 Siroux, a.a.O., 75 ff. - Der Platz des zerstörten und überbauten Roba wurde am 30. 9. 1994 begangen. [Robat-e Tork (Plate 10.2.3) (Figs. 12; 78) (60)Location: 35 km southeast of Delijan, 15 km southeast of Hastidjan, 52 km northwest of Meymeh, on the Markazi/Isfahan provincial border, at an elevation of 1750 m above sea level, on the Qazvin-Saveh-Isfahan route.Type: Courtyard complex with two iwans, three residential courtyards, and rooms on all four sides, round corner and curtain towers, a larger rectangular tower on the southeast side, and a projecting gateway. Modified in a second and third construction phase, and the courtyard was partially enclosed.Dimensions: 76.30 x 71.60 m external dimensions, 45.80 x 44.60 m courtyard dimensions. The portal height and that of the towers can be reconstructed to be 10.50 m (Fig. 79).Building material: Fired bricks on a rubble stone foundation.Structural features and condition: The robat showed no evidence of courtyard arcades in its initial construction phase. The building was surrounded or built over by a village. The village has since been relocated, and the robat is now a ruin. M. Siroux was still able to distinguish the three construction phases.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: The building was erected in the Seljuk period and altered twice, and expanded in the Safavid and Qajar periods. During the modern village settlement up until the second half of the 20th century, the ruin was altered and subsequently fell into disrepair.60 Siroux, op. cit., 75 ff. - The site of the destroyed and built-over robat was inspected on September 30, 1994. ] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 45 Robat-e-Bibi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.132336 long 58.963808 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Robat-e-Bibi , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e-Bibi « Robat-e Bibi (Abb. 5)Lage: 27 km südwestlich von Torbat-e Heydariyeh und etwa 30 km nordöstlich von Mahneh, an der Straße nach Gonabad und 30 km nordöstlich von Feyz Abad, an der Straße nach Badjestan und Tabas.Ein Karavanserail ist überliefert, aber nicht vermessen. [Robat-e Bibi (Fig. 5)Location: 27 km southwest of Torbat-e Heydariyeh and about 30 km northeast of Mahneh, on the road to Gonabad and 30 km northeast of Feyz Abad, on the road to Badjestan and Tabas.A caravanserai is documented, but not surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 52 Robat-e-kohne Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.606772 long 54.532089 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat konpanneh کاروانسرای رباط کهنه VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sar Yazd , Robat-e-kohne Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sar Yazd « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen und vier Stall-abteilungen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 70,50 × 45,50 m, Hofab-messungen 46 × 29 m (Abb. 95), Höhe der Hof- und der Außenfassaden 6,90 m (Abb.96). [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four stable compartments.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 70.50 × 45.50 m, courtyard dimensions 46 × 29 m (Fig. 95), height of the courtyard and exterior facades 6.90 m (Fig. 96).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 Robat-e-kohne Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.606754 long 54.532073 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat konpanneh کاروانسرای رباط کهنه VARIANT names: Robat-e-kohne Caravanserai , Robat-i-Sang : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi , Ribat-i-Sang , Robat , Robat-e Sang , Robat-i-Sang , رباط , رباط سنگ , کاروانسرای شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: karvansaraye rabat , Karvansara-ye Shah `Abbasi (Zizeh) , Robat-i-Sang , Zizeh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Zizeh Caravanserai « Karavanserail Zizeh (Taf. 20,4; 21,1) (Abb. 12; 168)(98)Lage: 40 km südöstlich von Kashan und 44 km nord-westlich von Natanz, in +1450 m ü.N.N., am alten, direkten Karawanenweg von Kashan nach Natanz und weiter nach Es-fahan. Beim Karavanserail zwei Zisternen (98).Typ: Hofanlage, außen rund, Hof zwölfeckig, mit zwei Stallabteilungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außendurchmesser 45,50 m, Hofweite 19,80 m, Außenhöhe 4,70 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 10,10 m (Abb. 169).Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk, Portalbau aus ge-brannten Ziegeln.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Erheblich verfallen.Inschriftreste über dem Eingang 1270 H = 1854 A.D.Datierung: Qadjarisch.Im Bereich des Karavanserails wurde hellgraubraune (Abb. 170,2.3.5) und rötlichbraune, unglasierte Keramik (Abb.170,4), sowie türkisfarben glasierte (Abb. 170,6), weiß und blau glasierte (Abb. 170,7) und weiß glasierte Keramik (Abb. 170,8) gefunden. Ferner ein Bodenstück, bläulich bis grauweiß glasiert (Abb. 170, oben Mitte).fn 98 Siroux, Anciennes voies... 201 f. -Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 7. 3. 1980 vermessen. [Caravanserail Zizeh (Plates 20.4; 21.1) (Figs. 12; 168)(98)Location: 40 km southeast of Kashan and 44 km northwest of Nazanzat, at an elevation of 1450 m above sea level, on the old, direct caravan route from Kashan to Nazanzat and on to Isfahan. The caravanserail has two cisterns (98).Type: Farmstead, circular exterior, dodecagonal courtyard, with two stable sections and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: Outer diameter 45.50 m, courtyard width 19.80 m, exterior height 4.70 m, gatehouse height 10.10 m (Fig. 169).Building material: Rubble masonry, gatehouse made of fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Considerably dilapidated.Inscription fragments above the entrance: 1270 H = 1854 ADDating: Qajar.In the area of ??the caravanserail, light grayish-brown (Fig. 170.2, 3, 5) and reddish-brown unglazed pottery (Fig. 170.4), as well as turquoise-glazed (Fig. 170.6), white and blue glazed (Fig. 170.7), and white glazed pottery (Fig. 170.8) were found. Also found was a base fragment, glazed bluish to grayish-white (Fig. 170, top center).fn 98 Siroux, Anciennes voies... 201 ff. - Sections and views were surveyed on March 7, 1980.9] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 89 Robat'sefid Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.781776 long 59.386709 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat sefid کاروانسرای رباط سفید VARIANT names: Karavanserail Robat-e Sefid , karvansaraye rabat sefid , Robat'sefid Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Robat-e Sefid « Karavanserail Robat-e Sefid (Taf. 22,1-22,3) (Abb. 5 und 60) (63)Lage: 85 km südlich von Mashhad, 21 km südlich von Emam Taqi und 20 km nördlich Karavanserail Assad Abad, an der Route von Mashhad nach Torbat-e Heydariyeh Tabas Yazd, Kerman und Balucestan, in + 1720 m ü. N. N. Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei, nicht architektonisch hervorgehobenen Iwanen, einem Wohnhof in der Nord-ostecke, einem Stall in der Nordwestecke und einem durch 9 Kuppeln überdeckten, angebauten Hallen-Stallbau im Norden. Abmessungen: 63,50×41m Außenmaße, 31 × 25,70 m Hofabmessungen, 12,60 × 8 m Weite des langgestreckten, oktogonalen Wohnhofes und 6,70 m Durchmesser des Kuppelraumes in der Nordostecke. Höhe der Hoffassaden maximal 6,80 m, Höhe der Laterne über der Vierung des Hallenbaus 10,20 m (Abb. 61).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Laterne über der Vierung des Hallenbaus als zentrale Lichtquelle. Der Bau ist stark verfallen und partiell eingestürzt.Inschriften: Die Inschrift über dem Eingang zum Hallenbau ist verloren.Datierung: Safavidische Hofanlage mit angebautem qadjarischen Stallbau, Hallenbau und Wohnhof.fn 63 Karavanserail Robat-e Sefid wurde am 13.10.1994 vermessen. [Caravanserail Robat-e Sefid (Plates 22.1-22.3) (Figs. 5 and 60) (63)Location: 85 km south of Mashhad, 21 km south of Emam Taqi, and 20 km north of the Assad Abad caravanserail, on the route from Mashhad to Torbat-e Heydariyeh Tabas Yazd, Kerman, and Baluchestan, at an elevation of 1720 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with three iwans (not architecturally distinguished), a residential courtyard in the northeast corner, a stable in the northwest corner, and an attached hall-stable building to the north, covered by nine domes.Dimensions: 63.50 × 41 m external dimensions, 31 × 25.70 m courtyard dimensions, 12.60 × 8 m width of the elongated, octagonal residential courtyard, and 6.70 m diameter of the domed room in the northeast corner. Maximum height of the courtyard facades: 6.80 m, height of the lantern above the crossing of the hall: 10.20 m (Fig. 61).Building material: Fired bricks (21/21/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Lantern above the crossing of the hall serves as the central light source. The building is severely deteriorated and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: The inscription above the entrance to the hall is lost.Dating: Safavid farmstead with an attached Qajar stable, hall, and residential courtyard.Fn 63 Caravanserail Robat-e Sefid was surveyed on October 13, 1994.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 47 Rohi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.800901 long 48.516153 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Rohi Caravanserai , Roqani Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.615265 long 52.547555 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Roqani Caravanserai , Rostam caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.305983 long 53.53868 † basis (unknown) Supplement: exact location unknown. this location based on available . VARIANT names: Rostam caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Rostam caravanserai « Rostam Caravanserai is located 20 kilometers south of Bavanat city and 43 kilometers south of Bard-e Shiraz Caravanserai and on the southern slope of Mount Yaghi (fig 1). The caravanserai has a square plan of 40 x 40 meters with a central courtyard and surrounding rooms. There are rectangular rooms on three sides, east, north, and west, which are built using stone and mortar materials. The entrance to the building was also from the southwest side. This building has been destroyed over time due to various factors (figs 7 and 8). » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 488-489 Ruine am östlichen Eingang in den Talkessel von Bishapur : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.781678 long 51.578377 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Ruine am östlichen Eingang in den Talkessel von Bishapur , ※ SOURCE for Ruine am östlichen Eingang in den Talkessel von Bishapur « Ruine am östlichen Eingang in den Talkessel von Bishapur (Abb. 5; 71) (55)Lage: In der Ebene vor dem Eingang in den Talkessel südlich des Dorfes Pir-e Zabze (Sabzeh), und etwa 7 km (Länge des Talkessels) östlich der sasanidischen Stadtanlage von Bishapur%.Typ: Hofanlage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße etwa 16 × 16 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.stört. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-Inschriften: nicht bekannt.Datierung: Vor- bis frühislamische Station in Verbin-dung mit einem alten Straßenverlauf und einer Sperrmauer am Eingang in den Talkessel (Abb. 71).fn 55 AMI NE 6, 1973. 71. Die Lage der Raine wurde am 25.10. 1973 aufgenommen. [Ruins at the eastern entrance to the Bishapur basin (Figs. 5; 71) (55)Location: On the plain in front of the entrance to the basin, south of the village of Pir-e Zabze (Sabzeh), and about 7 km (length of the basin) east of the Sasanian city of Bishapur.Type: Farmstead.Dimensions: External dimensions approximately 16 × 16 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Disturbs. Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged.Inscriptions: Not known.Dating: Pre- to early Islamic station in connection with an old road and a barrier wall at the entrance to the basin (Fig. 71).fn 55 AMI NE 6, 1973. 71. The location of the boundary stones was recorded on October 25, 1973.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 45 Ruine eines Lehmziegelkaravanserails : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.921491 long 51.529858 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Aganeer serai (?) , Ruine eines Lehmziegelkaravanserails , ※ SOURCE for Aganeer serai (?) « By good road across open plain. At 5 miles pass the caravanserai of Madar-Shah, a very fine building, now falling to ruin. Beyond this, road, with slight ascent, passes between some low hills. At 10 miles, deserted guard-house. 11 miles, the ruined serai of Aganeer: » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 57 ※ SOURCE for Ruine eines Lehmziegelkaravanserails « Ruine eines Lehmziegelkaravanserails nördlich Gorgab bei Esfahan (Abb. 12; 96) (68)Lage: 30 km nördlich von Esfahan, 2 km südlich der Station Bagherabad, am Weg Gorgab Murcehkhort, in +1670 m ü.N.N.fn 68 Die Ruine wurde am 8. 9. 1991 in Schrittmaßen aufgenommen. [Ruins of a mud-brick caravanserai north of Gorgab near Esfahan (Fig. 12; 96) (68)Location: 30 km north of Esfahan, 2 km south of Bagherabad station, on the Gorgab-Murcehkhort road, at +1670 m above sea level.fn 68 The ruin was surveyed on September 8, 1991, using pace measurements. ] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 52 Russians Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.212357 long 57.667107 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ros cpeha کاروانسرای روس ها VARIANT names: Russians Caravanserai , Ruzanak : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.44621912 long 61.50910974 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Ruzanak , ※ SOURCE for Ruzanak « 2231. RUZANAK Or RABAT-I KHISHT-I PUKHTA. Original: Lat. 34º 270 N, long. 61º 300 E. Map 51. Revised: 34.44621912 N, 61.50910974 E / 34º 260 46.38882480 N, 61º 300 32.79506400 E. Herat Province. About 3 km north of the Hari Rūd on the road to the Iranian border. Description: A ruined baked brick caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1884 Maitland, Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Peacocke 1887a: 56—mention. 2. Maitland 1888a: 132—mention. 3. Maitland and Drummond 1888: 22—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 446 Sa'd al Saltaneh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.269308 long 50.000683 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Saʿadossaltaneh caravanserai , Sa'd al Saltaneh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Saʿadossaltaneh caravanserai «1668-054 Saʿadossaltaneh Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 16 9.46 E50 0 2.55 2.58 ha 11.28 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] SadrAbad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.890525 long 51.073182 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sadarabad کاروانسرای صدرآباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sadrabad , Sadr-abad car , SadrAbad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sadrabad « Karavanserail Sadrabad (Taf. 18,4-19,3) (Abb. 3 und 103), südlich von Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan)Lage: Am Südufer des Salzsees von Qom, etwa 26 km östlich der modernen Verkehrsstraße von Teheran nach Qom, in der Wüste in + 780 m ü. N.N.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen und einem von Nischen und Räumen umgebenen Vorhof, sechseckigen und halbrunden Eck- und Zwischentürmen, einem separaten Wohnhof östlich des inneren Eingangs, zwei größeren Stall-abschnitten und architektonisch betontem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 77,50 (mit Portalbau) x 55 m (ohne Turmvorsprünge) Außenmaße, 26,30 × 18,30 m Weite des In-nenhofes, 35 x 20 m Weite des Vorhofes und 8,80 m Höhe des Portalbaus (Abb. 104). [ 986 Sadrabad Caravanserai (Plates 18.4–19.3) (Figs. 3 and 103), south of Hauz-e Sultan (Howz-e Soltan)Location: On the southern shore of the Qom Salt Lake, approximately 26 km east of the modern highway from Tehran to Qom, in the desert at an elevation of 780 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans and a forecourt surrounded by niches and rooms, hexagonal and semicircular corner and intermediate towers, a separate residential courtyard east of the inner entrance, two larger stable sections, and an architecturally emphasized portal. ... Dimensions: 77.50 m (including the portal structure) x 55 m (excluding the tower projections) external dimensions, 26.30 m x 18.30 m width of the inner courtyard, 35 m x 20 m width of the outer courtyard, and 8.80 m height of the portal structure (Fig. 104).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 63 ※ SOURCE for Sadr-abad car « 2. Trajet d'été Rey, Husein-abad, Kinaregird, Haouz-é-Sultan, Sadr-abad car., Pul-é-Dellak, Koum. Itinéraire saf. dallé: » #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ p. 141 « Sadr-abad car » in {map#1251 in #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ Fig. 99 Anciennes Pistes De Teheran et Rey a Koum.} SadrAbad carvanseray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.362517 long 56.565359 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sadrabad , SadrAbad carvanseray , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sadrabad « Karavanserail Sadrabad (Provinz Semnan) an der Khoras-sanstraße (Taf. 40,2-40,4) (Abb. 7 und 230) (104)Lage: 17 km östlich von Abbasabad und 21 km westlich vom Karavanserail Mazinan, der ersten Station in der Provinz Khorassan, in + 770 m ü. N.N. Das Karavanserail steht 3 km östlich der Pol-e Abrisham Pa?in und des Kal Shur-Flusses.Die Station Sadrabad umfaßt (Abb. 230) das Karavanse-rail, ihm gegenüber steht eine größere Festung, Grenzfestung der Provinz Semnan gegen Khorassan, neben dem Karavan-serail ein Lehmziegelbau, vor der Festung eine kleine Zister-ne und östlich ein Wachtturm und ein Lehmziegel-Rundbau, wohl ein Kühlturm.1. Das KaravanserailTyp: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen und runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: 67 × 56,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 35 × 27,50 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 231) und 5,80 m Fronthöhe (Abb.232).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,50 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Gebäude ist nach Aufgabe als Gendarmerieposten dem Verfall preisgege-ben.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder qadjarisch.fn 104 Karavanserail Sadrabad wurde am 9. 6. 1995 und die benachbarten Bauten am 15. 6. 1995 vermessen. [Sadrabad Caravanserai (Semnan Province) on the Khorasan Highway (Plates 40.2–40.4) (Figs. 7 and 230) (104)Location: 17 km east of Abbasabad and 21 km west of Mazinan Caravanserai, the first station in Khorasan Province, at an elevation of 770 m above sea level. The caravanserai is located 3 km east of the Pol-e Abrisham Pa?in and the Kal Shur River.Sadrabad Station (Fig. 230) comprises the caravanserai. Opposite it stands a larger fortress, a border fortification of Semnan Province against Khorasan. Next to the caravanserai is a mud-brick building, in front of the fortress a small cistern, and to the east a watchtower and a mud-brick circular structure, probably a cooling tower.1. The CaravanseraiType: Courtyard caravanserai with two iwans, two stable sections, and round corner towers.Dimensions: 67 × 56.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 35 × 27.50 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 231), and 5.80 m frontage height (Fig. 232).Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/4.50 cm).Structural features and condition: The building has been left to decay since being abandoned as a gendarmerie post.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid or Qajar.fn 104 Caravanserai Sadrabad was surveyed on June 9, 1995, and the adjacent buildings on June 15, 1995.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 123 Sadri Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.670673 long 50.816949 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sadri کاروانسرای صدری VARIANT names: Sadri Caravansary , Saein Shah Abbasi Nir Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.001072 long 47.881588 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi saein nir کاروانسرای شاه عباسی صائین نیر VARIANT names: Gardaneh-ye Nir caravanserai , Passkaravanserail Nir , Saeen caravanserai , Saein Shah Abbasi Nir Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Gardaneh-ye Nir caravanserai « Tash Rabat is located in the Central Tien Shan, in the west part of the At-Bashy massif, on a north-south route which linked At-Bashy to Kashgar, crossing the present Torugart pass (3.800 m), when the main route, following the Ferghana corridor, east-west oriented, linked directly Osh to Kashgar, via the Irkeshtam pass (3.000 m).As for the Gardaneh-ye Nir caravanserai, it is located on the foothills of the Elbourz massif, on a route linking Tabriz to Ardebil via Sarab, crossing the Nir pass (2.200m), near by to which it is located. This route ensured to leave the main south continental route of the Elbourz in order to go past on the north, hot and humid side of this massif and to take the route going along the Caspian Sea (6), before joining the main route at Mashad.So, the two caravanserais have first similarities as for their respective locations: locations on alternate routes, layouts at high altitude (more than 2.000m for Gardaneh-ye-Nir and more than 3.200m for Tash Rabat), near by high passes.fn 6 This difficult route and, because of that, not much used had to cross numerous torrents and rivers coming down sides of this mountainous massif the summit of which (Damavend mount) reaches 5.670 m at its peak. » #3714 Pierre Lebigre, Tash Rabat et Gardaneh-ye-Nir - Deux caravansérails remarquables. 4° Congrès du Réseau Asie and Pacifique 2011, Sep 2011, Paris, France, HAL open science, 2013 ~ p. 4 of 9 ※ SOURCE for Passkaravanserail Nir « Lage: 15 km südwestlich von Nir, am Wege von Tabriz über Bostanabad und Sarab nach Ardebil, in +2020 m ü. Ν.Ν.Typ: Vollständig überdachtes Bergland-Karavanserail (Abb.73) mit Eingangs-Iwan, zentralem Kuppelraum und dreischiffigem Stallraum. Ein dreiräumiger Vorbau jüngerer Bauphase ist weitgehend zerstört. Das Karavanserail besaß einen heute weitgehend abgeräumten, ummauerten Vorhof mit Eingangsräumen (Abb. 72).Abmessungen: Gesamtanlage 97 × 46 m. Karavanserail 28 x 17 m, ohne Turmvorsprünge. Kuppelhöhe innen 6,90 m. [Location: 15 km southwest of Nir, on the road from Tabriz via Bostanabad and Sarab to Ardebil, at an elevation of 2020 m above sea level.Type: Fully roofed mountain caravanserail (Fig. 73) with an entrance iwan, central domed hall, and three-aisled stable area. A three-room extension from a later construction phase is largely destroyed. The caravanserail had a walled courtyard with entrance rooms (Fig. 72), which is now largely cleared.Dimensions: Entire complex 97 × 46 m. ??Caravanserail 28 × 17 m, without tower projections. Interior dome height 6.90 m.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 50 ※ SOURCE for Saeen caravanserai «1668-037 Sāeen Iran (Islamic Republic of) N38 0 3.76 E47 52 53.71 0.06 ha 74.04 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Safi Qoli Caravanserai, Juyom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: from google maps VARIANT names: Safi Qoli Caravanserai, Juyom , Safiqoli caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Safi Qoli Caravanserai, Juyom Safi Qoli Caravanserai, Juyom کاروانسرای صفی قلی ※ SOURCE for Safiqoli caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 Saghand Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.527781 long 55.241872 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Saghand Caravanserai کاروانسرای ساغند VARIANT names: Saghand Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Saghand Caravanserai « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, einem dreiflü-geligen Stalltrakt im rückwärtigen Abschnitt, zwei oktogo-nalen Kuppelräumen und überkuppeltem Eingang im vorderen Abschnitt des Gebäudes.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 58 × 55 m, Hofabmessun-gen 27 × 26,70 m, Stallgangbreite 4,10 m, Durchmesser der Oktogonkuppelräume in den Ecken 7,70 m, Durchmesser der Kuppel über dem Eingang 6 m, Höhe der Außenfront 6,60 m. [Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, a three-winged stable block at the rear, two octagonal domed rooms, and a domed entrance at the front of the building.Dimensions: External dimensions 58 × 55 m, courtyard dimensions 27 × 26.70 m, stable passage width 4.10 m, diameter of the octagonal domed rooms at the corners 7.70 m, diameter of the dome above the entrance 6 m, height of the exterior facade 6.60 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 56 Sahrabaq Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.504664 long 54.255391 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sahraye bagh کاروانسرای صحرای باغ VARIANT names: Sahrabaq Caravanserai , Sahrai Bagh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.504654 long 54.255404 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sahraye bagh کاروانسرای صحرای باغ VARIANT names: Sahrai Bagh Caravanserai , Sahroj Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.686397 long 57.006386 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sonparj کاروانسرای سهرج VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sobredj , Sahroj Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sobredj « Karavanserail Sobredj (Sorech) (Taf. 22,2) (Abb. 4; 180)Lage: 8 km südlich von Haruz Sofla (Huroz Sofla), 15 km nordöstlich des Abzweiges (Catrud/Chatrud) von der Straße Bafq-Zarand-Kerman, rund 55 km nördlich von Kerman, in + 2240 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Mash-had nach Kerman.Typ: Breit gelagertes Hofkaravanserail in Hanglage mit vier Iwanen, wobei der rückwärtige Iwan eine iwanartige Nische und die beiden seitlichen Iwane Eingänge in die Stallungen sind.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 34,30 × 20,40 m, Hofab-messungen 16 x 11,80 m, Höhe der Hoffassaden 3,80 m, Höhe der Eingangsfront 4.40 m. [Caravanserail Sobredj (Sorech) (Plate 22.2) (Figs. 4; 180)Location: 8 km south of Haruz Sofla (Huroz Sofla), 15 km northeast of the junction (Catrud/Chatrud) with the Bafq-Zarand-Kerman road, approximately 55 km north of Kerman, at an elevation of 2240 m above sea level, on the road from Mashhad to Kerman.Type: Broad, sloping courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, the rear iwan forming an iwan-like niche and the two side iwans serving as entrances to the stables.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 34.30 × 20.40 m, courtyard dimensions 16 × 11.80 m, height of courtyard facades 3.80 m, height of entrance frontage 4.40 m.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 103 Samangan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.528819 long 60.235493 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye rabat samangan کاروانسرای رباط سمنگان VARIANT names: Robat-e Samangan , Samangan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Robat-e Samangan « Robat-e Samangan » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 Sang Bast Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.991805 long 59.761116 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sang bast کاروانسرای سنگ بست VARIANT names: aravanserail Sang Bast , Sang Bast Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for aravanserail Sang Bast « Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen, einem dreiseitig den Innenhof und die sich auf ihn öffnenden Räume umgebenden Stallgang und einer vorgelagerten Stallabteilung beiderseits des überkuppelten Eingangsraumes. Das Karavanserail hat an den Außenecken und Courtinen 9 Rundtürme und einen leicht vorgezoge-nen Portalbau, der von einer Blendarkaden-Architektur flankiert wird.Abmessungen: Die iranische Grundrißaufnahme gibt keinen genauen Maßstab an. Genaue Abmessungen bleiben unbekannt. [Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two opposing iwans, a stable corridor surrounding the courtyard and the rooms opening onto it on three sides, and a stable section on either side of the domed entrance hall. The caravanserail has nine round towers at the outer corners and curtain walls and a slightly projecting portal structure flanked by blind arcades.Dimensions: The Iranian ground plan does not specify an exact scale. Precise dimensions remain unknown.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 44 Sang Kilider Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.158194 long 58.252912 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sang kolidar کاروانسرای سنگ کلیدر VARIANT names: Karavanserail Dahaneh (Robat-e Sang Kalidar) , Sang Kilider Caravanserai , Sung-Killeedar caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Dahaneh (Robat-e Sang Kalidar) « Karavanserail Dahaneh (Robat-e Sang Kalidar) (Taf. 11,1-11,4) (Abb. 5 und 32) (25)Lage: 19 km östlich des Karavanserails Zafaraniyeh, 18 km westlich des Karavanserails Shurab (Shur Ab), als Zwischenkaravanserail zwischen beiden genannten Bauten und 58 km westlich von Neyshabur, in + 1210 m ü.N.N., am Direktweg von Sabzevar nach Neyshabur (63 km östlich von Sabzevar).Typ: Oktogonaler Bau mit vorgezogenem Portal. Im Innern ein achtseitiger Umgang mit Nischen um einen quadratischen, kuppelgedeckten Zentralraum, der ebenfalls mit Nischen kreuzförmig erweitert ist und durch ein Ober-licht (Laterne) in der Kuppel beleuchtet wird.Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser des Oktogons 30,80 m, Durchmesser einschließlich Portalbau 38,70 m. Breite des achtseitigen Umgangs 4,70 m, Weite des Zentral-raums 6x6 m. Höhe des Zentralraums 6,30 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 8,40 m (Abb. 33).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel und Bruchstein als Füllung und Fundament.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark verfallen und partiell eingestürzt.Inschriften: Eine Inschrift über dem Portal ist verloren.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in safavidischer Zeit als Zwischenkaravanserail zwischen Zafaraniyeh und Karavan-serail Shur Ab erbaut.25 Das Karavanserail wurde am 10.6. 1995 vermessen. [Dahaneh Caravanserai (Robat-e Sang Kalidar) (Plates 11.1–11.4) (Figs. 5 and 32) (25)Location: 19 km east of the Zafaraniyeh Caravanserai, 18 km west of the Shurab (Shur Ab) Caravanserai, as an intermediate caravanserai between the two, and 58 km west of Neyshabur, at an elevation of 1210 m above sea level, on the direct route from Sabzevar to Neyshabur (63 km east of Sabzevar).Type: Octagonal structure with a projecting portal. Inside, an eight-sided ambulatory with niches surrounds a square, domed central space, which is also extended in a cruciform shape with niches and illuminated by a skylight (lantern) in the dome. ``` Dimensions: Outer diameter of the octagon 30.80 m, diameter including the portal structure 38.70 m. Width of the octagonal ambulatory 4.70 m, dimensions of the central chamber 6 x 6 m. Height of the central chamber 6.30 m, height of the portal structure 8.40 m (Fig. 33).Building material: Fired bricks and rubble stone for infill and foundation.Structural features and condition: The building is severely dilapidated and partially collapsed.Inscriptions: An inscription above the portal is lost.Dating: Probably built in the Safavid period as an intermediate caravanserail between Zafaraniyeh and the Shur Ab caravanserail.25 The caravanserail was surveyed on June 10, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 32 ※ SOURCE for Sung-Killeedar caravanserai « For the first hour by a good road across level plain: pass on the right a ruined village; from this gradual ascent, and at 2 hours' distance, pass on the right the village of Sung-Killeedar, with ruined caravanserai: the road im-mediately beyond this village enters the hills of the same name. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 43 Sar Gachinu (G2) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.633404 long 52.506165 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Sar Gachinu (G2) , ※ SOURCE for Sar Gachinu (G2) « Sar Gachinu (G2), located three kilometres further along the track, is a fine caravanserai (partly destroyed by recent road building) on a narrow ridge (Fig. 70). The caravanserai has a high puinted-arch gateway flanked by three vaulted rooms on either side, all perfectly preserved. Recent mounds of rubble suggest that many more rooms were preserved forming a "square serai" (called Gachino by Stein 1937: 214). The structure is reminiscent of the caravanserai at Konar Siah visited by Vanden Berghe (personal communication; d. Vanden Berghe 1961: 169). Behind the gateway is a large courtyard, 30 m2, with stables against the far wall, which have a preserved height of 1.5 m. Opposite the caravanserai is a single building, which measured 12 x 12 m and appeared to be of stepped construction; the preserved height at the centre was 2.5 m. There is a row of cisterns about 200 m west of the caravanserai, the best preserved of any found on the trip. Each cistern measured 21 x 6 m, and had rounded ends and eight semicircular buttresses along the sides and ends; they stood about 2.5 m high and were at least 3 m deep. Parts of the vaulting were still in place; the opening for drawing water was on the southeastern end of each cistern. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87 sarai (in ruins) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approxinate location based on map VARIANT names: sarai (in ruins) , ※ SOURCE for sarai (in ruins) « sarai (in ruins) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948} sarai ? Puzeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approximate location according to map VARIANT names: sarai ? Puzeh , ※ SOURCE for sarai ? Puzeh « sarai ? » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Shiraz H-39Q 1948} Sarai Rud-i Biyaban : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 30.30116977 long 61.40352193 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Sarai Rud-i Biyaban , ※ SOURCE for Sarai Rud-i Biyaban « 991. SARAI RUD-I BIYABAN Original: Lat. 30º 18’ N, long. 61º 23’ E. approximately. Map 94. Revised: 30.30116977 N, 61.40352193 E / 30º 18’ 04.21117308 N, 61º 24’ 12.67896240 E. Nimrūz Province. In the Rūd-i Biyābān 3 km south-east of the Iranian border and 11 km west of Gina Kuhna. Dates: Parthian and Indo-Parthian, 2nd cent. BC–AD 3rd cent.; Sasanian, 3rd–7th cent.; early Islamic, 8th–13th cent. (ceramic). Description: Remains of a rectangular building, probably a caravanserai, measuring c.180 x 150 m with a tower at each corner. There is a second, smaller building to the southwest. Fieldwork: 1951 Fairservis, AMNH—survey. Source: Fairservis 1961: 60 and 63—brief description (Site RB 14). » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 332 Saraie Malak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.667472 long 48.477864 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Saraie Malak , Zangan caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Zangan caravanserai « Le jour ſuivant on pafle un pays fort inégal, d'où on tom-be dans un valon au bout duquel on vient à Zangan grande villace et tres-mal bâtie. Il y a toutefois un fort beau Car-vanſera, [The following day we crossed a very uneven country, from which we descended into a valley at the end of which we came to Zangan, a large and very poorly built village. There is, however, a very beautiful Carvansera.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 65 Sar'aliabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.672412 long 54.557404 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sarali abad کاروانسرای سرعلی آباد VARIANT names: Sar'aliabad Caravanserai , Saray : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 34.0580556 long 45.0505556 NIMA/GNS names: Sarai , Saray , VARIANT names: Saray , Sarayan carvansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.855242 long 58.517968 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Sarayan carvansarai , ※ SOURCE for Sarayan carvansarai «1668-023 Sarāyān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N33 51 19.03 E58 31 4.86 0.19 ha 3.61 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] saraye amir bazar bozorg tabriz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.079069 long 46.293758 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: saraye amir bazar bozorg tabriz سرای امیر بازار بزرگ تبریز VARIANT names: Fateh 'Ali Beg Caravanserai , saraye amir bazar bozorg tabriz , ※ SOURCE for Fateh 'Ali Beg Caravanserai « The bazaars are about the same size as those of Tehran, but neither so well built nor so regular. Adjoining them are two fine caravansarais, one constructed by Haji Saiyid Husain, merchant, and another by his son-in-law, Haji Shaikh Qasim. There is also another not far distant, the Fateh 'Ali Beg caravansarai, which is tenanted by Georgian merchants, and usually called the Georgian sarai. These are the best in the city. » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 598 Saray-e Kowtal (Wardak) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.420002 long 67.676263 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Saray-e Kowtal (Wardak) , Saray-e Markhaneh : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Saray-e Mar Khanah , Saraye Markhana , Saray-e Markhaneh , سرای مار خانه , VARIANT names: Saray-e Markhaneh , Saray-e Morguli : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.682935 long 54.339108 VARIANT names: Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar , Saray-e Morguli , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar « Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar (Abb. 5; 230) (161)Lage: In der Stadt Lar, in + 800 mü. N.N. (210 km süd-setzten Karavanserails Sara-ye Qadimi, Sara-ye Golshan und östlich von Djahrom). Es handelt sich um die aneinanderge-Sara-ye Maguli.Hofkaravanserails ohne ausgebildete Iwane, aber mit Arka-Typ: Das Sara-ye Qadimi und das Sara-ye Golshan sind dengängen vor den Räumen. Das Sara-ye Golshan hat einen vorgezogenen Portalbau. Der Hof des Sara-ye Maguli ist auf drei Seiten von Räumen umgeben.Abmessungen: Sara-ye Qadimi: Außenmaße 54 × 53 m, Hofabmessungen 33 × 32 m. - Sara-ye Golshan: Außenmaße 53 × 51 m, Hofabmessungen 26 × 26 m. - Sara-ye Maguli: Au-ßenmaße 23 × 21,50 m, Hofabmessungen 11 × 8 m.Baumaterial: Sara-ye Qadimi: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 x 22 x 5 cm). - Sara-ye Golshan: Werkstein und Bruchstein. -Sara-ye Maguli: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die beiden gro-ßen Gebäude sind gut erhalten und werden als Lagerhallen genutzt. Das kleine Gebäude ist verfallen.Inschriften: Über dem Eingang des Sara-ye Golshan be-findet sich eine Inschriftentafel mit der Angabe einer Reno-vierung unter Nasir-ed-Din Shah von 1309 (1892). Von den beiden anderen Bauten sind keine Inschriften bekannt.Datierung: Alle drei Bauten sind nacheinander in qad-jarischer Zeit erbaut worden.fn 161 Ders., AMI 16, 1983, 325 ff. [Caravanserails in the city of Lar (Fig. 5; 230) (161)Location: In the city of Lar, at an elevation of 800 meters above sea level (210 km south of the caravanserails Sara-ye Qadimi and Sara-ye Golshan, and east of Djahrom). These are the Sara-ye Maguli and Sara-ye Maguli.Courtyard caravanserails without elaborate iwans, but with an arka-type layout: Sara-ye Qadimi and Sara-ye Golshan have passageways in front of the rooms. Sara-ye Golshan has a projecting entrance hall. The courtyard of Sara-ye Maguli is surrounded by rooms on three sides. ... Dimensions: Sara-ye Qadimi: External dimensions 54 × 53 m, courtyard dimensions 33 × 32 m. - Sara-ye Golshan: External dimensions 53 × 51 m, courtyard dimensions 26 × 26 m. - Sara-ye Maguli: External dimensions 23 × 21.50 m, courtyard dimensions 11 × 8 m.Building materials: Sara-ye Qadimi: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5 cm). - Sara-ye Golshan: Ashlar and rubble stone. - Sara-ye Maguli: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The two large buildings are well-preserved and are used as warehouses. The small building is dilapidated. Inscriptions: Above the entrance to Sara-ye Golshan is an inscription tablet indicating a renovation under Nasir-ed-Din Shah in 1309 (1892). No inscriptions are known from the other two buildings.Dating: All three buildings were constructed successively during the Qad-Yar period.fn 161 Ders., AMI 16, 1983, 325 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 128 ※ SOURCE for Saray-e Morguli « Das Saray-e Morguli liegt an der Südostecke des Meidan-e Qaysarich und stößt mit seiner Rückwand an das Saray-e Golshan. Ursprünglich außerhalb des östlichen Zu- gangstores zum Meidan an der Straße zur Pol-i Abbasi und des Weges nach Bander Abbas und Lingeh gelegen, wird es heute von der durch den Meidan führenden Straße von der Nordseite her betreten (Abb. 7). [The Saray-e Morguli is located on the southeast corner of the Meidan-e Qaysarich and its back wall abuts the Saray-e Golshan. Originally located outside the eastern entrance gate to the Meidan on the road to Pol-i Abbasi and the path to Bander Abbas and Lingeh, it is now entered from the north side of the road leading through the Meidan (Fig. 7).] » #3205 R. Pohanka, The historical buildings of the city of Lar., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1983 vol. 16:pp. 347-48. ~ p. 341 Saray-e Qadimi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 27.683194 long 54.338205 VARIANT names: Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar , Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar , Saray-e Qadimi , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar « Karavanserails in der Stadt Lar (Abb. 5; 230) (161)Lage: In der Stadt Lar, in + 800 mü. N.N. (210 km süd-setzten Karavanserails Sara-ye Qadimi, Sara-ye Golshan und östlich von Djahrom). Es handelt sich um die aneinanderge-Sara-ye Maguli.Hofkaravanserails ohne ausgebildete Iwane, aber mit Arka-Typ: Das Sara-ye Qadimi und das Sara-ye Golshan sind dengängen vor den Räumen. Das Sara-ye Golshan hat einen vorgezogenen Portalbau. Der Hof des Sara-ye Maguli ist auf drei Seiten von Räumen umgeben.Abmessungen: Sara-ye Qadimi: Außenmaße 54 × 53 m, Hofabmessungen 33 × 32 m. - Sara-ye Golshan: Außenmaße 53 × 51 m, Hofabmessungen 26 × 26 m. - Sara-ye Maguli: Au-ßenmaße 23 × 21,50 m, Hofabmessungen 11 × 8 m.Baumaterial: Sara-ye Qadimi: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 x 22 x 5 cm). - Sara-ye Golshan: Werkstein und Bruchstein. -Sara-ye Maguli: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die beiden gro-ßen Gebäude sind gut erhalten und werden als Lagerhallen genutzt. Das kleine Gebäude ist verfallen.Inschriften: Über dem Eingang des Sara-ye Golshan be-findet sich eine Inschriftentafel mit der Angabe einer Reno-vierung unter Nasir-ed-Din Shah von 1309 (1892). Von den beiden anderen Bauten sind keine Inschriften bekannt.Datierung: Alle drei Bauten sind nacheinander in qad-jarischer Zeit erbaut worden.fn 161 Ders., AMI 16, 1983, 325 ff. [Caravanserails in the city of Lar (Fig. 5; 230) (161)Location: In the city of Lar, at an elevation of 800 meters above sea level (210 km south of the caravanserails Sara-ye Qadimi and Sara-ye Golshan, and east of Djahrom). These are the Sara-ye Maguli and Sara-ye Maguli.Courtyard caravanserails without elaborate iwans, but with an arka-type layout: Sara-ye Qadimi and Sara-ye Golshan have passageways in front of the rooms. Sara-ye Golshan has a projecting entrance hall. The courtyard of Sara-ye Maguli is surrounded by rooms on three sides. ... Dimensions: Sara-ye Qadimi: External dimensions 54 × 53 m, courtyard dimensions 33 × 32 m. - Sara-ye Golshan: External dimensions 53 × 51 m, courtyard dimensions 26 × 26 m. - Sara-ye Maguli: External dimensions 23 × 21.50 m, courtyard dimensions 11 × 8 m.Building materials: Sara-ye Qadimi: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5 cm). - Sara-ye Golshan: Ashlar and rubble stone. - Sara-ye Maguli: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The two large buildings are well-preserved and are used as warehouses. The small building is dilapidated. Inscriptions: Above the entrance to Sara-ye Golshan is an inscription tablet indicating a renovation under Nasir-ed-Din Shah in 1309 (1892). No inscriptions are known from the other two buildings.Dating: All three buildings were constructed successively during the Qad-Yar period.fn 161 Ders., AMI 16, 1983, 325 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 128 ※ SOURCE for Saray-e Qadimi « Das Saray-e Qadimi schließt im Westen an das Saray-e Golshan an und wird eben- falls von der Südseite des Meidan her betreten (Abb. 7). Das zur Gänze aus Ziegeln erbaute Gebäude mit den Maßen 50 X 50 m ist ein Hofkaravanserail mit vier schnalen Iwanen, wobei der Iwan an der Südseite einen kleinen Mihrab aufweist. Um den acht- eckigen Innenhof lief eine Arkadenreihe, wobei je zwei Pfeiler vor einem der insgesamt 43 Räume standen, deren Eingänge durch einen weiteren Pfeiler zweigeteilt sind. [The Saray-e Qadimi adjoins the Saray-e Golshan in the west and is also entered from the south side of the Meidan (Fig. 7). The building, built entirely of brick and measuring 50 x 50 m, is a court caravan serail with four narrow iwans, with the iwan having a small mihrab on the south side. A row of arcades ran around the octagonal inner courtyard, with two pillars standing in front of each of the 43 rooms, the entrances of which are divided into two by another pillar.] » #3205 R. Pohanka, The historical buildings of the city of Lar., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1983 vol. 16:pp. 347-48. ~ p. 341 Sara-ye Qebleh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.8004539042135 long 48.5130759845557 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Sara-ye Qebleh , Saraye Raqol (Wardak) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.358342 long 67.805338 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Saraye Raqol (Wardak) , Saray-e Zardsang : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Saray-e Zard Sang , Saray-e Zardsang , سرای زرد سنگ , VARIANT names: Saray-e Zardsang , Sarbisheh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.730201 long 59.516145 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sarbisheh کاروانسرای سربیشه VARIANT names: Sarbisheh Caravanserai , Sardahan Shah Abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , رباط شاه عباسی , VARIANT names: Caravanserai de Sardahan , Karavanserail Sardahan , Robat-e Shah `Abbasi , Sardaen caravanserai , Sardahan carravans-raw , Sardahan Shah Abbasi Caravanserai , Sardahone caravanserai , Serdehe Caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai de Sardahan « dont il y en avoit quelques-unes couvertes de neige, et après une traite de 7. lieues nous parvin-mes au Caravanʃerai de Sardahan, [of which some were covered with snow, and after a journey of 7 leagues we reached the Caravanʃerai of Sardahan,] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 184 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sardahan « Karavanserail Sardahan (Abb. 12; 188) (106)Lage: 11 km südlich Robat-e Sangi und 14 km nordöst-lich Karavanserail Caharabad/Chaharabad, in +1990 m ü.N.N., am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach Fa-rahabad am Kaspischen Meer.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, sechs Stallabtei-lungen und vorgezogenem Portalbau, ohne Außentürme.Abmessungen: 53 x 53m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvor-sprung), 27,20 x 27,20 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portal-baus 11 m (Abb. 189).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel auf steinverkleidetem Podest.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: vom Inschriftband über dem Eingang ver-schwunden.Datierung: Safavidisch, Anfang 17. Jahrhundert.fn 106 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 167 ff. - Querschnitt und Front sowie die Station wurden am 22. 2. 1984 vermessen. [Sardahan Caravanserai (Figs. 12; 188) (106)Location: 11 km south of Robat-e Sangi and 14 km northeast of the Chaharabad Caravanserai, at an elevation of 1990 m above sea level, on the Safavid royal road from Isfahan to Farabad on the Caspian Sea.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, six stable compartments, and a projecting gatehouse, without external towers.Dimensions: 53 x 53 m external dimensions (excluding the gatehouse), 27.20 x 27.20 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the gatehouse: 11 m (Fig. 189).Building material: Fired bricks on a stone-clad platform.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: The inscription band above the entrance has disappeared.Dating: Safavid, early 17th century.fn 106 Siroux, Anciennes voies ..., 167 ff. - The cross-section, front, and station were surveyed on February 22, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 97 ※ SOURCE for Sardaen caravanserai « Nous marchâmes le lendemain dix-septieme pendant douze Heures dans des montagnes tou-tes pleines de buiflons, ce que nous n'avions point encore ren-contré en Perle, et nous arriva. mes à un Caravanſerail nommé Sardaen. [We walked the next day, the seventeenth, for twelve hours in mountains all full of bushes, which we had not yet encountered in Perle, and we came to a caravanserai called Sardaen.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 75 ※ SOURCE for Sardahan carravans-raw « Thence-forward we made (by reason of the intollerable heat) pale Cynthia and Arcturus our night guides, all day refreshing in the Car|ravans-raws, good resting places if gnats forbid it not. From Reigue we travell'd to Sardahan sixteene English miles » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 163 ※ SOURCE for Sardahone caravanserai « The 25th we cam at night to Sardahone, a caravanscrow lying vpon the top of a hill. Here we picht, haueing traveled 7 lges. The water here is not verie good. » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 67 ※ SOURCE for Serdehe Caravansera « The next day, we got five leagues further, and took up our lodging at night in a Caravansera, called Serdehe. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 285 Sartang sarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Bedgi Paria , Karavanserail Sar Tang (Sartang) , KM074 (Gaube) , S. Serten , Sartang , Sartang sarai , ※ SOURCE for Bedgi Paria « then taking our way Eastward, after an hours Travelling we found another called Bedgi Paria: » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 133 [Thévenot took 7.5 hours from Hormud to Tang Dalan, 30 kms av. 4 km/hr. 5.5 hrs to Bedgi Paria ≃ 22 kms just 2 kms short of the Sartang sarai. PBR] ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sar Tang (Sartang) « Karavanserail Sar Tang (Sartang) (Abb. 7; 235) (116)Lage: 11 km nordwestlich von Tang-e Dalan, etwa 14 km südlich von Hadji Agha Djamal (Provinz Fars), am West- ausgang der Schlucht Tang-e Dalan als letzte Karawanensta- tion in der Provinz Hormoz (Höhenangabe ist nicht be- kannt), am alten Karawanenweg von Bandar-e Abbas nach Lar (nicht identisch mit der modernen Straße).Typ: Sternförmiger Grundriß, von einem Sechseck ausstrahlend. [Caravanserail Sar Tang (Sartang) (Fig. 7; 235) (116)Location: 11 km northwest of Tang-e Dalan, about 14 km south of Hadji Agha Djamal (Fars Province), at the western exit of the Tang-e Dalan gorge as the last caravan station in Hormoz Province (altitude is not known ), on the old caravan route from Bandar-e Abbas to Lar (not identical to the modern road).Type: Star-shaped plan, radiating from a hexagon. ] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 129 ※ SOURCE for KM074 (Gaube) « KM 074: Hinter der Station Tang-e Delän beginnt ein schwieriger Wegabschnitt durch den Tang (Schlucht)-e Delän. Mehrmals ein Flußbett durchquerend, erreicht man hinter dem Westausgang der Schlucht die kleine Station Sar-e Tang (Fig. 8). Dieses teils aus grob-rechteckig behauenen, teils aus Feldsteinen errichtete Bauwerk besteht aus einem zentralen, überkuppelten Sechseck von ca. 5 m Durchmesser, von dem sechs Tonnengewölbe sternförmig abgehen. [KM 074: Behind the Tang-e Delän station begins a difficult section of the trail through the Tang (gorge)-e Delän. Crossing a riverbed several times, you reach the small station Sar-e Tang behind the western exit of the gorge (Fig. 8). This building, partly made of roughly rectangular hewn stones and partly made of field stone, consists of a central, domed hexagon with a diameter of approx. 5 m, from which six barrel vaults extend in a star shape.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 44 [distance 74 kms more like 67 kms. PBR] ※ SOURCE for S. Serten «073 (km) | S. Serten (Thévenot) | Sartang (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Sartang « At its most westerly extremity stands the serai of Pas Par Dalan,The Tang-i-Dalan, which is now entered, is a narrow gorge through which the Hajamal river flows: on either side cliffs rise to a height of about 200 feet very steeply, whilst the river-bed occupies almost the whole of the bottom of the gorge. This formation continues for about 2 miles, until Sartang is reached, a picturesque little serai, with a date grove near by, standing at the foot of Kuh-i-Hormuz, which rears its bare head 1500 feet above the plain. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 156 « Persian text omitted. [They move from Tang Dalan to Sartang, a distance of two miles] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 581 « Un chemin étroit et rocailleux longe le cours d'eau salée, que nous passons à plusieurs re- prises. A quelque distance, sur la droite, dans le fond d'un vallon, est un petit bois de pal- miers. Du même côté, sur un tertre, se trouve le caravansérail de Sartang, près duquel est une citerne. [A narrow, rocky path runs alongside the salt watercourse, which we pass several times. Some distance away, on the right, at the bottom of a valley, is a small palm grove. On the same side, on a mound, is the caravanserai of Sartang, near which is a cistern.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 428 ※ SOURCE for Sartang sarai « When one side slopes, the other is generally perpendicular and both sides are rooky throughout. The surface ofthe river bed, which constitutes, the track for the greater part ofthe pass, is rooky and difficult, with occasional patches of:treacherous quicksand. At 3 miles the road emerges fromthe pass, and, crossing the river, known above this paint as theHajamal, passes the caravanserai of Sartang. Water from acistern, and from a fresh water stream running from the Küh-i-Hormuz, Supplies nil. Fuel plentiful from debris of dategroves near by. Grazing fair. The foot of the Küh-i-Hormuz isdistant ahout one-and-a-half miles from Sartang, » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 33 «073 (km) | S. Serten (Thévenot) | Sartang (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « This formation continues for about 2 miles, until Sartang is reached, a picturesque little serai, with a date grove near by, standing at the foot of Kuh-i-Hormuz, which rears its bare head 1500 feet above the plain. » #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.), 31:2:152-69 ~ p. 157 Saryazd Safavid Carvanserei : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.605611 long 54.531395 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: cpehtel karvansaraye safooyeh sarizad هتل کاروانسرای صفویه سریزد VARIANT names: Saryazd Safavid Carvanserei , ※ SOURCE for Saryazd Safavid Carvanserei « Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Das kleine Karavanserail dürfte in safavidischer Zeit erbaut worden sein. [Dating: Qajar, 19th century. The small caravanserai was likely built during the Safavid period.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 Saye'khosh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 26.845002 long 55.385889 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sayeh khosh کاروانسرای سایه خوش VARIANT names: Saye'khosh Caravanserai , Sefidab Carvanseray : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.362383 long 52.25364 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sefid Ab , Sefidab Carvanseray , Suffedaw Carravans-raw , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sefid Ab « Karavanserail Sefid Ab (Sefidab) (Taf. 24,2.3) (Abb. 12; 206) (111)Lage: Nahe einem safavidischen Schloß, 49 km östlich von Marendjab und 63 km südlich des Karavanserails Abba abad/Siahkuh (Ain-e Rashid) (Provinz Semnan) und etwa 45-50 km nördlich des safavidischen Schlosses Garmab (m Station) am safavidischen Königsweg von Esfahan nach F rahabad am Kaspischen Meer, in +985 m ü.N.N. Sefid Ah ist Kreuzungspunkt eines Ost-West-Weges von Seman über Sefid Ab nach Kashan mit dem safavidischen König weg. Das Schloß wird hier nicht weiter behandelt.Außer dem Karavanserail und dem safavidischen Schios ist eine Wasserleitung zu erwähnen, die das Wasser einer beim Karavanserail gelegenen Quelle zum Schloß führt. Neben dem Karavanserail befindet sich eine Station der iranischen Tierschutzbehörde (Abb. 206).Typ: Hofanlage mit dreiseitiger Bebauung und drei Iwa-nen, runden Ecktürmen und rechteckigen, tonnengewölbten Kammern.Abmessungen: 43,50 x 36 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), 28,50 x 25 m Hofabmessungen (Abb. 207), die Höhe der anstehenden Ruinen beträgt 2,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Kalkmörtelverband. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich zeitgleich mit dem safavidischen Schloßbau.fn 111 Sefidab wurde am 26. 9. 1978 vermessen. - W. Kleiss, AMI 13, 1980, 181 ff. [Sefid Ab Caravanserail (Plate 24.2.3) (Figs. 12; 206) (111)Location: Near a Safavid palace, 49 km east of Marenjab and 63 km south of the Abba abad/Siahkuh (Ain-e Rashid) Caravanserail (Semnan Province) and about 45–50 km north of the Safavid Garmab Palace (near the station) on the Safavid Royal Road from Isfahan to Frahabad on the Caspian Sea, at an elevation of 985 m above sea level. Sefid Ab is the intersection of an east-west route from Seman via Sefid Ab to Kashan with the Safavid Royal Road. The palace is not discussed further here. Sefid Ab is the intersection of an east-west route from Seman via Sefid Ab to Kashan and the Safavid Royal Road. Besides the caravanserai and the Safavid shios, a water conduit carries water from a spring located near the caravanserai to the palace. Next to the caravanserai is a station of the Iranian Animal Protection Agency (Fig. 206).Type: Courtyard complex with three-sided buildings and three iwans, round corner towers, and rectangular, barrel-vaulted chambers.Dimensions: 43.50 x 36 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 28.50 x 25 m courtyard dimensions (Fig. 207), the height of the remaining ruins is 2.20 m.Building material: Rubble masonry in lime mortar.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably contemporaneous with the construction of the Safavid palace.fn 111 Sefidab was surveyed on September 26, 1978. - W. Kleiss, AMI 13, 1980, 181 ff.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 104 ※ SOURCE for Suffedaw Carravans-raw « #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638,~ » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 164 Sepahsalar Amiryeh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.027658 long 54.143829 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sappehsalar amirieh کاروانسرای سپهسالار امیریه VARIANT names: Sepahsalar Amiryeh Caravanserai , Sepanj Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.760983 long 55.999762 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sepanj کاروانسرای سپنج VARIANT names: Robat Sepandj , Sepanj Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Robat Sepandj « Robat Sepandj an der Piste von Shahrud nach Bodjnurd und Ashkhabad in Turkmenien (Taf. 34,3-34,4 und 35,1) (Abb. 7 und 205)Lage: 26 km nordöstlich Reyabad und 45 km südwest-lich von Djadjarm, in + 950 m ü. N. N. im Dorf Djahanabad, an einer starken Quelle.Typ: Trotz starker Zerstörung und Überbauung durch die Dorfhäuser ist der Typ des Hofkaravanserails erkennbar, mit runden Ecktürmen und einer Schaufassade an der Ein-gangsseite. Wieviele Iwane der Bau außer dem Eingangsiwan hatte, ist nicht mehr erkennbar.Abmessungen: Nach Grundrißaufnahme von M. Siroux: 53,50×44,50 m Außenmaße, wahrscheinliche Hofabmessun-gen etwa 35 × 33,50 m. Höhe der Fassade am Portal 8,40 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Innenbe-bauung ist zerstört, die Eingangsfassade und die Türme sind in Ziegeldekoration reich geschmückt, besonders die 10 Ar-kaden beiderseits des Portals durch Risalite, die von Dreivier-telsäulen flankiert werden (Abb. 206).Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Auf Grund des Ziegelschmucks der Ein-gangsfront in die Il-Khanidische Zeit, 13. Jahrhundert, da-tiert. Ein hellgraubraunes, matt glänzendes Schalenbruch-stück aus dem Bereich des Robats stammt aus vorislamischer - vielleicht parthischer - Zeit (Abb. 207). [Robat Sepandj on the road from Shahrud to Bodjnurd and Ashkhabad in Turkmenistan (Plates 34.3-34.4 and 35.1) (Figs. 7 and 205)Location: 26 km northeast of Reyabad and 45 km southwest of Jadjarm, at an elevation of 950 m above sea level in the village of Jayanabad, by a strong spring.Type: Despite extensive damage and construction over the village houses, the type of courtyard caravanserail is recognizable, with round corner towers and a show facade on the entrance side. It is no longer possible to determine how many iwans the structure had besides the entrance iwan.Location: 26 km northeast of Reyabad and 45 km southwest of Jadjarm, at an elevation of 950 m above sea level in the village of Jayanabad, by a strong spring. Dimensions: According to a ground plan by M. Siroux: 53.50 × 44.50 m external dimensions, probable courtyard dimensions approximately 35 × 33.50 m. Height of the facade at the portal: 8.40 m.Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: The interior buildings are destroyed. The entrance facade and the towers are richly decorated with brickwork, especially the 10 arcades on either side of the portal, which are framed by projecting sections flanked by three-quarter columns (Fig. 206).Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Based on the brickwork decoration of the entrance facade, dated to the Ilkhanid period, 13th century. A light grayish-brown, matte-glossy fragment of a shell from the area of ??the robat dates from a pre-Islamic—perhaps Parthian—period (Fig. 207).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 112 serai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.439303 long 50.281491 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: serai ? , ※ SOURCE for serai ? « serai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-39O Gulpaigan} Serai Meer Ali : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.789016 long 62.248488 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qala-I Mir Alam caravanserais , Serai Meer Ali , ※ SOURCE for Qala-I Mir Alam caravanserais «One of the most recent stunning successes has been the identification of 160 large early modern caravanserais» online reference link [accessed 15 Apr 2026] ※ SOURCE for Serai Meer Ali « Serai Meer Ali » in {map#1353 Map of Afghanistan and the adjacent countries / published by authority of the Honble Court of Directors of the East India Company, J. and C. Walker. Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1844, University of Wisconsin fig. } Seyed'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.013154 long 54.302267 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Seyed'abad Caravanserai , Seyedabad Caravaserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.740784 long 58.95842 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat shah ebasi sidabad رباط شاه عباسی سیدآباد VARIANT names: Seyedabad Caravaserai , Seyyed Abad , ※ SOURCE for Seyyed Abad « Seyyed Abad (Robat-e Bayram Shah) (Abb. 5) (9)Lage: 20 km südöstlich von Canbar Gharbal und 18 km nordwestlich von Seyyed Abad, 13 km südlich Radkan. Der Bau ist zerstört. fn 9 Ebenda, 570. [Seyyed Abad (Robat-e Bayram Shah) (Fig. 5) (9)Location: 20 km southeast of Canbar Gharbal and 18 km northwest of Seyyed Abad, 13 km south of Radkan. The structure is destroyed.fn 9 Ibid., 570.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 21 Shafiabad Carvansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.54421 long 57.772228 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shfieeh abad کاروانسرای شفیع? آباد VARIANT names: Shafiabad Carvansarai , Shah Abbas Hotel : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.651676 long 51.670279 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Caravanserai de Koesgonna , Caravanserai of Feddee , Shah Abbas Hotel , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai of Feddee « Delà j'allai au Caravanserai de Feddée, fur le Meydoen, ou la grande place du Palais. Ce Caravanseras, qui appartient à la Reine Mere du Roi, cit l'endroit où tous les Armeniens ont leurs magazins et tiennent leurs boutiques. Comme c'eft le principal de la vila le et le mieux fitué, j'y allai loger, à la recommandation de Monficur Kaftelein, pour lequel on avoit beau-coup de confideration, et j'y reftai pendant tout le féjour, que je fis en cette ville. [From there I went to the Caravanserai of Feddee, on the Meydoen, or the great square of the Palace. This Caravanserai, which belongs to the Queen Mother of the King, is the place where all the Armenians have their shops and stores. As it is the main and best-situated place in the city, I went to stay there, on the recommendation of Monficur Kaftelein, for whom there was much confidence, and I stayed there for the entire duration of my stay in this city.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 185 ※ SOURCE for Shah Abbas Hotel « The Abbasi Hotel (Persian: هتل عباسی, formerly known as the "Shah Abbas Hotel", Persian: هتل شاه عباس) is a hotel located in Isfahan, Iran. The whole complex was built at the time of king Sultan Husayn of Safavid to provide lodging for travelers. Upon the suggestion of French André Godard (1881–1965), an archaeologist, architect, and historian of French and Middle Eastern Art.,[1] the Cultural Heritage Organization of Isfahan and insurance company by Civil Engineer A.Mohit decided to proceed with the renovation of the caravansary. » Abbasi Hotel online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2025] Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Karaj : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.809948 long 51.000944 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserai , Karavanserail Karadj , Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Karaj , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « May 28. One of my horses dying, I obtained an order for three of the King's posthorses . We started from Teheraun in the evening, and arrived at a caravanserai in the course of the night. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 144 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Karadj « Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 x 60 m, Hofmaße 35 x 31 m. Breite der Stallgänge 4,80 m. Kuppeldurchmesser 5,30 m, Kuppelinnenhöhe 6,70 m (Abb. 171).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel und Naturstein am Sok-kel (Treppen).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Karavan-serail ist gut erhalten und wird wirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert. [Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 65 x 60 m, courtyard dimensions 35 x 31 m. Width of the stable passages 4.80 m. Dome diameter 5.30 m, dome interior height 6.70 m (Fig. 171).Building material: Fired bricks and natural stone on the sac (stairs).Structural features and condition: The caravanserai is well preserved and in commercial use.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 100 Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht کاروانسرای شاه عباسی ماهیدشت VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231552 , Caravanserai/Khan - 0231685 , Clin caravanserai , Karavanserail Mahidasht , khan Mahee-Dusht , Shah Abbasi Caravanserai Mahidasht , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231552 EAMENA-0231552 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231685 EAMENA-0231685 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] ※ SOURCE for Clin caravanserai « Nous y demeurâmes juſqu'au vingt-uniéme que nous partîmes avec la Caravane d'Hifpaham pour Bagdat, et vinmes coucher dans un fort grand Caravanserait nommé Clin. [We stayed there until the twenty-first when we left with the caravan of Hifpaham for Bagdat, and came to sleep in a very large caravanserai named Clin.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 132 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Mahidasht « Karavanserail Mahidasht (Taf. 12,1.2) (Abb. 121 und 136)(102)Lage: Am Rande des Dorfes Mahidasht, an der Straße von Kermanshah nach Qasr-e Shirin, 26 km westlich von Kermanshah und 38 km nordöstlich von Eslamabad (Shaha-bad-e Gharb). Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und 4 getrennten Stallabschnitten. Kuppel über dem Eingang. Auf der Ostseite Toilettenanlagen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 70 x 68 m. Hofmaße 35,10× 37,20 m (Querachse). Kuppeldurchmesser 7,70 m. Mauer-stärke 1 m.Baumaterial: Ziegelbau (25/25/6cm) auf Naturstein-sockel, Hof gepflastert.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Dem Verfall preisgegeben. Oberteil der Fassade eingestürzt.Inschriften: Inschrift über der Einfahrt verlorengegangen.Datierung: Safavidisch.fn. 100 Ebenda 241. Der Bau wurde am 5. 3. 1973 vermessen. [Mahidasht Caravanserai (Plate 12,1.2) (Figs. 121 and 136)(102)Location: On the outskirts of the village of Mahidasht, on the road from Kermanshah to Qasr-e Shirin, 26 km west of Kermanshah and 38 km northeast of Eslamabad (Shaha-bad-e Gharb). Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans and four separate stable sections. Dome over the entrance. Toilet facilities on the east side.Dimensions: External dimensions 70 x 68 m. Courtyard dimensions 35.10 x 37.20 m (transverse axis). Dome diameter 7.70 m. Wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Brick construction (25 x 25 x 6 cm) on a natural stone base, paved courtyard.Structural features and condition: In disrepair. Upper part of the facade collapsed.Inscriptions: Inscription above the entrance lost.Dating: Safavid.fn. 100 Ibid. 241. The building was surveyed on March 5, 1973.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 82-3 ※ SOURCE for khan Mahee-Dusht « We continued to go east-north-east over the plain, for upwards of an hour, when we reached the caravanserai, having been about six hours on our road from Harounabad, on a general course of east-north-east. There were only a few dwellings near the khan, which had been erected on the banks of the stream that ran by it, for the shelter and supply of passengers halting on the road; and even from these, though small, we procured what we had not been able to do from the largest towns since leaving Bagdad. We found here milk, lebben, cheese, dates, good bread, and fruits of several kinds, in abundance; so that we enjoyed our repose, and prolonged it until noon before we prepared to move. ... and considered to be exactly half-way between the khan of Mahee-Dusht and Kermanshah.» #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 73 Shah Bad serai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.942728 long 62.237372 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shah Bad serai , Shahbid , ※ SOURCE for Shah Bad serai « Shah Bad serai » in {map#1353 Map of Afghanistan and the adjacent countries / published by authority of the Honble Court of Directors of the East India Company, J. and C. Walker. Wm. H. Allen and Co., 1844, University of Wisconsin} ※ SOURCE for Shahbid « 1020. SHAHBID Or RABAT-I SHAHBID. Lat. 33º 56’ N, long. 62º 14’ E. Map 70. Revised: 33.94265442 N, 62.23736459 E / 33º 56’ 33.55590804 N, 62º 14’ 14.51251212 E. Herat Province. 33 km south of Herat on the road to Adraskān, on the left bank of a stream. Description: A ruined caravanserai dedicated to Shaikh Ismā’il Khān Mustaufi. There are a few badly damaged inscriptions, one of them giving the dedication. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Lal 1846: 169–70—mention and translation of the inscription. 2. Peacocke 1887a: 213—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 340 Shah Uzbeg : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 33.48956299 long 62.26803518 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shah Uzbeg , Shah'abbasi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.029849 long 49.635392 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi کاروانسرای شاه عباسی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Imamzadeh Hashem , Shah'abbasi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Imamzadeh Hashem « Lage: 26km südlich von Rasht an der bedeutenden Ka-rawanenstraße von Bandar-e Anzali/Bandar-e Enzeli (Ban-dar-e Pahlavi) über Rasht, Rudbar und Pol-e Loshan nach Qazvin, in +80 m ü. N.N. (100 m über dem Kaspischen Meer).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit 4 Iwanen und 4 voneinander abgetrennten Stallkomplexen. Wohngeschoß über dem Por-tal.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 51 x 51 m, Hofmaße 27,70 x 25,80 m. Kuppeldurchmesser 6 m, Kuppelhöhe 7,70 m, Höhe der Portalumrahmung 7,90 m (Abb.77). [Location: 26 km south of Rasht on the important caravan route from Bandar-e Anzali/Bandar-e Enzeli (Bandar-e Pahlavi) via Rasht, Rudbar, and Pol-e Loshan to Qazvin, at an elevation of 80 m above sea level (100 m above the Caspian Sea).Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and four separate stable complexes. Living quarters above the portal.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 51 x 51 m, courtyard dimensions 27.70 x 25.80 m. Dome diameter 6 m, dome height 7.70 m, height of the portal frame 7.90 m (Fig. 77).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 52 Shahdad Castle, Mazra Shah : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.86756 long 53.144138 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Qal'eh Shahdad bei Na'in , Shahdad Castle, Mazra Shah , ※ SOURCE for Qal'eh Shahdad bei Na'in « Qal'eh Shahdad bei Na'in (Abb. 12; 241) (130)Lage: 9 km östlich von Na'in (Zentrum), in +1530m ü.N.N., an der Karawanenroute Esfahan - Na'in - Anarak -Khorassan, aber auch in Sichtweite der Strecke Kashan Na'in - Yazd.Typ: Rechteckanlage mit vier schweren, runden Ecktür-men und vorgezogenem Portalbau. Entlang der Außenmauer und im Innern der Anlage unregelmäßige Raumaufteilungen, die nur durch eine Mittelgasse voneinander getrennt werden.Abmessungen: 67,50 x 58 m Außenmaße (ohne Vor-sprünge), Höhe der Außenmauern 8,50 m, die Höhe des Por-talbaus ist an Hand von aufrecht stehenden Mauerteilen auf 14 m zu rekonstruieren (Abb. 242)Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: In Form von langen Friesbändern an der Eingangsfront angebracht, aber weitgehend zerstört.Datierung: Frühislamisch bis vorsafavidisch.fn 130 Die Anlage wurde am 30. 11. 1984 vermessen. [Qal'eh Shahdad near Na'in (Fig. 12; 241) (130)Location: 9 km east of Na'in (center), at an elevation of 1530 m above sea level, on the caravan route Esfahan - Na'in - Anarak - Khorasan, but also within sight of the Kashan-Na'in-Yazd route.Type: Rectangular complex with four heavy, round corner towers and a projecting gateway. Irregular room layouts along the outer wall and within the complex, separated only by a central alley.Dimensions: 67.50 x 58 m external dimensions (excluding projections), height of the outer walls 8.50 m, the height of the gateway can be reconstructed as 14 m based on remaining upright wall sections (Fig. 242).Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: Originally in the form of long friezes on the entrance facade, but largely destroyed.Dating: Early Islamic to pre-Safavide.fn 130 The site was surveyed on November 30, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 121 Shahid'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.419815 long 53.214939 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Carawansera , Karawanenhalteort Samian , Karvansara-ye `Abbasi , Khana Kargam caravanserai , Shahid'abad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Carawansera « On the 27 ... That day we travailed 24 [English] Miles, and at night came to a very com|modious and stately Carawansera, such as I had not met with all the way unless in som great City, being all round with Galleries. » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 331 ※ SOURCE for Karawanenhalteort Samian « #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ [[fn 79] Samian Caravan Stop (Plate 11.2) (Figs. 5; 113) 81 Location: 20 km south of Dehbid and 18 km north of Pasargadae (Madar-e Suleiman), at an elevation of 2030 m above sea level, on the eastern caravan route from Isfahan to Shiraz. The site contains two caravanserails, a bridge, and a ruined area.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 65 ※ SOURCE for Khana Kargam caravanserai « On the right it bank is the large masonry caravansarai of Khana Kargam, somewhat ruined. Passing this on the left, the road ascends some round-topped hills b by rather a steep gradient, and descending slightly thence, goes up the bed of a nala to the top of another range. » #3331 Routes in Persia, Section 1, British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, Mss Eur F111/369, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 189 Shahid-e Chaharbandeh Karvangah-e : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none NIMA/GNS dataset coordinate: lat 32.517458 long 63.124687 NIMA/GNS names: Sahide Caharbande Karwangah , Shahid-e Chahar Band-e Karwan Gah , Shahid-e Chaharbandeh Karvangah-e , Shahid-e Char Band Karwan Gah , Shakhidi-Chakharbandi-Karvangakh , شهید چار بند کاروان گاه , شهید چهار بند کاروان گاه , VARIANT names: Shahid-e Chaharbandeh Karvangah-e , Shahraban caravanserai : arch. site IRQ (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 33.9786111 long 44.9369444 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: several caravanserai not visible in google earth. coordinates given are for modern place name. VARIANT names: Shahraban caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Shahraban caravanserai « 57 Shahraban. T., P.O., several caravanserais, and a roofed bazaar. There are walled gardens and date-groves. No camels. About 20 other transport animals could be collected daily. Supplies plentiful in normal times. Water good and abundant from wells and canals. Fuel scarce. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 186 Shahriaran Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.926032 long 51.703814 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shahriaran Caravanserai , Shaleel Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.737193 long 50.419032 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shaleel Caravanserai , Shalil , Shalil caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Shaleel Caravanserai « Shaleel Caravanserai is located 140 kilometers southwest of Ardal, on the border of Khuzestan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and was built near the Shaleel Bridge and the Pearl Bridge. This building has been used for various economic, social, and military purposes throughout history, and was used to provide security, provide food, provide a resting place for caravans, and guide them through insecure mountainous areas. Shaleel Caravanserai, which is considered one of the tourist attractions of Ardal, was renovated during the first Pahlavi period and was used as a nomadic police station at that time. » Shaleel Caravanserai online reference link [accessed 22 Jul 2025] Shaleel Caravanserai online reference link [accessed 22 Jul 2025] ※ SOURCE for Shalil(Arch. Site) « Nach leichtem Anstieg führt der Weg weiter über Kiyan auf die Ebene v Dehdez. In Dehdez ist die Ruine eines Karavanserails +1430 m ü.N.N. erhalten. Der nächste Punkt auf dem W nach Esfahan ist Shalil, das bereits in der Provinz Caharmal va Bakhtiari liegt. Eine Karawanenstation Pol-e Amarat hier am Flußübergang in +1300 m ü.N.N. nicht mehr erhalten. [After a slight climb, the trail continues via Kiyan to the Dehdez plain. In Dehdez, the ruins of a caravanserai have been preserved at 1,430 m above sea level. The next point on the west after Isfahan is Shalil, which already lies in the Chaharmal va Bakhtiari province. A caravan station, Pol-e Amarat, no longer exists here at the river crossing at 1,300 m above sea level.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 13 « SHALILشلیل31-44 50- 28 m. Elevation 5,500 feet. A caravanserai in the Bakhtiari country. It marks the 8th stage from Isfahan (138 miles) of the Bakhtiari caravan road, and stands on the left bank of a stream of the same name, at a point about 2 miles above its junction with the Ab-i-Bazuft at Pul-i-'Amarat. The caravanserai stands 400 feet above the Ab-i-Bazuft. It is built of rubble masonry and there are about 40 square yards of rooms, walls and stables, 15 feet high, roofed with heavy chinar beams. On the hillsides are limstone rocks which are burnt for lime at the caravanserai. The accommodation in the serai is very restricted, but there are several good camping-grounds between it and the bridge at Pul-i-'Amarat, the nearest being a narrow strip on the left bank of the stream from the serai to 400 yards and upwards. There is no source of supplies immediately at hand, the result being that this caravanserai is usually very badly provided. Supplies come from the Bazuft valley. The retail selling price per Shahi man of 13 lbs. in October and November, 1906, was: for barley 1.50 krans; bhusa, 50 krans; and bread 2.50 krans. The stream is about 20 feet wide and fordable opposite the serai. Temperature in and out of doors on 6th August, 84 to 100 degrees.The Shalil plateau is about 4¹½ miles east of the serai and has a large area of rice cultivation and many irrigation channels. (Burton, 1903; Arbuthnot, 1905; Lorimer, 1906.) » #3005 Ludwig W. Adamec, Historical gazetteer of Iran, Abadan and South Western Iran, Akademische Drucku, Verlagsanstalt, 1976-1989 ~ p. 663 « WE found our camp, finally, pitched within the broken walls of the ruined caravanserai of Shalil. The muleteers tried to persuade us into one of the rooms of the building, which they said was warm; warm it certainly was, but it was also thick with smoke. » #3530 Vita Sackville West, Twelve Days An Account of a Journey Across the Bakhtiari Mountains in South-Western Persia, Doubleday, Doran and Co.,, 1928 ~ p. 57 « Camping ground. A small irregular space impeded by boulders between the first bend of the Ab-i-Sarkhūn and the torrent bed. There is also a small space on the north and east of the serai. The serai is in ruins and the walls in parts are only 4 feet high. » #3520 Routes in Persia Volume III, Part 2, Superintendent Government Printing, India, Calcutta, 1916 ~ p. 58 ※ SOURCE for Shalil caravanserai « photograph of Ruined Caravanserai at Shalil » #3530 Vita Sackville West, Twelve Days An Account of a Journey Across the Bakhtiari Mountains in South-Western Persia, Doubleday, Doran and Co.,, 1928 ~ after p. 54 « AMARAT (PUL-I-)-LAT. LONG. ELEV. 3,100The second, from Nasiri, of the two wire suspension bridges, built in 1899 1900 by Messrs. Lynch Brothers for the Bakhtiari Khans, on the road to to Isfahan. It spans the Ab-i-Bazuft, about 1½ miles west and short of the caravanserai at Shalil, the 10th caravan stage from Nasiri. The bridge is a neat structure, 70 feet in length, supported by solid masonry piers and a lattice girder, with a steel roadway and concrete flooring, 10 feet in width. It is adapted to carry an ordinary working load of 24 cwt. per square foot, or a live load uniformly distributed of 80 tons. It is kept in excellent order by regularly applied coats of paint. The bridge is laid about 160 feet above the level of the water, which has at most seasons a strong swift current (vide Ab-i-Bazuft).-(Arbuthnot, 1905.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 49 « The caravanserai at Shalil lies about 1 miles distant from the bridge and the left bank. Up to this point the valleys through which the river has run are practically distitute of villages, though it is said to have contained some 360 in the olden days before the Afghan incursion. » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 154 Shalo : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 27.687713 long 52.589725 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shalo , ※ SOURCE for Shalo « Shalo (G4), located about three kilometres from Nowabad, is a large caravanserai with a cistern and other buildings, on a ridge before the final descent into the Galehdar valley. The caravanserai has several long vaulted rooms ranged around a central courtyard, which is about 20 m2, and a gateway on the northwest side. One semicircular buttress was found on the east corner. The preserved height is less than 1.5m. The cistern was of the usual rectangular shape with rounded corners, but this and at least five other buildings were very difficult to discern among the mounds of rubble. A conduit passed on the east bank of the wadi, often cut into the face of the mountain. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87 Shamsh post-house : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.068358 long 55.026933 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shamsh post-house , ※ SOURCE for Shamsh post-house « A more dismal spot than Shemsh it would be hard to imagine. There is nothing but the aforesaid caravansaray and a post- house (singularly good, like all the post- houses between Yezd and Kirmán) standing side by side in the sandy, salt- strewn plain. As I rode up to the latter edifice, I saw a little stream, very clear and sparkling, carefully banked up between mud walls which conducted it into a small pond. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 423 Shamsi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.105416 long 54.119202 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shmasi کاروانسرای شمسی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Hadjiabad , Shamsi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Hadjiabad « Abmessungen: Äußere Gesamtausdehnung 67 × 26,50 m, Hofabmessungen 11,70 × 11,50 m, Höhe des Eingangsbaus 5,90 m (Abb. 30). Das Obergeschoß über dem Eingang besteht aus einem Raum von 3,20 × 3,20 m Größe (Abb. 31).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und gebrannte Ziegel (21/21/5,5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen. Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [Dimensions: Overall external dimensions 67 × 26.50 m, courtyard dimensions 11.70 × 11.50 m, height of the entrance structure 5.90 m (Fig. 30). The upper story above the entrance consists of a room measuring 3.20 × 3.20 m (Fig. 31).Building material: Mud bricks and fired bricks (21/21/5.5 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated. Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 27 Shamszangi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: google earth visible 1/2012, 2/2012, 1/2014, 10/2016, 4/2017, 3/2021, 6/2021, 5/2022, then covered by roadworks 1/2024 from google earth west and east ext. walls about 29m and 4-5° west of north. north and south ext. walls about 25m with interior courtyard about 16x12m.? The route mileage recorded by Butcher reflects the actual ge mileage from Lar to here. VARIANT names: Chamzenghi , Samsamgen , Samsomgien , Samſamge , Schemzenghi , Sham Zangee , Shams Sangi , Shamssangi , Shamszangi , Shamzengi , Siamse Sangy , Sjeam Sang , Tchem sesengui , Tchem-Dissingui , Tschem-Sengui , Tscheniche Tschengi , ※ SOURCE for Chamzenghi « Je logeai dans un petit carvanseraappelé Chamzenghi; il est fort bas et bâti en croix avec quatre portespour donner du vent de tous côtés. [I stayed in a small carvansera called Chamzenghi; it is very low and built in a cross with four doors to provide wind on all sides.] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 322 ※ SOURCE for Samsamgen see source for Siamse Sangy ※ SOURCE for Samsomgien see source for Siamse Sangy ※ SOURCE for Samſamge « Den 22. dito vertrokken wy weder, namen onze reize na Samſamge, trokken voorby een Karrawanſera, Waffelee genaamd, hadden ook een redelyke weg door verſcheide rievieren en vericheidene vlaktens, met Salpeter, ... Alhier wierd onze Sergeant ziek. Men heeft hier 2 bequame Karrawanſera's en goed gemak; maar brak water. [On the 22nd we left again, took our journey to Samſamge, passed by a Karrawanſera called Waffelee, also had a reasonable route through several rivers and several plains, with Saltpetre, ... Here our Sergeant became ill. There are 2 comfortable Karrawanſeras here and good convenience; but brackish water.] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 5 p. 265 ※ SOURCE for Schemzenghi « keeping on our way over little Sandy Hills, we came at three a Clock to another, which is alfo covered, and called Schemzenghi, where we flopt, and this place is ʃeven Agaiʃch from Lar. » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687, ~pt. 2 p. 132 «133 (km) S. Schemzenghi (Thévenot) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Sham Zangee « Thus far we came directly in a Line; now we wander to and again in the Meanders of the Barren Hills, with indefatigable Industry, till we descend into a large Plain, at the End whereof Sham Zangee (1) an Abassin, had built an old Caravan, Twenty Miles from Cormoot; where we met a Caphala of light Asses going for the Port; and here we were obliged to change more of our Camels, they being quite tired. fn. 1 Shamsangl. "I lodg'd at a little Inn call'd Shamzenghi. It is low, built like a Cross, with four doors to receive the cool winds every way” (Tavernier, 254). For the route, see Wilson, op. cit. 158. » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 pp 189-90 ※ SOURCE for Shams Sangi « The valley now bifurcates, one branch trending W. by S., the other W. by N., the road following the latter. At 2½ miles a ruined eistern is passed lying a mile S. of the road. At 4¾ miles is the ruined caravansarai and dry cisterns of Shams Sangi; water (in March 1907) nil; grazing good; fuel scanty; supplies nil. At 5 miles the road traverses a series of shallow ravines, some containing pools of salt water, and the ground is quite barren. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 169 « Shams Sangi Sarai (In ruins) » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} ※ SOURCE for Shamssangi « Shamssangi » in {map#1203 in #1241 Wilson, Sir Arnold T., Notes on a Journey from Bandar Abbas to Shiraz via Lar, in February and March, 1907, The Geographical Journal, London, 1908 (Feb.) 31:2:152-69 ~ fig. Country between Bandar Abbas abd Siraz} ※ SOURCE for Shamszangi « The ground is now sandy, and at 2 miles has sunk into ravines, through which the road passes. These ravines, known by the rame of "Chahar- Birkeh," are generally bare of vegetation, and intersecting like a labyrinth, extend away on either hand; to south to the foot of the hills. At 4 miles we ascend from the ravines by a steep bank about 40 feet high. At 4 miles 7 furlongs the road passes a ruined caravanserai and cistern named "Shamszangi". About here there is good grass, and an abundance of kanar bush. The road then becomes very stony, and at short intervals crosses three small shallow water-courses. At 7 miles we descend, by a steep slope, a sudden fall of about 40 feet in the general level of the valley, which is now covered with a thin yellow grass dotted with furze and occasional kanse bush. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 27 ※ SOURCE for Shamzengi see source for Siamse Sangy ※ SOURCE for Siamse Sangy « Bahadany (1) ende mede Siamse Sangy (2), twee mijlen van den anderen gelegen, in welke laatste onse caffila den verleden middagh was aangecomen,fn. 2 Tjashmeh-zangi de bron van den Ethiopiër, bij verkorting uit- gesproken Shamzengi, zooals het dan ook voorkomt op de Simla kaart en bij Tavernier, Thévenot en Fryer, welke laatste de overlevering geeft, dat de karavanserai gebouwd werd door een,,Abassin" en vertelt: „The Hollanders have here a neat, but small dwelling, whither their Commodore comes sometimes." Dit was in 1877. Hij, Chardin en De Bruyn wijden uit over de doorgestane warmte en Tavernier, een reiziger van veel ondervinding, noemt den weg tusschen Hormuz en Jar le chemin le plus facheux de la Perse, parceque bien souvent il n'y a point d'eau." Onze landgenoot schrijft, zooals veeltijds, deu naam on- juist naar den gehoorden klank af: Samsomgien (hij is meer vertrouwd met het penseel dan met de pen) en Erasmus Petter, de lijfwacht die de reis van den gezant Johan van Leenen (1689) meemaakt en be- schrijft (Valentijn, Oud es Nieuw Oost-Indiën, V, 265), maakt er zich af met Samsamgen. [Bahadany (1) and the Siamse Sangy (2), located two miles from the other, in which latter our caffila had arrived last afternoon, fn. 2 Tjashmeh-zangi the source of the Ethiopian, abbreviated as Shamzengi, as it also appears on the Simla map and at Tavernier, Thévenot and Fryer, the latter of which gives the tradition that the caravanserai was built by an "Abassin" " and says: "The Dutch have here a neat, but small dwelling, whither their Commodore comes sometimes." This was in 1877. He, Chardin and De Bruyn elaborate on the heat endured and Tavernier, a traveler of much experience, mentions the road between Hormuz and Jar le chemin le plus facheux de la Perse, parceque bien souvent il n'y a point d'eau." Our compatriot, as he often does, writes the name incorrectly according to the sound heard: Samsomgien (he is more familiar with the brush than with the pen) and Erasmus Petter, the bodyguard who accompanied the envoy's journey. Johan van Leenen (1689) experiences and describes (Valentijn, Oud es Nieuw Oost-Indiën, V, 265), concludes with Samsamgen.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 44 ※ SOURCE for Sjeam Sang « ... ; KA 1793, fol. 980b (Sjeam Sang). » #1169 Floor, Willem, The Bandar Abbas-Isfahan Route in the Late Safavid era, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1999, 37:67-94 ~ p. 85 f.n. 117 ※ SOURCE for Tchem sesengui « se termina à un fort néchant gite, nommé Tchem sesengui (*), où il n'y a que deux petits caravanserais, avec des citernes à l'entour, sans aucune habitation. Il y vient dès le point du jour des paysans du voisinage voir s'il y a du monde, et ce qu'il leur faut. Ces caravanserais ne sont pas faits comme les autres que j'ai décrits; ils sont bas, petits, carrés au dehors, avec deux petites chambres à chaque coin. Le dedans, fait en forme de croix grecque, est tout ouvert, de sorte que si l'on veut être enformé, il faut tendre une tente, ou un tapis, non-seulement au dedans, mais aussi au dehors, à l'entrée qui est entre les petites chambres. Ces petits édifices sont couverts d'un dôme, et ont au dehors un corridor ou rebord de pierre, où l'on se tient au frais, quand le so- leil n'y donne pas. fn. (*) Lises tchechméhi Zenguy (fontaine de l'Ethiopien). Fryer écrit Sham Zangee, et dit, en effet, que c'était le nom d'an Abyssin qui fit construire ce karavansérây situé à 20 milles anglais de Khormouts, et à 40 milles de Lår. [ended at a very poor lodge, called Tchem sesengui (*), where there are only two small caravanserais, with cisterns all around, without any dwelling. Farmers from the neighborhood come there at daybreak to see if there are people there, and what they need. These caravanserais are not made like the others that I have described; they are low, small, square on the outside, with two small rooms at each corner. The interior, made in the shape of a Greek cross, is completely open, so that if one wishes to be sheltered, one must spread a tent, or a carpet, not only inside, but also outside, at the entrance. which is between the small rooms. These small buildings are covered with a dome, and have outside a corridor or stone ledge, where you can stay cool when the sun is not shining. fn. (*) Lises tchechméhi Zenguy (Ethiopian fountain). Fryer writes Sham Zangee, and says, in fact, that it was the name of an Abyssinian who had this karavanséray built, located 20 English miles from Khormouts, and 40 miles from Lår. ] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p487 ※ SOURCE for Tchem-Dissingui « La plaine devient de plus en plus horrible, elle est toute couverte de sel; trois farsangs plus loin, le caravansérail isolé de Tchem-Dissingui. Sur la route, on trouve quantité de ruines, de citernes et de caravansérails. [The plain becomes more and more horrible, it is all covered with salt; three farsangs further, the isolated caravanserai of Tchem-Dissingui. On the road, there are plenty of ruins, cisterns and caravanserais.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 531 ※ SOURCE for Tschem-Sengui «133 (km) Tschem-Sengui (Chardin) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Tscheniche Tschengi « Dann ½ Farsach zur Karawanserei Tschenitsche Tschengi, von Feldsteinen erbaut, zu 4 Seiten offen... Diese Art Karawansereien gibt es in den Chermesiren (Garmẞir, d. i. das warme Land), um bei der Hitze den Wind desto besser von allen Seiten aufzufangen [Then ½ Farsach to the Tscheniche Tschengi caravanserai, built of field stones, open on 4 sides... This type of caravanserai is found in the Chermesir (Garmẞir, i.e. the warm country) in order to better absorb the wind from all sides in the heat] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 121. [There seems to be a mistake in the above.Kaempfer usually starts his daily diary with his destination, then proceeds to describe his route. From Basti Parija C. he begins Wasili 5 Farsach. Then 2 Farsach to the Bahadeni caravanserai. Kaempfer is accurate with distances. 5 Farsachs equivalent to 28.8 km is the actual distance to Bahadeni and it can be assumed Wasili is somewhere between the Basti Parija C. and Bahadeni. Interchanging the 5 and 2 makes sense and places Wasili at the Haji 'Ali C. Sharifieh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.8007676533807 long 48.5140847942586 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Sharifieh Caravanserai , Shebli Pass, Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 37.881388 long 46.727072 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: unable to locate rubble walls and location. this location based on distance and height given by Kleiss VARIANT names: Shebli Pass, Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Shebli Pass, Caravanserai « Karavanserail östlich des Shebli-Passes bei Gorgan (Abb.4 und 63)(55)Lage: 10km östlich des Shebli-Passes liegen in + 1860 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Tabriz nach Zandjan, die Reste des Karavanserails, skm westlich von Bostanabad und 35 km westlich des nächstfolgenden Karavanserails Gilak (Abb.4).Typ: Einfaches Hofkaravanserail, Zwei-Iwan-Anlage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 42 x 35 m, Hofmaße 30 x 24 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinfundament mit Lehmaufbau.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf Schutt-wälle zerstört.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in vorsafavidischer Zeit er-richtet, ohne einen Nachfolgebau in safavidischer oder qa-djarischer Zeit gefunden zu haben. Die Keramik (Abb.63a) ist überwiegend vorsafavidisch. fn 55 Ebenda 7f. - Die Baureste wurden am 16. 9. 1991 vermessen. [Caravanserail east of the Shebli Pass near Gorgan (Figs. 4 and 63)(55)Location: 10 km east of the Shebli Pass, at an elevation of 1860 m above sea level, on the road from Tabriz to Zanjan, lie the remains of the caravanserail, 10 km west of Bostanabad and 35 km west of the next caravanserail, Gilak (Fig. 4).Type: Simple courtyard caravanserail, two-iwan structure.Dimensions: External dimensions 42 x 35 m, courtyard dimensions 30 x 24 m.Building material: Rubble stone foundation with clay superstructure.Structural features and condition: Destroyed except for rubble walls.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably erected in the pre-Safavide period, without any evidence of a subsequent structure in the Safavid or Qa-Jair period. The pottery (Fig. 63a) is predominantly pre-Safavide.fn 55 Ibid. 7f. - The building remains were surveyed on September 16, 1991.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 44 Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.868299 long 51.370338 Supplement: Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai کاروانسرای شیخ علی خان VARIANT names: Caramossora , Challisea , Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) , Sheikh Ali Khan Caravanserai , Sheikhali Khan , Tchah-e-Siyah now , ※ SOURCE for Caramossora « As all the company was assembled, the Caravan-Baxi , (3) or the Captain of this land fleet, had the signal for starting given and we left. We travelled five farsanguas the first day (each farsangua, (4) I think, was equal to a league and a half of Spanish measure) and encamped at the first Saray, (5) or, as the Industani idiom is, Caramossora. fn. 3 Leader of the Caravan. See Chap. LXXIII , n. 11. fn. 4 This is the Persian word farsang, from the earlier form parasang. It was supposed to be derived from the "milestones" (sang), used to mark distances along main routes. Generally taken as equal to 8,000 cubits, it was in fact a very elastic measure, being in some cases a sight test, e. g. the distance at which a man could dis-tinguish a white from a black camel, and in others a sound test, or the distance at which a drum could be heard. The old Babylonian farasang was equal to 3.523 miles; the modern farasang is equal to about 3.9 miles. But it seems more often to have been a time measure, the time taken in covering a given distance. Man-rique puts it at one and a half Spanish leagues, or about six miles. In the Babur Nama the yighach, a similar unit, is said to average eight miles at one place, while elsewhere forty-eight miles equal nine yighach, giving an average of 5-3 miles. Manrique therefore is probably fairly correct in his estimate. See Stack, Six Months, p. 72; Curzon, Persia, i. 33 n.; Layard. Nineveh and Babylon, p. 59; Babur Nāma, p. 4, n. 5; p. 83, n. 2. fn.5 Saray (sarãi) is a Tartar word, and originally meant "a palace". The Levantine Franks converted this into Serraglio and Serrail, as applied to the Sultan's palace. It has, however, long been used in Persia and India to signify a rest-house for travellers. See Hobson-Jobson, s. v. Serai. » #3477 ed. C. Eckford Luard witn H. Hosten, Travels of Fray Sebastien Manrique 1629-1643. A Translation of the Itinerario de las Missiones Orientales., Hakluyt Society, Cambridge, 1926 ~ vol. 2 pp. 364-5 ※ SOURCE for Challisea « December 15. We rose from Mahmoot-Alli-Beig's Caravan-sarai and lay at Challisea, where y present Veseir, Sheck-Alli-Chan, is building a new large Caravansarai. » #3146 Yule, Henry Colonel, The Diary Of William Hedges, The Hakluyt Society, London, 1889 ~ vol. 1 p. 213 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) « Karavanserail Caleh Siyah-ye Now (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Taf. 8,1-8,4) (Abb. 12; 66) (54)Lage: 16 km südöstlich von Qal'eh Robat Sangi und 6 km nordwestlich von Robat Caleh Siah-ye Qadim und Kara-vanserail Cahar Bordj, in +1690 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Golpayegan.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, zwei Wohnhöfen, Kuppel über dem vorgezogenen Eingangsbau. Außen abgerundete Ecken, keine Türme.Abmessungen: 86 x 80 m Außenmaße (ohne Portalvorbau), 49,90 x 40,70 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe der Kuppel 10,20 m, Höhe des Portalbaus 10,20 m (Abb. 67).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/4,5 cm) auf steinverkleidetem Sockel und steinerne Portalrahmung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Über dem Ein-gang ein Obergeschoß. Das Gebäude ist gut erhalten. Inschriften: über dem Portal angebracht.Datierung: Durch die Bauinschriften in das Jahr 1687.Die Portalrahmung zeigt einen Rundstab, der aus einer Vasenbildung herauswächst (Abb. 68). Am Karavanserail sind zwei verschiedene Formen von Steinmetzzeichen vertre-ten (Abb. 68). fn. 54 Ebenda, 175 ff. Schnitte und Ansichten wurden am 11. 9. 1988 vermessen. [Chaleh Siyah-ye Now Caravanserai (Chaleh Siyah/Tchah-e Siah) (Plates 8.1-8.4) (Fig. 12; 66) (54) Location: 16 km southeast of Qal'eh Robat Sangi and 6 km northwest of Robat Chaleh Siah-ye Qadim and Chahar Bordj Caravanserai, at 1690 m above sea level, on the Isfahan-Golpayegan route. Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stables, two residential courtyards, and a dome over the projecting entrance building. Rounded corners on the exterior, no towers. Dimensions: 86 x 80 m exterior dimensions (without portal porch), 49.90 x 40.70 m courtyard dimensions, height of the dome 10.20 m, height of the portal structure 10.20 m (Fig. 67). Building material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 4.5 cm) on a stone-clad base and stone portal frame. Structural features and condition: An upper floor above the entrance. The building is well preserved. Inscriptions: Attached above the portal. Dating: Based on the building inscriptions, to the year 1687. The portal frame shows a round rod emerging from a vase-shaped structure (Fig. 68). Two different forms of stonemason's marks are present on the caravanserai (Fig. 68). fn. 54 Ibid., 175 ff. Sections and views were surveyed on September 11, 1988.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Sheikhali Khan «1668-012 Sheikhali Khān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N32 52 5.37 E51 22 13.45 0.82 ha 15.46 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Tchah-e-Siyah now « The La branche Nord franchit une faible hauteur de schiste noir. Tout de suite après un petit col éventé cette ancienne voie s'infléchit pour suivre le cours d'un ravin se perdant dans la plaine de Tchâh-e-Siyâh now. Dès le col on aperçoit les ruines d'un très ancien caravansérail : Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4) qui révèle, ainsi que ses successeurs proches, la tragique histoire d'un point d'eau agonisant. Ce très intéressant monument qui date du début de l 'Islam, environné de traces plus anciennes, fut relayé 500 m. plus bas, par un autre caravansérail : également un tchâh-e-Siyâh d'époque mongole , appelé aussi Tchâhâr-Bordj (les quatre tours) (site 9) . Quand la source, malgré les efforts de captage, se fut révélée déficiente, 6 km. plus loin, dans la plaine alluviale, des ghanats furent forés par un Mi nistre de Châh Soleyman et en 1687 A.D., un des plus curieux caravansérails iraniens, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now y fut inauguré (site 27) (1). fn. 1Sur certaines cartes, ces monuments sont appelés, par erreur, Tchehelhessieh. Ces erreurs très fréquenteset qui gênent considérablement les recherches, sont dues aux transcriptions phonétiques de voyageurs ignorant la langue, auxquelles s'ajoutent celles faites au cours de la mise au net de notes hâtivement rédigées.[The northern branch crosses a low rise of black schist. Immediately after a small, winding pass, this ancient route bends to follow the course of a ravine that disappears into the Tchâh-e-Siyâh now plain. From the pass, one can see the ruins of a very ancient caravanserai: Tchâh-e-siyâh Qadim (site 4), which, along with its immediate successors, reveals the tragic story of a dying watering hole. This very interesting monument, dating from the beginning of Islam, surrounded by older remains, was replaced 500 meters lower by another caravanserai: also a Shah-e-Siyah from the Mongol period, also called Tchâhâr-Bor4j (the four towers) (site 9). When the source, despite efforts to capture it, proved deficient, 6 km further on, in the alluvial plain, ghanats were drilled by a Minister of Shah Sulayman and in 1687 AD, one of the most curious Iranian caravanserais, Tchâh-e-Siyâh now, was inaugurated there (site 27) (1). fn. 1 On some maps, these monuments are mistakenly called Tchehelhessieh. These very frequent errors, which considerably hamper research, are due to phonetic transcriptions by travelers unfamiliar with the language, to which are added those made during the editing of hastily written notes.] » #3345 Siroux, Maxime, Anciennes voies et monuments routiers de la région d'Ispahân, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1971 ~ p. 10 Shooreab serai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.401407 long 51.233152 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shooreab serai (?) , ※ SOURCE for Shooreab serai (?) « Pasengan to Sin-Sin, 51 ?. ?. 21 ?.For about 6 miles across stony plain, bearing S.E. Here the road passes along the base of a rocky perpendicular-sided hill on the right. On the left a few detached hills break the surface of the plain. At 10 miles (the rockyrange to the right approaching nearer the road), cross the broad bed of a mountain-stream, in which there was a little water. On the right bank of this stream, immediately on the right of road, is the small village and serai of Shooreab, with a stream of clear sweet water on left. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ pp. 55-6 Shubbus serai (?) : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.502736 long 61.384091 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Shubbus serai (?) , ※ SOURCE for Shubbus serai (?) « Koosan to Ghorian, 10 ?. ?., 25 ?.Road, skirting some low bare hills, follows at first the course of the Herat river: in the bed are trees and jungle. At distance of 4 miles ruined serai of Teerpool, near which is a ruined bridge over the river: at distance of about 11 miles the road, crossing a hilly bare country, passes the ruined village and serai of Shubbus. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 47 Shuryab Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.166357 long 58.393967 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shoryab کاروانسرای شوریاب VARIANT names: Karavanserail Shur Ab , Shuryab Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Shur Ab « Karavanserail Shur Ab (Shurab) (Taf. 12,1-13,4) (Abb. 5) (26)Lage: 34 km westlich von Neyshabur und 18 km östlich von Karavanserail Dahaneh (Robat-e Sang Kalidar), in +1220 m ü.N.N., an der direkten Karawanenstraße von Sabzevar nach Neyshabur.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen, wobei die Iwane zweigeschössige Bauten sind. Der vorgezogene Portalbau wird durch zwei kleine Rundtürme gekrönt.Abmessungen: Nicht bekannt. Es handelt sich aber um einen der größeren Bauten der Provinz Khorasan.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist in Ziegeltechnik reich verziert, aber sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: Teile des Inschriftbandes über dem Portal sind noch in situ erhalten (Taf. 13,3 und 13,4).Datierung: In safavidischer bis qadjarischer Zeit erbaut. fn 26 Shur Ab wurde am 10.6.1995 besucht, konnte aber nicht vermessen werden. [Caravanserail Shur Ab (Shurab) (Plates 12.1–13.4) (Fig. 5) (26)Location: 34 km west of Neyshabur and 18 km east of Caravanserail Dahaneh (Robat-e Sang Kalidar), at an elevation of 1220 m above sea level, on the direct caravan route from Sabzevar to Neyshabur.Type: Courtyard complex with four iwans, each a two-story structure. The projecting entrance is crowned by two small round towers.Dimensions: Unknown. However, it is one of the larger structures in Khorasan Province.Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: The building is richly decorated using brickwork techniques, but is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: Parts of the inscription band above the portal are still preserved in situ (Plates 13.3 and 13.4).Dating: Built during the Safavid to Qajar period.fn 26 Shur Ab was visited on June 10, 1995, but could not be surveyed.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 33 Siah Ab sarai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.222109 long 62.721634 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: 81x87m VARIANT names: Siah Ab sarai , ※ SOURCE for Siah Ab sarai « Siah Ab sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Afghanistan:, , , David Rumsey Map Collection fig. Farah I-41 U 1942} « 992. SARAI SIAH AB Original: Lat. 32º 14’ N, long. 62º 43’ E. Map 85. Revised: 32.22337257 N, 62.72057379 E / 32º 13’ 24.14126640 N, 62º 43’ 14.06563788 E (A). 32.2231212 N, 62.72990957 E / 32º 13’ 23.23632252 N, 62º 43’ 47.67445920 E (B). 32.22205084 N, 62.72165901 E / 32º 13’ 19.38303732 N, 62º 43’ 17.97245112 (C). Farāh Province. About 70 km from this town, at the village of Siāh Ab, near the caravanserai, on either side of the road to Girishk. Description: (A) West of the road, platform of square plan. (B) East of the road, 300 m from the caravanserai, a tepe established on a rocky outcrop: fragments of small bricks are present. (C) Remains of a caravanserai (identified from satellite image). » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 332 small caravanserai enclosed by a wall : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: small caravanserai enclosed by a wall , ※ SOURCE for small caravanserai enclosed by a wall « At 6 miles the summit of a saddle is reached. Here there is a small caravanserai enclosed by a wall which commands the road; a few men posted here could hold the road against a large force advancing from the N. on Bastak. The ground to either flank is steep and difficult of access. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 69 « At 1½ miles a broad stony ravine is entered, and at 3½ miles a small caravanserai and a bourkah are passed. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ p. 8 small serai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.233395 long 59.134958 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: no details VARIANT names: small serai (?) , Soh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.439231 long 51.451858 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Soh , Pik , Soh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Soh « Karavanserail Soh (Abb. 12; 158) (94)Lage: 20 km nördlich vom Karavanserail Vandadeh und 34 km südöstlich von Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh), an einer Route von Esfahan über Murcehkhort - Vandadeh - Soh weiter nach Abyaneh, einem ehemals zarathustrischen Zentrum westlich von Natanz, in +2360 m ü.N.Ν.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, vier Stallabtei-lungen, runden Ecktürmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: 60 x 52 m Außenmaße (ohne Vorsprün-ge), 33,90 x 25,10 m Hofabmessungen, Höhe des Portals 8,90 m und des Portalaufbaus 10,30 m (Abb. 159).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Guter Erhal-tungszustand. Der Bau wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: über dem Portal geben das Jahr 1223 H = 1808 A.D. an.Datierung: Durch die Portalinschrift in die Regierungs-zeit des Fath Ali Shah. fn 94 Ebenda, 194f. - Schnitte und Frontansicht wurden am 11. 3. 1984 ver-messen. [Soh Caravanserai (Figs. 12; 158) (94)Location: 20 km north of the Vandadeh Caravanserai and 34 km southeast of Ceqa Deh (Chahgadeh), on a route from Isfahan via Murcehkhort – Vandadeh – Soh on to Abyaneh, a former Zoroastrian center west of Na?anz, at an elevation of 2360 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserai with four iwans, four stable sections, round corner towers, and a projecting gatehouse.Dimensions: 60 x 52 m external dimensions (excluding projections), 33.90 x 25.10 m courtyard dimensions, gatehouse height 8.90 m, and gatehouse height 10.30 m (Fig. 159). Building material: Fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Good state of preservation. The building is used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: Above the portal, the year 1223 H = 1808 A.D. is given.Dating: Based on the portal inscription, it dates to the reign of Fath Ali Shah.fn 94 Ibid., 194f. - Sections and front view were measured on March 11, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 884 ※ SOURCE for Pik « Pik » in {map#1251 in #3251 Siroux, Maxime, Caravansérails d'Iran et petites constructions routières, Imprimerie De L'institut Français D'archeologie Orientale, 1949 ~ fig. Fig . 1 Carte des principales pistes d'Iran} Solar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.86832 long 51.9215 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye solar کاروان?سرای سولار VARIANT names: Solar Caravanserai , Sorkhak Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.027126 long 51.812223 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye sarkhak کاروانسرای سرخک VARIANT names: Karavanserail Sefid Ab II , Sorkhak Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sefid Ab II « Karavanserail Sefid Ab II (Taf. 16,3) (Abb. 155 und 180)124Lage: 2km nördlich der Station Sefid Ab I und etwa 4km südlich des Karavanserails Pa Kabud I, am Wege von Teheran nach Baladeh und an das Kaspische Meer, in + 2700 m ü. N. N. in Hanglage errichtet.Typ: Gedecktes Berglandkaravanserail.Abmessungen: 33 × 8 m, Innenhöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk und gebrannte Zie-gel.stört. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur wenig zer-Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 124 Der Bau wurde am 12. 6. 1983 vermessen. [Sefid Ab II Caravanserai (Plate 16.3) (Figs. 155 and 180) 124Location: 2 km north of Sefid Ab I station and about 4 km south of Pa Kabud I caravanserai, on the road from Tehran to Baladeh and the Caspian Sea, built on a slope at an elevation of 2700 m above sea level.Type: Covered mountain caravanserai.Dimensions: 33 × 8 m, interior height 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry and fired bricks.Structural features and condition: Only slightly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 124 The building was surveyed on June 12, 1983.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 104 Sorkhan/Qanatsir caravanserai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.740147 long 56.759393 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: marked up by Kleiss as a Karavanserail / Strassen Station in Abb. 4 but unable to find any details in volume 5. location given here is assumed. VARIANT names: Sorkhan/Qanatsir caravanserai ? , ※ SOURCE for Sorkhan/Qanatsir caravanserai ? « Qaleh Askar caravanserai » in {map#1132 in #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ fig. Abb. 4 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Yazd, Kerman und Hormozgan} Spin Baldak : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 31.01168996 long 66.40227696 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Spin Baldak , ※ SOURCE for Spin Baldak « 1108. SPIN BALDAK Or the ‘CHAMAN HOARD’. Original: Lat. 31º 00’ N, long. 66º 24’ E. Map 99. Revised: 31.01168996 N, 66.40227696 E / 31º 00’ 42.08384988 N, 66º 24’ 08.19705240 E. Kandahār Province. The Afghan border post on the main Kandahār-Quetta road. Date: Saka, 1st cent. BC (numismatic). Description: A hoard of 75 silver Saka coins found at a site near here in about 1940. Aerial photographs have also recorded the remains of a large caravanserai with a double set of rooms surrounding two courtyards. Sources: 1. Additional information from aerial photographs by D. Thomas. 2. Jenkins 1955: 25–6—discusses the hoard and gives a brief catalogue. 3. Mac Dowall and Taddei 1978a: 212—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 366 Station 17 km ostlich von Deh Namak : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.284076 long 52.910006 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station 17 km ostlich von Deh Namak , ※ SOURCE for Station 17 km ostlich von Deh Namak « Station 17 km östlich von Deh Namak, an der Route nach Semnan (Taf. 27,4) (Abb. 7 und 155)2Lage: 17 km östlich von Deh Namak, an der alten Kho-rassanstraße in + 970 m ü. N.N. und 7 km westlich von Ab-dollahabad.Typ: Rechteckige Ummauerung mit Räumen auf der In-nenseite der Mauer und freistehendem, rundem, mehrstöcki-gem Turm. Östlich dieser Station eine rechteckige Wallanlage aus frühislamischer Zeit.Abmessungen: Station: 17 x 16 m Turm 9m hoch.Wallanlage: 25 x 23 m, 4m hoch.Baumaterial: In beiden Fällen Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Station ist stark zerstört und durch Erosionswirkung eines benachbar-ten, tief eingeschnittenen Baches partiell weggespült.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Beide Anlagen können auf Grund von Keramik und großen Ziegelformaten in frühislamischer Zeit ent-standen sein. [Station 17 km east of Deh Namak, on the route to Semnan (Plate 27.4) (Figs. 7 and 155)2Location: 17 km east of Deh Namak, on the old Khorasan road at an elevation of 970 m above sea level and 7 km west of Abdollahabad.Type: Rectangular walled enclosure with rooms on the inner side of the wall and a freestanding, round, multi-story tower. To the east of this station is a rectangular rampart dating from the early Islamic period.Dimensions: Station: 17 x 16 m, tower 9 m high.Rampart: 25 x 23 m, 4 m high.Building material: In both cases, mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: The station is heavily damaged and partially washed away by the erosive action of a nearby, deeply incised stream.Inscriptions: unknown.Dating: Based on the ceramics and large brick formats, both structures may have originated in the early Islamic period.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 88 Station 20 km östlich von Shiraz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.601936 long 52.738301 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Station 20 km östlich von Shiraz , ※ SOURCE for Station 20 km östlich von Shiraz « Station 20 km östlich von Shiraz (Taf. 17.3) (Abb. 5; 157) 108Lage: 20 km östlich von Shiraz, in + 1875 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Shiraz nach Sirdjan und Kerman.Typ: Dreifach überkuppelter Mitteltrakt mit sechs Sei-tenräumen, die mittleren überkuppelt.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalbau 15,80 x 14,60 m, maximale Raumhöhe ca. 6 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Später als Gen-darmeriestation genutzt (Verankerung des Funkmastes noch erhalten). [ 1,187 Station 20 km east of Shiraz (Plate 17.3) (Fig. 5; 157) 108Location: 20 km east of Shiraz, at an elevation of 1875 m above sea level, on the road from Shiraz to Sirjan and Kerman.Type: Triple-domed central section with six side rooms, the central ones domed.Dimensions: External dimensions without portal structure 15.80 x 14.60 m, maximum room height approx. 6 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century. Later used as a gendarmerie station (the radio mast's anchoring is still preserved).] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 89 Station 21 km östlich Sarab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.940655 long 47.773265 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station 21 km östlich Sarab , ※ SOURCE for Station 21 km östlich Sarab « Lage: An der Straße von Tabriz nach Ardebil, 21 km öst-lich von Sarab.Typ: Kreuzförmiges Stationsgebäude, völlig überdeckt, oder mit begrenztem, 4 x 4 m weitem Mittelhof. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 29 × 29 m, durchschnittliche Weite der Innenräume 4 × 4 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf Schutt-wälle und streckenweise sichtbare Mauerspuren ist das Ge-bäude zerstört. Die Grundrißform berechtigt jedoch die An-nahme der Funktion einer Straßenstation. [Location: On the road from Tabriz to Ardebil, 21 km east of Sarab.Type: Cruciform station building, completely covered, or with a limited central courtyard measuring 4 x 4 m.Dimensions: External dimensions 29 × 29 m, average interior dimensions 4 × 4 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Except for mounds of rubble and traces of walls visible in places, the building is destroyed. However, the ground plan suggests that it functioned as a road station.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 49 Station am Paß zwischen Sabzevar und Soltanabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.345505 long 57.910736 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found VARIANT names: Station am Paß zwischen Sabzevar und Soltanabad , ※ SOURCE for Station am Paß zwischen Sabzevar und Soltanabad « Station am Paß zwischen Sabzevar und Soltanabad (Abb. 5 und 48) (39)Lage: 16 km südwestlich von Soltanabad und 28 km nordöstlich von Sabzevar (Musallah), sowie 4 km nordöst-lich des Passes (+1440 m ü. N. N.), in + 1420 m ü. N. N., an einer Karawanenroute von Sabzevar über Soltanabad nach Qucan.Typ: Zwei einander gegenüberliegende Gebäude mit symmetrischer Raumaufteilung, keine Hofanlagen.Abmessungen: Die Gebäude wurden nicht vermessen.Baumaterial: Lehmstampfungen.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallene Ruinen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in spätqadjarischer Zeit, Ende 19. Jahrhundert erbaut.fn 39 Die Station wurde am 14.6.1995 besucht. [Station at the pass between Sabzevar and Soltanabad (Figs. 5 and 48) (39)Location: 16 km southwest of Soltanabad and 28 km northeast of Sabzevar (Musallah), and 4 km northeast of the pass (1440 m a.s.l.), at an elevation of 1420 m a.s.l., on a caravan route from Sabzevar via Soltanabad to Qucan.Type: Two opposing buildings with a symmetrical layout, no courtyard.Dimensions: The buildings were not surveyed.Building material: Rammed earth.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated ruins.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the late Qajar period, at the end of the 19th century.fn 39 The station was visited on June 14, 1995.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 40 Station at the Pol-e Now : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none estimated the coordinate: lat 30.048531 long 52.698627 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station at the Pol-e Now , ※ SOURCE for Station at the Pol-e Now « Station an der Pol-e Now (Abb. 5; 135) (95)Lage: 25 km südlich von Mahin und etwa 25 km (Luft-linie) nördlich des Karavanserails Asaf, in + 1580 m ü. N. N., an der Kurzstrecke von Esfahan nach Shiraz und etwa 5 km südlich des Kreuzungspunktes dieser Karawanenstrecke mit dem Verlauf der achaemenidischen Königsstraße von Pasargadae und Persepolis nach Susa und Sardes (96). Die Karawa-nenstation liegt auf einer erhöhten Terrasse nördlich ober-halb der Brücke (Abb. 136) (97).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit östlich anschließender Einfriedung.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 56x56m, Hofabmessungen ca. 40 x 40 m (Abb. 136).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.fn. 95 Die Pol-e Now wurde am 11.6. 1987 vermessen und die Spuren der Station aufgenommen.fn. 96 AMI 14, 1981, 45 ff.fn. 97 Zur Pol-e Now siehe AMI 21, 1988, 233 f. [Station at the Pol-e Now (Fig. 5; 135) (95)Location: 25 km south of Mahin and about 25 km (as the crow flies) north of the Asaf caravanserai, at +1580 m above sea level, on the short route from Isfahan to Shiraz and about 5 km south of the intersection point of this caravan route with the Achaemenid Royal Road from Pasargadae and Persepolis to Susa and Sardis (96). The caravan station is located on an elevated terrace north above the bridge (Fig. 136) (97).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with an enclosed enclosure to the east.Dimensions: External dimensions 56 x 56 m, courtyard dimensions approx. 40 x 40 m (Fig. 136).Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Destroyed down to its foundations.fn. 95 The Pol-e Now was surveyed on June 11, 1987, and the station's traces were recorded.fn. 96 AMI 14, 1981, 45 ff.fn. 97 On the Pol-e Now, see AMI 21, 1988, 233 f.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 78 Station bei Aluni : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.530849 long 51.022096 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Station bei Aluni , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Aluni « Station bei Aluni (Abb. 4; 29)"Lage: 5 km westlich von Aluni, am Wege von Esfahan und Borudjen nach Lordegan, liegen in etwa +1550 mü.N.N.die Wallreste einer Station.Typ: Hofanlage.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 30 x 30 m, Hofabmessungen 20 x 20 m, die Höhe der Schuttwälle beträgt etwa 2 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Gebäude ist nur noch als Wallanlage erkennbar.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Ungelöst, der Bau ist aber wohl in islami-scher Zeit entstanden. [Station near Aluni (Fig. 4; 29)Location: 5 km west of Aluni, on the road from Isfahan and Borudjen to Lordegan, at approximately 1550 m above sea level, lie the remains of a station's rampart.Type: Farmstead.Dimensions: Outer dimensions 30 x 30 m, courtyard dimensions 20 x 20 m, the height of the rubble ramparts is approximately 2 m.Building material: Mud construction.Structural features and condition: The building is only recognizable as a rampart.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Unresolved, but the structure likely dates from the Islamic period.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 23 Station bei Khundab : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none coordinate: lat 33.190466 long 50.789396 † basis (unknown) VARIANT names: Station bei Khundab , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Khundab « Station bei Khundab (Abb. 12; 57) (50)Lage: 6 km südöstlich des Karavanserails Madar-e Shah (Mader-e Shah) am Paß von Dhor (Dar) und 12 km nordwestlich von Khundab, am Wege von Esfahan nach Golpayegan, in +2080 m ü.N.N Typ: Hofanlage, wahrscheinlich mit vier Iwanen.Abmessungen: 20 x 20 m Außenmaße, 9 x 9 m Hofab-messungen.Baumaterial: Mauerwerk aus großen Lesesteinen.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Etwa zur Hälfte des Grundrisses durch nahegelegenes Trockenflußbett zer-stört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich im 18.-19. Jahrhundert als Sicherungsposten errichtet. fn. 50 Die Reste der Station wurden am 13. 6. 1987 aufgenommen. [Station near Khundab (Fig. 12; 57) (50)Location: 6 km southeast of the Madar-e Shah (Mader-e Shah) caravanserai at the Dhor (Dar) pass and 12 km northwest of Khundab, on the road from Isfahan to Golpayegan, at +2080 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard complex, probably with four iwans.Dimensions: 20 x 20 m exterior dimensions, 9 x 9 m courtyard dimensions.Building material: Masonry made of large field stones.Structural features and condition: About half of the ground plan destroyed by a nearby dry riverbed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built as a security post in the 18th-19th centuries. fn. 50 The remains of the station were photographed on 13 June 1987.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ pp. 35-6 Station bei Nimar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 27.534189 long 54.424855 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: unable to find. this location based on 2 km east of Nimar, outside the town (assuming Karavanserail Nimar as unable to determine where Kleiss Nimar actually is) and the site plan in Abb. 252 Station bei Nimar, Grundriß, Schnitt und Lageskizze on page 138 VARIANT names: Station bei Nimar , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Nimar « Station bei Nimar (Abb. 5; 252) (177)Lage: 2 km östlich von Nimar, außerhalb des Ortes, in +750 mü. N. N., am Weg von Lar nach Bastak. Nimar ist der Grenzort an der Provinzgrenze Fars-Hormozgan.Typ: Zweiräumige Station mit überkuppeltem Unter-kunftsraum und tonnengewölbtem Stall.Abmessungen: Außenmaße mit vorgezogenem Eingang 11 X 10 m, Gebäudehöhe 4,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein, verputzt.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 177 Die Station wurde am 15. 3. 1986 vermessen. [Station near Nimar (Fig. 5; 252) (177)Location: 2 km east of Nimar, outside the town, at 750 m above sea level, on the road from Lar to Bastak. Nimar is the border town on the Fars-Hormozgan provincial border.Type: Two-room station with a domed accommodation room and a barrel-vaulted stable.Dimensions: External dimensions with projecting entrance 11 x 10 m, building height 4.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone, plastered.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 177 The station was surveyed on March 15, 1986.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 136 Station bei Qal'eh Hessarsorkh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.232329 long 51.74934 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station bei Qal'eh Hessarsorkh , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Qal'eh Hessarsorkh « Station bei Qal'eh Hessarsorkh (Hesar Sorkh) (Abb. 155 and und 209) (140)Lage: 11 km südöstlich von Pishva, an der Karawanenroute Varamin (Veramin) - Garmsar in + 850 mü. N. N. gele-gen. Neben der Station liegen ein Rechteck-Tepe (Burganla-ge) westlich der Station und ein abgerundeter Tepe mit anschließender Siedlungsfläche südöstlich der Station (Abb. 209).Typ: Die Station entspricht dem Typ des Hofkaravan-serails, jedoch mit Räumen an nur drei der vier Hofseiten. In der südlichen Hofmauer sitzt der Eingang.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 29x24m, Hofmaße 18,50x 13,30 m. Höhe des Gebäudes 3 m (Abb. 210).Banmaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Stationsgebäude ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Tepe und Qal'eh gehen auf frühmittelalterliche, islamische Gründun gen zurück. Die Keramik, teilweise stempelverziert (Abb. 211), weist große Schüsseln und Henkelgefäße auf, ausfn 140 Qal'sh Hessarsorkh siehe AMI 24, 1991, 284. Die Station bei Hessar-sorkh wurde am 14. 9. 1981 vermessen. Sie liegt auf geradem Weg 11 km südönlich Pishva, auf Umwegen 32km von Pishva entfernt, tiche AMI 14. 1991, Angabe S. 184 [Station at Qal'eh Hessarsorkh (Hesar Sorkh) (Figs. 155 and 209) (140)Location: 11 km southeast of Pishva, on the Varamin (Veramin) - Garmsar caravan route at an elevation of 850 m above sea level. Adjacent to the station are a rectangular tepe (fortified settlement) to the west and a rounded tepe with an adjacent settlement area to the southeast (Fig. 209).Type: The station is of the type of courtyard caravan serail, but with rooms on only three of the four sides of the courtyard. The entrance is located in the southern courtyard wall.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 29 x 24 m, courtyard dimensions 18.50 x 13.30 m. Building height 3 m (Fig. 210).Construction material: Mud-brick.Architectural features and condition: The station building is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century. Tepe and Qal'eh date back to early medieval Islamic foundations. The pottery, some of it stamped (Fig. 211), includes large bowls and handled vessels.fn 140 Qal'sh Hessarsorkh, see AMI 24, 1991, 284. The station at Hessar-sorkh was surveyed on September 14, 1981. It lies 11 km southeast of Pishva in a straight line, or 32 km from Pishva by a circuitous route (see AMI 14, 1991, p. 184).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 121 Station bei Qazzaq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.023246 long 51.29941 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station bei Qazzaq , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Qazzaq « Karawanenbauten bei Qazzaq/Khozzaq (Taf. 14,1) (Abb. 12; 108) (75)Lage: 3 km nordwestlich von Ravand (12 km nordwest-ich von Kashan), in +1040 m ü.N.N. (Station).Es handelt sich (Abb. 108) um eine Station oder ein Cay Khaneh, um die Umfassungsmauern eines Karavanserails, um einen Karawanenrichtpunkt (Mil) über einer Schlucht und am Reste einer gebauten Straße in der Schlucht, die zur Route on Delidjan nach Marendjab gehören (Abb. 108; 109).1 . Das Stationsgebäude (oder Cay Khaneh) liegt am Ausgang Her Schlucht (Abb. 108).Typ: Gebäude mit langrechteckigem Mittelraum und echs flankierenden Kammern.Abmessungen: 15,50 x 14 m Außenmaße, Gebäudehöhe 4 m (Abb. 110).fn 75 Die Umgebung von Qazzaq wurde am 6. 3. 1986 aufgenommen.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch.Im Bereich der Station und ihrer unmittelbaren Umge-bung wurden Reste eines grünlichweißen Glasgefäßes und hellgelbgraue relief- und stempelverzierte Keramik (Abb. 111) beobachtet, außerdem (Abb. 112, von oben) zwei hell-gelbbraune, grobe Tonschüsseln, eine innen türkisfarben gla-sierte Schüssel, eine hellgelbgrün glasierte Schale und ein klei-nes hellgraubraunes Tongefäß. fn 75 Die Umgebung von Qazzaq wurde am 6. 3. 1986 aufgenommen. [Caravan buildings near Qazzaq/Khozzaq (Plate 14.1) (Figs. 12; 108) (75)Location: 3 km northwest of Ravand (12 km northwest of Kashan), at 1040 m above sea level (station).This is (Fig. 108) a station or Cay Khaneh, the perimeter walls of a caravanserail, a caravan reference point (Mil) above a gorge, and the remains of a road built in the gorge, belonging to the route from Delidjan to Marendjab (Figs. 108; 109).1. The station building (or Cay Khaneh) is located at the mouth of the gorge (Fig. 108).Type: Building with a long rectangular central room and six flanking chambers.Dimensions: 15.50 x 14 m external dimensions, building height 4 m (Fig. 110).fn 75 The area around Qazzaq was photographed on March 6, 1986.Building material: mud construction.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Probably Qajar.In the area of ??the station and its immediate surroundings, remains of a greenish-white glass vessel and light yellowish-gray pottery with relief and stamp decoration (Fig. 111) were observed, as well as (Fig. 112, from top) two light yellowish-brown, coarse clay bowls, a bowl with a turquoise glaze on the inside, a light yellowish-green glazed dish, and a small light grayish-brown clay vessel.fn 75 The area around Qazzaq was photographed on March 6, 1986.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 60 Station bei Sarmil (Sarmileh) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.334423 long 46.139706 † basis (approximate location coordinates) VARIANT names: Station bei Sarmil (Sarmileh) , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Sarmil (Sarmileh) « Station bei Sarmil (Sarmileh) (Abb. 121 und 131)(97)Lage: 11 km nordwestlich von Kerind, an der Straße nach Sarpol-e Zohab (Baghdad - Teheran).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zentralem Bau in Hofmitte, keine besondere Iwan-Ausbildung. Erweiterung nach Norden erkennbar.Abmessungen: Können nicht angegeben werden, da nur eine Planskizze vorliegt.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist nur noch als Mauerschuttwälle im Gelände erkennbar.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Unbekannt.Umgebung: Westlich des Karavanserails von Sarmil(Sarmileh) liegt auf einer natürlichen Erhebung, die von Pa-taq emporsteigende Straße beherrschend, eine wohl vorisla-mische Befestigungsanlage, bestehend aus verstürzten Stein-wällen.Sie hat dunkelgraubraune, hellrötlichbraune und grau-braune, mittelfeine Keramik ergeben (Abb. 132) und ferner ein vorgeschichtliches Keramikbruchstück mit dunkelbrau-ner Bemalung auf hellgelbgrauem Grund (Abb. 132, rechts oben).fn. 97 AMI N. F. 8 , 1975, 124f. [Station near Sarmil (Sarmileh) (Figs. 121 and 131)(97)Location: 11 km northwest of Kerind, on the road to Sarpol-e Zohab (Baghdad - Tehran).Type: Court caravanserai with a central building in the middle of the courtyard, no special iwan structure. An extension to the north is evident.Dimensions: Cannot be specified, as only a plan sketch is available.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The complex is only recognizable as rubble walls in the terrain.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Unknown.Surroundings: West of the Sarmil (Sarmileh) caravanserai, on a natural elevation dominating the road rising from Pataq, lies a probably pre-Islamic fortification consisting of collapsed stone walls.It yielded dark gray-brown, light reddish-brown, and gray-brown, medium-fine pottery (Fig. 132) and also a prehistoric pottery fragment with dark brown painting on a light yellow-gray ground (Fig. 132, top right).fn. 97 AMI N. F. 8 , 1975, 124f.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 78-79 Station bei Surmaq : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.992072 long 52.90747 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station bei Surmaq , Surma caravensaroy , ※ SOURCE for Station bei Surmaq « Station bei Surmaq (Abb. 5; 99) (73)Lage: 8 km südlich des Ortes Surmaq, 31 km südöstlich von Abadeh und 31 km nordwestlich von Khaneh Khorreh (Khowrreh) in +1830 mü. N.N., an der Kreuzung der West-Ost-Weg über Aspas - Eqlid - Surmaq - Abarku nach Yazd (Abb. 5).Typ: Dickwandiger Wachtturm und danebenstehendes Hallengebäude.Abmessungen: a.) Turm: Äußerer Durchmesser 9 m, Durchmesser des Innenraums 4 m, Höhe 9,50 m. b.) Hallen-bau: Außenmaße 9,70 × 9,70 m, 3,50 m lichte Höhe.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Hallenbau ist erheblich, der Turm leicht beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 73 Die Station wurde am 8. 12. 1984 vermessen. [Station near Surmaq (Fig. 5; 99) (73)Location: 8 km south of the town of Surmaq, 31 km southeast of Abadeh and 31 km northwest of Khaneh Khorreh (Khowrreh) at an elevation of 1830 m above sea level, at the intersection of the east-west road via Aspas - Eqlid - Surmaq - Abarku to Yazd (Fig. 5).Type: Thick-walled watchtower and adjacent hall building.Dimensions: a.) Tower: Outer diameter 9 m, inner diameter 4 m, height 9.50 m. b.) Hall building: External dimensions 9.70 × 9.70 m, interior height 3.50 m.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: The hall building is in considerable condition, the tower slightly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 73 The station was surveyed on December 8, 1984.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 60 ※ SOURCE for Surma caravensaroy « 11th [February]. Set out about 7 in the morning for Surma, 5 farsangs; fine plain way; came thro a great many villages; at noon arrived at our mansell; large village but bad caravensaroy. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39 Station beim Cahartaq von Carteh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.979754 long 56.916453 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station beim Cahartaq von Carteh , ※ SOURCE for Station beim Cahartaq von Carteh « Station beim Cahartaq von Carteh (Charteh) (Taf. 18,2) (Abb. 4; 151) (66)Lage: 14 km nordöstlich von Negar, 19 km südwest-lich der Station Cah Baghin, am Wege (heute nur noch schwer befahrbare Piste) von Kerman nach Negar und Baft -Dowlatabad-Bandar-e Abbas, in + 2100 m ü. N.N. Die Station und eine weitere Ruine liegen am Fuß des Hügels, auf dem sich der Cahartaq (Chahartaq) (67) befindet.Typ: Hofanlage mit vorgezogenem Portal.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Portalvorsprung 12,30 × 10,50 m, Hofabmessungen 6,20 × 4,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch im Grundriß erkennbar.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in islamischer Zeit erbaut, jünger als der Cahartaq.fn 66 Carteh wurde am 13.5.1993 aufgenommen. fn 67 K. Schippmann, Die iranischen Feuerheiligtümer, Berlin 1971, 74f. [Station at the Chahartaq of Charteh (Plate 18.2) (Fig. 4; 151) (66)Location: 14 km northeast of Negar, 19 km southwest of the Chahartaq station, on the road (now a difficult track) from Kerman to Negar and Baft-Dowlatabad-Bandar-e Abbas, at an elevation of 2100 m above sea level. The station and another ruin are located at the foot of the hill on which the Chahartaq (67) is situated.Type: Courtyard complex with a projecting gateway.Dimensions: External dimensions without gateway projection 12.30 × 10.50 m, courtyard dimensions 6.20 × 4.50 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Architectural features and condition: Only recognizable in plan.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Islamic period, younger than the Chahartaq.fn 66 Chahartaq was photographed on May 13, 1993.fn 67 K. Schippmann, Die iraanischen Feuerheiligtümer [The Iranian Fire Sanctuaries], Berlin 1971, pp. 74f.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 90 Station Cah Baghin : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.043071 long 57.020202 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: location not found VARIANT names: Station Cah Baghin , ※ SOURCE for Station Cah Baghin « Sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Kerman H-40J 1941} « Station Cah Baghin (Chah Baghin) (Taf. 18,3) (Abb. 4; 152) (68)Lage: 19 km nordöstlich Carteh, 4 km südlich der Sta-tion Shahserail, in + 1820 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Kerman nach Negar-Baft-Dowlatabad - Bandar-e Abbas. Am Ort sind zwei Gebäude (A + B), eine weitere, kleinere Ruine und eine wohl nachträglich angelegte Wassermühle voneinander zu unterscheiden.Gebäude A:Typ: Rechteckbau mit sechs überkuppelten Räumen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 14,80 × 11,20 m, Höhe des Gebäudes 4,50 m (Abb. 153).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lesesteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. Gebäude B:Typ: Rechteckbau mit sechs überkuppelten Räumen, an den im Osten eine Erweiterung und im Süden ein Stall mit drei Kuppeln angebaut wurden. Abmessungen: Ursprünglicher Bau 14,30 × 11,40 m Außenmaße, Abmessungen im vorliegenden Befund 19,30 × 15,80 m (Abb. 154).Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lesesteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Verfallen.Inschriften: Keine bekannt. Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 68 Die Bauten der Station wurden am 13.5.1993 vermessen. [Chah Baghin Station (Plate 18.3) (Figs. 4; 152) (68)Location: 19 km northeast of Chah Baghin, 4 km south of Shahserail Station, at an elevation of 1820 m above sea level, on the road from Kerman to Negar-Baft-Dowlatabad - Bandar-e Abbas. Two buildings (A and B), a smaller ruin, and a watermill, likely added later, can be distinguished at the site.Building A:Type: Rectangular structure with six domed rooms.Dimensions: External dimensions 14.80 × 11.20 m, building height 4.50 m (Fig. 153).Building material: Mud bricks and fieldstones.Structural features and condition: Ruined.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.Building B:Type: Rectangular building with six domed rooms, to which an extension was added to the east and a stable with three domes to the south.Dimensions: Original building 14.30 × 11.40 m external dimensions, dimensions in the present survey 19.30 × 15.80 m (Fig. 154).Building material: Mud bricks and fieldstones.Structural features and condition: Dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 68 The station buildings were surveyed on May 13, 1993.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 90 Station Hastidjan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.859541 long 50.822166 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Hastidjan , ※ SOURCE for Station Hastidjan « Station Hastidjan am Wege von Delidjan nach Esfahan(Taf. 10,1) (Abb. 12; 77) (59)Lage: 20 km südöstlich von Delidjan (Provinz Markazi), 16 km nordwestlich von Robat-e Tork, an der Provinzgrenze und an der Route Qazvin - Saveh - Esfahan, in +1850 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: Hofanlage mit vier runden Ecktürmen. Hofbebau-ung auf einer Seite, Futternischen auf der Innenseite der Frontmauer können auf eine Innenbebauung dieser Seite hin-weisen.Abmessungen: 39 x 39 m Außenmaße, Höhe der Ecktürme 5,50 m.Baumaterial: Außen Lehmbauweise und Lehmziegel in der Hofbebauung.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark beschädigt.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrh.fn 59 Die Station wurde am 14. 3. 1984 vermessen. [Hastidjan Station on the road from Delijan to Isfahan(Plate 10.1) (Figs. 12; 77) (59)Location: 20 km southeast of Delijan (Markazi Province), 16 km northwest of Robat-e Tork, on the provincial border and on the Qazvin-Saveh-Isfahan route, at an elevation of 1850 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard complex with four round corner towers. Courtyard buildings are located on one side; feeding niches on the inner side of the front wall may indicate interior buildings on that side.Dimensions: 39 x 39 m external dimensions, height of the corner towers 5.50 m.Building materials: Exterior mudbrick construction and mud bricks in the courtyard buildings.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known. Dating: Probably Qadjar, 19th centuryfn 59 The station was surveyed on March 14, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 44 Station in the Tang-e Ab (Firuzabad) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 28.912414 long 52.541774 VARIANT names: Station in the Tang-e Ab (Firuzabad) , ※ SOURCE for Station in the Tang-e Ab (Firuzabad) « Station in der Tang-e Ab (Firuzabad) (Abb. 5; 213) 142Lage: 11 km südlich der Station bei Farukhabad, 10 km nördlich von Firuzabad am Südausgang der Tang-e Ab, in + 1300 m ü. N. N., an der Karawanenstraße von Shiraz nach Firuzabad, zwischen der sasanidischen Brücke mit kleinem Felsrelief und dem Ardashir-Palast sowie nördlich des gro- Ben sasanidischen Felsreliefs von Firuzabad. Südlich der Sta- tion ist eine Strecke der sasanidischen Straße erhalten, die in Stufen aus dem Felsen nahe dem großen Felsrelief herausge- arbeitet ist (Abb. 213).Typ: Hofanlage mit zwei Iwanen und vier Räumen und kleinen, runden Ecktürmen (Abb. 214).Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 17 × 12,70 m, Hofabmessungen 11 × 6,40 m und Gebäudehöhe etwa 5,20 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau in Hanglage ist stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich vor- bis frühislamisch [Station in the Tang-e Ab (Firuzabad) (Fig. 5; 213) 142Location: 11 km south of the station at Farukhabad, 10 km north of Firuzabad at the southern exit of the Tang-e Ab, at + 1300 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz to Firuzabad, between the Sasanian bridge with a small rock relief and the Ardashir Palace and north of the large Sasanian rock relief of Firuzabad. South of the station, a section of the Sasanian road has been preserved, carved out of the rock in steps near the large rock relief (Fig. 213).Type: Courtyard complex with two iwans and four rooms and small, round corner towers (Fig. 214).Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 17 × 12.70 m, courtyard dimensions 11 × 6.40 m and building height about 5.20 m.Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: The building on a hillside is heavily damaged.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Probably pre- to early-Islamic] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 120 «The archaeological evidence which confirms the presence of caravanserai in the narrow gorge is a structure of quadrangular plan located about 6.5 kilometers south from the northern access, on the western riverbank’s cliff wall. The plan measures 16 meters in length and 11 meters in width; it was built with stones of different sizes, not longer than 50 centimeters, bound by mortar and its maximum height is 40 centimeters. Nevertheless, the remains of the two southern spaces are preserved (Fig. 11). Figure 11. Caravanserai, D. Rossi. » #3446 Domiziana Rossi, A Road to Firūzābād, EX NOVO Journal of Archaeology, 2018 ~ p. 90 Station Kamalabad 1 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.258285 long 52.992056 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Kamalabad 1 , ※ SOURCE for Station Kamalabad 1 « Station Kamalabad (Kamal Abad) (Abb. 5; 165) (117)Lage: 48 km südöstlich von Pol-e Fasa (15 km südlich von Shiraz) und 5 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Kheyr Abad, in +1480 m ü. N.N., am Karawanenweg von Shiraz über Sarvestan nach Fasa und Darab.Typ: Es handelt sich um ein größeres Kastell mit Innen-bauten und umlaufendem Graben sowie um eine kleinere Befestigung mit Innenbauten in einigen hundert Metern Ent-fernung.Abmessungen: Kastell: Außenmaße ohne Turmvor-sprünge 110 x 94 m, Höhe der Mauern 4-5 m (Abb. 166). -Kleinere Anlage: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 45 x 45 m (Abb. 167).Baumaterial beider Anlagen: Lehmbauweise.Banliche Besonderbeiten und Zustand: Beide Anlagen sind stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch. Das Kastell wurde als Schutz für die Karawanenstraße erbaut, die kleinere Anlage mit ent-sprechender Funktion ist vielleicht älteren Datums.117 Der Platz wurde am 7. 12. 1984 aufgenommen. - AMI 24, 1991,285 ff. [Kamalabad Station (Kamal Abad) (Figs. 5; 165) (117)Location: 48 km southeast of Pol-e Fasa (15 km south of Shiraz) and 5 km southwest of the Kheyr Abad caravanserai, at an elevation of 1480 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz via Sarvestan to Fasa and Darab.Type: This is a larger fort with internal structures and a surrounding ditch, as well as a smaller fortification with internal structures located several hundred meters away.Dimensions: Fort: External dimensions without tower projections 110 x 94 m, wall height 4–5 m (Fig. 166). Smaller fortification: External dimensions without tower projections 45 x 45 m (Fig. 167).Building material of both fortifications: mud-brick construction. Unusual features and condition: Both structures are in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar. The fort was built to protect the caravan route; the smaller structure, with a corresponding function, may be of an earlier date.117 The site was photographed on December 7, 1984. - AMI 24, 1991, 285 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 95 Station Kamalabad 2 : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.257419 long 52.98808 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Kamalabad 2 , ※ SOURCE for Station Kamalabad 2 « Station Kamalabad (Kamal Abad) (Abb. 5; 165) (117)Lage: 48 km südöstlich von Pol-e Fasa (15 km südlich von Shiraz) und 5 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Kheyr Abad, in +1480 m ü. N.N., am Karawanenweg von Shiraz über Sarvestan nach Fasa und Darab.Typ: Es handelt sich um ein größeres Kastell mit Innen-bauten und umlaufendem Graben sowie um eine kleinere Befestigung mit Innenbauten in einigen hundert Metern Ent-fernung.Abmessungen: Kastell: Außenmaße ohne Turmvor-sprünge 110 x 94 m, Höhe der Mauern 4-5 m (Abb. 166). -Kleinere Anlage: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 45 x 45 m (Abb. 167).Baumaterial beider Anlagen: Lehmbauweise.Banliche Besonderbeiten und Zustand: Beide Anlagen sind stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch. Das Kastell wurde als Schutz für die Karawanenstraße erbaut, die kleinere Anlage mit ent-sprechender Funktion ist vielleicht älteren Datums.117 Der Platz wurde am 7. 12. 1984 aufgenommen. - AMI 24, 1991,285 ff. [Kamalabad Station (Kamal Abad) (Figs. 5; 165) (117)Location: 48 km southeast of Pol-e Fasa (15 km south of Shiraz) and 5 km southwest of the Kheyr Abad caravanserai, at an elevation of 1480 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz via Sarvestan to Fasa and Darab.Type: This is a larger fort with internal structures and a surrounding ditch, as well as a smaller fortification with internal structures located several hundred meters away.Dimensions: Fort: External dimensions without tower projections 110 x 94 m, wall height 4–5 m (Fig. 166). Smaller fortification: External dimensions without tower projections 45 x 45 m (Fig. 167).Building material of both fortifications: mud-brick construction. Unusual features and condition: Both structures are in a state of severe disrepair.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar. The fort was built to protect the caravan route; the smaller structure, with a corresponding function, may be of an earlier date.117 The site was photographed on December 7, 1984. - AMI 24, 1991, 285 ff.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 95 Station Karavanserail oder Stition : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.240695 long 52.222363 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Karavanserail oder Stition , ※ SOURCE for Station Karavanserail oder Stition « Station Karavanserail oder Stition, am östlichen Eingang in die sogenannte "Kaspische Pforte" (Taf. 23,3) (Abb. 7 und 130) (61)Lage: 13 km westlich von Garmsar auf einem Höhen-zug über dem östlichen Eingang in die sogenannte "Kaspische Pforte" in + 950 m ü. N.N., im Zuge der Karawanenrou-te von Eyvan-e Key nach Garmsar.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, keinen ausgebil-deten Stallungen und vier Ecktürmen. Der Bau ist mehr als Sicherungsstation, weniger zur Unterbringung von Reisen-den zu werten.Abmessungen: 23,30 x 23,30 m Außenmaße und 12 x 8,50 m Hofabmessungen.Baumaterial : Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist nur noch im Grundriß erfaßbar.fn 61 Die Ruine wurde am 27. 10. 1976 vermessen. [Caravanserail Station or Station, at the eastern entrance to the so-called "Caspian Gate" (Plate 23.3) (Figs. 7 and 130) (61)Location: 13 km west of Garmsar on a ridge above the eastern entrance to the so-called "Caspian Gate" at an elevation of 950 m above sea level, along the caravan route from Eyvan-e Key to Garmsar.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, no enclosed stables, and four corner towers. The structure is more of a security station than a place to house travelers.Dimensions: 23.30 x 23.30 m external dimensions and 12 x 8.50 m courtyard dimensions.Building material: Rubble masonry in mortar bond.Architectural features and condition: The building can only be identified in its ground plan.fn 61 The ruin was surveyed on October 27, 1976.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 77 Station Kaspische Pforte : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.289441 long 52.140524 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Kaspische Pforte , ※ SOURCE for Station Kaspische Pforte « Ruinen von Karawanenstationen am westlichen Eingang in die sogenannte Kaspische Pforte (Taf. 22,4 und 23,1) (Abb. 7 und 123) (59), östlich Eyvan-e KeyLage: 10 km östlich Eyvan-e Key in + 1020 m ü.N.N., vor dem Eingang in den Flußdurchbruch durch die soge-nannte Kaspische Pforte, auf isolierten, leichten, natürli-chen Erhöhungen.2.) Der Rechteckbau mit leicht vorspringenden Türmen, einem lichtschachtartigen Innenhof und einem Eingang. Abmessungen: 2.) Der Rechteckbau hat 15,40 × 15 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge). Der Hof ist 4,00 x 3,40 m weit (Abb. 125). fn 59 Die Bauten am westlichen Eingang in die sogenannte Kaspische Pfortes wurden am 29. 3. 1977 vermessen.[Ruins of caravan stations at the western entrance to the so-called Caspian Gate (Plates 22.4 and 23.1) (Figs. 7 and 123) (59), east of Eyvan-e KeyLocation: 10 km east of Eyvan-e Key at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level, before the entrance to the river passage through the so-called Caspian Gate, on isolated, slight, natural elevations.2.) The rectangular structure with slightly projecting towers, a light-shaft-like courtyard, and an entrance.Dimensions: 2.) The rectangular structure has external dimensions of 15.40 × 15 m (excluding the tower projections). The courtyard measures 4.00 × 3.40 m (Fig. 125).fn 59 The buildings at the western entrance to the so-called Caspian Gate were surveyed on 29 March 1977.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 74 Station Kushk-e Nosrat : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.112841 long 50.899255 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Kushk-e Nosrat , ※ SOURCE for Station Kushk-e Nosrat « Station Kushk-e Nosrat an der Straße von Teheran nach Qom (Abb.3)Lage: 8 km südwestlich des Karavanserails Aliabad, in +940 m ü.N.N., in Sichtweite des Salzsees von Qom. Ein Stationsgebäude aus qadjarischer Zeit (Ende 19. Jahrhundert), das lange Zeit als Gendarmeriestation diente. Der Bau, in Bruchsteinmauerwerk ausgeführt, wurde nach Errichtung einer modernen Gendarmeriestation in unmittelbarer Nach-barschaft, wohl um freies Schußfeld zu schaffen, vollständig abgerissen. Nicht vermessen. [Kushk-e Nosrat Station on the road from Tehran to Qom (Fig. 3)Location: 8 km southwest of the Aliabad Caravanserai, at 940 m above sea level, within sight of the Qom Salt Lake. A station building dating from the Qajar period (late 19th century), which served for a long time as a gendarmerie station. The building, constructed of rubble masonry, was completely demolished after the construction of a modern gendarmerie station in the immediate vicinity, presumably to create a clear line of fire. Not surveyed.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 37 Station Nahr Midjul : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.000116 long 49.177956 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Nahr Midjul , ※ SOURCE for Station Nahr Midjul « Station Nahr Midjul (Taf. 11,2 und 11,3), am Wege von Arak nach Borudjerd (Abb. 3 und 65) (33)Lage: 20 km südwestlich von Pol-e Doab, in + 1920 m ü.N.N.Typ: Straßenstation (oder alter Gendarmerieposten) auf einem Kulturhügel (Tepe). Durch drei Türme befestigte Hof-anlage mit Räumen auf der Nordseite des Hofes. Zweige-schossig.Abmessungen: 18 x 17 m Außenmaße (ohne Turmvor-sprünge). Höhe auf 7,60 m anzunehmen.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell einge-stürzt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Spätqadjarisch.Der Tepe, auf dem die Station errichtet ist, hat hellröt-lichbraune und hellgraubraune, islamische, unglasierte Kera-mik (Abb.66) erbracht, dazu ein innen hellbraun und gelb gesprenkeltes, glasiertes Bodenstück und hellgelbgraue, kammstrichverzierte Scherben. Der Tepe war überwiegend oder gänzlich nur in islamischer Zeit besiedelt. fn 33 Der Bau wurde am 25. 9. 1993 vermessen. [Nahr Midjul Station (Plates 11.2 and 11.3), on the road from Arak to Borudjerd (Figs. 3 and 65) (33)Location: 20 km southwest of Pol-e Doab, at an elevation of 1920 m above sea level.Type: Road station (or old gendarmerie post) on a cultural mound (tepe). A courtyard fortified by three towers, with rooms on the north side of the courtyard. Two stories high.Dimensions: 18 x 17 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections). Height estimated at 7.60 m.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: Partially collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Late Qajar.The tepe on which the station is built yielded light reddish-brown and light grayish-brown unglazed Islamic pottery (Fig. 66), as well as a glazed base piece speckled light brown and yellow on the inside and light yellowish-gray comb-decorated sherds. The tepe was predominantly or entirely inhabited only during the Islamic period.fn 33 The structure was surveyed on September 25, 1993.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 45 Station near Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: still inable to locate site. VARIANT names: Station near Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) , ※ SOURCE for Station near Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) « Station Farukhabad Firuzabad » in {map#1180 Abb. 5 Kartenausschnitt der Provinzen Bushehr und Fars, , , #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~} « Titel: Station Farukhabad Firuzabad 1988 - Court type building with circular towers and rounded projecting-parts Bildnummer: D-DAI-EUR-TEH-DIA-AWK-22186 Date taken: 1988 Image author: Wolfram Kleiss » at online reference link « Station bei Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) (Taf. 27.3.4) (Abb. 5; 211)(138)Lage: 17 km südlich Tang-e Zandjiran, 11 km nördlich der Station am Südausgang des Taldurchbruchs (Tang-e Ab) von Qal'eh Dukhtar(139)bei Firuzabad, die 2 km nördlich des sasanidischen Palastes von Firuzabad (140) liegt. Farukhabad liegt 21 km nördlich des modernen Ortes Firuzabad und etwa 19 km nördlich der sasanidischen Rundstadt von Gur mit dem zentralen Turmbau. Die Station liegt in + 1370 m .N.N., an der Karawanenstraße von Shiraz nach Firu- zabad.Typ: Hofanlage, durch runde Ecktürme und abgerun dete Risalite gegliedert. Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 26 x 19.40m, Hofabmessungen 9,60 x 8,50 m, Gebäudehöhe etwa 6 m (Abb. 212).Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen Inschriften: Vom Bau sind keine bekannt. Der Bau liegt im Bereich eines islamischen Friedhofes mit mehreren zer- schlagenen Grabinschrift-Bruchstücken.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich frühislamisch. [Station near Farukhabad (Farokh Abad) (Table 27.3.4) (Fig. 5; 211) (138)Location: 17 km south of Tang-e Zandjiran, 11 km north of the station at the southern exit of the valley breakthrough (Tang-e Ab) of Qal'eh Dukhtar (139) near Firuzabad, which is 2 km north of the Sasanian palace of Firuzabad (140). Farukhabad is 21 km north of the modern town of Firuzabad and about 19 km north of the Sasanian round city of Gur with the central tower building. The station is located at + 1370 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Shiraz to Firuzabad.Type: Courtyard complex, structured by round corner towers and rounded risalites. Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 26 x 19.40m, courtyard dimensions 9.60 x 8.50 m, building height about 6 m (Fig. 212).Building material: quarry stone.Structural features and condition: Very badly dilapidated Inscriptions: None are known from the building. The building is located in the area of ??an Islamic cemetery with several broken fragments of grave inscriptions.Dating: Probably early Islamic.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 116-119 Station nördlich Mahyar : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.396859 long 51.76636 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station nördlich Mahyar , ※ SOURCE for Station nördlich Mahyar « Station nördlich Mahyar (Abb. 12; 272) (146)Lage: 34 km südlich Esfahan, in +1650 m ü.N.N., an der Straße Esfahan - Shiraz, 5 km nördlich der Reste eines Lehm-ziegelkaravanserails und 15 km nördlich von Mahyar.Typ: Hofanlage mit anschließenden zwei erhaltenen, ge-wölbten Räumen.Abmessungen: 16 x 16 m ummauerte, erhöhte Terrassen-fläche. Gewölbebau 5,70 x 6,00 m Außenmaße und etwa 2,50 m Gewölbehöhe.Baumaterial: Gewölbe aus Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark, bis zur Unkenntlichkeit (Hofanlage) zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.fn 146 Die Ruine wurde am 9. 12. 1984 vermessen. [Station north of Mahyar (Fig. 12; 272) (146)Location: 34 km south of Esfahan, at 1650 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Shiraz road, 5 km north of the remains of a mud-brick caravanserai and 15 km north of Mahyar.Type: Courtyard complex with two adjoining vaulted rooms.Dimensions: 16 x 16 m walled, elevated terrace area. Vaulted structure 5.70 x 6.00 m external dimensions and approximately 2.50 m vault height.Building material: Vault made of rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Very badly damaged, beyond recognition (courtyard complex).Inscriptions: None known.fn 146 The ruin was surveyed on December 9, 1984.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 137 Station östlich Abarkuh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.222442 long 53.431121 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station östlich Abarkuh , ※ SOURCE for Station östlich Abarkuh « Station östlich Abarkuh (Abarku) (Abb. 5; 152) 104Lage: 14 km östlich von Abarkuh am Rande der vegeta-tionslosen Salzwüste (Kavir), an der Straße von Abarkuh über Deh Shir (Provinz Yazd) nach Yazd. Östlich neben der vermessenen Station liegt eine größere, befestigte Anlage, von der aber nur noch Grundrisspuren partiell zu erkennen sind. Sie konnte nicht vermessen werden.Typ: Rechteckig ummauerte Anlage mit runden Eck-nirmen, nur auf eineinhalb Seiten im Innern mit Räumen versehen (Abb. 153).Abmessungen: Aufßenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge) 39 x 34 m, Gebäudehöhe 5 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel und Lehmstampfungen.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark ver-fallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. fn 104 Die Station wurde am 15. 9. 1988 vermessen. [ 1,185 Station East of Abarkuh (Abarku) (Fig. 5; 152) 104Location: 14 km east of Abarkuh on the edge of the barren salt desert (Kavir), on the road from Abarkuh via Deh Shir (Yazd Province) to Yazd. East of the surveyed station lies a larger, fortified structure, of which only partial traces of the ground plan remain. It could not be surveyed.Type: Rectangular walled structure with rounded corner turrets, with rooms on only one and a half sides inside (Fig. 153).Dimensions: External dimensions (excluding turret projections) 39 x 34 m, building height 5 m.Building material: Mud bricks and rammed earth.Structural features and condition: Very dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.fn 104 The station was surveyed on September 15, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 86 Station Pol-e Anbu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.605681 long 49.985834 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Pol-e Anbu , ※ SOURCE for Station Pol-e Anbu « Station in Verbindung mit der Pol-e Anbu (Taf. 7,3) (Abb.4 und 84) (72)Lage: Auf dem Nordufer des Shahrud, der die Grenze zwischen Gilan und Zandjan bildet, 55km nördlich von Qazvin, am Wege von Qazvin an die Küste des Kaspischen Meeres nach Rudsar und Langarud. In + 710 mü. N.N. gele-gen, in baulicher Verbindung mit der Brücke. Auf dem Süd-ufer befindet sich die Ruine eines Sicherungsturmes und in erhöhter Lage eine Befestigung auf isoliertem Felsen über dem Brückenkopf (Abb. 85), von der ein frühmittelalterliches Gefäß dunkelgraubrauner, grober Ware und eine Scherbe mit dunkelrotbrauner, geometrischer Bemalung auf hellbrau-nem, geschlämmtem Grund feiner Ware stammen (Abb. 86). Typ: Die Karawanenstation steht in baulichem Zusam-menhang mit dem nördlichen Brückenkopf der Pol-e Anbu (Abb.87) und nutzt das Gelände in der Anlage der ab-schnittsweise aneinander gefügten Baukörper geschickt aus. Kernbau ist eine zweigeschossige Toranlage, die im Erdge-schoß von zwei Räumen flankiert wird. Das Obergeschoß besteht aus 3 Räumen mit nach Süden gerichteter Loggia (Abb.88).Abmessungen: Größte Ausdehnung von West nach Ost 56 m und von Nord nach Süd 30 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Anlage ist durch Zerstörungen erheblich in ihrem Baubestand gestört.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wohl nachträglich in qadjarischer Zeit an die safavidische Brücke angefügt.fn 72 Pol-e Anbu, AMI 18, 1985, 205 f. - Die Station wurde am 3. 7. 1984 vermessen. [Station in connection with the Pol-e Anbu (Plate 7.3) (Figs. 4 and 84) (72)Location: On the north bank of the Shahrud River, which forms the border between Gilan and Zanjan, 55 km north of Qazvin, on the road from Qazvin to the Caspian Sea coast at Rudsar and Langarud. Situated at an elevation of 710 m above sea level, structurally connected to the bridge. On the south bank are the ruins of a watchtower and, in an elevated position, a fortification on an isolated rock above the bridgehead (Fig. 85), from which an early medieval vessel of dark gray-brown, coarse ware and a sherd of fine ware with dark reddish-brown geometric decoration on a light brown, glazed ground were recovered (Fig. 86).Type: The caravan station is structurally connected to the northern bridgehead of the Pol-e Anbu (Fig. 87) and cleverly utilizes the terrain in its arrangement of interconnected building sections. The core structure is a two-story gatehouse, flanked on the ground floor by two rooms. The upper floor consists of three rooms with a south-facing loggia (Fig. 88).Dimensions: Greatest extent from west to east 56 m and from north to south 30 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: The structure has been significantly damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably added to the Safavid bridge later, during the Qajar period.fn 72 Pol-e Anbu, AMI 18, 1985, 205 f. - The station was surveyed on 3 July 1984.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 55 Station Qal'eh Murceh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.501103 long 53.206227 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravensaroy , Station Qal'eh Murceh , ※ SOURCE for caravensaroy « 13th [February]. About midnight set out for Conakergone, 10 farsangs; about 1 farsang from the last place is a small hill to pass, all the rest of the way plain; about 7 farsangs is a pretty good Caravensaroy, from whence must take bread, wood etc., for at Conakergone nothing to be had; » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ p. 39 ※ SOURCE for Station Qal'eh Murceh « Station Qal'eh Murceh (Taf. 11,1) (Abb. 5; 110) (78)Lage: 13 km südlich von Dehbid und 22 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan), in + 2170 m ü. N. N., an der Haupt-straße von Esfahan nach Shiraz.Typ: Rechteckbau mit Innenhof und zwei Iwanen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 14,10 × 15,10 m, Hofabmes-sungen 9,30 × 4,50 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,50 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallene Ruine.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19.-20. Jahrhundert.Die Ruine ist als ehemaliger Straßenposten und Gen-darmeriestation anzusehen. fn 78 Die Station wurde am 1. 10. 1989 vermessen. [ 901 Qal'eh Murceh Station (Plate 11.1) (Fig. 5; 110) (78)Location: 13 km south of Dehbid and 22 km north of Didgan, at an elevation of 2170 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz.Type: Rectangular building with an inner courtyard and two iwans.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 14.10 × 15.10 m, courtyard dimensions 9.30 × 4.50 m, building height 3.50 m.Building material: Rubble and mud bricks.Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated ruin.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th-20th century.The ruin is considered a former road post and gendarmerie station.fn 78 The station was surveyed on October 1, 1989.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 64 Station Robat Dovom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.479161 long 52.757512 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Robat Dovom , ※ SOURCE for Station Robat Dovom « Station Robat Dovom (Dovum) (Taf. 15,1.2) (Abb. 5; 144) 101Lage: 18 km südöstlich der Station Mahmud Shah, an der Provinzgrenze Fars/Esfahan und etwa 20 km (Luftlinie) nordwestlich von Robat Shahneshin, in + 1770 m ü. N. N., an dem Karawanenweg von Esfahan über Esfandan nach Abarku (Abarkuh) (Abb. 5).Typ: Langrechteckiger Bau, die Ruine wurde zum Schafstall umfunktioniert.Abmessungen: Auf etwa 11 m Länge noch meßbar, die Breite betrug 14 m. Die erhaltene Höhe des Gewölbes be-trägt 1,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf geringe Reste vollständig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt. [ 640 Robat Dovom (Dovum) Station (Plate 15.1.2) (Fig. 5; 144) 101Location: 18 km southeast of Mahmud Shah Station, on the Fars/Esfahan provincial border and approximately 20 km (as the crow flies) northwest of Robat Shahneshin, at an elevation of 1770 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Esfahan via Esfandan to Abarku (Abarkuh) (Fig. 5).Type: Long rectangular structure; the ruins were converted into a sheepfold.Dimensions: Approximately 11 m in length is still measurable; the width was 14 m. The remaining height of the vault is 1.60 m.Building material: Rubble.Structural features and condition: Completely destroyed except for minor remnants.Inscriptions: None known.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 83 Station Sardahan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.29645 long 51.880756 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Sardahan , Station Sar-e Mil : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.321938 long 47.819716 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: caravanserai , Station Sar-e Mil , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « Le fleuve qui coule deſſous eſt trés large et trés rapide, il pa-roît auifi trés profond: on le nomme Querfilheufé. Au delà de ce pont à quelque diſtance on trouve un Caravanſerail, [The river flowing beneath is very wide and very swift; it also appears very deep: it is called Querfilheufé. Beyond this bridge, at some distance, one finds a caravanserai.] » #3649 Paul Lucas, Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant, Chez Guillaume Vandive, Paris, 1704 ~ vol. 2 p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Station Sar-e Mil « Station Sar-e Mil an der Brücke von Qaflan Kuh (Abb.4 und 67)Lage: 26 km südlich von Mianeh an der Straße von Ta-briz nach Zandjan und Qazvin, in + 1010 m ü. N.N. Die Sta-tion steht am rechten, nördlichen Ufer des Qizil Uzun in der Nähe der alten Brücke und von zwei modernen Brücken, von denen eine durch Hochwasser zerstört wurde.Typ: Stationsgebäude mit zwei Flügeln, einem Eingangs-flügel mit seitlichen Räumen am Eingang und einem rück-wärtigen, zweiteiligen Stall. Dazwischen erstreckt sich ein Hof.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 22 × 17 m, Hofmaße 14,90 x 7,30 m. Mauerstärken 1 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteine und Ziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Die Ruine ist stark beschädigt.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Ende 19. Jahrhundert, Anfang 20. Jahrhun-dert.fn 58 Die Ruine wurde am 2. 5. 1976 vermessen. Zur Brücke von Qaflan Kuh: AMI 16, 1983, 363 ff. [Sar-e Mil Station at the Qaflan Kuh Bridge (Figs. 4 and 67)Location: 26 km south of Mianeh on the road from Tabriz to Zanjan and Qazvin, at an elevation of 1010 m above sea level. The station is located on the right, northern bank of the Qizil Uzun River, near the old bridge and two modern bridges, one of which was destroyed by flooding.Type: Station building with two wings, an entrance wing with side rooms at the entrance and a rear, two-part stable. A courtyard extends between them. Dimensions: External dimensions 22 × 17 m, courtyard dimensions 14.90 x 7.30 m. Wall thickness 1 m.Building material: Rubble stone and brick.Structural features and condition: The ruin is severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Late 19th century, early 20th century.fn 58 The ruin was surveyed on May 2, 1976. On the bridge of Qaflan Kuh: AMI 16, 1983, 363 ff.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 44 and 48 Station Seh Gonbad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.672265 long 52.637602 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station Seh Gonbad , ※ SOURCE for Station Seh Gonbad « Station Seh Gonbad (Taf. 32,1) (Abb. 12; 268) 143Lage: 18 km südlich von Esfandan und 11 km nördlich der Station Mahmud Shah, in +1580 m ü.N.N., an der Route Esfahan - Esfandan - Abarku/Abarquh.Typ: In drei Bauphasen aneinandergebaute 5 Kuppelräu-me in leicht hufeisenförmiger Anordnung um einen hofarti-gen Vorplatz.Abmessungen: 17,90 x 11 m Gesamtausdehnung, Kup-pelhöhe außen etwa 4,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk in Mörtelverband.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Teilweise stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich in qadjarischer Zeit in min-destens drei Bauphasen errichtet (Ende 19. Jahrhundert). Kann nur als Karawanenstation angesehen werden. Moderne Nutzung als Viehpferch. [Seh Gonbad Station (Plate 32.1) (Figs. 12; 268) 143Location: 18 km south of Esfandan and 11 km north of Mahmud Shah Station, at an elevation of 1580 m above sea level, on the Esfahan-Esfandan-Abarku/Abarquh route.Type: Five domed rooms, constructed in three phases and arranged in a slightly horseshoe shape around a courtyard.Dimensions: 17.90 x 11 m overall dimensions, dome height approximately 4.60 m.Building material: Rubble masonry in mortar.Structural features and condition: Partially heavily damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably built in the Qajar period in at least three phases (late 19th century). Can only be considered a caravan station. Modern use: as a cattle enclosure.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 137 Station südlich von Robat-e Soltan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.98092 long 51.664459 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Station südlich von Robat-e Soltan , ※ SOURCE for Station südlich von Robat-e Soltan « Station südlich von Robat-e Soltan (Abb. 12; 186) (105)Lage: 17 km südlich von Robat-e Soltan, am Weg nach Esfahan, in +1620 m ü.N.N.Typ: Langgestreckte Hofanlage mit Vorsprüngen und Halbrundtürmen. Einzelheiten nicht mehr erkennbar.Abmessungen: 107,50 x 43,50 m Außenmaße. Hofabmessungen etwa 82 x 27,50 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel (35/35/9 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark verfallen.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Frühislamisch, wahrscheinlich seldschukisch. fn 105 Der Platz wurde am 9. 3. 1984 in Schrittmaßen aufgenommen. [Station south of Robat-e Soltan (Fig. 12; 186) (105)Location: 17 km south of Robat-e Soltan, on the road to Isfahan, at an elevation of 1620 m above sea level.Type: Elongated courtyard complex with projections and semicircular towers. Details are no longer discernible.Dimensions: 107.50 x 43.50 m external dimensions. Courtyard dimensions approximately 82 x 27.50 m.Building material: Mud bricks (35/35/9 cm).Structural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Early Islamic, probably Seljuk. fn 105 The site was surveyed on March 9, 1984, using paces.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 97 Station südöstlich Qarneh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat .4150371549 long 194 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: unable to locate insufficient information. VARIANT names: Station südöstlich Qarneh , ※ SOURCE for Station südöstlich Qarneh « Station südöstlich Qarneh (Taf. 30,4) (Abb. 12; 259) (136)Lage: 55 km südöstlich von Esfahan, in +1550 mü.N.N., an der Karawanenroute von Esfahan über Ramsheh/Esfan-dan nach Abarku (Abarkuh/ Abarqu/Abr-e Kuh) in der Pro-vinz Fars.Abb. 259 Station südöstlich Qarneh, Grundriß und SchnittTyp: Rechteckige Anlage aus mehreren Räumen beste-hend, mindestens zweigeschossig.Abmessungen: 21,50 x 10,50 m Außenmaße. Das teilwei-se verschüttete Erdgeschoß hat eine Höhe von 2,60 m. fn 136 Die Ruine wurde am 19. 5. 1993 vermessen. [Station southeast of Qarneh (Plate 30.4) (Figs. 12; 259) (136)Location: 55 km southeast of Isfahan, at 1550 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Isfahan via Ramsheh/Esfan-dan to Abarku (Abarkuh/Abarqu/Abr-e Kuh) in Fars Province.Fig. 259 Station southeast of Qarneh, plan and sectionType: Rectangular structure consisting of several rooms, at least two stories high.Dimensions: 21.50 x 10.50 m external dimensions. The partially buried ground floor has a height of 2.60 m.fn 136 The ruin was surveyed on May 19, 1993.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 132 Station zwischen Bishapur und Nurabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.976086 long 51.582465 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found this location based on Kleiss directions VARIANT names: Station zwischen Bishapur und Nurabad , ※ SOURCE for Station zwischen Bishapur und Nurabad « Station zwischen Bishapur und Nurabad (Abb. 5; 70) (53)Lage: 15 km nördlich des Straßen-Knotenpunktes Cenar-e Shahidjan und 18 km südlich von Nurabad sowie 9 km südlich von Naqsh-e Bahram mit dem sasanidischen Felsrelief 54, in + 1080 m ü. N. N., nahe der Paßhöhe am Wege von Khuzestan (Ahvaz) nach Bishapur und Shiraz.Typ: Rechteckiger Bau in drei Raumachsen.Abmessungen: Etwa 30 × 25 m.Baumaterial: Starke Mauern aus großen Feldsteinen als Fundament. Obere Mauerteile wahrscheinlich aus Lehm-material.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Bis auf die Grundmauern zerstört.fn 53 Die Ruine wurde am 9. 11. 1990 aufgenommen. [Station between Bishapur and Nurabad (Fig. 5; 70) (53)Location: 15 km north of the road junction Cenar-e Shahidjan and 18 km south of Nurabad, and 9 km south of Naqsh-e Bahram with the Sasanian rock relief 54, at an elevation of 1080 m above sea level, near the mountain pass on the road from Khuzestan (Ahvaz) to Bishapur and Shiraz.Type: Rectangular structure with three axes.Dimensions: Approximately 30 × 25 m.Building material: Strong walls of large fieldstones as a foundation. Upper sections of the walls probably made of clay.Structural features and condition: Destroyed down to the foundations.fn 53 The ruin was photographed on November 9, 1990.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 43 Station, 17km südwestlich Adjabshir : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.419342 long 46.000568 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: unable to locate VARIANT names: Station, 17km südwestlich Adjabshir , ※ SOURCE for Station, 17km südwestlich Adjabshir « Station, 17km südwestlich Adjabshir (Abb. 4 und 59)Lage: Die Station liegt am Karawanenweg von Tabriz nach Hamadan, 17km südwestlich von Adjabshir und etwa 25 km (Luftlinie) westlich von Maragheh.Typ: Ein wahrscheinlich ursprünglich rechteckiges, viel-leicht unvollendetes Karavanserail wurde in einer jüngeren Bauphase (Abb. 19, punktiert) schräg durch eine Mauer abge schlossen.Abmessungen: Länge 44 m. größte Breite im Süden an-nähernd 36 m, kleinste Breite im Norden 18 m.Baumaterial: Lehmziegel.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist stark verfallen. Am schräg den Bau schneidenden Karawanenweg ist eine Turmruine zur Sicherung des Weges erhalten.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Der ursprüngliche Bau und die Veränderun-gen sind im 19. Jahrhundert errichtet und durchgeführt. [Station, 17 km southwest of Adjabshir (Figs. 4 and 59)Location: The station is located on the caravan route from Tabriz to Hamadan, 17 km southwest of Adjabshir and approximately 25 km (as the crow flies) west of Maragheh.Type: A probably originally rectangular, perhaps unfinished caravanserai was enclosed at an angle by a wall in a later construction phase (Fig. 19, dotted line).Dimensions: Length 44 m, greatest width in the south approximately 36 m, smallest width in the north 18 m.Building material: Mud brick.Structural features and condition: The building is in a state of severe disrepair. A tower ruin, intended to secure the caravan route, remains at the angle where it intersects the building.Inscriptions: None are known.Dating: The original structure and the alterations were built and carried out in the 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 39 Stationsgebaude (Caykhaneh) Dehbid : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.604955 long 53.190065 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Stationsgebaude (Caykhaneh) Dehbid , ※ SOURCE for Stationsgebaude (Caykhaneh) Dehbid « Karawanenhaltepunkt Dehbid (Abb. 5; 105) (76)Lage: 29 km südlich von Khaneh Khorreh und 13 km nördlich der Station Qal'eh Murceh, in + 2210 m ü. N. N., an der Hauptstraße von Esfahan nach Shiraz und an dem Weg von Shiraz über Abarku nach Yazd. Dehbid liegt 35 km nördlich von Didgan (Didegan) (Abb. 5). Am Ort sind zu unterscheiden: Ein oktogonales Karavanserail, ein rechtecki-ges Hofkaravanserail und ein kleineres Stationsgebäude. Außerdem liegt ein vorgeschichtlicher Tepe im Bereich der Ortschaft.Das Stationsgebäude (Caykhaneh): Langrechteckiger Bau von 25,30 × 8,30 m Außenmaßen und 7 m innerer Höhe unter der Kuppel (Abb. 107). Das Gebäude dürfte in qadjarischer Zeit entstanden sein. Weitere Angaben sind nicht möglich.fn 76 Ebenda, 73. - Der Tepe von Dehbid wurde am 9. 12. 1988 begangen. [Dehbid Caravan Stop (Fig. 5; 105) (76)Location: 29 km south of Khaneh Khorreh and 13 km north of the Qal'eh Murceh station, at an elevation of 2210 m above sea level, on the main road from Isfahan to Shiraz and on the road from Shiraz via Abarku to Yazd. Dehbid is located 35 km north of Didgan (Fig. 5). The following structures can be distinguished at the site: an octagonal caravanserai, a rectangular courtyard caravanserai, and a smaller station building. A prehistoric tepe is also located within the settlement area.The station building (Caykhaneh): A long rectangular structure with external dimensions of 25.30 × 8.30 m and an internal height of 7 m under the dome (Fig. 107). The building likely dates from the Qajar period. No further details are available.fn 76 Ibid., 73. - The Tepe of Dehbid was commemorated on December 9, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 62 Straßenstation (Erdkastell) bei Alifabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.616678 long 48.737545 † basis (unknown) Supplement: no visible signs VARIANT names: Straßenstation (Erdkastell) bei Alifabad , ※ SOURCE for Straßenstation (Erdkastell) bei Alifabad « Straßenstation (Erdkastell) bei Alifabad (Abb. 121 und 153)108Lage: 38km südöstlich von Hamadan, an der Straße nach Malayer (Hamadan - Isfahan) gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail oder Station mit 4 Ecktürmen. Einzelheiten nicht mehr erkennbar.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 75 x 75 m. Hofmaße 50 x 50 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch als Schuttwälle erkennbar.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Erbaut im islamischen Mittelalter. fn108 Ebenda 212f. - Die Anlage wurde am 3. 7. 1973 besucht. [Road station (earth fort) near Alifabad (Figs. 121 and 153)108Location: 38 km southeast of Hamadan, on the road to Malayer (Hamadan - Isfahan).Type: Court caravanserai or station with four corner towers. Details no longer discernible.Dimensions: External dimensions 75 x 75 m. Courtyard dimensions 50 x 50 m.Building material: Mud-brick construction.Structural features and condition: Only recognizable as rubble walls.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Built in the Islamic Middle Ages.fn 108 Ibid. 212f. - The site was visited on July 3, 1973.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 91 Strassenstation 25 km westlich von Shiraz : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.616805 long 52.289826 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Strassenstation 25 km westlich von Shiraz , ※ SOURCE for Strassenstation 25 km westlich von Shiraz « Straßenstation 25 km westlich von Shiraz (Abb. 5; 66) (49)Lage: 25 km westlich von Shiraz (Zentrum) und 22 km östlich von Khaneh Zenyan, in +1760 m ü. N. N., an der Straße von Bushehr nach Shiraz.Typ: Zweigeschossige, turmartige Station, mit einem Stall im Erdgeschoß und einem Wohnraum mit Kamin im Obergeschoß und wahrscheinlich einer oberen Wehrplatt-form, sowie mit seitlichen Schießscharten.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,40 × 5,85 m, Raumhöhe 4,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Das Oberge-schoß ist weitgehend zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich - an Hand der Gewölbefor-men als qadjarischer Wehrbau zu rekonstruieren.fn 49 Die Station wurde am 4. 12. 1988 vermessen. [Road station 25 km west of Shiraz (Figs. 5; 66) (49)Location: 25 km west of Shiraz (city center) and 22 km east of Khaneh Zenyan, at an elevation of 1760 m above sea level, on the road from Bushehr to Shiraz.Type: Two-story, tower-like station with a stable on the ground floor and a living room with a fireplace on the upper floor, likely featuring an upper defensive platform and side loopholes.Dimensions: External dimensions 10.40 × 5.85 m, interior height 4.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The upper floor is largely destroyed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably reconstructed as a Qajar fortification based on the vault forms.fn 49 The station was surveyed on December 4, 1988.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 41 Straßenstation 30 km westlich Djahrom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 28.618466 long 53.350388 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found location based on distances VARIANT names: Straßenstation 30 km westlich Djahrom , ※ SOURCE for Straßenstation 30 km westlich Djahrom « Straßenstation 40 km westlich von Djahrom (Abb. 5; 209) (136)Lage: 40 km westlich von Djahrom und 32 km östlich von Kalakoli, in + 1020 m ü. N. N., am Wege von Meymand und von Firuzabad nach Djahrom.Typ: Dreiseitige Hofanlage mit runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 17,30 × 16,30 m, Hofabmessungen 11,60 × 8,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Lehm.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 136 Die Station wurde am 2.3. 1977 vermessen. [Road station 40 km west of Djahrom (Fig. 5; 209) (136)Location: 40 km west of Djahrom and 32 km east of Kalakoli, at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level, on the road from Meymand and from Firuzabad to Djahrom.Type: Three-sided courtyard complex with round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 17.30 × 16.30 m, courtyard dimensions 11.60 × 8.60 m.Building material: Rubble stone and clay.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 136 The station was surveyed on March 2, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 4: ~ p. 116 Straßenstation 40 km westlich von Djahrom : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 28.634028 long 53.2496 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) Supplement: not found location based on distances VARIANT names: Straßenstation 40 km westlich von Djahrom , ※ SOURCE for Straßenstation 40 km westlich von Djahrom « Straßenstation 40 km westlich von Djahrom (Abb. 5; 209) (136)Lage: 40 km westlich von Djahrom und 32 km östlich von Kalakoli, in + 1020 m ü. N. N., am Wege von Meymand und von Firuzabad nach Djahrom.Typ: Dreiseitige Hofanlage mit runden Ecktürmen.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Turmvorsprünge 17,30 × 16,30 m, Hofabmessungen 11,60 × 8,60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein und Lehm.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert.fn 136 Die Station wurde am 2.3. 1977 vermessen. [Road station 40 km west of Djahrom (Fig. 5; 209) (136)Location: 40 km west of Djahrom and 32 km east of Kalakoli, at an elevation of 1020 m above sea level, on the road from Meymand and from Firuzabad to Djahrom.Type: Three-sided courtyard complex with round corner towers.Dimensions: External dimensions without tower projections 17.30 × 16.30 m, courtyard dimensions 11.60 × 8.60 m.Building material: Rubble stone and clay.Structural features and condition: Severely damaged.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably Qajar, 19th century.fn 136 The station was surveyed on March 2, 1977.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 4: ~ p. 116 Straßenstation bei Kavar : place IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS feature: none independent coordinate: lat 29.174471 long 52.688587 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Straßenstation bei Kavar , ※ SOURCE for Straßenstation bei Kavar(Arch. Site) « Straßenstation bei Kavar (Abb. 5; 198)132 Lage: 2 km südlich des Karavanserails von Kavar und knapp 1 km südlich der alten Mand-Brücke von Kavar, in + 1560 m ü. N. N., am Weg von Shiraz nach Firuzabad.Typ: Soweit noch erkennbar, handelt es sich um ein Hofkaravanserail einfachen Planes auf tepeartiger Erhebung um eine Felsrippe herum.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 62 × 60 m.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinfundament mit Lehmaufbau. Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell vollstän- dig zerstört.Inschriften: keine bekannt.Datierung: Unklar, vielleicht vorsafavidisch. Im Bereich der Station wurde hellrötlichbraune Keramik gefunden. [Road station near Kavar (Fig. 5; 198)132 Location: 2 km south of the Kavar caravanserai and just under 1 km south of the old Mand bridge of Kavar, at + 1560 m above sea level, on the way from Shiraz to Firuzabad.Type: As far as can be seen, it is a court caravanserai of simple plan on a tepe-like elevation around a rocky ridge.Dimensions: External dimensions 62 × 60 m.Building material: Quarry stone foundation with clay structure. Structural features and condition: Partially completely destroyed.Inscriptions: none known.Dating: Unclear, perhaps pre-Safavid. Light reddish-brown pottery was found in the area of ??the station.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 109-110 Substruktionen bei Khosrowabad : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.187021 long 46.360085 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Substruktionen bei Khosrowabad , ※ SOURCE for Substruktionen bei Khosrowabad « Substruktionen bei Khosrowabad (Abb. 121 und 133) (98)Lage: 15 km westlich von Eslamabad (Islamabad/Shaha-bad-e Gharb) und 65 km östlich von Pataq. Der Ort wird auch Firuzabad genannt. Er liegt an der Hauptstraße Baghdad - Teheran. Typ: Langrechteckbau aus Korridoren und zellenartigen Räumen, tonnengewölbt, vergleichbar dem Gewölbebau von Pataq (siehe S. 77).Abmessungen: Die Gebäudereste, vom modernen Dorf stark überbaut, lassen sich auf eine Länge von 110 m und eine Breite von 50 m verfolgen.Baumaterial: Bruchsteinmauerwerk.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Sehr stark zer-stört und überbaut.Inschriften: sind nicht bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich spätsasanidisch bis frühisla-misch. fn. 98 AMI N. F. 7, 1974, 236f. [Substructures at Khosrowabad (Figs. 121 and 133) (98)Location: 15 km west of Eslamabad (Islamabad/Shaha-bad-e Gharb) and 65 km east of Pataq. The site is also called Firuzabad. It lies on the main road from Baghdad to Tehran. Type: Long rectangular building consisting of corridors and cell-like rooms, barrel-vaulted, comparable to the vaulted structure at Pataq (see p. 77).Dimensions: The building remains, heavily built over by the modern village, can be traced to a length of 110 m and a width of 50 m.Building material: Rubble masonry.Structural features and condition: Heavily damaged and built over.Inscriptions: Unknown.Dating: Probably late Sasanian to early Islamic. fn. 98 AMI N.F. 7, 1974, 236f.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ pp. 79-80 Surkhadiza Khan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 34.399057 long 46.047783 † basis (unknown) Supplement: location coordinates need verifying VARIANT names: Khan-el-Tauk , Myan Tak caravanserai , Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai , Suridage caravanserai , Surkhadiza Khan , ※ SOURCE for Khan-el-Tauk « Our descent from the summit of Mount Zagros was more easy than our ascent had been, this lying over round woody hills, with grass turf and weeds on the soil; and in about an hour after leaving the pass we came to the ruins of an old khan, with a new one near it, now building, and not yet half finished. We found, however, sufficient shelter for our small party, and consequently alighted there.This is called the Khan-el-Tauk, having no town near it to give it another name, and the present new one is the work of the Shah Zadé, the King of Persia's son, the existing lord of the district of Kermanshah. Our whole road from Serpool, thus far, had occupied nearly five hours, and was mostly in an easterly direction; but from the nature of our road, the distance, in a straight line, could not have been more than seven or eight miles. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ pp. 61-2 ※ SOURCE for Myan Tak caravanserai « The small and ruinous caravanserai was really full of caravans detained by the snowstorm, and we lodged in a Kurdish house, » #3644 Bishop, Isabella L., Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, John Murray, London, 1891 ~ vol. 1 p. 88 ※ SOURCE for Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai (Photo) Travel to Ancient Iran; The View of the "Sorkheh Hesar Caravanserai" During the Era of Nasser al-Din Shah online reference link [accessed 15 Sep 2025] ※ SOURCE for Suridage caravanserai « At the distance of two miles we reached the caravanserai of Suridage, adjoining a small Coordish village, whence we procured every necessary supply. ... We encamped close to the serai, in a small basin formed by precipitous mountains, ri-sing from a thousand to fifteen hundred feet on all sides. The ruins of a small square fort, with four bastions, occupy a little mound in the centre of the basin; the tradition of which is, that it was built by the Guebres. The caravanserai was built by the late Mohummud Ali Meerza, at an expense of three thousand tomauns. The whole of this range of mountains consists of limestone. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 1 p. 328 ※ SOURCE for Surkhadiza Khan « Surkhadiza Khan. Supplies scarce. Water abundant.Fuel plentiful. Forage abundant. From this point to Karind the general direction is SE. » #3590 A Handbook of Mesopotamia, Volume III, Central Mesopotamia with Southern Kurdistan and the Syrian desert, Admiralty and War Office, London, 1917 ~ p. 191 « Colonel Matthews had returned on the 9th from Pai Taq, where he had gone with a part of his column to meet and escort back wireless and survey sections, which had been attached to the Russian force at Kermanshah, and he had experienced considerable difficulty owing to the indifferent state of the road and bad weather. Arrangements were made to carry out immediate improvement of this road and by the end of the month the bulk of Matthews' Column was located at Surkhadiza Khan, with small detachments at Pai Taq and Sar-i-pul. » #3592 History of the Great War based on official documents. The Campaign In Mesopotamia 1914-1918. Volume IV. [?67v] (139/540), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/66/4, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 104 Tabarte caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0231553 , Tabarte caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0231553 EAMENA-0231553 online reference link [accessed 28 Nov 2025] Tactʃi Caravansera : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: unknown location VARIANT names: Tactʃi Caravansera , ※ SOURCE for Tactʃi Caravansera « t was resolv'd we should go on, which we did, and came, after two Leagues travel to a Caravansera, called Tactʃi, and having gone two Leagues further, we were got to the top of the Mountain of Scha|machie. » #3669 Adam Olearius, Johann Albrecht von Mandelslo, John Davies, The Voyages and Travells of the Ambassadors Sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, J. Starkey and T. Basset, 1669 ~ p. 167 Tagau Rabat : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 34.6366436 long 62.83709854 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Tagau Rabat , ※ SOURCE for Tagau Rabat « 2256. TAGAU RABAT Original: Lat. 34º 380 N, long. 62º500 E. Map 53. Revised: 34.6366436 N, 62.83709854 E / 34º 380 11.91694704 N, 62º 500 13.55474580 E. Herat Province. At the northern foot of Zarmast Pass, 9 km from Armalik. Description: A ruined caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 224—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 449 Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.876629 long 48.220811 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai کاروانسرای تاج آباد سفلی VARIANT names: abandoned caravanserai , caravanserai , Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah , roofed caravanserai , Taj Abad caravanserai , Tajabad-e Sofla Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for abandoned caravanserai « Vers le milieu se trouve un caravansérail abandonné, bâti anciennement par Hadji-Ali-Khan. Il s'est détaché de la montagne un grand nombre de pierres de marbre de différentes grosseurs, que l'on voit sur la route. Près du caravansérail les pierres nous parurent avoir quelques parcelles de cuivre. [Towards the middle is an abandoned caravanserai, built long ago by Hadji-Ali-Khan. A large number of marble stones of different sizes have been detached from the mountain, which can be seen on the road. Near the caravanserai the stones appeared to us to have some particles of copper.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 257 ※ SOURCE for caravanserai « mutataſi poi la grandine in ne ve,e pioggia, fummo dall'empito del vento ſpinti all'ingiù del monte, ed in termine di altre tre ore arrivaffimo ad un Caravanserai, che ſtà a piedi di eſſo, dove non aven-do con che pagar il pedaggio, convenne all'Aleppino laſciare in pegno una ſua piſtola, la quale poi in Amadam fi riebbe, ſenza pagare coſa alcuna. [The hail then turned to snow and rain, and the force of the wind drove us down the mountain, and after another three hours we reached a caravanserai, which was on foot away. Not having the means to pay the toll, the Aleppino was forced to leave his pistol as a pledge, which he later got back in Amadam without paying anything.] » #3643 Leandro : di Santa Cecilia, Persia ovvero secondo viaggio di f. Leandro di Santa Cecilia carmelitano scalzo dell'oriente. Scritto dal medesimo,, nella stamperia di Angelo Rotilj nel palazzo de Massimi, Roma, 1757 ~ p. 22 ※ SOURCE for Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah « Near the foot of the hill we came to a small khan, called Karwansera Meear Kotel Sadawah, which had been erected by some humane individual, as a shelter for passengers. During the four winter months, this mountain is said to be impassable by caravans, from the snows with which it is covered; and it is asserted that not a season passes without the death of many shepherds and peasants from the cold alone. » #1185 Buckingham, J. S., Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, including a journey from Bagdad by Mount Zagros, to Hamadan, the ancient Ecbatana, researches in Ispahan and the ruins of Persepolis, and journey from thence by Shiraz and Shapoor to the sea-shore, Henry Colburn: Gregg International Publishers Limited, London: London, 1829:1971, ~ p. 160 ※ SOURCE for roofed caravanserai « Near the base of the mountain we passed a caravanserai: the centre was roofed in at the top, different from these buildings in general, and a very necessary protection against the severe cold in this mountainous region during the winter season. Bands of robbers have at different times occupied the building, and converted into a place of molestation to the traveller what had been built for his protection. » #3621 George Keppel, Personal Narrative of a Journey from India to England, Henry Colburn, London, 1827 ~ vol. 2 p. 90 ※ SOURCE for Taj Abad caravanserai «1668-046 Tāj Abād Iran (Islamic Republic of) N34 52 35.88 E48 13 14.62 0.28 ha 6.56 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Takdar Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.254987 long 56.660432 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tikdar کاروانسرای تیکدر VARIANT names: Takdar Caravanserai , Takhta Pul Post serai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.318845 long 65.959796 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Takhta Pul Post serai , ※ SOURCE for Takhta Pul Post serai « as well as the villages of Abdul Rahman and Muhammad Sadiq which are close to the serail » #3495 Adamec, Ludwig W, Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz, 1972 ~ vol. 5 p. 470 Talkh Ab-e Shirin : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Talkh Ab-e Shirin , Talkhab-e Shirin , تلخ آب شيرين , تلخاب شیرین , VARIANT names: Talkh Ab-e Shirin , ※ SOURCE for Talkh Ab-e Shirin approximate location of marker « Carv. » in {map#1141 Map to illustrate Baron Bode's route from Kazerun to Shushter, , 1841, #3039 Clement Augustus de Bode, Extracts from a Journal Kept While Travelling, in January, 1841, Through the Country of the Mamásení and Khógilú (Bakhtiyárí), Situated between Kázerún and Behbehan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1843 ~} [location next to « Talkh Ab-e Shirin » roughly estimated. no known caravaserai in this location according to the Caravanserais of Iran dataset provided by the EAMENA Project Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford online reference link. PBR] Tang Dalan : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Arch. Site Karawanenhaltepunkt Tang-e Dalan located 0.49 km heading 16° of these coordinates. NIMA/GNS names: Pas Par Dalan , Tang Dalan , Tang-e Dalan , تنگ دالان , VARIANT names: Carvansera Dalong , Carvansera Delangh , Dalaun , Par Par Dalan , Pas-Par-Dalan , S. Tang-Dolan , S. Tangtalan , S. Tanguedalan , Tang Dalan , Tangadoelon , Tang-e Dalan , Tangedelangh , Tangedelon , Tanggetelon , Tanghoedalou , Tanghy-Dolon , Tango Talan , Tangotalan , Tankadalone , Tanke Dalon , Tenghidalan , Tenghi-Daloûn , Tengi Dalun , Tengidahan , Tenguedélan , Tenquidalen , Yanikidalin , POSSIBLE LOCATION at Tang Dalan FOR Ourmangel (Newberry) [PBR], ※ SOURCE for Carvansera Dalong « 20 Nov 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 385 ※ SOURCE for Carvansera Delangh « 9 July 1645 » #3230 Dagh Register gehouden bij den oppercoopman Leonard Winninx ‘tsindert den 6 Julij anno 1645 dat uijt Gamron naer Spahan vertreckt, tot den 24e November, daeraen volgende, als wanneer in gemelte Gamron wederom gearriveert is." inventory number 1152 catalogue reference number 1.04.02, Nationaal Archief, Den Haag, ~ f. 360 ※ SOURCE for Dalaun « Ensuite, après six farsangs de marche, nous arrivâmes à Dalaun, petit village que Chardin appelle Tenk-Dalaun (Tenk serait-il une corruption de Kend, village?), qui a cinq ou six maisons et autant de cabanes, quelques cultures et de bonne eau. Dalaun doit son existence à une petite source qui sort du pied de la montagne. [Then, after six farsangs of walking, we arrived at Dalaun, a small village that Chardin calls Tenk-Dalaun (is Tenk a corruption of Kend, village?), which has five or six houses and as many huts, some crops and good water. Dalaun owes its existence to a small spring that emerges from the foot of the mountain.] » #3241 Aucher-Eloy, Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 à 1838. Part 2, 1843 ~ p. 532 ※ SOURCE for Par Par Dalan « Par Par Dalan » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Fin G-40B 1941} « KM 063 Pas Par Dalan (Wilson) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 « At 8¾ miles the large caravanserai of Pas Par Dälän is reached, and close by the ruins of older struc- tures. There is a small grove of date trees. A foot- path, guarded by a small watch tower, leads over the hills to the village of Dalan. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 32 ※ SOURCE for Pas-Par-Dalan « As we near the eastern mouth of the Tang, the sides of the gorge gradually decrease in height, till at 17 miles they merge in a vale, sparsely covered with grass, upon whiclr, on surmounting a short and gentle slope, we enter. At 17 miles 7 furlongs, the two delapidated caravanserais of Pas-Par-Dalan, with two cisterns, and a grove of date trees, are close to the south side of the road, and 400 yards to north of a low but steep and rocky range about 200 feet high, over which a path, for infantry only, leads to the village of Dalan, distant 600 yards or so from the southern foot of the low range. The road, for pack animals, from Pas-Par-Dalan to the latter village, passing round the eastern extremity of this range, is 4 miles 2 furlongs in length. Altitude of Pas-Par-Dalan above sea, 881 feet. The village of Dalan possesses a partly ruined caravanserai, and is surrounded by date groves. » #3208 Samuel Butcher, Persia 1888. From Rishir to Bunder Abbas, 1894 ~ p. 30 « At 8 miles the large caravansardi of Pās Par Dālān is reached, and close by the ruins of older structures. There is a small grove of date trees. A footpath, guarded by a small watch tower, leads over the hills to the village of Dalan. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ pp. 166-7 ※ SOURCE for S. Tang-Dolan « KM 063 S. Tang-Dolan (Herbert) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for S. Tangtalan « KM 063 S. Tangtalan (De Silva Figueroa) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for S. Tanguedalan « KM 063 S. Tanguedalan (Chardin) » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Tang Dalan « Persian text omitted. [They move from Jihun and go to Tang Dalan, it is three farsakhs and the road is straight. The road splits before reaching half a mile.] » #3228 Sadid al-Saltaneh, Mohammad'Ali Khan, Safarnameh-ye Sadid al-Saltaneh, Bihnashr, Tehran, 1883 ~ p. 580 ※ SOURCE for Tangadoelon « Den 12. dito vertrek zyn Ed: weder op 't vorige uur desnachts, trok voorby Tangadoelon, quam ontrent half negen in Goermoet, [On the 12th his Ed left: again at the previous hour at night, passed Tangadoelon, arrived at Goermoet about half past eight,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ vol. 5 p. 273 ※ SOURCE for Tang-e Dalan « [margin: 23] The next day, the 23rd, the caravan stopped at a caravanserai called Tang-e Dālān. The valley through which we were traveling narrowed there, the mountains being closer together.... All those who stop at this caravanserai of Tang-e Dālān use this aqueduct as an open and level road when they go to the villages that were founded on the plain for supplies, thanks to the same aqueduct » #2651 trans. and ed; Jeffrey S. Turley and George Bryan Souza, The Commentaries of D. García de Silva y Figueroa on his Embassy to Shah ʿAbbās I of Persia on Behalf of Philip III, King of Spain, Brill, Leiden, 2017, ~ p. 298-9 ※ SOURCE for Tangedelangh « quamen 's avonts met 'tligt van de maan door key en moeyelijke bergwegh ontrent ten thien uuren en ruym 6 mijlen verder in Tangedelangh) weder bij de caffila, welke om een uur naar middernagt voorts te gaan van de miiddag aff daar gerust had. [In the evening with the moonlight through a key and difficult mountain road around 10 o'clock and about 6 miles further in Tangedelangh) we arrived again at the caffila, which had rested there for an hour to midnight from noon onwards.] » #3226 Cornelis Janszoon Speelman Ed. A. Hotz, Journaal der reis van den gezant der O.I. Compagnie Joan Cunaeus naar perzië in 1651-1652, J. Müller, 1908 ~ p. 41 ※ SOURCE for Tangedelon « and afterwards with much Pain we measured six Miles more to Tangedelon (2), where we eased our selves at a Caravan Ser Raw near a Stream of living Water sweetly gliding through the middle of it, and wash’d the Dust off our sweaty Bodies, in a Tank contrived to make a pleasant Bath under the Roof of the Seraw. Tangedelon expresses in its Mothers Speech, A Strait Passage, which hits exactly with the following Munsel; fn. 2 “ The Tang-i-Dalan is a narrow gorge through which the Hajamal river flows” {Ibid. 157). “Next [after Cowrestan] to Tanghy-Dolon {i.e. a narrow way) praiseworthy in her Lodge or Carravans-raw, but especially in the sweet Crystallin water we found there” (Herbert, 125). “The distinction between Dahaneh and Teng, both Persian words applied to passes, is strictly as follows: Dahaneh is the span or pass lying between two hills ; Teng is a narrow defile between vertical walls of rock” (Curzon, i, 123 n.). » #1591 Fryer, John M. D., A New Account of East-India and Persia in eight letters being nine years travel (Edited, with notes and an introduction, by William Crooke), Hakluyt Society:Kraus Reprint, 1909:1967, 3 vols. ~ vol. 2 p. 189 ※ SOURCE for Tanggetelon « 15 The 15th daye we came to Tanggetelon [Tang-i-Dalan], a caravansero lying in a wildernesse.Here we picht, haueing traveled 5 long lges. of veri stonie waye, weh seemed to me as though itwere som times overflowne wth water. Here is good store of water but noght els for man or horse, but ther is a litle towne beioynd a hill lying by thls ca: a matter of a leauge off, wch is waterd wth the same water as comes from this caravan: » #3214 Stodart, Robert; introduction and notes by Sir. E. Denison Ross, The Journal of Robert Stodart: Being an account of his experiences as a member of Sir Dodmore Cotton's Mission in Persia in 1628-29. Published from the unique manuscript preserved in the Bodleian Library, Luzac and Co, 1935 ~ p. 84 ※ SOURCE for Tanghoedalou « On y mit la malade qui s'y trouva beaucoup plus à fon aife que dans la premiere, et nous arrivámes à 2. heures du matin au Caravanserai de Tanghoedalou, où nous trouvames Monficur Bakker inspecteur des magazins, dont on a déja parlé, le fecretaire et le maitre d'hôtel de Gamron, qui venoient à la rencontre de Monfieur Kastelein. [We put the patient there, who was much more at home than in the first, and we arrived at 2 a.m. at the Caravanserai of Tanghoedalou, where we found Monficur Bakker, inspector of stores, of whom we have already spoken, the secretary and the butler of Gamron, who came to meet Monfieur Kastelein.] » #3227 LeBrun, Corneille, Voyages de Corneille Le Brun par la Moscovie, en Perse, et aux Indes Orientales., Wetstein, Amsterdam, 1718 ~ p. 318 ※ SOURCE for Tanghy-Dolon « next, to Tanghy-Dolon (i. e. a narrow way) praifeworthy in her Lodge or Carravans-raw, but eſpecially in the ſweet Cryſtallin water wee found there. » #1608 Herbert, Thomas, Sir, Some Yeares Travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique. Describing especially the two famous Empires, the Persian, and great Mogull: weaved with the history of these later times ... With a revivall of the first discoverer of America. Revised and enlarged by the Author., Printed by R. Bip. for Jacob Blome and Richard Bishop, London, 1638, ~ p. 125 ※ SOURCE for Tango Talan « Otro dia, á 23, vino la carauana á parar al carauasar de Tango Talan, haziendose alli mas estrecho el valle por donde se caminaua, por estar los montes mas çercanos, á donde fue la primera vez que se uio correr agua de un arroyo salado, aunque traia tan poca que apenas mojauan los camellos los pies en ella, pero todo aquel llano pareçia cubierto de aquellas guijas redon- das que suele auer en los rrios. Auia junto á este ca- rauasar dos grandes cisternas con abundancia de buena agua; [Another day, on the 23rd, the carauana came to stop at the carauasar of Tango Talan, where the valley through which it was walking became narrower, because the mountains were closer, where it was the first time that water was heard flowing from a salty stream, although it had so little that the camels barely dipped their feet in it, but that entire plain seemed covered with those round pebbles that usually find in rivers. There were two large cisterns next to this carauasar with an abundance of good water;] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 1 pp. 282-3 ※ SOURCE for Tangotalan « Le lendemain 23. la Carauane s'arreſta à vn Carauanfera, nomme Tangotalan, dans vn lieu où la montagne fe ferrant de fort prés, étreffit le Valon, en forte qu'à peine ferme-t-elle vn chemin, où les chameaux puiffent paffer. [The next day, 23, the Carauane stopped at a Carauanfera, called Tangotalan, in a place where the mountain closing in very close, squeezes the Valon, so strong that it barely closes a path, where the camels can walk paffer.] » #3246 traduite de l'espagnol par Mr. de Wicqfort, L'ambassade de D. Garcias de Silva Figueroa en Perse, contenant la politique de ce grand Empire, les moeurs du roy schach Abbas et une relation exacte de tous les lieux de Perse et des Indes où cet ambassadeur a esté l'espace de huit années qu'il y a demeuré, Louis Billaine, Paris, 1667 ~ p. 60 ※ SOURCE for Tankadalone « 3 [March]. Sett out for Jehun, 7 farsangs, very bad stoney way. About 8 at night arrived at Tankadalone, 5 farsangs, a good caravensaroy with a Tank in the middle built in form of a cross, within side. Here lay till 4 in the morning; then sett out for Jehun, the other 2 farsangs. Arrived about 6 in the morning the 4th March. This is a good caraven. saroy tho small; a great distance from any village. note: Diary of 3 March 1707/8. Tankadalone. Tang-i-Dalan, a narrow gorge: Pers. tang, 'narrow,' and dalan, 'corri- dor,' here meaning a gorge. See Fryer, II, 189 and n. 2. Le Bruyn (II, 70-1) calls it Tang-boedalou and says that "A small canal passes through the Caravanserai, which is not very large, but extremely agreeable, and well-built: It is all of stone, and the water of the canal, which runs through it, flows from a little rivulet at a small distance from it. It has likewise the advantage of being sheltered from the hot winds." He does not mention the inn in the plain of Jehun, "a great distance from any village," where Scattergool halted. » #3248 Bernard P. Scattergood, Ed. Temple, Carnac Rihard, The Scattergoods and the East India Company, A Collection of Mss., Indian Antiquary, Bernard Quaritch, London, 1930 vol. LIX:pt DCCXXXVI-A:pp. 33-74 ~ pp. 44 and 49 ※ SOURCE for Tanke Dalon « Den 24. dito trokken wy voorby 3 Karrawanſera's, Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, en Sertang genaamd, hebbende elendige huis-velting. Onzen Sergeant, met den Opper-meelter voor uyt gereden zynde, vonden wy op de weg leggen, konnende wegens een zware koorts 't paard ryden niet verdragen. Wy namen ons verblyf tot Tanke Dalon, een tamelyke Karrawanſera, en twee huizingen, [On the 24th we passed by 3 Karrawanſeras, named Ahaſimaal, Bascomakoe, and Sertang, who had miserable house-felling. We found our Sergeant, who had ridden ahead with the Chief Master, lying on the road, unable to bear to ride the horse due to a severe fever. We took up our abode at Tanke Dalon, a fairly small Karrawanſera, and two houses,] » #2655 Francois Valentyn, Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien vervattende een naaukeurige en uitvoerige verhandelinge van Nederlands mogentheyd in die gewesten, benevens eene wydlustige beschryvinge der Moluccos ...,, Joannes van Braam, 1726, ~ bk. 2 p. 266 ※ SOURCE for Tenghidalan « Our way continued ſtill bad, till about ſeven of the Clock in the Morning, that we came to a Kervanferay, called Tenghidalan this Kervanſeray is covered as many others are, but it is much finer. It is a Square about eight Fathom; in the middle of each Face there is a great Arch, by which one enters into Vaults, which make and Croſs, as in the others, but they are higher, and it is not under thefe Vaults that Travellers Lodges for the Chambers are in the four Corners, about three Fathom (quare, two or three foot raiſed from the Ground, and open on the two fides within, where there are great Arches from the Floor up to the Vault; each Chamber harh its Chimuy, and other small conveniences: the Place in the middle is covered with a Dome, in which there is a great round opening in the top, » #1574 Thévenot, Jean de, The travels of Monsieur de Thévenot into the Levant : in three parts, viz. into I. Turkey, II. Persia, III. The East-Indies / newly done out of French., Printed by H. Clark for H. Faithorne [etc.], 1687 ~ pt. 2 p. 133 ※ SOURCE for Tenghi-Daloûn « Après avoir passé le lit d'un large torrent sans eau, on joint le hameau de Ten- ghi-Daloûn, où sont deux citernes en forme de berceau. L'eau qu'elles renferment est un peu saumâtre. Au milieu de ce hameau est une tour où des gardes veillent nuit et jour pour préserver les villageois de quelque attaque.Le 18, après avoir fait le tour d'une col- line, nous passons à gué un ruisseau salé, qui coule de droite à gauche. Peu après est un aquéduc à demi ruiné. [After crossing the bed of a large torrent without water, we reach the hamlet of Tenghi-Daloûn, where there are two cradle-shaped cisterns. The water they contain is a little brackish. In the middle of this hamlet is a tower where guards watch night and day to protect the villagers from any attack.On the 18th, after going around a hill, we ford a salty stream, which flows from right to left. Shortly after is a half-ruined aqueduct.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 pp. 426-7 ※ SOURCE for Tengi Dalun « den 24. Dez. zur Karawanserei Tengi Dalun (Tâng Dâlân) 6 Farsach. [on Dec. 24 zur Karawanserei Tengi Dalun (Tâng Dâlân) 6 Farsach.] » #3220 Engelbert Kaempfer, ed. Karl Meier-Lemgo, Die Reisetagebu¨cher, F. Steiner, Weisbaden, 1968 ~ p. 122 ※ SOURCE for Tengidahan « Dieser Platz zog die Aufmerksamkeit aller Reisenden auf sich, die unseren Weg nahmen, denn hier traf man nach dem Verlassen der Ebene von Bandar-e "Abbās zum ersten Mal auf-wenn auch schlecht schmeckendes fließendes Wasser. Thévenots Beschreibung der Anlage ist wert zitiert zu werden: Er gelangte zu einem Karvansarai, Tengidahan genannt. Der ist bedeckt wie viele andere, ist aber weit schöner. Er hat auf beiden Seiten in der Mitte ungefähr acht Klafter im Geviert.[This place attracted the attention of all travelers who took our route, for here, after leaving the plain of Bandar-e "Abbās, one encountered, for the first time, running water, albeit bad in taste. Thévenot's description of the place is worth quoting be: He came to a Karvansarai, called Tengidahan. It is covered like many others, but is far more beautiful. It has about eight fathoms squared in the middle on both sides.] » #3196 Heinz Gaube, Ein Abschnitt der ṣafavidischen Bandar-e 'Abbās: Širāz-Strasse: Die Strecke von Seyyed Gemāl ad-Din nach Lār, Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, London, 1979 Vol. 17:pp. 33-47 ~ p. 42 ※ SOURCE for Tenguedélan « Ma traite se termina à Tenguedélan (*), comme qui diroit défilé, ou passage étroit, où il y a deux caravanserais et des citernes. Ce lieu est entre deux montagnes fort hautes, qui ne sont éloignées que d'un quart de lieue l'une de l'autre. L'un des caravanserais a un bassin d'eau vive, qui coule au travers d'un canal de pierre; (*) Prononces Tenk dildun. Ces mots, dit Fryer, signifient dans leur langue maternelle, un passage étroit. Herbert donne la même interprétation; expembat cos mots devroient signifier caure étroits, affligis, et le nom du kiraviarly suivant, semble justifier ma conjecture, C. le Bruyn at Thivent s'accordent à faire une description charmante de ce kravénarity, à unes lequel passe uns petite rivière. (L) [My journey ended at Tenguedélan (*), as if one would say parade, or narrow passage, where there are two caravanserais and cisterns. This place is between two very high mountains, which are only a quarter of a league apart. One of the caravanserais has a pool of white water, which flows through a stone channel;(*) Pronounced Tenk dildun. These words, says Fryer, mean in their native language, a narrow passage. Herbert gives the same interpretation; expembat these words should mean narrow, afflicted caure, and the name of the following kiraviarly, seems to justify my conjecture, C. le Bruyn and Thivent agree in making a charming description of this kravénarity, through which a small river passes. (L)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 8 p. 493 « Le 23, au soir, je montai à cheval, foible et étourdi que j'étois, comme un homme prêt à tomber malade. Je fis ma traite, et arrivai à Tanguedelan (1); fn. 1 Tenk délâun, dont il a été fait mention ci-dessus, tom. VIII, pag. 493. (L-s.) [On the 23rd, in the evening, I mounted my horse, weak and dizzy as I was, like a man ready to fall ill. I did my trading, and arrived at Tanguedelan (1); fn. 1 Tenk délâun, mentioned above, tom. VIII, p. 493. (L-s.)] » #3213 Sir John Chardin, ed. Louis Langlès, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l’Orient, Nouvelle édition, Le Normant, Imprimeur-Libraire, Paris, 1811 ~ vol. 9 p. 79 ※ SOURCE for Tenquidalen « j'arrivai à un carvansera neuf appelé Tenquidalen. Il y a au milieu un petit bassin d'eau vive formé par un ruisseau qui vient de la montagne, et comme il y a un vallon et un torrent entre deux, on fait passer cette eau par un canal sous le torrent, [I arrived at a new carvansera called Tenquidalen. In the middle there is a small pool of living water formed by a stream that comes from the mountain, and as there is a valley and a torrent between two, this water is passed through a channel under the torrent,] » #3144 Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Pascal Pia, Voyages en Perse et description de ce royaume par Jean-Babtiste Tavernier Marchand Francais, E´d. du Carrefour, Paris, 1930 ~ p. 322 ※ SOURCE for Yanikidalin « (31) Yanikidalin [? sic-- 6 farsakhs. » #1570 A Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia, and the Papal Mission of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939, 2 vol. ~ vol. 1 p. 219 Tang e Bastak caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approximately external 16.5x16.5m internal courtyard 10x10m barrel roof 3.5m wide all 4 sides located on Bastak-Lar Rd next to Bastak-Bandar Abbas Rd junction to east VARIANT names: Bastak carav. north of pass , Kleinkaravanserail nördlich des Passes von Bastak , Tang e Bastak caravanserai , Typ Senakhet km 115 (Pohanka) , ※ SOURCE for Bastak carav. north of pass « Bastak carav. north of pass, Hormozgan 1986 - General view of the caravanserai and entrance » photographs online reference link [accessed 19 Nov 2024] ※ SOURCE for Kleinkaravanserail nördlich des Passes von Bastak « Kleinkaravanserail nördlich des Passes von Bastak (Abb. 8; 245) (125)Lage: 2 km nördlich des Passes von Bastak, 5 km südwestlich des nächsten Kleinkaravanserails (nicht ver-messen), in +470 m ü. N.N., an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Kleines Hofkaravanserail mit fünf tonnengewölb-ten Räumen und einem Eingangsraum mit Spiegelgewölbe. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 16,70 × 16,70 m, Hofab-messungen 9,50 × 9,30 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch, 17. Jahrhundert.Neben dem Hofkaravanserail steht ein Einraum-Ge-bäude mit hervorgehobenem Eingang (Abb. 246).Abmessungen: Außenmaße 10,70 × 3 m, Gebäudehöhe 2,40 m.Baumaterial: Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Safavidisch oder qadjarisch. fn 125 Die Station wurde am 14.3.1986 aufgenommen. [Small caravanserail north of the Bastak Pass (Fig. 8; 245) (125)Location: 2 km north of the Bastak Pass, 5 km southwest of the nearest small caravanserail (not surveyed), at 470 m above sea level, on the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Small courtyard caravanserail with five barrel-vaulted rooms and an entrance hall with a mirror vault.Dimensions: Exterior dimensions 16.70 × 16.70 m, courtyard dimensions 9.50 × 9.30 m, building height 3.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid, 17th century.Next to the courtyard caravanserail stands a single-room building with a prominent entrance (Fig. 246).Dimensions: External dimensions 10.70 × 3 m, building height 2.40 m.Building material: Rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Well preserved.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Safavid or Qajar.fn 125 The station was recorded on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 133 ※ SOURCE for Tang e Bastak caravanserai online reference link [accessed 02 Jul 2024] « Teng Bastak Caravanserai belongs to the Safavid - Qajar period and is located in Bastak city, central sector, Fatuyeh district, and this work was registered as one of Iran's national works on 27th of Bahman 2002 with registration number 10926. » online reference link [accessed 02 Jul 2024] ※ SOURCE for Typ Senakhet km 115 (Pohanka) « An der safavidischen Straße über den Garda- neh-e Burkah, die noch einige der von Gemel- li-Carreri erwähnten Stützmauern erkennen läßt, stehen bei km 115 und km 121 im freien Gelände weitere Bauten vom Typ Senakhet, [On the Safavid road over the Garda-neh-e Burkah, which still shows some of the retaining walls mentioned by Gemelli-Carreri, there are further buildings of the Senakhet type in the open area at km 115 and km 121.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 308 Tangu : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none visually placed the coordinate: lat 26.940894 long 54.590329 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: possible location of Karvanſerà di Tangù. 2 covered cisterns, diameter 12m and 14m, and one open cistern, diameter 9m. also rectangular cisterns VARIANT names: Barkahdin , Barkamdin , Birkehdin , Chiaburchia , Deen C. , Din , Tangu , ※ SOURCE for Barkahdin « Barkahdin » #3334 Routes in Asia: Routes in Persia and Balochistan, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, 1878 ~ p. 343 ※ SOURCE for Barkamdin « Barkamdin » #3461 India. Quarter Master General's Department. Intelligence Branch, Routes in Persia, Government Central Branch Press, Simla, 1887 ~ p. 327 ※ SOURCE for Birkehdin « BIRKEHDIN-A village in Läristän, 30 miles from Lingeh and 85 miles from Lär. There is a caravanserai near this. It is situated in a desert, and there are no supplies; the only water is from reservoirs. (Jones-Pelly.) » #3545 Gazetteer of Persia vol. III. IOR/L/MIL/17/15/2/2, Government Monotype Press, India, 1910 ~ p. 164 ※ SOURCE for Chiaburchia « Usually I would go ahead of the others with my chapar and then stop to wait for them at some cistern. This was quite a relief for me, for in this way I could take rests several times a day. That time I stopped at a place called Chahar Cheshmah, which means "four fountains. (6) There were, in fact, four cisterns of rather fresh water there. fn. 6 Bembo's "Chiaburchia." » #3299 trans. Clara Bargellini ed. Anthony Welch Ambrosio Bembo, The Travels and Journal of Ambrosio Bembo, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2007 ~ p. 291 ※ SOURCE for Deen C. « The one, 5-421. Foad enters a winding nullah between high perpendicular banks. Then over a bit of At 11 miles cross a stream, water salty, a little grass and other vegetation about. Then ascend gently towards a caravanserai, which is passed at 11 miles, then over a gently rising open piece of ground. At 11 miles commence a descent, and cross a deep nullah, then over broken ground amongst water-courses until 12 miles, when the road ascends steeply out of it. At 13 miles arrive at the caravanserai of Deen. Time, 6 hours. At 6 P.M. temperature 59°. Road impassable to field guns. The caravanserai is situated on open ground sufficient to encamp two regiments infantry. Water is obtained from a bourkah, and from some pools in the ravine below. » #3269 H. B. Vaughan, Report of a journey through Persia., Superintendent of Government Printing in Calcutta, 1890 ~ pp. 4-5 ※ SOURCE for Din in google maps کافه دین ※ SOURCE for Tangu « Per peſſime valli, e monti camminammo il Martedì 12. e dopo venti miglia fatte in 9. ore, reſtammo in campagna, mezzo miglio lontano dal Karvanſerà di Tangù, ſapendo che ivi le ciſterne erano vuote d'acqua. Auriamo potuto reſtare a mezza ſtrada nel Karvanſerà di Hodun. din, dove era acqua ; però non avriamo fatta una giornata giuſta, e noi non avevamo tanto tempo da perdere. Non fu punto migliore la ſtrada del [We walked through many valleys and mountains on Tuesday the 12th and after twenty miles covered in 9 hours, we remained in the countryside, half a mile away from the Karvanſerà of Tangù, knowing that the cisterns there were empty of water. We hope we were able to stay half way in Hodun's Karvanſera. din, where there was water ; but we didn't have a good day, and we didn't have much time to waste. The road was no better] » #3239 Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri, Giro del mondo, del dottor D. Gio. Francesco Gemelli Careri.., stamp. di G. Roselli, Napoli, 1699 ~ pt. 2 p. 276 Tangun C. : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: about 10x10m with plan similar to the Pavillon-Karavanserail style in the area.could be Kleiss Pavillon-Karavanserail östlich von Lar (Abb. 5; 253) 178 but discounted because of "Next to the pavilion caravanserai are two round dome cisterns with a diameter of 7.70 m and 6 m and a height of 5.10 m and 4 m respectively (Fig. 254)." with only one cistern to the north of the caravanserai. #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ pp. 136-8 VARIANT names: Tangun C. , Tangun S. , Tenghenow , ※ SOURCE for Tangun C. « . The so-called Tang-i-Nüh is now entered; it is in reality the narrowest portion of the valley, which is intersected by ravines at this point, but otherwise scarcely deserves its name. The road now crosses the watershed, and enters the plain of Lar. The road as far as Tangun is stony, but afterwards devoid of stones. At 11 miles the ruined caravansarai of Tangun is passed; water from one cistern; grazing good; fuel scanty; supplies nil. » #3080 Simla Drawing Office, General Staff, India, Mobilisation Routes In Persia (Vol. IV, Part II) (Fars, Laristan, Kerman And Yazd) British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/12/10, in Qatar Digital Library, ~ p. 171 ※ SOURCE for Tangun S. « Tangun Sarai (in ruins)» in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Lar G-40A 1942} ※ SOURCE for Tenghenow « De l'autre côté on aperçoit les ruines du village de Tenghenow. Après avoir passé sur un pont de terre une cau salée qui coule de gauche à droite, nous marchons le long d'un canal souterrain. Deux cents toises au-delà est un cara- vansérail en très-bon état, près duquel sont un puits et une citerne. [On the other side we see the ruins of the village of Tenghenow. After crossing a land bridge over a salty stream which flows from left to right, we walk along an underground canal. Two hundred fathoms beyond is a caravanserai in very good condition, near which are a well and a cistern.] » #3179 Adrien Dupré, Voyage en Perse, fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la Natolie et la Mésopotamie, 1819 ~ vol. 1 p. 432 Tarihi Igdir Kervansarayi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 39.836826 long 43.839243 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Tarihi Igdir Kervansarayi , Tarlab Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.55301 long 50.635913 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: daekkodeh gardashgari ve karvansaraye tarlab دهکده گردشگری و کاروانسرای طرلاب VARIANT names: Karavanserail Talab , Tarlab Caravansary , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Talab « Karavanserail Talab (Taf. 10,1 und 10,2) an der Straße von Qom nach Arak (Abb. 3 und 38) (30)Lage: Das Karavanserail Talab steht 20 km südwestlich von Qom am direkten Weg nach Arak und weiter nach Bo-rudjerd und Khuzestan, in + 1160 m ü.N.N.Das Lehmkaravanserail bei Talab steht 25 km südwest-lich von Qom am direkten Weg nach Arak, in + 1220 m ü.Ν.Ν.Typ: Das Karavanserail Talab besteht aus einem Kernbau und einem Anbau (Abb. 58). Der Kernbau ist ein Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanem und Spuren eines vierseitigen Hofumganges. fn 30 Das Karavanserail Talab wurde am 5. 4. 1978 und das nahegelegene Lehm-Karavanserail Talab am 10. 4. 1978 vermessen. [Talab Caravanserail (Plates 10.1 and 10.2) on the road from Qom to Arak (Figs. 3 and 38) (30)Location: The Talab Caravanserail is located 20 km southwest of Qom on the direct route to Arak and onward to Bo-rudjerd and Khuzestan, at an elevation of 1160 m above sea level.The mud-brick caravanserail near Talab is located 25 km southwest of Qom on the direct route to Arak, at an elevation of 1220 m above sea level.Type: The Talab Caravanserail consists of a main building and an extension (Fig. 58). The main building is a courtyard caravanserail with four iwanems and traces of a four-sided courtyard.fn 30 The Talab caravanserail was surveyed on 5 April 1978 and the nearby clay caravanserail Talab on 10 April 1978.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 39 Tavakol Abad Khosho Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: Tavakol Abad Khosho Caravanserai کاروانسرای توکل آباد خشکو VARIANT names: caravanserai ruin , Caravanserai/Khan - 0207503 , Tavakol Abad Khosho Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for caravanserai ruin « caravanserai ruin » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. Hindijan H-39H 1943} « We started as early as we could for the march to Ra’in was to be a long one. We lunched under an old ruined mud arch of some departed caravanserai close to a small newer one with the same mud walle and funny wee domes » #3296 Emily Overend Lorimer, letter 'En route from Bandar Abbas to Kerman. The Village of Kishku', British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, 1912-13 ~ p. 25 ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207503 EAMENA-0207503 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] Tavakoli Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.318368 long 47.072109 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Tavakoli Caravansary , The Potters Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.288029 long 57.077976 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye kozehgaran کاروانسرای کوزه?گران VARIANT names: The Potters Caravanserai , Tinuj Caravansary : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.549648 long 50.288448 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Karavanserail Tinudj , Tinuj Caravansary , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Tinudj « Karavanserail Tinudj (Taf. 11,4) am Weg von Qom über Tafresh nach Hamadan und von Qom über Ashtiyan nach Malayer, ebenfalls an der Direktroute von Qom über Hamadan und Kermanshah nach Baghdad und Kerbela (Abb. 3 und 67)34Lage: Das Karavanserail, heute vom Dorf umbaut, steht nahe einer dreibogigen Brücke, etwa 23 km westlich des Ka-ravanserails Alagoli, in + 1700 m ü. N.N. [Caravanserai Tinudj (Plate 11.4) on the route from Qom via Tafresh to Hamadan and from Qom via Ashtiyan to Malayer, also on the direct route from Qom via Hamadan and Kermanshah to Baghdad and Karbala (Figs. 3 and 67) Location: The caravanserai, now surrounded by the village, stands near a three-arched bridge, about 23 km west of the Alagoli caravanserai, at an elevation of 1700 m above sea level.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 46 Tirpul caravanserai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) Supplement: coordinates given VARIANT names: Rabat-i-Tirpul , Tirpul caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Rabat-i-Tirpul « Tirpul is one of the most striking bits of scenery we have come across, with its huge rambling tumble-down caravanserai (Rabat-i-Tirpul), with great domed chambers and courtyards half choked with heaps of brick and mortar; its bridge of five or six arches, built of burnt bricks a foot square, resting on pillars of stone-work, and paved with broad stone slabs; the still dark-green waters of the deep pools below; above, some islets covered with long waving grasses and rushes and stunted poplars, amid which the stream winds with swifter flow; and towering above the bridge, on a spur overhanging the left bank, an isolated brick loophooled tower, -the whole, viewed from the bridge, presenting an impressive coup d'œil. » #3700 Tate, A. C., Travels with the Afghan Boundary Commission, William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh ; London, 1888 ~ p. 49 ※ SOURCE for Tirpul caravanserai « 1196. TIRPUL Original: Lat. 34º 36’ N, long. 61º 16’ E. Map 51. Revised: 34.59564268 N, 61.26161358 E / 34º 35’ 44.31363576 N, 61º 15’ 41.80890276 E. Herat Province. On the Hari Rūd 95 km downstream from Herat, just to the east of where the modern Herat-Mashhad road crosses the river. Date: ?Timurid, 15th–16th cent. (architectural). Description: Remains of a caravanserai and a stone baked brick bridge, of six arches. It is 180 m long with a parapet 60 cm high above a flagstoned roadway. Fieldwork: 1. 1884 Peacocke Maitland, ABC—topographical survey. 2. 1979 AIA—preservation. Sources: 1. Holdich 1885a: 277–8—brief description. 2. Peacocke 1885a: 46—detailed description. 3. Peacocke 1887a: 59—description of bridge. 4. A. C. Yate 1887: 149–50—brief description. 5. Maitland 1888a: 137—brief description of bridge; 275—mentions rabat. 6. Gazetteer 1975: III. 425—brief description. 7. Kabul Times 1979a—mentions repair work. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 394 Titi Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.044823 long 49.90217 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye ti ti کاروانسرای تی تی VARIANT names: Karavanserail Titi , Titi Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Titi « Lage:16km südlich von Lahidjan, an der Strecke von Langarud an der Kaspi durch das Gebirge nach Qazvin, in +320 m ü. N.N. und 31 km nördlich von Deylaman. Abmessungen: Außenmaße 30 x 29 m, Hofmaße 19,80 × 18,80 m. Höhe der Portalumrahmung 5 m (Abb.80). [Location: 16 km south of Lahidjan, on the road from Langarud on the Caspian River through the mountains to Qazvin, at an elevation of 320 m above sea level and 31 km north of Deylaman. Dimensions: External dimensions 30 x 29 m, courtyard dimensions 19.80 × 18.80 m. Height of the portal frame 5 m (Fig. 80).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 52 ※ SOURCE for Titi Caravanserai «1668-038 Titi Iran (Islamic Republic of) N37 2 41.19 E49 54 8.05 0.11 ha 12.29 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Torbat-e Jam Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.239881 long 60.624106 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat tarikhi tarbat jam رباط تاریخی تربت جام VARIANT names: Torbat-e Djam (Torbat-e Sheikh Djam) , Torbat-e Jam Caravanserai , Turbat-i-Shaikh Jam caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Torbat-e Djam (Torbat-e Sheikh Djam) « Torbat-e Djam (Torbat-e Sheikh Djam) » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 46 ※ SOURCE for Turbat-i-Shaikh Jam caravanserai « A caravanserai exists outside the village. Turbat-i-Shaikh Jam was formerly of much importance, but in 1825 it was plundered by Allah Quli Khan of Khiva. It was subsequently owned by the late Nusrat-ul-Mulk and passed by purchase to the Shaukat-ud-Dauleh, the present chief of the Timüris, a share being reserved for the shrine. » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ pp. 720-1 Toroq Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.366066 long 51.814956 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: external dimensionsv42x34 m internal 28x21 m VARIANT names: Toroq Caravanserai , Tout Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.54119 long 54.41917 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye tout کاروانسرای توت VARIANT names: Tout Caravanserai , Turshaikh : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none, coordinates given coordinate: lat 35.38614263 long 62.97955034 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Turshaikh , ※ SOURCE for Turshaikh « 2273. TURSHAIKH Original: Lat. 35º 240 N, long. 62º 570 E. Map 44. Revised: 35.38614263 N, 62.97955034 E / 35º 230 10.11345468 N, 62º 580 46.38123876 E. Herat Province. On the Ab-i Garm north-east of Kushk just before the Turkmenistan border Description: Ruins of a large, old baked brick caravanserai with a domed cistern and ruined village. Fieldwork: 1886 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Source: Peacocke 1887a: 268—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 452 Tutachi or Wal'a-i Kizil Kul : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Tutachi or Wal'a-i Kizil Kul , ※ SOURCE for Tutachi or Wal'a-i Kizil Kul « 2274. TUTACHI Or WAL’A-I KIZIL KUL. Original: Lat. 35º 000 N, long. 61º 550 E. Maps 42, 43. Revised: 35.00782276 N, 61.94244991 E / 35º 000 28.16192304 N, 61º 560 32.81968968 E. Herat Province. A village south-east of Gulrān. Description: Ruins of an old fort or caravanserai. Fieldwork: 1885 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Peacocke 1887a: 176—mention. 2. Peacocke 1887b: 451—mention. 3. Maitland and Drummond 1888: 52—mention » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 452 Typ Senakhet km 80 (Pohanka) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: approximately 16x16m external. 9x9m internal courtyard. VARIANT names: Karavanserails 4 km westlich von Anveh , Typ Senakhet km 80 (Pohanka) , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserails 4 km westlich von Anveh « Karavanserails 4 km westlich von Anveh (Taf. 28,3) (Abb. 8; 251) 131Lage: 4 km westlich von Anveh, in + 490 m ü. N. N an der Straße von Bandar-e Langeh nach Lar.Typ: Beide Bauten sind Hofkaravanserails mit jewei fünf tonnengewölbten Räumen und je einem Eingangs raum.Abmessungen: Bau 1: Außenmaße 21,50 × 21,501 Hofabmessungen 14,40 × 14,10 m, Gebäudehöhe 3 m (Ab 251).Bau 2: Außenmaße 16,70 x 16m, Hofabmessunge 8,90 × 8,30 m, Gebäudehöhe 3,40 m (Abb. 252).Baumaterial: Bei beiden Bauten Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Partiell verfal-len und eingestürzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Wahrscheinlich beide Bauten in safavidi-scher Zeit erbaut.fn 131 Die Bauten 4 km westlich von Anveh wurden am 14.3.1986 vermes-sen. [Caravanserails 4 km west of Anveh (Plate 28.3) (Fig. 8; 251) 131Location: 4 km west of Anveh, at an elevation of 490 m above sea level. North of the road from Bandar-e Langeh to Lar.Type: Both structures are courtyard caravanserails, each with five barrel-vaulted rooms and an entrance hall.Dimensions: Building 1: External dimensions 21.50 × 21.50 m, courtyard dimensions 14.40 × 14.10 m, building height 3 m (Fig. 251).Building 2: External dimensions 16.70 × 16 m, courtyard dimensions 8.90 × 8.30 m, building height 3.40 m (Fig. 252).Building material: Both structures are constructed of rubble stone.Structural features and condition: Partially dilapidated and collapsed.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Probably both structures were built during the Safavid period.fn 131 The structures 4 km west of Anveh were surveyed on March 14, 1986.] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 137 ※ SOURCE for Typ Senakhet km 80 (Pohanka) « Weitere Bauten vom Typ Senakhet finden sich isoliert stehend bei km 62 nahe dem seit dem Mittelalter durch seine Schwefelquellen be- kannten Ort Fathura, bei km 68, km 72 und in Anweh bei km 80. Anweh dürfte das von Ge- melli-Carreri beschriebene Anoe" sein, das von ihm erwähnte Karavanserail hat sich nicht erhalten, ebenso wie ein von Hedges genann- tes in Sheikh Hozur bei km 103 (56). Zwischen Anweh und Sheikh Hozur liegen noch zwei weitere Karavanserails vom Typ Senakhet im Ort Lar-Deh-Maya und isoliert stehend bei km 101. [Other buildings of the Senakhet type can be found standing in isolation at km 62 near the town of Fathura, which has been known since the Middle Ages for its sulphur springs, at km 68, km 72 and in Anweh at km 80. Anweh is probably the "Anoe" described by Gemelli-Carreri; the caravanserai mentioned by him has not survived, nor has one mentioned by Hedges in Sheikh Hozur at km 103 (56). Between Anweh and Sheikh Hozur there are two other caravanserai of the Senakhet type in the town of Lar-Deh-Maya and standing in isolation at km 101.] » #3240 Pohanka, R, Karawanenwege und Karavanserails in Laristan: Die Strassenabschnitte Lar-Djahrom, Lar-Khundj and Lar-Bastak., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 1984 vol. 17:pp. 285-308 ~ p. 302 « At 2½ miles the stony dry bed of a river is crossed at a point where its stream flows underground; the banks are slight and easy. At 2¾miles a caravanserai and a cistern are passed on the left of the road. At 3½ miles a cistern. The road now passes under a ridge about three hundred feet high on its left, and the hills on the right approach. » #3113 Routes in Persia. vol. III, part I., Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1918 ~ p. 61 Vakil ?Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan - 0207218 , Ganjali Khan caravanserai , Vakil ?Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan - 0207218 EAMENA-0207218 C./Khan - Islamic (Iran) - Kerman online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Ganjali Khan caravanserai «1668-033 Ganjali Khān Iran (Islamic Republic of) N30 17 27.44 E57 4 44.17 0.38 ha 7.27 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Vakil ?Caravanserai « karvansaraye vakil کاروانسرای وکیل » Vakil Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 30.291419 long 57.080706 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye vakil کاروانسرای وکیل VARIANT names: Vakil Caravanserai , Vardeh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.258136 long 50.27036 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye vardeh کاروانسرای ورده VARIANT names: caravasar , Carawansera , Dangue caravanserai , Denghe caravanserai , Karavanserail Donk , Vardeh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for caravasar « A 10, quando queria anocheçer salio el Enbaxador de Saba, y por no ser buen camino gastó toda la noche hasta que fue de dia en caminar çinco grandes leguas, y en llegar á Dung, que no es más de un caravasar, aunque grande, muy viejo y en partes arruinado, [At 10 o'clock, when night was falling, the Ambassador of Saba set out, and because the road was not good, he spent the whole night until daybreak walking five great leagues, and arrived at Dung, which is nothing more than a caravanserai, although large, very old and in parts ruined,] » #3245 García de Silva y Figueroa, Manuel Serrano y Sanz, Comentarios De D. Garcia De Silva Y Figueroa De La Embajada Que De Parte Del Rey De España Don Felipe III Hizo Al Rey Xa Abas De Persia, La Spciedad de Bibliofilos Espanoles, Madrid, 1905 ~ vol. 5 p. 78 ※ SOURCE for Carawansera « On the 20 we had a very pleasant days Journey through a delightfull Landship; very close inhabited and full of Villages and Hamlets coming at night to a Carawansera, where we took up our Lodging for that night, » #3675 John Struys, trans. John Morrison, The Perillous and Most Unhappy Voyages of John Struys; through Italy, Greece, … Media, Persia, …, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia, London, 1683 ~ p. 307 ※ SOURCE for Dangue caravanserai La plaine où nous paſſâmes le cinquiéme aprés minuit paroif-foit affez fertile, et le chemin auroit été affez beau s'il n'avoit pas été couvert de neiges. Un Caravanſerail affez beau tient au Village nommé Dangue; dans ce Village et dans deux ou trois qui font proches de là, nous eûmes d'aſſez bon vin à bon marché. [The plain where we passed on the fifth day after midnight seemed quite fertile, and the road would have been quite good if it hadn't been covered with snow. A rather fine caravanserai is attached to the village called Dangue; in this village and in two or three others nearby, we had some fairly good wine at a good price.] ※ SOURCE for Denghe caravanserai « et quatre heures plus loin onar-rive au Carvanſera de Denghe où ſe joignent les deux rou-ces, et dont j'ay parlé au chapitre precedent. [and four hours further on we arrive at the Carvanſera of Denghe where the two roads join, and which I spoke of in the previous chapter.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 66 ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Donk « Abmessungen: 55 × 50,50 m Außenmaße (ohne Turm-vorsprünge), 33,50 × 31m Hofabmessungen, Kuppelspann-weite 5,50 m und Höhe der Eingangsfront 7,50 m (Abb. 20). [Dimensions: 55 × 50.50 m external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 33.50 × 31 m courtyard dimensions, dome span 5.50 m, and entrance facade height 7.50 m (Fig. 20).] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 20 Varzaneh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.417141 long 52.650958 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye varzaneh کاروانسرای ورزنه VARIANT names: Karavanserail Varzaneh , Varzaneh Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Varzaneh « Karavanserail Varzaneh (Abb. 12)Lage: Im Ort Varzaneh, auf dem Südufer des Zayandeh Rud, nahe einer safavidischen 10-Bogen-Ziegelbrücke über Hen Fluß, in +1460 m ü.N.N., am Karawanenweg von Esfa nan nach Yazd, der hier wieder auf das Nordufer des Zayan-Leh Rud wechselt. Die safavidische Brücke liegt neben den feilerresten einer älteren, in Bruchsteinen errichteten Brük e. Varzaneh ist der letzte Brückenschlag über den Fluß vor -inem Versickern im Salzsee (Abb. 12). Das Karavanserail ist safavidischer Zeit in gebrannten Ziegeln errichtet, neben mer Moschee mit altem, seldschukischem Minarettstumpf. as Karavanserail ist gut erhalten, wird als Magazin genutzt d ist nicht zugänglich, nicht vermessen. [Varzaneh Caravanserai (Fig. 12) Location: In the village of Varzaneh, on the south bank of the Zayandeh Rud, near a Safavid 10-arch brick bridge over the Hen River, at an elevation of 1460 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Esfanan to Yazd, which here rejoins the north bank of the Zayandeh Rud. The Safavid bridge lies next to the remains of an older bridge built of rubble stone. Varzaneh is the last bridge across the river before it disappears into the salt lake (Fig. 12). The caravanserai, built in Safavid times of fired bricks, stands next to a mosque with an old Seljuk minaret stump. The caravanserail is well preserved, is used as a warehouse, and is not accessible or surveyed.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 130 ※ SOURCE for Varzaneh Caravanserai « It contains a caravanserai and an ancient mosque built of burnt brick and handsomely ornamented with tiles. Close by is a lofty minar. There are several pigeon towers in the vicinity, and the country there and on the right bank of the river is highly cultivated, and dotted with villages and gardens. » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 640 Yakhchal sarai : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.766862 long 64.734571 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Yakhchal sarai , ※ SOURCE for Yakhchal sarai « Yakhchal sarai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Afghanistan:, , , David Rumsey Map Collection fig. Farah I-41 U 1942} Yal'abad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.95112 long 50.304716 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye yol abad کاروانسرای یل آباد VARIANT names: Karavanserail Qardin , Yal'abad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Qardin « Karavanserail Qardin (Taf. 7,1 und 7,2) an der Route von Saveh nach Hamadan (Abb. 3 und 44) (22)Lage: Das Karavanserail steht 10 km südwestlich von Saveh in + 940 m ü.N.N. in der Flußebene, am Weg zum Sadd-e Shah Abbas, über den die Route nach Hamadan führt.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit drei Iwanen, auf der südli-chen, vierten Seite ein Laubengang. Vier Ecktürme. Durch Umbau im Südosten erheblich verändert.Abmessungen: 65 × 65 m ursprüngliche Außenmaße (ohne Turmvorsprünge), 51,50 × 46 m Hofabmessungen. Fünf voneinander abgetrennte Stallbereiche verschiedener Längen und Breiten. Über dem Eingang ein Vierpfeilerauf-bau von 9 × 7,50 m Länge (Abb. 45).fn 22 Das Karavanserail wurde am 17. 5. 1983 vermessen. [Qardin Caravanserail (Plates 7.1 and 7.2) on the route from Saveh to Hamadan (Figs. 3 and 44) ??(22)Location: The caravanserail is located 10 km southwest of Saveh at an elevation of 940 m above sea level in the river plain, on the road to the Sadd-e Shah Abbas, which forms part of the route to Hamadan.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with three iwans, and a covered walkway on the southern, fourth side. Four corner towers. Significantly altered by reconstruction in the southeast.Dimensions: 65 × 65 m original external dimensions (excluding tower projections), 51.50 × 46 m courtyard dimensions. Five separate stable areas of varying lengths and widths. Above the entrance is a four-pillar structure measuring 9 × 7.50 m (Fig. 45). fn 22 The caravanserail was surveyed on 17 May 1983.] » #3473 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1997 Band 3:Teil 2: ~ p. 32 Yanix Karvansaray ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 38.021035 long 47.894951 † basis (located in google earth or maps and no other reference) Supplement: no details available and none found in google maps VARIANT names: Yanix Karvansaray ? , Yaqmish Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 32.35984 long 53.114146 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat yaghmish رباط یاغمیش VARIANT names: Karavanserail Yek Mish , Yaqmish Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Yek Mish « Karavanserail Yek Mish (Yekmish) (Taf. 3,1-3) (Abb. 4; 34)Lage: Etwa 75 km südöstlich von Kuhpayeh (Provinz Esfahan), 12 km östlich der Provinzgrenze Esfahan/Yazd, rund 42 km nordwestlich von Narestan, an der Karawanen-route (keine moderne Straße) von Esfahan über Kuhpayeh nach Yazd und über Ardakan nach Tabas und Mashhad, in + 1570 m ü. N. Ν.Typ: Stark befestigtes Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwa-nen, vier Stallabteilungen, runden Eck- und Courtinentür-men und vorgezogenem Portalbau.Abmessungen: Außenmaße ohne Vorsprünge 37,50×33,80 m, Hofabmessungen 20,50 × 12,80 m, Höhe der Hof-fassaden 4,60 m und 8,50 m (Iwane), Außenhöhe 7,80 m (Abb. 35). [Caravanserail Yek Mish (Yekmish) (Plate 3.1-3) (Figs. 4; 34) Location: Approximately 75 km southeast of Kuhpayeh (Isfahan Province), 12 km east of the Isfahan/Yazd provincial border, about 42 km northwest of Narestan, on the caravan route (no modern road) from Isfahan via Kuhpayeh to Yazd and via Ardakan to Tabas and Mashhad, at an elevation of 1570 m above sea level. Type: Heavily fortified courtyard caravanserail with four iwans, four stable sections, round corner and curtain towers, and a projecting portal. Dimensions: External dimensions without projections 37.50 × 33.80 m, courtyard dimensions 20.50 × 12.80 m, height of the courtyard facades 4.60 m and 8.50 m (Iwane), external height 7.80 m (Fig. 35).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 31 Yaqoob Yari Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.8010856815959 long 48.5121894407755 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Yaqoob Yari Caravanserai , Yarik Sardaba : arch. site AFG (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.1232275 long 66.51994421 VARIANT names: Yarik Sardaba , ※ SOURCE for Yarik Sardaba « 1242. YARIK SARDABA Original: Lat. 37º 07’ N, long. 66º 31’ E. Maps 25, 26. Revised:37.1232275N,66.51994421E/37º07’23.61900612N, 66º 31’ 11.79914700 E. Balkh Province. 53 km north-west of Balkh on the road to Kilift, north of the Dashli Oasis. Description: A mound covered in baked bricks, marking the site of an old caravanserai and cistern. Fieldwork: 1886 Peacocke, ABC—topographical survey. Sources: 1. Peacocke 1887a: 318—mention. 2. Gazetteer 1979: IV. 598—mention. » #3512 Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2019 ~ p. 406 Yazd Moshir Caravanserai Hotel : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.897071 long 54.361707 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: cpehtel karvansaraye moshir هتل کاروانسرای مشیر VARIANT names: Yazd Moshir Caravanserai Hotel , Yazdan serai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.506967 long 60.896557 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Yazdan serai , ※ SOURCE for Yazdan serai « Yazdan serai » in {map#1135 U.S. Army Map Series K501: Iraq and Iran:, , , The University of Chicago fig. I-41M Shahrukh} Yengi Emam Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.936293 long 50.719631 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye yangi emam کاروانسرای ینگی امام VARIANT names: Karavanserail Yengi Emam/Yengi Emami , Yengi Emam Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Yengi Emam/Yengi Emami « Abmessungen: Der Bau konnte (Militärgebiet) nicht vermessen werden. [Dimensions: The building could not be surveyed (military area).] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 101 ※ SOURCE for Yengi Emam Caravanserai «1668-034 Yengeh Emām Iran (Islamic Republic of) N35 56 10.63 E50 43 10.64 0.49 ha 12.29 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] Yod Kusht (G1) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none figure overlay basis for coordinate: lat 27.641654 long 52.485289 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Yahud-Kush , Yod Kusht (G1) , ※ SOURCE for Yahud-Kush « Yod Kusht (Gl, Stein's Yahud-Kush) is located on a high, flat ridge on the south side of a mountain about one farsakh from the coastal village of Parak. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 86 ※ SOURCE for Yod Kusht (G1) « Yod Kusht (Gl, Stein's Yahud-Kush) is located on a high, flat ridge on the south side of a mountain about one farsakh from the coastal village of Parak. The site measures 100 x 250 m and includes a caravanserai, at least four cisterns, and vaulted buildings. All structures were made of plaster and pink limestone, which was quarried in the vicinity. Most of the buildings are simple one-room shelters, though there is one two-room building with its vaulted roof still intact. Otherwise the preserved height is generally about 1.5 m. Some of the buildings have three-quarters round buttresses on the angles; the cisterns generally measure 15 to 20 x 5 m, with rounded comers. The site is the meeting point of a track from the minor port of Shirinu. Stein visited this caravanserai and the cisterns, which he described as near a narrow palm grove known as Badamesh. » #3159 Siraf. History, Topography and Environment (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series I ):, Oxbow, Oxford, 2009 ~ p. 87 Yunisabad sarai ? : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.163793 long 50.307664 † basis (unknown, proposed location coordinates) VARIANT names: Yunisabad sarai ? , ※ SOURCE for Yunisabad sarai ? « YUNISABADA sarai surrounded by cultivation, on the north of the road from Kazvin to Tehran, 19 miles from the former. Rations for 100 men available here.-(Inzar Gul.) » #3713 GAZETTEER OF PERSIA. VOLUME II, Printed at the Government of India Monotype Press,, 1914 ~ p. 656 Yuxari Karvansaray Shehi : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 41.200997 long 47.194025 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Yuxari Karvansaray Shehi , Zafarqand Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.178228 long 52.478383 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zafarghand کاروانسرای ظفرقند VARIANT names: Karavanserail Djow Kandeh , Zafarqand Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Zafarqand Caravanserai « Karavanserail Djow Kandeh (Zafar Qand) (Taf. 26,3) (Abb. 12; 226) (124)Lage: 27 km südöstlich von Ardestan und 40 km nord-westlich von Neyestanak, in +1750 m ü.N.N., an der Kara-wanenstraße von Kashan über Ardestan und Na'in nach Yazd.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit vier Iwanen, zwei Stallabtei-lungen. Keine Türme, kein Portalvorsprung.Abmessungen: 56,50 x 53m Außenmaße, 28,80 x 27,70 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Gebäudes 5,50 m (Abb. 227).fn 124 Das Karavanserail wurde am 6. 4. 1982 vermessen. [Caravanserail Djow Kandeh (Zafar Qand) (Plate 26.3) (Figs. 12; 226) (124)Location: 27 km southeast of Ardestan and 40 km northwest of Neyestanak, at an elevation of 1750 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Kashan via Ardestan and Na'in to Yazd.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with four iwans and two stable sections. No towers or portal projection.Dimensions: 56.50 x 53 m external dimensions, 28.80 x 27.70 m courtyard dimensions. Building height: 5.50 m (Fig. 227).fn 124 The caravanserail was surveyed on April 6, 1982.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p. 113 Zaferaniyeh Shah Abbasi Caravansarai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.165742 long 58.086284 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye shah ebasi zafaranieh کاروانسرای شاه عباسی زعفرانیه VARIANT names: Karavanserail Zafaraniyeh , Zaferaniyeh Shah Abbasi Caravansarai , Zafferoonie caravanserai , Zafferounee caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Zafaraniyeh « Abmessungen: 71,50 x 66,20 m Außenmaße (ohne Por-tal- und Turmvorsprünge), 37 × 36 m Hofabmessungen, Stallgangbreite 4 m, Kuppeldurchmesser 7,50 m. [Dimensions: 71.50 x 66.20 m external dimensions (excluding port and tower projections), 37 × 36 m courtyard dimensions, stable aisle width 4 m, dome diameter 7.50 m.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 30 ※ SOURCE for Zaferaniyeh Shah Abbasi Caravansarai «1668-021 Zafarāniyeh Iran (Islamic Republic of) N36 9 56.59 E58 5 10.43 0.63 ha 29.79 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Zafferoonie caravanserai « Bearing E., Zafferoonie, a small walled village with a little cultivation; close to it is the ancient caravanserai of the same name; ruins show it to have been a fine building: supplies scarce, water indifferent. » #3696 Claude Clerk, Notes in Persia, Khorassan, and Afghanistan, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1861 vol. 31:pp. 37-65 ~ p. 43 ※ SOURCE for Zafferounee caravanserai « and at day break on the morning of the eighteenth we found ourselves in sight of the Robaut (or caravanserai) Zafferounee, which we reached by eight o'clock, after a piercing cold march of ten hours, said to be seven fursungs, or full twenty-eight miles.This old caravanserai is the largest in Persia, and more notorious as a haunt of thieves and banditti than even for its size. It is indeed a most dismal looking fabric, situated on a large plain, or rather slope of the usual dusky hue, that extends from the bottom of a rocky hill; and being the only object raised above its surface, it is visible from a great distance on every side, so that while marching towards it, although continually in progress you seem never to ap-proach it; when at last you draw nigh, it seems like a huge ruin of the fabulous ages, the abode of evil spirits, rather than a place intended for the accommodation of men. There is no cultivation near it; but a small village of an hundred and fifty inhabitants, kept up by order of government, supplies travellers with the few neces-saries they require.This caravanserai is worth describing; it is said, that when in perfect repair, it contained seventeen hundred chambers; a set of baths, and an establishment of shops, within its walls; and that it could accommodate, I know not how many thousand men and cattle. How much of this may have been accurate, it is quite impossible to judge, for the whole is now so ruinous, that it is difficult, in tracing its plan, to determine on what might have been the uses of its several parts. » #1864 Fraser, J. B., A Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821 and 1822, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, London, 1825, ~ p. 383 Zagheh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) NIMA/GNS names: Zagha , Zagheh , زاغ , زاغه , زاغه , VARIANT names: Daraqan , Zaga or Zagan , Zagheh , ※ SOURCE for Daraqan « Dāraqan V C3 # Zaghe à l'Est de Hurrāmābād. Iran.Deuxième étape après Karag sur la route de Sābūrhuwāst.H 358; Muq 401.LS 289; Schw. 670, 923. » #2912 Georgette Cornu, Atlas du monde arabo-islamique a l'epoque classique IXe-Xe siecles, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1985, ~ p. 40 ※ SOURCE for Zaga or Zagan « Passammo poi più di una villa, e verso il tardi andammo ad alloggiare in una che chiamano Zaga o Zagan; [We then passed more than one villa, and towards late we went to lodge in one they call Zaga or Zagan;] » #1530 Pietro Della Valle, Viaggi di Pietro della Valle: il pellegrino, G. Gancia, Brighton, 1843, ~ vol. 1 p. 441 ※ SOURCE for Zagheh « hence a slight descent over a rocky surface to the camping ground, which is situated on the slopes overlooking Zagach, and is high and open, but rather stony. Zägheh, which lies to the S. of the road, is a small walled village surrounded byrich cultivation, with a good caravanserai. » #3485 Routes in Persia Volume II. (North-Western Persia), Printed at the government monotype press, Simla, 1923 ~ p. 159 Zainabad Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.381636 long 58.226398 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zin abad کاروانسرای زین آباد VARIANT names: Fakhrabad Caravanserai , Karavanserail Sinabad , Zainabad Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Karavanserail Sinabad « Karavanserail Sinabad (Taf. 25,1 und 25,2) (Abb. 5 und 69)80Lage: 17 km südlich Badjestan (Bedjestan) und 7 km nördlich Ahang, an der Straße von Badjestan nach Ferdows (Tun).Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei einander gegenüberlie-genden Iwanen, vier Stallabteilungen, einem Wohnhof, der an den Süd-Iwan anschließt, halbrunden Ecktürmen und einer Kuppel über dem Eingang.Abmessungen: 47×38m Außenmaße, 24,10 × 23,30 m Hofabmessungen. Höhe des Portalbaus 6,20 m.Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22/22/5 cm).Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Gut erhalten und landwirtschaftlich genutzt.Inschriften: Keine bekannt.Datierung: Spätsafavidisch bis frühqadjarisch. [Sinabad Caravanserai (Plates 25.1 and 25.2) (Figs. 5 and 69)Location: 17 km south of Badjestan (Bedjestan) and 7 km north of Ahang, on the road from Badjestan to Ferdows (Tun).Type: Courtyard caravanserai with two opposing iwans, four stable sections, a residential courtyard adjoining the southern iwan, semicircular corner towers, and a dome over the entrance.Dimensions: 47 × 38 m external dimensions, 24.10 × 23.30 m courtyard dimensions. Height of the gatehouse: 6.20 m.Building material: Fired bricks (22/22/5 cm).Structural features and condition: Well preserved and used for agricultural purposes.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Late Safavid to early Qajar.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 53 Zainuddin Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 31.411769 long 54.706829 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zin oddin کاروانسرای زین الدین VARIANT names: Robat Zeyn-od-Din , Zainuddin Caravanserai , Zein-o-din caravanserai , Zeynoddin caravanserai , Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd , Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary , ※ SOURCE for Robat Zeyn-od-Din « Das Rundkaravanserail:Typ: Außen runder Bau mit fünf dreiviertelrunden Türmen und vorgezogenem Portalbau. In der Längsachse liegen ein Vorhof, ein zwölfseitiger Zentralhof und ein rückwärtiger Hof. Der Bau hat zwei Stallgänge und eine Anzahl abgeschrägter und achteckiger Räume.Abmessungen: Äußerer Durchmesser ohne Vorsprünge 48 m, Durchmesser des zwölfseitigen Hofes 17 m, Turm-durchmesser 7 m, Weite des rückwärtigen Hofes 6,50 m und Weite des Vorhofes 6,30 m (Abb. 99). Höhe der Fassa-den, innen wie außen, 7 m (Abb. 100). [The Circular Caravanserai:Type: A circular building with five three-quarter-round towers and a projecting entrance. Along its longitudinal axis are an outer courtyard, a twelve-sided central courtyard, and a rear courtyard. The building has two stable passages and a number of sloping and octagonal rooms.Dimensions: Outer diameter without projections 48 m, diameter of the twelve-sided courtyard 17 m, tower diameter 7 m, width of the rear courtyard 6.50 m, and width of the forecourt 6.30 m (Fig. 99). Height of the facades, inside and out, 7 m (Fig. 100).] » #1814 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 7:Teil 5: ~ p. 62 ※ SOURCE for Zein-o-din caravanserai « Figure 1: distribution of Caravanserais in south Iran; 1- Madar Shah 2- Abbasi Gaz 3- Anoshirvan 4- Barsian 5- Mahyar 6- AminAbad 7- Izadkhast 8- Khankhoreh 9- Abalqasem 10- Saryazd 11- Zein-o-din 12- Bard-e Shiraz 13- Rostam 14- Bajgah 15- Shah Abasi 16- Mian Jangal 17- Borashloo 18- Jahrom 19- Safiqoli 20- Barmir » #3659 Morteza Khanipour, The Role of Caravanserais in Trade: Bard-e Shiraz and Rostam Caravanserais, Iran in International Scientific and Practical Conference Cultural Echoes On the Silk Road: Bridging Historical Legacies with Modern Tourism May 16-18, 2024, ~ p. 491 ※ SOURCE for Zeynoddin caravanserai «1668-028 Zeynoddin Iran (Islamic Republic of) N31 24 42.69 E54 42 24.67 0.41 ha 269.93 ha» online reference link [accessed 10 Jan 2026] ※ SOURCE for Zeynoddin Caravanserai Yazd online reference link [accessed 30 Oct 2024] ※ SOURCE for Zeynu'd-Dín caravansary « for which we were rewarded by finding ourselves in less than half an hour at Zeynu 'd- Dín, where there is nothing but a caravansaray and a very good post - house. » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 422 Zaki'khani Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 29.774594 long 52.72339 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zaki khan کاروانسرای زکی?خانی VARIANT names: Carvansera , Karawanenstation Zarqan , Zaki'khani Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Carvansera « Il eſt au pied d'une montagne que je paſſay, et trois heures aprés je m'ar-rêtay un peu dans un Carvanſera qui eſt auſſi au pied d'une autre montagne qui est fort roide. [It is at the foot of a mountain that I crossed, and three hours later I stopped for a while at a Carvansera that is also at the foot of another very steep mountain.] » #3632 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Ecuyer Baron d'Aubonne, qu'il a fait en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,, Chez Gervais Clouzier et Claude Barbin, 1676 ~ p. 656 ※ SOURCE for Karawanenstation Zarqan « Lage: Das Großdorf Zarqan liegt etwa 17 km nordöst-lich von Badjgah (24 km nordöstlich von Shiraz) und 11 km südlich der Pol-e Khan88, 14 km südwestlich von Marv Dasht,Abmessungen: Außenmaße 65 x 62 m, Hofabmessun-gen 49 × 34 m, Höhe des Kuppelportals 7,70 m. Der Portal-bau ist in seiner Außenfassade 7,70 m hoch, die Hoffronten maximal 6,30 m (Abb. 124).Baumaterial: Gebrannte Ziegel (22 x 22 x 5 cm) und Bruchstein.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Der Bau ist teil-restauriert, aber stark verfallen. [Location: The large village of Zarqan is located approximately 17 km northeast of Badjgah (24 km northeast of Shiraz) and 11 km south of Pol-e Khan88, 14 km southwest of Marv Dasht.Dimensions: External dimensions 65 x 62 m, courtyard dimensions 49 × 34 m, height of the domed portal 7.70 m. The portal structure is 7.70 m high on its outer facade, the courtyard facades a maximum of 6.30 m (Fig. 124).Building material: Fired bricks (22 x 22 x 5 cm) and rubble stone.Structural features and condition: The structure is partially restored but in a state of severe disrepair.] » #3079 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2000 Band 6:Teil 4: ~ p. 71 Zanjan caravanserai (?) : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.663261 long 48.48236 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: not confirmed VARIANT names: Zanjan caravansaray , Zanjan caravanserai (?) , ※ SOURCE for Zanjan caravansaray « Our next stage brought us to the considerable town of Zanján, ... We alighted at a caravansaray near the bazaar, which we visited shortly after our arrival. It is not very extensive, being limited to one long street running east and west more than half through the town (which is much longer in this direction than from north to south). » #3380 Browne, Edward Granville, A year amongst the Persians; impressions as to the life, character, and thought of the people of Persia, received during twelve month's residence in that country in the years 1887-8, Adam and Charles Black, 1893 ~ p. 73 Zardan Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.448972 long 59.623073 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat zardan رباط زردان VARIANT names: Caravanserai/Khan , Zardan Caravanserai , ※ SOURCE for Caravanserai/Khan « EAMENA-0192647 » Zarnukh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.13661 long 59.036827 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: rabat zarnokh رباط زرنوخ VARIANT names: Zarnukh Caravanserai , Zarrābkhaneh Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 36.267075 long 49.997918 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zarabakhaneh کاروانسرای ضرابخانه VARIANT names: Zarrābkhaneh Caravanserai , Zije Manije : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) Supplement: zij manizheh زیج منی?ه VARIANT names: Qaleh Manijeh , Qaleh Zij Dukkan , Zije Manije , ※ SOURCE for Qaleh Zij Dukkan Qaleh Zij Dukkan online reference link [accessed 02 Jun 2025] ※ SOURCE for Zije Manije « There is no clear history of the Zijeh Manizhe, but considering the architecture of the building, especially the design of the doorways and arches, and the roof covering used in the building, its construction has been attributed to the late Sassanid period. This building, with a height of about 2 meters from the surrounding land and dimensions of 70 by 50 square meters, has a rectangular plan made of rubble stone and plaster mortar. » online reference link [accessed 02 Jun 2025] Zoghali-ha Caravanserai : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 34.8005468997514 long 48.5246605771787 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) Supplement: karvansaraye zaghalinpana کاروانسرای زغالی?ها VARIANT names: Zaghaliha Caravanserai , Zoghali-ha Caravanserai , Zurram : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 37.318812 long 57.734779 † basis (Kleiss Lage, location not found) VARIANT names: Zurram , ※ SOURCE for Zurram « Zurram (Zavaran) (Abb. 5) (7)In dem Ort sind zwei Karavanserails überliefert, aber nicht vermessen.Lage: 70 km östlich von Bodjnurd, an der Hauptstraße won Gorgan über Bodjnurd und Qucan nach Mashhad. fn 7 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, Graz 1981, 689. [ 1,716 Zurram (Zavaran) (Fig. 5) (7)Two caravanserails are documented in the village, but their locations have not been surveyed.Location: 70 km east of Bodjnurd, on the main road from Gorgan via Bodjnurd and Qucan to Mashhad.fn 7 L.W. Adamec, Historical Gazetteer of Iran, Vol. 2, Graz 1981, 689.] » #1815 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 2001 Band 7:Teil 6: ~ p. 21 « ZURRAM-A large village of about 300 houses, 24 miles south-east of Bujnürd on the road to Shirvan. It is situated on the northern slopes of the Takht-i-Mirzā spur of the Ak Meshed mountain. Its inhabitants are Turks of the Kamari tribes, originally from Merv. The village has two mosques, two caravanserais, a public bath, and does much sericulture.-(Schindler.) » #3702 Gazetteer of persia vol. I., Government of India Press, Simla, 1910 ~ p. 758 Zwischenkaravanserail Bulqetast : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 35.20875 long 51.473642 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Zwischenkaravanserail Bulqetast , ※ SOURCE for Zwischenkaravanserail Bulqetast « Zwischenkaravanserail Bulqetast (Kenargird - Daihr)(Taf. 25,1.2) (Abb. 155 und 232) 150Lage: 32 km südöstlich von Kenargird am Weg zum Ka-ravanserail Daihr (Deihr), 23 km nordwestlich von Daihr, in +870 m ü. N.N. gelegen.Typ: Hofkaravanserail mit zwei Iwanen, einem Anbau in 2. Bauphase auf der West- und der Südseite, sowie Anbau eines 2. Hofes in 3. Bauphase auf der Südseite.Abmessungen: Außenmaße 68,80 (Gesamtlänge) x 39,50 m. 1. Hof 26,80 x 25 m, 2. Hof 37,40 × 17,70 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Stark verfallen.Inschriften: sind keine bekannt.Datierung: Qadjarisch, 19. Jahrhundert. [ 1,241 Bulqetast Intermediate Caravanserail (Kenargird - Daihr)(Plate 25.1.2) (Figs. 155 and 232) 150Location: 32 km southeast of Kenargird on the road to the Daihr (Deihr) Caravanserail, 23 km northwest of Daihr, at an elevation of 870 m above sea level.Type: Courtyard caravanserail with two iwans, an extension built in a second construction phase on the west and south sides, and a second courtyard added in a third construction phase on the south side.Dimensions: External dimensions 68.80 m (total length) x 39.50 m. First courtyard: 26.80 m x 25 m, second courtyard: 37.40 m x 17.70 m.Building material: Mud construction.Architectural features and condition: Severely dilapidated.Inscriptions: None known.Dating: Qajar, 19th century.] » #3474 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1996 Band 2:Teil 1: ~ p. 136 Zwischenkaravanserail südöstlich Hoseyndjeh : arch. site IRN (caravanserai) UTM: none google maps then visual coordinate: lat 33.012788 long 51.072798 † basis (proposed location coordinates based on available references) VARIANT names: Zwischenkaravanserail südöstlich Hoseyndjeh , ※ SOURCE for Zwischenkaravanserail südöstlich Hoseyndjeh « Zwischenkaravanserail südöstlich Hoseyndjeh (Taf. 7,2) (Abb. 12; 61) (52)Lage: 14 km südöstlich von Karavanserail Hoseyndjeh 8 km südöstlich Alavidjeh und 10 km nordwestlich von Robat Qal'eh Sangi, in +1830m ü.N.N., am Karawanenweg von Esfahan nach Golpayegan.Typ: Soweit an der Ruine noch erkennbar, Hofanlage mit vier Iwanen und Räumen um den Hof herum.Abmessungen: 55 x 50m Außenmaße, 40 x 35 m Hofab-messungen, Höhe der Schuttwälle etwa 2 m.Baumaterial: Lehmbauweise.Bauliche Besonderheiten und Zustand: Nur noch in Schuttwällen erkennbar. fn. 52 Die Ruine wurde am 25. 9. 1989 in Schrittmaßen vermessen. [Intermediate caravanserai southeast of Hoseyndjeh (Plate 7.2) (Fig. 12; 61) (52)Location: 14 km southeast of the Hoseyndjeh caravanserai, 8 km southeast of Alavidjeh, and 10 km northwest of Robat Qal'eh Sangi, at +1830 m above sea level, on the caravan route from Isfahan to Golpayegan.Type: As far as can be seen from the ruins, a courtyard complex with four iwans and rooms surrounding the courtyard.Dimensions: 55 x 50 m exterior dimensions, 40 x 35 m courtyard dimensions, height of the rubble mounds approximately 2 m.Building material: Clay construction.Structural features and condition: Only recognizable in the rubble mounds. fn. 52 The ruins were measured in increments on 25 September 1989.] » #3472 Kleiss, Wolfram, Karawanenbauten in Iran. Materialien zur iranischen Archäologie, Materialien zur iranischen Archa¨ologie, D. Reimer, Berlin, 1998 Band 5:Teil 3: ~ p36-7 |